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For the American baseball player, see Tim Leary (baseball). Timothy James Leary (born December 23, 1958, in Santa Monica California) was a Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher
Timothy Leary

Born October 22, 1920(1920-10-22)
Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died May 31, 1996 (aged 75)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Nationality American
Occupation Scientist
Author
Employers UC Berkeley
Kaiser Family Foundation
Harvard
Known for Psychedelic drug research
Spouse Marianne Busch (1945-1955)
Mary Della Cioppa (1956-1957)
Nena Thurman (1964-1965)
Rosemary Woodruff (1967-1976)
Barbara Chase (1978-1992)

Timothy Francis Leary (October 22, 1920 – May 31, 1996) was an American writer, psychologist, futurist, modern pioneer and advocate of psychedelic drug research and use, and one of the first people whose remains have been sent into space. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Springfield is a City in and the County seat of Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley The Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF, or just Kaiser Family Foundation, is a U Psychedelic drugs are Psychoactive drugs whose primary action is to alter the thought processes of the brain and perception of the mind Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms Mental health professional A psychologist is a practitioner of Psychology, the systematic investigation of the mind including Behavior, Cognition, Futurists, or futurologists, are those who speculate about the future Psychedelic drugs are Psychoactive drugs whose primary action is to alter the thought processes of the brain and perception of the mind An icon of 1960s counterculture, Leary is most famous as a proponent of the therapeutic and spiritual benefits of LSD. The Counterculture of the 1960s and early 1970s refers to a period between 1960 and 1973 that began in the United States as a reaction against Therapy (in Greek: θεραπεία) or treatment, is the attempted Remediation of a health problem usually following a Diagnosis He coined and popularized the catch phrase "Turn on, tune in, drop out. A catch phrase (or catchphrase) is a phrase or expression recognized by its repeated utterance "Turn on tune in drop out" is a Counterculture phrase coined by Timothy Leary in the 1960s "

Contents

Biography

Early life

Leary was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, an only child[1] of an Irish American dentist who abandoned the family when Leary was 13. Springfield is a City in and the County seat of Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. An only child is a child with no Siblings, either Biological or adopted. Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánach are citizens of the United States who can claim ancestry originating in Ireland. He graduated from Springfield's Classical High School. Leary attended three different colleges and was disciplined at each. [1] He studied for two years at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts. The College of the Holy Cross is a prestigious exclusively undergraduate Roman Catholic liberal arts college located in Worcester Massachusetts, Worcester (ˈwʊstɚ is a City in the state of Massachusetts in the United States of America. Leary received a bachelor's degree in psychology at the University of Alabama in 1943. A bachelor's degree is usually an Undergraduate Academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three four or in some cases and Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and An obituary of Leary in the New York Times said he had a "discipline problem" there as well, but that he "finally earned his bachelor's degree in the U. S. Army during World War II,"[1] when he served as a sergeant in the Medical Corps. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Leary dropped out of the class of 1943 at The United States Military Academy at West Point. He received a master's degree at Washington State University in 1946, and a Ph.D. in psychology at the University of California, Berkeley in 1950[2]. Washington State University ( WSU) is an American public Research university in Pullman, Washington. "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley The title of Leary's Ph. D. dissertation was, "The Social Dimensions of Personality: Group Structure and Process. " He went on to become an Assistant Professor at Berkeley (1950-1955), a director of psychiatric research at the Kaiser Family Foundation (1955-1958), and a lecturer in psychology at Harvard University (1959-1963). The Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF, or just Kaiser Family Foundation, is a U He was officially expelled from the faculty of Harvard for failing to conduct his scheduled class lectures; however, his contribution to the spreading popularity of then-legal psychedelic substances among Harvard students due to his research and other activities played a large part in the move to dismiss him.

Leary's early work in psychology continued the exploration by such pioneers as Dr. Harry Stack Sullivan, Dr. Herbert "Harry" Stack Sullivan ( February 21, 1892, Norwich New York – January 14, 1949, Paris, France Karen Horney, Sam Biglari, and others, of the importance of interpersonal forces to mental health. Karen Horney (pronounced "horn-eye" /hɔrnaɪ/ born Danielsen ( September 16, 1885 – December 4, 1952) was a German Dr. Leary specifically focused on how the interpersonal process might be used to diagnose personality patterns or disorders. He developed a complex and respected interpersonal circumplex model, published in The Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality, that offered a means by which psychologists could use MMPI scores to quickly determine a respondent's characteristic interpersonal modes of reaction. The interpersonal circle or interpersonal circumplex is a model for conceptualizing organizing and assessing interpersonal behavior traits and motives (Wiggins 2003 It is a credit to the robustness of his ideas that circumplex models continue to figure prominently in interpersonal research. [3]

In 1955, his first wife, Marianne, committed suicide, leaving him to become a single parent to his son and daughter. [1] Before his first experiments with mushrooms, Leary described his life of 35 years disparagingly, writing that he had been "an anonymous institutional employee who drove to work each morning in a long line of commuter cars and drove home each night and drank martinis . The martini is a Cocktail made with Gin and dry white Vermouth or sweet red Vermouth. . . like several million middle-class, liberal, intellectual robots. "[3][4]

