| Timothy Pickering | |
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| In office August 12, 1791 – January 1, 1795 |
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| President | George Washington |
| Preceded by | Samuel Osgood |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Habersham |
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| In office January 2, 1795 – December 10, 1795 |
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| President | George Washington |
| Preceded by | Henry Knox |
| Succeeded by | James McHenry |
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| In office December 10, 1795 – May 12, 1800 |
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| President | George Washington (1795-1797) John Adams (1797-1800) |
| Preceded by | Edmund Randolph |
| Succeeded by | John Marshall |
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| In office March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1811 |
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| Preceded by | Dwight Foster |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Varnum |
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| In office March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1815 |
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| Preceded by | Leonard White |
| Succeeded by | Jeremiah Nelson |
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| In office March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1817 |
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| Preceded by | William Reed |
| Succeeded by | Nathaniel Silsbee |
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| Born | July 17, 1745 Salem, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | January 29, 1829 (aged 83) Salem, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Political party | Federalist |
| Profession | Politician |
| Religion | Unitarian |
Timothy Pickering (July 17, 1745 – January 29, 1829) was a politician from Massachusetts who served in a variety of roles, most notably as the third United States Secretary of State, serving in that office from 1795 to 1800 under Presidents George Washington and John Adams. The United States Postmaster General is the executive head of the United States Postal Service. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the Samuel Osgood ( February 3, 1747 &ndash August 12, 1813) was an American merchant and statesman from Andover, Joseph Habersham ( July 28, 1751 &ndash November 17, 1815) was an American businessman Georgia politician soldier The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington 's administration Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the Henry Knox ( July 25, 1750 &ndash October 25, 1806) was an American Bookseller from Boston who became the chief James McHenry ( November 16, 1753 May 3, 1816) was an early American statesman The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year -of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, but 12 days ahead since Saturday. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the John Adams (October 30 1735 July 4 1826 was one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States. Edmund Jenings Randolph ( August 10, 1753 September 12, 1813) was an American attorney, Governor of Virginia John Marshall (September 24 1755 – July 6 1835 was an American statesman and jurist who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court a center of power The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Joseph Bradley Varnum ( January 29, 1751 – September 21, 1821) was a U The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district is a congressional district in central and southeastern Massachusetts. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Leonard White ( May 3, 1767, Haverhill, Essex County, Massachusetts &mdash October 10, 1849, Haverhill was Jeremiah Nelson, was a Representative from Massachusetts; born in Rowley, Essex County Massachusetts September 14, 1769. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district is in south central Massachusetts. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1817 ( MDCCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Userpolbot from http//bioguidecongressgov/scripts/biodisplaypl?index=R000130 Nathanial Silsbee (1773-1850 was an American politician from Massachusetts. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1745 ( MDCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Salem is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Salem is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Federalist Party (or Federal Party) was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816 with remnants lasting into the 1820s A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1745 ( MDCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the John Adams (October 30 1735 July 4 1826 was one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States.
Contents |
Biography
Early years
Pickering was born in Salem, Massachusetts to Deacon Timothy and Mary Wingate Pickering. Salem is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. He was one of nine children and the younger brother of John Pickering. He attended grammar school in Salem and graduated from Harvard University in 1763. Year 1763 ( MDCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Salem minister William Bentley noted on Pickering: "From his youth his townsmen proclaim him assuming, turbulent, & headstrong. William Bentley ( June 22, 1759, Boston Massachusetts – December 29, 1819, Salem Massachusetts) was an American " [1]
After graduating from Harvard, Pickering returned to Salem where he began working for John Higginson, the town clerk and Essex County, Massachusetts register of deeds. Essex County is a County located in the northeastern part of the U Pickering was admitted to the Massachusetts Bar in 1768 and, in 1774, he succeeded Higginson as register of deeds. Soon after, he was elected to represent Salem in the Massachusetts General Court and served as a justice in the Essex County Court of Common Pleas. The Massachusetts General Court (formally styled The General Court of Massachusetts) is the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts On April 8, 1776, he married Rebecca White of Salem. [2]
