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In Jainism, a Tirthankar ("Fordmaker") (also Tirthankara or Jina) is a human being who achieves enlightenment (perfect knowledge) through asceticism and who then becomes a role-model teacher for those seeking spiritual guidance. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Navakar Mantra (णमोकार मंत्र is the fundamental prayer in Jainism and can be recited at any time of the day Timeline of Jainism Prehistory Jainism is one of the oldest religions of India Ahiṃsā ( Sanskrit: अहिंसा Prakrit: अहिंसा means “non-violence” “non-injury” or absence of desire to harm any life forms Achaurya is a Sanskrit word meaning "avoidance of stealing" or "non-stealing" Brahmacharya (brʌmatʃərɪə Devanagari: ब्रह्मचर्य is the first ashram in Vedic culture in which a person is dedicated to the quest for self realization Satya is a Sanskrit word that loosely translates into English as " Truth " or "correct In sramanic philosophy Nirvana (निर्वाण| Nirvāṇa; निब्बान Nibbāna; Prakrit: णिव्वाण Anekāntavāda (Devanagari sa [[wiktअनेकान्तवाद अनेकान्तवाद]] is one of the most important and basic doctrines of Jainism. Kevala Jñāna ( Sanskrit: केवलज्ञान)or Kevala Ṇāṇa (Prakrit: केवल णाण in Jainism, (also known as "absolute knowledge" According to Jainism, this loka or universe is an uncreated entity existing since infinity having no beginning or an end Karma in Jainism ( Sanskrit: कर्म kär'mə kär'mən Prakrit: कम्म kä'mmə refers not only to the actions and deeds that are part of the Jain texts assign a wide range of meaning to the word Dharma (धर्म or Dhamma ( Prakrit: धम्म Mokṣa ( Sanskrit: मोक्ष liberation or Mokkha ( Prakrit: मोक्ख) means liberation salvation or emancipation of soul The Swadhyay Parivar is an association of people who study the Bhagavad Gita and carry out various activities of social good ( swadhyaya literally means self-study In Jainism, Rishabh Dev (ऋषभदेव or Adinatha (other names used Riṣhabh, Riṣhabhanāth, Rushabh, Rushabhdev Mahavira (महावीर lit Great Hero) (599 – 527 BCE is the name most commonly used to refer to the Indian sage Vardhamana ( Sanskrit: वर्धमान An acharya ( acariya in Pali) is an important religious teacher ( Guru) who teaches by his own example (from Sanskrit 'achara' behavior In Jainism, a Ganadhara is a primary disciple of a Tirthankara. Siddhasen Diwakar (Fifth century A D (आचार्य सिद्दसैन दिवाकर was a highly intelligent Jain Acharya of his time Haribhadra Suri (c700-c770 or 459-529 traditional was a Svetambara Mendicant Jain leader and author There are 5200000 Jain in the total population of India of 1028 billion Jainism is a religion that has traditionally been confined to the Indian sub-continent and parts of the middle east The Svetambara (श्वेतांबर श्वेतपट also spelled Svetambar, Shvetambara, Shvetabmbar or Swetambar) is one of Digambar (दिगंबर (sky-clad in Sanskrit) (alternate orthographies Digambara) has many different meaning and associations throughout Indian Terapanth (or Tera Panth the name given to two independent Jain sects Digambar Terapanth: A sect of the Digambara tradition that Sthanakvasi (स्थानकवासी is a sect of Jainism originally founded by a merchant named Lavaji about 1653 CE that believes that God is 'nirakar' (without Bisapantha is sub-sect of the Digambar sect of Jainism. The term refers to Digambaras who are not Terapanthis Murtipujaka is also known as Deravasi and is the term for a sect of Jainism which includes most members of the Shvetambar sect Kalpasutra (कल्पसूत्र is a Jain ancient text containing the biographies of the last two Jain Tirthankaras Parshvanath Tattvartha Sutra (also known as Tattvarth-adhigama-sutra or Moksh-Shastra) is a Jaina text written by Acharya Umaswati or Umasvami A Acaranga Sutra Adipurana Agama (text Antakrddaasah Anuttaraupapātikadaśāh Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus Ascetic redirects here You might also be looking for Acetic acid. A Tirthankar is a special sort of arhat (someone who has totally conquered anger, pride, deceit, desire, etc. In the sramanic traditions of ancient India (most notably those of Mahavira and Gautama Buddha) arhat ( Sanskrit) or arahant ). A Tirthankar is so called because they are the founder of a "Tirth" (lit. 'ford'), a Jain community which acts as a "ford" across the "river of human misery". A ford is a place in a Watercourse (most commonly a stream or River) that is shallow enough to be crossed by wading on Horseback or in a wheeled
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Overview
After achieving enlightenment, a Tirthankar shows others the path to enlightenment. The Tirthankar's religious teachings form the Jain canons. A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Canon law is internal ecclesiastical law governing the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox churches and the Anglican Communion of churches The inner knowledge of all Tirthankars is perfect and identical in every respect, for the teachings of one Tirthankar do not contradict those of another. However, the degree of elaboration varies according to the spiritual advancement and purity of humans during that period. The higher the spiritual advancement and purity of mind, the lower the elaboration required.