Psychedelic experiments and experiences

On May 13, 1957, Life magazine published an article by R. Gordon Wasson that documented (and popularized) the use of psilocybin mushrooms in the religious ceremony of the indigenous Mazatec people of Mexico. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Robert Gordon Wasson ( September 22, 1898 &ndash December 23, 1986) was an Author, amateur researcher and banker The Mazatec are an indigenous people who inhabit an area of the state of Oaxaca in southern Mexico, close to the border with Puebla and The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. [5] Anthony Russo, a colleague of Leary's, had recently taken this psychedelic (or entheogenic) Psilocybe mexicana during a trip to Mexico, and related the experience to Leary. Modern psychedelia For "psychedelics" see Psychedelic drug. An entheogen, in the strictest sense is a Psychoactive substance used in a religious or shamanic (or entheogenic) context Psilocybe mexicana is a Psychedelic mushroom, it was from this species that Dr In August 1960,[6] Leary traveled to the Mexican city of Cuernavaca with Russo and tried psilocybin mushrooms for the first time, an experience that drastically altered the course of his life (Ram Dass Fierce Grace, 2001, Zeitgeist Video). Cuernavaca (Cuauhnāhuac|kʷaw̥'naːwak is the capital and largest city of the state of Morelos in Mexico. Psilocybin (IPA /saɪləˈsaɪbɪn/ (also known as psilocybine) is a psychedelic Indole of the Tryptamine family found in Psilocybin In 1965, Leary commented that he "learned more about. . . (his) brain and its possibilities. . . (and) more about psychology in the five hours after taking these mushrooms than. . . (he) had in the preceding fifteen years of studying doing [sic] research in psychology. " (Ram Dass Fierce Grace, 2001, Zeitgeist Video).

Upon his return to Harvard that fall, Leary and his associates, notably Richard Alpert (later known as Ram Dass), began a research program known as the Harvard Psilocybin Project. The Harvard Psilocybin Project was a series of loose experiments in psychology conducted by Dr The goal was to analyze the effects of psilocybin on human subjects (in this case, prisoners and later students of the Andover Newton Theological Seminary) using a synthesized version of the then-legal drug—one of two active compounds found in a wide variety of hallucinogenic mushrooms including Psilocybe mexicana. Psilocybe mexicana is a Psychedelic mushroom, it was from this species that Dr The compound was produced according to a recipe developed by research chemist Albert Hofmann of Sandoz Pharmaceuticals. Albert Hofmann ( January 11 1906 – April 29 2008) was a Swiss scientist best known for having been the first to synthesize Sandoz is the generics subsidiary of Novartis, a multinational Pharmaceutical company.

Leary argued that psychedelics, used with the right dosage, set and setting, and with the guidance of psychology professionals, could alter behavior in unprecedented and beneficial ways. Modern psychedelia For "psychedelics" see Psychedelic drug. Set and setting describes the context for psychoactive and particularly Psychedelic drug experiences one's mindset and the setting in which the user has the experience The goals of Leary's research included finding better ways to treat alcoholism and to reform convicted criminals. Alcoholism is a term with multiple and sometimes conflicting definitions In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment Many of Leary's research participants reported profound mystical and spiritual experiences, which they claim permanently altered their lives in a very positive manner. Mysticism (from the Greek grc μυστικός mystikos, an initiate of a Mystery religion) is the pursuit of communion with identity According to Leary's autobiography, Flashbacks, they administered LSD to 300 professors, graduate students, writers and philosophers, and 75 percent of them reported it as being like a revelation to them and one of the most educational experiences of their lives. Flashbacks is Timothy Leary 's auto-biography published in 1983

In the Concord Prison experiment, they administered psilocybin to prisoners, and after being guided through the trips by Leary and his associates, 36 prisoners allegedly turned their backs on crime. The normal recidivism rate of prisoners is about 80 percent, but of the subjects involved in the project, about 80 percent did not return to prison, i. e. a 20 percent recidivism rate. However, the results of this experiment have been largely contested by a follow-up study, citing several problems, including differences in the length of time after release that the study group versus the control group, and other methodology factors, including the difference between subjects re-incarcerated for parole violations versus those imprisoned for new crimes. This study concluded that only a statistically slight improvement could be shown (as opposed to the radical improvement originally reported). In his interview within the study, Leary expressed that the major lesson of the Concord Prison experiment was that the key to a long-term reduction in overall recidivism rates might be the combination of the pre-release administration of psilocybin-assisted group psychotherapy with a comprehensive post-release follow-up program modeled on Alcoholics Anonymous groups to offer support to the released prisoners. The study concluded that whether a new program of psilocybin-assisted group psychotherapy and post-release programs would significantly reduce recidivism rates is an empirical question that deserves to be addressed within the context of a new experiment. [7]

Leary and Alpert founded the International Foundation for Internal Freedom in 1962 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Timothy Francis Leary ( October 22, 1920 &ndash May 31, 1996) was an American Writer, Psychologist, Futurist Cambridge Massachusetts is a City in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. This was run by Lisa Bieberman (now known as Licia Kuenning), a protegé of Leary and one of his many lovers. Around this time, their Harvard colleagues grew uneasy about their research, and about the rumors and complaints (some by parents of students) that had reached the university administration about Leary and Alpert's alleged distribution of hallucinogens to their students. To further complicate matters, their research attracted a great deal of public attention. As a result, many people wanted to participate in the experiments, but were unable to do so because of the high demand. In order to satisfy the curiosity of those who were turned away, a black market for psychedelics developed near the Harvard University Campus (Weil, 1963).