In January 1766, Pickering was commissioned a lieutenant in the Essex County militia. He was promoted to captain three years later. In 1769, he published his ideas on the drilling soldiers in the Essex Gazette. These were published in 1775 as "An Easy Plan for a Militia. "[3]
The American Revolution
In December 1776, he led a well-drilled regiment of the Essex County militia to New York, where General George Washington took notice and offered Pickering the position of adjutant general of the Continental Army in 1777. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the An Adjutant General is a military chief administrative officer The American Continental Army was an Army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America He was widely praised for his work in supplying the troops during the remainder of the conflict. In August 1780, the Continental Congress elected Pickering Quartermaster General. The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the A Quartermaster general is the Staff officer in charge of supplies for a whole Army. [4]
Rise to power
After the end of the American Revolution, Pickering made several failed attempts at financial success. In 1783, he embarked on a mercantile partnership with Samuel Hodgdon that failed two years later. In 1786, he moved to the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania where he assumed a series of offices at the head of Luzerne County. This article refers to the valley region in Pennsylvania A lesser-known Wyoming Valley exists in western New York in Wyoming County, where the valley of Luzerne County is a County located in the US state of Pennsylvania. When he attempted to evict Connecticut settlers living in the area, Pickering was captured and held hostage for nineteen days. In 1787, he was part of the Pennsylvania convention held to consider ratification of the United States Constitution. The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. [5]
After the first of Pickering's two failed attempts to make money speculating in Pennsylvania frontier land, now-President Washington appointed him commissioner to the Iroquois Indians; and Pickering represented the United States in the negotiation of the Treaty of Canandaigua with the Iroquois in 1794. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the "League of Peace and Power" the "Five Nations" the "Six Nations" or the "People of the Longhouse The Treaty of Canandaigua was signed at Canandaigua, New York on November 11, 1794, by fifty sachems and war chiefs representing the Grand Council
Washington also brought Pickering into his cabinet, as Postmaster General in 1791. The United States Postmaster General is the executive head of the United States Postal Service. He remained in the cabinet for nine years, serving as postmaster general until 1795, Secretary of War for a brief time in 1795, then Secretary of State from 1795 to 1800. The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington 's administration The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs
Middle years
After a quarrel with President John Adams over Adams's plan to make peace with France, Pickering was dismissed from office in May 1800. John Adams (October 30 1735 July 4 1826 was one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In 1802 Pickering and a band of Federalists, agitated at the lack of support for Federalists, attempted to gain support for the secession of New England from the Jeffersonian United States. The irony of a Federalist moving against the national government was not lost among his dissenters. He was named to the United States Senate as a senator from Massachusetts in 1803 as a member of the Federalist Party. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The Federalist Party (or Federal Party) was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816 with remnants lasting into the 1820s He lost his senate seat in 1811, and was elected to the United States House of Representatives in U.S. House election, 1812, where he remained until 1817. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The US House election 1812 was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1812 His congressional career is best remembered for his leadership of the New England secession movement (see Essex Junto and the Hartford Convention). History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the The Essex Junto was a group of Lawyers and Merchants from Essex County Massachusetts. The Hartford Convention was an event in 1814-1815 in the United States during the War of 1812 in which New England 's opposition to the war reached
Later years and afterwards
After Pickering was denied re-election in 1816, he retired to Salem, where he lived as a farmer until his death in 1829, aged 84. Salem is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. In 1942, a United States Liberty ship named the SS Timothy Pickering was launched. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the History and service In 1936 the American Merchant Marine Act was passed to subsidize the annual construction of 50 commercial merchant vessels to be used in wartime by She was lost off Sicily in 1945. Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. Until the 1990s, Pickering's ancestral home, the circa 1651 Pickering House, was the oldest house in the United States to be owned by the same family continually. List of the oldest buildings in MassachusettsThe Pickering House (circa 1651) is a remarkable Colonial house owned and occupied by ten successive generations of the
References
- Citations and notes
- ^ The Diary of William Bentley, D. D. , Pastor of the East Church, Salem, Massachusetts, 4 vols. (Gloucester, Mass. : Smith, 1962), 3:352.
- ^ Octavius Pickering and Charles W. Upham, The Life of Timothy Pickering, 4 vols. (Boston: Little Brown, 1867-73), 1:7-15, 31.
- ^ Pickering and Upham, Life of Timothy Pickering, 1:85.
- ^ Pickering and Upham, Life of Timothy Pickering, 1:34-139, 251-522; 2:69-508; Gerard H. Clarfield, Timothy Pickering and the American Republic (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1980), 47-144; Edward Hake Phillips, "Salem, Timothy Pickering, and the American Revolution," Essex Institute Historical Collections 111, 1 (1975): 65-78; David McLean, Timothy Pickering and the Age of the American Revolution (New York: Arno Press, 1982).