At the end of his human life-span, a Tirthankar achieves liberation ('moksh' or 'nirvan'), ending the cycle of infinite births and deaths. In Indian religions, Moksha ( Sanskrit: sa मोक्ष mokṣa) or Mukti ( Sanskrit: sa मुक्ति literally "release" In sramanic philosophy Nirvana (निर्वाण| Nirvāṇa; निब्बान Nibbāna; Prakrit: णिव्वाण
Jainism states time has no beginning or end. It moves like the wheel of a cart. There have been an infinite number of time cycles before our present era and there will be an infinite number of time cycles after this age. At the beginning of the twenty first century, we are approximately 2,530 years into the fifth era of the present half cycle.
Twenty four Tirthankars are born in each half cycle of time (that is forty eight in each full cycle), in this part of the universe. In our current (descending) half cycle of time, the first Tirthankar Rishabh Dev[citation needed], lived billions of years ago and attained liberation ('moksh' or 'nirvan') towards the end of the third era. In Jainism, Rishabh Dev (ऋषभदेव or Adinatha (other names used Riṣhabh, Riṣhabhanāth, Rushabh, Rushabhdev The 24th and last Tirthankar was Mahavir Swami (599-527 BC), whose existence is a historically accepted fact. Mahavira (महावीर lit Great Hero) (599 – 527 BCE is the name most commonly used to refer to the Indian sage Vardhamana ( Sanskrit: वर्धमान Digambaras believe that all twenty four Tirthankars were men but Svetambaras believe that the 19th Tirthankar, Malli Nath, was a woman. Digambar (दिगंबर (sky-clad in Sanskrit) (alternate orthographies Digambara) has many different meaning and associations throughout Indian The Svetambara (श्वेतांबर श्वेतपट also spelled Svetambar, Shvetambara, Shvetabmbar or Swetambar) is one of
The next Tirthankar in our part of the universe will be born at the beginning of the third era of the next (ascending) half cycle of time, in approximately 81,500 years.
As Tirthankars direct us to enlightenment, their statues are worshipped in Jain temples by Jains aspiring to achieve enlightenment. A statue is a Sculpture in the round representing a person or persons an animal or an event normally full-length as opposed to a bust, and at least close to life-size A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites Tirthankars are not God or gods. Jainism does not believe in the existence of God in the sense of a creator, and gods are beings superior to humans but, nevertheless, not fully enlightened.
Particular Tirthankars
Depictions in various forms, including images, statues, etc. The British Museum is a Museum of human history and culture in London. , of the Tirthankaras are always represented as seated with their legs crossed in front, the toes of one foot resting close upon the knee of the other, and the right hand lying over the left in the lap. Only two are represented differently: that of Parsvanatha, the twenty-third, who has snake-hoods over him, and Suparsva, the seventh, who the Digambarashas depict with a smaller group of snake-hoods. Parshvanath or Parshvanatha ( pārśvá-nātha, occasionally spelled Parshvanath or Parswanath) was the twenty-third Tirthankara Suparshvanath was the seventh Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini
Digambara representations are quite nude, while those of the Svetambaras are clothed and decorated with crowns and ornaments. They are further distinguished from one another in representations by their attendant Yakshas and Yakshinis, as well as by their associated chihnas (cognizances) carved on the cushions of their thrones.