According to biographer Robert Greenfield, in May 1963, Leary and Alpert were dismissed from Harvard after college authorities alleged that undergraduates had shared in the researchers' drugs. [8] According to Andrew Weil, Leary was fired for not showing up to his lecture classes (while Alpert was fired for allegedly giving psilocybin to an undergraduate in an off campus apartment) (Weil, 1963). Andrew Thomas Weil (born 1942) is an American Author and Physician, best known for establishing and popularizing the field of integrative Psilocybin (IPA /saɪləˈsaɪbɪn/ (also known as psilocybine) is a psychedelic Indole of the Tryptamine family found in Psilocybin This version is supported by the words of Harvard President Nathan M. Pusey, who, regarding Leary's termination, released the following statement on May 27, 1963: "On May 6, 1963, the Harvard Corporation voted, because Timothy F. Leary, lecturer on clinical psychology, has failed to keep his classroom appointments and has absented himself from Cambridge without permission, to relieve him from further teaching duty and to terminate his salary as of April 30, 1963" (New York Times, 03/12/1966, p. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 25).

Leary's activities interested siblings Peggy, Billy and Tommy Hitchcock, heirs to the Mellon fortune, who in 1963 helped Leary and his associates acquire the use of a rambling mansion on an estate in the town of Millbrook (near Poughkeepsie, New York), where they continued their experiments. Andrew William Mellon ( March 24 1855 &mdash August 27 1937) was an American banker industrialist philanthropist art collector Millbrook is a Village in Dutchess County, New York, United States. Poughkeepsie (pəˈkɪpsiː is a City in New York, USA and serves as the County seat of Dutchess County, located in the Hudson [8] Leary later wrote: "We saw ourselves as anthropologists from the twenty-first century inhabiting a time module set somewhere in the dark ages of the 1960s. On this space colony we were attempting to create a new paganism and a new dedication to life as art. " (Storming Heaven: LSD and the American Dream (1998) by Jay Stevens, p. 208)

Later, the Millbrook estate was described as "the headquarters of Leary and gang for the better part of five years, a period filled with endless parties, epiphanies and breakdowns, emotional dramas of all sizes, and numerous raids and arrests, many of them led by the local assistant district attorney, G. Gordon Liddy. An epiphany is the sudden realization or comprehension of the (larger essence or meaning of something George Gordon Battle Liddy (born November 30, 1930) was the chief operative for the White House Plumbers unit that existed during several years of "[8] Others contest this characterization of the Millbrook estate; for instance, in his book, The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Tom Wolfe portrays Leary as only interested in research, and not using psychedelics merely for recreational purposes. The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test is a work of Literary journalism by Tom Wolfe, published in 1968 Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr (born March 2, 1931 in Richmond, Virginia) known as Tom Wolfe, is a Best-selling According to "The Crypt Trip" chapter of Wolfe's book, when Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters visited the residence, the Pranksters did not even see Leary, who was engaged in a three-day trip. Kenneth Elton Kesey ( September 17, 1935 &ndash November 10, 2001) was an American Author, best known for his major novels The Merry Pranksters are a group of people who originally formed around American Author Ken Kesey in 1964 and sometimes lived communally at his According to Wolfe, Leary's group even refused to give the Pranksters acid.

In 1964, Leary co-authored a book with Alpert and Ralph Metzner called The Psychedelic Experience, based upon the Tibetan Book of the Dead. Ralph Metzner PhD (born May 18 1936 in Germany is an American psychologist Writer and researcher who participated in psychedelic research In it, they wrote:

“ A psychedelic experience is a journey to new realms of consciousness. The scope and content of the experience is limitless, but its characteristic features are the transcendence of verbal concepts, of space-time dimensions, and of the ego or identity. Such experiences of enlarged consciousness can occur in a variety of ways: sensory deprivation, yoga exercises, disciplined meditation, religious or aesthetic ecstasies, or spontaneously. Most recently they have become available to anyone through the ingestion of psychedelic drugs such as LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, DMT, etc. Psilocybin (IPA /saɪləˈsaɪbɪn/ (also known as psilocybine) is a psychedelic Indole of the Tryptamine family found in Psilocybin Mescaline or 345-trimethoxyphenethylamine is a naturally-occurring Psychedelic Alkaloid of the Phenethylamine class Dimethyltryptamine (DMT also known as NN -dimethyltryptamine, is a naturally occurring Tryptamine and potent psychedelic drug found not only in Of course, the drug does not produce the transcendent experience. It merely acts as a chemical key—it opens the mind, frees the nervous system of its ordinary patterns and structures. ”

Repeated FBI raids ended the Millbrook era. Regarding a 1966 raid by G. Gordon Liddy, Leary told author and Prankster Paul Krassner: "He was a government agent entering our bedroom at midnight. George Gordon Battle Liddy (born November 30, 1930) was the chief operative for the White House Plumbers unit that existed during several years of Paul Krassner (born April 9, 1932) was the founder editor and a frequent contributor to the Freethought magazine The Realist, first We had every right to shoot him. But I've never owned a weapon in my life. I have never had and never will have a gun around. "

On September 19, 1966, Leary founded the League for Spiritual Discovery, a religion declaring LSD as its holy sacrament, in part as an unsuccessful attempt to maintain legal status for the use of LSD and other psychedelics for the religion's adherents, based on a "freedom of religion" argument. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. The League For Spiritual Discovery was a religious organization based around the works of Timothy Leary, and strove for legal use of LSD for religious purposes (Although The Brotherhood of Eternal Love would subsequently consider Leary their spiritual leader, The Brotherhood did not evolve out of IFIF International Foundation for Internal Freedom. The Brotherhood of Eternal Love was an informal organization of psychedelic drug enthusiasts and dealers that operated in the late 1960s Timothy Francis Leary ( October 22, 1920 &ndash May 31, 1996) was an American Writer, Psychologist, Futurist ) On October 6, 1966, LSD was made illegal in the United States and controlled so strictly that not only were possession and recreational use criminalized, but all legal scientific research programs on the drug in the US were shut down as well. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar.