- ^ Pickering and Upham, Life of Timothy Pickering, 1:532-35; 2:140-73, 182-325, 369-445; Clarfield, Pickering and the Republic, 85-115; Jeffrey Paul Brown, “Timothy Pickering and the Northwest Territory,” Northwest Ohio Quarterly 53, 4 (1982): 117-32.
- General information
- Timothy Pickering at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Clarfield, Gerard H. The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a Biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress as "Postscript to the Jay Treaty: Timothy Pickering and Anglo-American Relations, 1795-1797," William and Mary Quarterly 3d ser. , 23, 1 (1966): 106-20.
- Clarfield, Gerard H. Timothy Pickering and American Diplomacy, 1795-1800. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1969.
- Clarfield, Gerard. Timothy Pickering and the American Republic. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1980.
- Clarfield, Gerard H. "Timothy Pickering and French Diplomacy, 1795-1796. " Essex Institute Historical Collections 104, 1 (1965): 58-74.
- Clarfield, Gerard H. "Victory in the West: A Study of the Role of Timothy Pickering in the Successful Consummation of Pinckney‘s Treaty," Essex Institute Historical Collections 101, 4 (1965): 333-53.
- Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes. American National Biography, vol. 17, "Pickering, Timothy". New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
- Guidorizzi, Richard Peter. "Timothy Pickering: Opposition Politics in the Early Years of the Republic" Ph. D. diss, St. John’s University, 1968.
- Hickey, Donald R. "Timothy Pickering and the Haitian Slave Revolt: A Letter to Thomas Jefferson in 1806," Essex Institute Historical Collections 120, 3 (1984): 149-63.
- McCurdy, John Gilbert. "'Your Affectionate Brother': Complementary Manhoods in the Letters of John and Timothy Pickering. " Early American Studies 4, 2 (Fall 2006): 512-545.
- McLean, David. Timothy Pickering and the Age of the American Revolution. New York: Arno Press, 1982.
- Pickering, Octavius, and Charles W. Upham. The Life of Timothy Pickering. 4 vols. Boston: Little Brown, 1867-73.
- Phillips, Edward Hake. "The Public Career of Timothy Pickering, Federalist, 1745-1802. " Ph. D. diss, Harvard University, 1952.
- Phillips, Edward Hake. "Salem, Timothy Pickering, and the American Revolution. " Essex Institute Historical Collections 111, 1 (1975): 65-78.
- Phillips, Edward Hake. "Timothy Pickering at His Best: Indian Commissioner, 1790-1794. " Essex Institute Historical Collections 102, 3 (1966): 163-202.
- Prentiss, Harvey Pittman. Timothy Pickering as the Leader of New England Federalism, 1800-1815. New York: DaCapo Press, 1972.
- Wilbur, William Allan. "Crisis in Leadership: Alexander Hamilton, Timothy Pickering and the Politics of Federalism, 1795-1804. " Ph. D. diss, Syracuse University, 1969.
- Wilbur, W. Allan. "Timothy Pickering: Federalist, Politician, An Historical Perspective," Historian 34, 2 (1972): 278-92.
- Wilentz, Sean "The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln" W. W. Norton. New York. 2005.
External links
- Timothy Pickering at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Biography and portrait at Quartermaster-Generals
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Samuel Osgood |
United States Postmaster General Served under: George Washington August 12, 1791 – January 1, 1795 |
Succeeded by Joseph Habersham |
| Preceded by Henry Knox |
United States Secretary of War Served under: George Washington January 2, 1795 – December 10, 1795 |
Succeeded by James McHenry |
| Preceded by Edmund Randolph |
United States Secretary of State Served under: George Washington, John Adams December 10, 1795 – May 12, 1800 |
Succeeded by John Marshall |
| United States Senate | ||
| Preceded by Dwight Foster |
Senator from Massachusetts (Class 2) March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1811 Served alongside: John Quincy Adams, James Lloyd |
Succeeded by Joseph Varnum |
| United States House of Representatives | ||
| Preceded by Leonard White |
Member from Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district March 4, 1813 - March 3, 1815 |
Succeeded by Jeremiah Nelson |
| Preceded by William Reed |
Member from Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district March 4, 1815 – March 3, 1817 |
Succeeded by Nathaniel Silsbee |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Pickering, Timothy |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | American statesman |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 17, 1745 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Salem, Massachusetts |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 29, 1829 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Salem, Massachusetts |
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