All but two of the Jains are ascribed to the Ikshvaku family (or Kula or Kul, which in Sanskrit means "heart community" or "intentional/chosen community/family"). This article is about king Ikshvaku For other uses see Ikshvaku. Munisuvrata, the twentieth, and Neminatha, the twenty-second, were of the Harivamsa race. The Harivamsha (also Harivamsa; Sanskrit Harivaṃśa sa हरिवंश "the lineage of Hari ( Vishnu)" is an important
All but Rishabha received diksha (consecration) and jnana (complete enlightenment) at their native places. Rishabha became a Kevalin at Purimatala, Nemi at Girnar, and Mahavira at the Rijupaluka river. Twenty Tirthankaras died or obtained moksha (deliverance in bliss) on Sameta Sikhara. Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major However Rishabha, the first, achieved nirvana on the Kailasa Mountain of the Himalayas; Vasupujya died at Champapuri in north Bengal; Neminatha on Mount Girnar; and Mahavira, the last, at Pavapur. Champapuri was the capital of the king Lomapada of Anga Kingdom as per epic Ramayana.
Twenty-one of the Tirthakaras are said to have attained Moksha in the Kayotsarga posture; Rishabha, Nemi; and Mahavira on the padmasana (lotus throne). For the Norwegian comic strip see Nemi (comic strip. Nemi is a town and Comune in the Province of The lotus position ( Devanāgarī: पद्मासन IAST: padmāsana; Japanese:) is a cross- Legged
Narration Chart of 24 Tirathankars
The following particulars for each Arhat are given below:
| Tirthankar | Heaven | Birthplace; Consecration |
Parents | Complex | Symbol | Height | Age | Tree | Attendant spirits |
Male disciple; Female disciple |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. Lord Rishabha (Adinath) | Sarvarthasiddha | Vinittanagari; Purimatala |
Nabhiraja by Marudevi |
golden | bull or ox | 500 dhanusha (poles) |
8,400,000 purva (great years) |
Vata (banyan) | Gomukha and Chakresvari |
Pundarika; Brahmi |
| II. In Jainism, Rishabh Dev (ऋषभदेव or Adinatha (other names used Riṣhabh, Riṣhabhanāth, Rushabh, Rushabhdev The Fourteen Purvas, translated as ancient or prior knowledge are a large body of scriptures that was preached by all Tirthankaras encompassing the entire gamut of knowledge A banyan is a fig that starts its life as an Epiphyte when its Seeds germinate in the cracks and crevices on a host Tree (or on structures like Ajitnath | Vijayavimana | Ayodhya; Sammet Shikharji |
Jita['s]atru by Vijayamata |
golden | elephant | 450 dhanusha | 7,200,000 purva | ['S]ala (Shorea robusta) |
Mahayaksha and Ajitabala; or Rohi[n. Ajitnatha was the second Jain Tirthankar of the present age ( Avasarpini) Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major ]i |
['S]i[. m]hasena; Phalgu |
| III. Sambhavanath | Uvarimagraiveka | Savathi; Sravasti |
Jitari by Senamata |
golden | horse | 400 dhanusha | 6,000,000 purva | Prayala (Buchanania latifolia) |
Trimukha and Duritari; or Prajnapti |
Charu; Syama |
| IV. Sambhavanath was the third Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini Abhinandannath | Jayantavimana | Ayodhya; Sammet Shikharji |
Sambararaja by Siddhartha |
golden | monkey | 350 dhanusha | 5,000,000 purva | Priyangu (Panicum italicum) |
Nayaka and Kalika; or Yakshesvara and Vajrasrinkhala |
Vajranabha; Ajita |
| V. Abhinandannatha or Abhinandan Swami was the fourth Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major Foxtail millet (botanic name Setaria italica) is the second most widely planted species of Millet, and the most important in East Asia. Sumatinath | Jayantavimana | Ayodhya; Sammet Shikharji |
Megharaja by Mangala |
golden | curlew or red goose |
300 dhanusha | 4,000,000 purva | Sala | Tumburu and Mahakali; or Purushadatta |
Charama; Kasyapi |
| VI. Sumatinatha was the fifth Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major Padmaprabha | Uvarimagraiveka | Kausambi; Sammet Shikharji |