During late 1966 and early 1967, Leary toured college campuses presenting a multi-media performance called "The Death of the Mind," which attempted to artistically replicate the LSD experience. Leary said the League for Spiritual Discovery was limited to 360 members and was already at its membership limit, but he encouraged others to form their own psychedelic religions. The League For Spiritual Discovery was a religious organization based around the works of Timothy Leary, and strove for legal use of LSD for religious purposes Modern psychedelia For "psychedelics" see Psychedelic drug. He published a pamphlet in 1967 called Start Your Own Religion, to encourage people to do so (see below under "writings").

On January 14, 1967, Leary spoke at the Human Be-In, a gathering of 30,000 hippies in Golden Gate Park in San Francisco and uttered his famous phrase, "Turn on, tune in, drop out. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The Human Be-In was a Happening in San Francisco 's Golden Gate Park, the afternoon and evening of January 14, 1967. The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world Golden Gate Park, located in San Francisco California, is a large Urban park consisting of 1017 acres (4 The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city "Turn on tune in drop out" is a Counterculture phrase coined by Timothy Leary in the 1960s " The phrase came to him in the shower one day after Marshall McLuhan suggested to Leary that he should come up with "something snappy" to promote the benefits of LSD. [1]

At some point in the late 1960s, Leary moved to California. He made a number of friends in Hollywood. "When he married his third wife, Rosemary Woodruff in 1967, the event was directed by Ted Markland of 'Bonanza. Timothy Francis Leary ( October 22, 1920 &ndash May 31, 1996) was an American Writer, Psychologist, Futurist Bonanza is an American television series that ran on NBC from September 12 1959 to January 16 1973 ' All the guests were on acid. "[1]

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Leary (in collaboration with the writer Brian Barritt) formulated his circuit model of consciousness, in which he claimed that the human mind/nervous system consisted of seven circuits which, when activated, produce seven levels of consciousness (this model was first published as the short essay, 'The Seven Tongues of God'). The 8-Circuit Model of Consciousness is a theory of Consciousness first proposed by Psychologist Timothy Leary. The system soon expanded to include an eighth circuit; this version was first unveiled to the world in the rare 1973 pamphlet Neurologic (written with Joanna Leary while he was in prison), but was not exhaustively formulated until the publication of Exo-Psychology (by Leary) and in Robert Anton Wilson's Cosmic Trigger in 1977. Robert Anton Wilson or RAW (born Robert Edward Wilson, January 18, 1932 &ndash January 11, 2007) was an American Cosmic Trigger I The Final Secret of The Illuminati (ISBN 1-56184-003-3 is the first book in the Cosmic Trigger series first published in 1977 and Wilson contributed significantly to the model after befriending Leary in the early 70s, and has used it as a framework for further exposition in his book Prometheus Rising, among other works. Prometheus Rising by Robert Anton Wilson is a guide book of "how to get from here to there" an amalgam of Timothy Leary's 8-circuit

Leary believed that the first four of these circuits ("the Larval Circuits" or "Terrestrial Circuits") are naturally accessed by most people in their lifetimes, triggered at natural transition points in life, such as puberty. The second four circuits ("the Stellar Circuits" or "Extra-Terrestrial Circuits"), Leary claimed, were evolutionary off-shoots of the first four that would be triggered at transition points that we will have when we evolve further, and would equip us to encompass life in space, as well as the expansion of consciousness that would be necessary to make further scientific and social progress. Leary suggested that some people may "shift to the latter four gears" (i. e. trigger these circuits artificially) by utilizing consciousness-altering techniques such as meditation and spiritual endeavors such as yoga, or by taking psychedelic drugs specific to each circuit. Meditation is a mental discipline by which one attempts to get beyond the conditioned "thinking" mind into a deeper state of relaxation or awareness Yoga ( Sanskrit: योग, IAST: yóga, joːgə refers to traditional physical and mental disciplines originating in India, to the Psychedelic drugs are Psychoactive drugs whose primary action is to alter the thought processes of the brain and perception of the mind An example of the information Leary cited as evidence for the purpose of the "higher" four circuits was the feeling of floating and uninhibited motion experienced by users of marijuana. Cannabis, also known as marijuana or marihuana, or ganja (from Hindi / Sanskrit: गांजा gānjā hemp) is a In the eight circuit model of consciousness, a primary theoretical function of the fifth circuit (the first of the four developed for life in outer space) is to allow humans to become accustomed to life in a zero or low gravity environment. The 8-Circuit Model of Consciousness is a theory of Consciousness first proposed by Psychologist Timothy Leary.

