Tissue culture is the growth of tissues and/or cells separate from the organism. Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known living Organisms It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living and is often called This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth media, such as broth or agar. A growth medium or culture medium is a liquid or gel designed to support the growth of Microorganisms or cells There are different types of media for Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, while the more specific term plant tissue culture is used for plants. Plant Tissue Culture is a practice used to propagate Plants under sterile conditions often to produce clones of a plant
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Historical usage
In 1885 Wilhelm Roux removed a portion of the medullary plate of an embryonic chicken and maintained it in a warm saline solution for several days, establishing the basic principle of tissue culture. Wilhelm Roux ( June 9, 1850 &ndash September 15, 1924) was a German zoologist and pioneer of experimental Embryology An embryo (from Greek:, plural, lit "that which grows" from en- "in" + bryein "to swell be full" is a multicellular The chicken ( Gallus gallus, sometimes G gallus domesticus) is a domesticated Fowl which is traditionally believed to have descended from In Medicine, saline (also saline solution) is a general term referring to a sterile solution of Sodium chloride (table Salt) in water [1]
In 1907 the zoologist Ross Granville Harrison demonstrated the growth of frog nerve cell processes in a medium of clotted lymph. Ross Granville Harrison ( January 13 1870 - September 30 1959) was an American biologist and anatomist credited as the first to work
Modern usage
In modern usage, "tissue culture" generally refers to the growth of eukaryotic cells in vitro. Cell culture is the process by which prokaryotic, or eukaryotic cells are grown under controlled conditions Animals Plants fungi, and Protists are eukaryotes (juːˈkærɪɒt or -oʊt Organisms whose cells are organized into complex It is often used interchangeably with cell culture to specifically describe the in vitro culturing of sperm donor cells.
However, "tissue culture" can also be used to refer to the culturing of tissue pieces, i. e. explant culture or whole organs, i. Explant culture is a technique used for the isolation of cells from a piece or pieces of tissue. e. organ culture. Organ culture is a development from Tissue culture methods of research the organ culture is able to accurately model functions of an organ in various states and conditions
References
- ^ "Animals and alternatives in testing.". Retrieved on 2006-04-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer
See also
External links
- www.research.umbc.edu/~jwolf/method5.htm - how-to guide for biology students
- Plant Tissue Culture - way to "xerox" a plant
- CELOS - a division of CELOS (Center for Agricultural Research in Suriname)
Dictionary
tissue culture
-noun
- the process or technique of propagating tissue (either cells or plants) in a culture medium
- the culture of tissue grown by this process
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