Sridhara by Susima |
red | lotus | 250 dhanusha | 3,000,000 purva | Chhatra | Kusuma and Syama; or Manovega or Manogupti |
Pradyotana; Rati |
| VII. Padmaprabha was the sixth Jain Tirthankar of the present age ( Avsarpini) Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major Suparshvanath | Madhyamagraiveka | Varanasi; Sammet Shikharji |
Pratish[t. Suparshvanath was the seventh Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major ]haraja by P[r. ]ithvi |
golden or emerald |
swastika | 200 dhanusha | 2,000,000 purva | Sirisha (Acacia sirisha) |
Matanga and Santa; or Varanandi and Kali |
Vidirbha; Soma |
| VIII. Chandraprabha | Vijayanta | Chandrapura; Sammet Shikharji |
Mahasenaraja by Lakshmana |
white | moon | 150 dhanusha | 1,000,000 purva | Naga | Vijaya and Bhrikuti; or Syama or Vijaya and Jvalamalini |
Dinna; Sumana |
| IX. Chandraprabha was the eighth Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major Pushpadanta | Anatadevaloka | Kanandinagari; Sammet Shikharji |
Sugrivaraja by Ramarani |
white | Crocodile | 100 dhanusha | 200,000 purva | Sali | Ajita and Sutaraka; or Mahakali |
Varahaka; Varuni |
| X. Pushpadanta, also known as Suvidhinath, was the ninth Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major Sheetalnath | Achyutadevaloka | Bhadrapura or Bhadilapura; Sammet Shikharji |
Dridharatha-raja by Nanda |
golden | Kalpavriksha or ficus religiosa |
90 dhanusha | 100,000 purva | Priyangu | Brahma and Asoka; or Manavi |
Nanda; Sujasa |
| XI. Sheetalnath was the tenth Jain Tirthankar of the present age ( Avasarpini) Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major The Sacred Fig ( Ficus religiosa) or Bo-Tree (from the Sinhala bo) is a Species of Banyan Fig Shreyansanath | Achyutadevaloka | Simhapuri; Sammet Shikharji |
Vishnuraja by Vishna |
golden | rhinoceros | 80 dhanusha | 8,400,000 common years | Tanduka | Yakshet and Manavi; or Isvara and Gauri |
Kasyapa; Dharani |
| XII. Shreyansanath was the eleventh Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major Vasupujya | Pranatadevaloka | Champapuri; Sammet Shikharji |
Vasupujya by Jaya |
ruddy | female buffalo | 70 dhanusha | 7,200,000 years | Patala (Bignonia suaveolens) |
Kumara and Chanda; or Gandhari |
Subhuma; Dharani |
| XIII. Vasupujya Swami was the twelve Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major Vimalnath | Mahasaradevaloka | Kampilyapura; Sammet Shikharji |
Kritavarmaraja by Syama |
golden | pig | 60 dhanusha | 6,000,000 years | Jambu (Eugenia jambolana) |
Shanmukha and Vidita; or Vairo[t. Vimalnath was the thirteenth Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major Jambul or Jamun or Jamblang ( Syzygium cumini) is an evergreen tropical Tree in the Flowering plant family Myrtaceae ]i) |
Mandara; Dhara |
| XIV. Anantnath | Pranatadevaloka | Ayodhya; Sammet Shikharji |
Simhasena by Suyasah or Sujasa |
golden | porcupine | 50 dhanusha | 3,000,000 years | Asoka (Jonesia asoka) |
Patala and Ankusa; or Anantamati |
Jasa ; Padma |
| XV. Anantnath was the fourteenth Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major Dharmanath | Vijayavimana | Ratnapuri; Sammet Shikharji |
Bhanuraja by Suvrita |
golden | vajra | 45 dhanusha | 1,000,000 years | Dadhiparna (Clitoria ternatea) |
Kinnara and Kandarpa; or Manasi |
Arishta; Arthasiva |
| XVI. Dharmanath was the fifteenth Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major Vajra ( Devanagari: वज्र Tibetan: dorje ( is a Sanskrit word meaning both Thunderbolt and Diamond Clitoris ternatea is a vine native to tropical and equatorial Asia but has been introduced to Africa Australia and the New World Shantinath | Sarvarthasiddha | Gajapura or Hastinapuri; Sammet Shikharji |
Visvasena by Achira |