Trouble with the law

DEA agents Don Strange (right) and Howard Safir (left) arrest Leary in 1972
DEA agents Don Strange (right) and Howard Safir (left) arrest Leary in 1972

Leary's first run in with the law came on December 20, 1965. The Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA) is a United States Department of Justice Law enforcement agency tasked with combating drug smuggling and Howard Safir (born 1941 in the Bronx New York) was New York City Fire Commissioner from 1994 to 1996 and New York City Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. During a border crossing from Mexico into the United States, his daughter was caught with marijuana. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. After taking responsibility for the controlled substance, Leary was convicted of possession under the Marihuana Tax Act on 11 March 1966, and sentenced to 30 years in jail, given a $30,000 fine and ordered to undergo psychiatric treatment. In the United States, the 1937 Marihuana Tax Act, Pub 238 75th Congress 50 Stat Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Soon after, however, he appealed the case, claiming the Marihuana Tax Act was, in fact, unconstitutional, as it required a degree of self-incrimination. Self-incrimination is the act of accusing oneself of a Crime for which a person can then be Prosecuted. Leary claimed this was in stark violation of the Fifth Amendment. The Fifth Amendment ( Amendment V) of the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, is related to legal procedure On December 26, 1968, Leary was arrested again, this time for the possession of two roaches of marijuana, which Leary claimed were planted by the arresting officer. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In US slang a roach is term for the remainder of a joint or blunt after most has been smoked He was later convicted of this offense. On 19 May 1969, The Supreme Court concurred with Leary. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. The Marihuana Tax Act was declared unconstitutional, and his 1965 conviction was quashed. The case was known as Leary v. United States. Leary v United States,, is a US Supreme Court case dealing with the Constitutionality of Marihuana Tax Act. On the day his conviction was overturned, Leary announced his candidacy for Governor of California, running against Ronald Reagan. The Governor of California is the highest executive authority in the state government whose responsibilities include making annual "State of the State" addresses His campaign slogan was "Come together, join the party. " On 1 June 1969, Leary joined John Lennon and Yoko Ono at their Montreal Bed-In and Lennon subsequently wrote Leary a campaign song called "Come Together. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (born born in Tokyo on February 18 1933 is a Japanese Artist and Musician. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec During the Vietnam War, in 1969 John Lennon and Yoko Ono held two week-long Bed-Ins for Peace in Amsterdam and Montreal, which were " Come Together " is a song by The Beatles written primarily by John Lennon and credited to Lennon/McCartney. "

On 21 January 1970, Leary received a ten-year sentence for his 1968 offense. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. When Leary arrived in prison, he was given psychological tests that were used to assign inmates to appropriate work details. Having designed many of the tests himself (including the "Leary Interpersonal Behavior Test"), Leary answered them in such a way that he seemed to be a very conforming, conventional person with a great interest in forestry and gardening. [9] As a result, Leary was assigned to work as a gardener in a lower security prison, and in September 1970 he escaped. Leary claimed his non-violent escape was a humorous prank, and left a challenging note for the authorities to find after he was gone. For a fee, paid by The Brotherhood of Eternal Love, the Weathermen smuggled Leary and his wife, Rosemary Woodruff Leary, out of the United States and into Algeria. The Brotherhood of Eternal Love was an informal organization of psychedelic drug enthusiasts and dealers that operated in the late 1960s Weatherman, known colloquially as the Weathermen and later the Weather Underground Organization, was an American Radical left organization Timothy Francis Leary ( October 22, 1920 &ndash May 31, 1996) was an American Writer, Psychologist, Futurist Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's He sought the patronage of Eldridge Cleaver and the remnants of the separatist USA Black Panther party’s "government in exile. Eldridge Cleaver ( August 31, 1935 &ndash May 1, 1998) was an Author, a prominent American Civil rights leader " After staying with them for a short time, Leary claimed that Cleaver attempted to hold him and his wife hostage.

In 1971, the couple fled to Switzerland, "where they were sheltered and effectively imprisoned by a large-living arms dealer, Michel Hauchard, who claimed he had an 'obligation as a gentleman to protect philosophers,' but mostly had a film deal in mind. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation "(Luc Sante, New York Times Book Review, June 24, 2006) In 1972, President Richard Nixon's attorney general, John Mitchell, persuaded the Swiss government to imprison Leary, which it did for a month, but the Swiss refused to extradite him back to the U. John Mitchell may refer to Politics John N Mitchell (1913-1988 U S. In that same year, Leary and Rosemary separated. After a brief spell with heroin addiction, Leary became involved with French-born socialite Joanna Harcourt-Smith. Leary "married" Harcourt-Smith in a pseudo-occult ceremony at a hotel two weeks after they were first introduced; she would use his surname until their breakup in early 1977. They traveled to Vienna, then Beirut and finally went to Kabul, Afghanistan, in 1973. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 } Kābul ( Persian and Pashto: کابل, IPA:) is the Capital and largest city of Afghanistan, with Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, "Afghanistan had no extradition treaty with the United States, but this stricture did not apply to American airliners," Luc Sante wrote in a review of a biography of Leary. That interpretation of the law was used by U. S. authorities to capture the fugitive. "Before Leary could deplane, he was arrested by an agent of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs. "[8]

At a layover in the United Kingdom, as Leary was being flown back to the United States, he requested political asylum from Her Majesty's Government, but to no avail. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Right of asylum (or political asylum) is an ancient Judicial notion under which a person persecuted for political opinions or religious beliefs in his He was then held on five million dollars bail ($21. 5 mil. in 2006), the highest in U. S. history to that point; President Richard Nixon had earlier labeled him "the most dangerous man in America. "[1] The judge at his remand hearing remarked, "If he is allowed to travel freely, he will speak publicly and spread his ideas. "[10] Facing a total of 95 years in prison, Leary was put into solitary confinement in Folsom Prison, California, where at one point he was in a cell immediately adjacent to Charles Manson. Folsom State Prison (FSP is one of 33 prisons operated by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR [11]

Leary made somewhat of a pretense of cooperating with the FBI's investigation of the Weathermen and radical attorneys, by giving them information they wanted that he knew they already had or would have very little consequence. Weatherman, known colloquially as the Weathermen and later the Weather Underground Organization, was an American Radical left organization In a perceived attempt at character assassination, the FBI through deliberate deception spread disinformation about Leary having become an "informant" under the codename Charlie Thrush, implicating friends and helpers in exchange for a reduced sentence. Disinformation is the deliberate dissemination of false Information. Leary would later claim, and members of the Weathermen would later support, that no one was ever prosecuted based on any information he gave to the FBI (as noted in an Open Letter from the Friends of Timothy Leary:

“ The Weather Underground, the radical left organization responsible for his escape, was not impacted by his testimony. Histories written about the Weather Underground usually mention the Leary chapter in terms of the escape for which they proudly took credit. Leary sent information to the Weather Underground through a sympathetic prisoner that he was considering making a deal with the FBI and waited for their approval. The return message was "we understand. " ”

Many of his oldest friends, including Ken Kesey, Paul Krassner, Allen Ginsberg, Jerry Rubin and Ram Dass, were openly contemptuous of Harcourt-Smith and felt that, in the words of Krassner, she had "led him by his dick. Kenneth Elton Kesey ( September 17, 1935 &ndash November 10, 2001) was an American Author, best known for his major novels Paul Krassner (born April 9, 1932) was the founder editor and a frequent contributor to the Freethought magazine The Realist, first Irwin Allen Ginsberg (ˈgɪnzbɝg (June 3 1926 &ndash April 5 1997 was an American Poet. Jerry Rubin ( July 14, 1938 – November 28, 1994) was a high-profile left-wing American social activist during the 1960s and " These sentiments were echoed at a rally against the "new" Leary organized by Kesey at Stanford University. Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University or simply Stanford, is a private Research university located in

While imprisoned Leary remained a productive writer, sowing the seeds for his incarnation as a futurist lecturer with the StarSeed Series. In Starseed (1973), neurologic (1973), & Terra II: A Way Out (1974), Leary transitioned from Eastern philosophy and Aleister Crowley to a belief that outer space was a medium for spiritual transcendence as his principal frame of reference. Aleister Crowley, born Edward Alexander Crowley (ˈkroʊli (12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947 was a British Occultist Writer, mountaineer Neurologic also added the idea of "time dilation/contraction" available to the activated brain through the cellular, DNA, or atomic level of reality. Terra II is his first detailed proposal for space colonization. Space colonization (also called space settlement, space humanization, Space habitation, etc Leary’s muse peaked with Exo – Psychology, Neuropolitics, and The Intelligence Agents.

Leary's last two decades

Leary was released from prison on April 21, 1976, by Governor Jerry Brown. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Edmund Gerald "Jerry" Brown Jr (born April 7, 1938) is the current Attorney General and former governor of the State of After briefly relocating to San Diego, Leary established residence in Laurel Canyon and continued to write books and appear as a lecturer and (by his own terminology) "stand up philosopher. Laurel Canyon is a canyon neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. " In 1978, Leary married filmmaker Barbara Blum, also known as Barbara Chase, sister of actress Tanya Roberts. Tanya Roberts (born Victoria Leigh Blum on October 15, 1955) is an American actress best known for her roles in Charlie's Leary adopted Blum's son and raised him as his own. Leary and Blum divorced in 1992.

Leary cultivated a friendship with former foe G. Gordon Liddy, the notorious Watergate burglar and conservative radio talk-show host. George Gordon Battle Liddy (born November 30, 1930) was the chief operative for the White House Plumbers unit that existed during several years of The Watergate scandals were a series of Political scandals during the presidency of Richard Nixon that resulted in the Indictment of several of Nixon's They toured the lecture circuit in 1982 as ex-cons (Liddy having been imprisoned after high-level involvement in the Watergate scandal) debating about the soul of America. The tour generated massive publicity and considerable funds for both figures. Along with the personal appearances, a successful documentary called Return Engagement that chronicled the tour and the concurrent release of the autobiography, Flashbacks helped to return Leary to the spotlight. An autobiography, from the Greek αὐτός autos "self" βίος bios "life" and γράφειν graphein "to write" Flashbacks is Timothy Leary 's auto-biography published in 1983

While his stated ambition was eventually to cross over as a mainstream Hollywood personality, reluctant studios and sponsors ensured that that never occurred. Nonetheless, constant touring ensured that he was able to maintain a very comfortable lifestyle by the mid-1980s, while his colorful past made him a desirable guest at A-list parties throughout the decade. The A-list is a term that alludes to major Movie stars and/or the most bankable in the Hollywood movie industry. He also attracted a more intellectual crowd, which included John Frusciante (Leary appeared in Johnny Depp's and Gibby Haynes' 1994 film Stuff which showed the squalid conditions that Frusciante was living in at the time); Robert Anton Wilson; David Byrne; science fiction wunderkind William Gibson; and Norman Spinrad amongst its ranks. John Anthony Frusciante (pronounced) (born March 5 1970 is an American Guitarist, singer songwriter and record producer John Gibson Jerome "Gibby" Haynes (born 1957 is an American musician radio personality painter and the lead singer of the group Butthole Surfers. Stuff is a short documentary of John Frusciante's house It was made in 1993 by Johnny Depp and the lead singer of the Butthole Surfers, Robert Anton Wilson or RAW (born Robert Edward Wilson, January 18, 1932 &ndash January 11, 2007) was an American List of child prodigies|Fictional child prodigies A child prodigy is a one who masters one or more skills or arts at an early age William Ford Gibson (born March 17 1948 is an American - Canadian writer who has been called the "noir prophet" of the Cyberpunk subgenre Norman Richard Spinrad (born September 15, 1940) is an American Science fiction author