golden | deer | 40 dhanusha | 100,000 years | Nandi (Cedrela toona) |
Garuda and Nirvani; or Kimpurusha and Mahamanasi |
Chakrayuddha; Suchi |
| XVII. Shantinath was the sixteenth Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major Kunthunath | Sarvarthasiddha | Gajapura; Sammet Shikharji |
Suraraja by Srirani |
golden | goat | 35 dhanusha | 95,000 years | Bhilaka | Gandharva and Bala; or Vijaya |
Samba; Damini |
| XVIII. Kunthunath was the seventeenth Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major Aranath | Sarvarthasiddha | Gajapura; Sammet Shikharji |
Sudarsana by Devirani |
golden | fish or Pisces |
30 dhanusha | 84,000 years | Amba (Mango) |
Yaksheta and Dhana; or Kendra and Ajita |
Kumbha; Rakshita |
| XIX. Aranath was the eighteenth Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major PISCES (Personal Identification Secure Comparison and Evaluation System is a border control database system largely based on biometrics developed by Booz Allen Hamilton Inc Mangoes belong to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous species of tropical fruiting Trees in the Flowering plant family Anacardiaceae Mallinath | Jayantadevaloka | Mathura; Sammet Shikharji |
Kumbharaja by Prabhavati |
blue | jar or Kalasa | 25 dhanusha | 55,000 years | Asoka | Kubera and Dharanapriya; or Aparajita |
Abhikshaka; Bandhumati |
| XX. Mallinath was the nineteenth Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major Munisuvrata | Aparajita-devaloka | Rajagriha; Sammet Shikharji |
Sumitraraja by Padmavati |
black | tortoise | 20 dhanusha | 30,000 years | Champaka (Michelia champaka) |
Varuna and Naradatta; or Bahurupini |
Malli; Pushpavati |
| XXI. Munisuvrata Swami was the twentieth Jain Tirthankar of the present age (Avasarpini Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major Nami Natha | Pranatadevaloka | Mathura; Sammet Shikharji |
Vijayaraja by Viprarani |
yellow; or emerald |
blue water-lily or blue lotus | 15 dhanusha | 10,000 years | Bakula (Mimusops elengi) |
Bhrikuti and Gandhari; or Chamundi |
Subha; Anila |
| XXII. Naminatha was the twenty-first Jain Tirthankar of the current era. Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major Neminatha | Aparajita | Sauripura and Ujjinta (Ujjain); Mount Girnar (Girnarji) |
Samudravijaya by Sivadevi |
black | conch | 10 dhanusha | 1,000 years | Vetasa | Gomedha and Ambika; or Sarvahna and Kushmandini |
Varadatta; Yakshadinna |
| XXIII. Neminatha was twenty-second Jain Tirthankar of the present age ( Avsarpini) Parshva | Pranatadevaloka | Varanasi; Sammet Shikharji |
Asvasenaraja by Vamadevi |
blue | snake | 9 hands or cubits | 100 years | Dhataki (Grislea tomentosa) |
Parsvayaksha or Dharanendra and Padmavati |
Aryadinna; Pushpachu[d. Parshvanath or Parshvanatha ( pārśvá-nātha, occasionally spelled Parshvanath or Parswanath) was the twenty-third Tirthankara Shri Sammet Shikharji (श्री सम्मेत शिखरजी located near Giridih, in Jharkhand state, India, is a major See also Hand A hand (or handbreadth) is a unit of length Measurement, originally based on the breadth of a Male Human hand For the multi-touch interface see CUBIT (multi-touch. For the unit of information see Qubit. ]a |
| XXIV. Mahavira | Pranatadevaloka | Kundagrama or Chitrakuta; Rijupaluka |
Siddhartharaja, Sreyansa or Yasasvin by Trisala Vidchadinna or Priyakarini |
yellow | lion | 7 hands or cubits | 72 years | teak | Matamga and Siddhayika |
Indrabhuti; Chandrabala |
Item Description:
1 Dhanush This is approximately 9 feet or 3 meters
1 Lakh 100,000 (One hundred thousand)
1 Purva 84 Lakh x 84 Lakh Years = 70,560,000,000,000 years = 70,560 billion years
See also
External links
- www.jaina.org
- www.jainaworld.com
- www.jainsamaj.org
- 24 Tirthankaras
- JainismForWorld E-Gurukul
- Tirthankar Info
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