While he continued to use drugs frequently on a private basis, rather than evangelizing and proselytizing the use of psychedelics as he had in the 1960s, the latter day Leary emphasized the importance of space colonization and an ensuring extension of the human lifespan while also providing a detailed explanation of the eight-circuit model of consciousness in books such as Info-Psychology, among several others. He adopted the acronym "SMI²LE" as a succinct summary of his pre-transhumanist agenda: SM (Space Migration) + I² (intelligence increase) + LE (Life extension). Transhumanism (sometimes symbolized by >H or H+) a term often used as a synonym for " Human enhancement " is an international intellectual Space colonization (also called space settlement, space humanization, Space habitation, etc Transhumanism (sometimes symbolized by >H or H+) a term often used as a synonym for " Human enhancement " is an international intellectual Life extension refers to an increase in maximum or average lifespan, especially in humans by slowing down or reversing the processes of aging.

Leary's colonization plan varied greatly throughout the years. Because he believed that he would soon migrate into space, Leary was opposed to the ecology movement. He dismissed many of Earth’s problems and labeled the entire field of ecology “a seductive dinosaur science. ” Leary stated that only the “larval,” intellectually and philosophically backward humans, would choose to remain in “the fouled nest. ” According to his initial plan to leave the planet, 5,000 of Earth's most virile and intelligent individuals would be launched on a vessel (Starseed 1) equipped with luxurious amenities. This idea was inspired by the plotline of Paul Kantner's concept album Blows Against The Empire, which in turn was derived from Robert A. Heinlein's Lazarus Long series. Paul Lorin Kantner (born 17 March 1941 in San Francisco, California) is an American Rock musician, most noted for In Popular music, a concept album is an Album which is "unified by a theme which can be instrumental compositional narrative or lyrical" Blows Against the Empire, a concept album by Paul Kantner and others was the first album released using the name Jefferson Starship. Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7 1907 – May 8 1988 was an American Novelist and Science fiction Writer. Lazarus Long is a fictional character featured in a number of Science fiction Novels by Robert A In the 1980s, he came to embrace NASA scientist Gerard O'Neill's more realistic and egalitarian plans to construct giant Eden-like High Orbital Mini-Earths (documented in the Robert Anton Wilson lecture H. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program Not to be confused with Eden Gardens.The Garden of Eden ( Hebrew "pleasure" גַּן עֵדֶן Arabic: جنات عدن, Robert Anton Wilson or RAW (born Robert Edward Wilson, January 18, 1932 &ndash January 11, 2007) was an American O. M. E. s on LaGrange) using existing technology and raw materials from the Moon, orbital rock and obsolete satellites.

By the mid 1980s, Leary had begun to incorporate computers, the Internet, and virtual reality into his aegis of thought. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Virtual reality ( VR) is a technology which allows a user to interact with a Computer-simulated environment be it a real or imagined one Leary established one of the earliest sites on the World Wide Web, and was often quoted describing the Internet as "the LSD of the 1990s. " He became a promoter of virtual reality systems,[12] and sometimes demonstrated a prototype of the Mattel Power Glove as part of his lectures (as in From Psychedelics to Cybernetics). Mattel Inc ( is the world's largest Toy importing company based on revenue The Power Glove (1989 is a controller accessory for the Nintendo Entertainment System designed by the team of Grant Goddard and Sam Davis for Abrams/Gentile Around this time he cultivated friendships with a number of notable people in the field, including Brenda Laurel, a pioneering researcher in virtual environments and human-computer interaction. Brenda Laurel is a pioneering writer researcher designer and entrepreneur in the fields of Human-computer interaction, interactive narrative and cultural aspects of technology

In 1989, Leary's eldest daughter, Susan, committed suicide after years of mental instability. After separating from Barbara Leary in 1992, Leary began to associate with a much younger, artistic and tech-savy crowd that included people as diverse as actors Johnny Depp, Susan Sarandon and Dan Aykroyd, and his granddaughters, Dieadra Martino and Sara Brown; grandson, Ashley Martino; stepson, Zach Chase; author Douglas Rushkoff, publisher Bob Guccione, Jr., and goddaughters: actress Winona Ryder and artist/music-photographer Hilary Hulteen. John Susan Sarandon (born Susan Abigail Tomalin; October 4 1946 is an American Actress. Daniel Edward "Dan" Aykroyd, CM (born July 1, 1952) is an Academy Award -nominated and Emmy Award -winning Canadian-American Douglas Rushkoff (born 18 February 1961) is a New York -based writer columnist and lecturer on technology Robert Charles Guccione Jr (born 1956 - the eldest son of Bob Guccione (founder of ''Penthouse'' magazine) - is best known for founding the music magazine Winona Laura Horowitz (born October 29 1971 better known under her professional name Winona Ryder, is an American actress He was frequently spotted at raves with Psychic TV and alternative rock concerts (Ministry), including a memorable mosh pit experience at an early Smashing Pumpkins concert. Psychic TV (sometimes spelled Psychick TV) or PTV, is a video art and music group that primarily performs psychedelic punk electronic and experimental music Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of Moshing or slamming refers to the activity in which audience members at live music performances aggressively push or slam into each other The Smashing Pumpkins are an American Alternative rock band that formed in Chicago, Illinois in 1988 In spite of his declining health, Leary maintained a regular schedule of public appearances through 1994.

From 1989 on, Leary had begun to reestablish his connection to non-mainstream religious movements with an interest in altered states of consciousness. In 1989 he appeared with friend and book collaborator Robert Anton Wilson in a dialog entitled The Inner Frontier for the Association for Consciousness Exploration, a Cleveland-based group that had been responsible for his first Cleveland, Ohio appearance in 1979. Robert Anton Wilson or RAW (born Robert Edward Wilson, January 18, 1932 &ndash January 11, 2007) was an American The Association for Consciousness Exploration LLC (ACE is an American organization based in Northeastern Ohio which produces events books and recorded media in the fields Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state After that, he appeared at the Starwood Festival, a major Neo-Pagan event run by ACE, in 1992 and 1993[13] (though his planned 1994 WinterStar Symposium appearance was cancelled due to his declining health). The Starwood Festival is a six-day Neo-Pagan, New Age and multi-cultural festival presented in mid- to late July currently in Sherman New York. Neopaganism or Neo-Paganism is an Umbrella term used to identify a wide variety of modern religious movements particularly those influenced by historical In front of hundreds of Neo-Pagans in 1992, he declared, "I have always considered myself, when I learned what the word meant, I've always considered myself a Pagan. Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller rustic" is a word used to refer to various religions and religious beliefs from across the world " (Quote from CD: Timothy Leary Live at Starwood) He also collaborated with Eric Gullichsen on Load and Run High-tech Paganism: Digital Polytheism [4]

Death

etoy agents with mortal remains of Timothy Leary 2007
etoy agents with mortal remains of Timothy Leary 2007

In early 1995, Leary discovered that he was terminally ill with inoperable prostate cancer. Etoy is a European digital art group Etoy won several international awards including the Prix Ars Electronica in 1996. He did not reveal the condition to the press upon diagnosis, but did so after the death of Jerry Garcia in August. Jerome John "Jerry" Garcia (August 1 1942 &ndash August 9 1995 was a Musician, Songwriter, Artist, and Lead guitarist and

Leary authored an outline for a book called Design for Dying, which attempted to show people a new perspective of death and dying. Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living Organisms It refers both to a specific Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living Organisms It refers both to a specific Leary's de facto "family" — his staff of technophilic Gen Xers — updated his website on a daily basis as a sort of proto-blog, noting his daily intake of various illicit and legal chemical substances, with a predilection for nitrous oxide, cigarettes, his trademark "Leary Biscuits" (a snack cracker with cheese and a small marijuana bud, briefly microwaved), and eventually heroin and morphine. Generation X is a term used to describe generations in the United States and other countries born between the approximate years of 1965 to 1981 the late 1950s and 1960s or A blog (a contraction of the term " Web log " is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary descriptions of Nitrous oxide, commonly known as " laughing gas," is a Chemical compound with the Chemical formula N 2 O. Heroin ( INN: diacetylmorphine, BAN: diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from Morphine, a derivative Medical uses Morphine can be used as an analgesic in hospital settings to relieve pain in Myocardial infarction pain in His sterile house was completely redecorated by the staff, who had more or less moved in, with an array of surreal ornamentation. In his final months, thousands of visitors, well wishers and old friends visited him in his California home. Until the final weeks of his illness, Leary gave many interviews discussing his new philosophy of embracing death.

Movie poster for Timothy Leary's Dead (a Paul Davids film). Universal Pictures. Designed by Mark Hanau
Movie poster for Timothy Leary's Dead (a Paul Davids film). Universal Pictures. Designed by Mark Hanau

For a number of years, Leary was reported to have been excited by the possibility of freezing his body in cryonic suspension. Cryonics is the low-temperature Preservation of Humans and other Animals that can no longer be sustained by contemporary Medicine until He did not believe that he would be resurrected in the future, but he recognized the importance of cryonic possibilities. He called it his "duty as a futurist," and helped publicize the process. Futures Studies, Foresight, or Futurology is the science art and practice of postulating possible probable and preferable futures and the worldviews Privately he dismissed cryonics as "a joke" and did not seem to regard the process with much seriousness. Leary had relationships with two cryonic organizations, the original ALCOR and then the offshoot CRYOCARE. The Alcor Life Extension Foundation is a Scottsdale, Arizona, USA -based Nonprofit company that researches advocates for and performs Cryonics A cryonic tank was delivered to Leary's house in the months before his death. However, Leary subsequently requested that his body be cremated, which it was, and distributed among his friends and family.

Leary's death was videotaped for posterity at his request, capturing his final words. During his final moments, he said, "Why not?" to his son Zachary. He uttered the phrase repeatedly, in different intonations, and died soon after. His last word, according to Zachary Leary, was "beautiful. "

Leary's final moments also appear in the documentary, "Timothy Leary's Dead. " (1996, IMDB) After remembrances are recorded among family and colleagues, Leary allows his bodily functions to be suspended for the purposes of cryonic preservation. Consistent with his embrace of the idea of donating himself to ongoing experiments in consciousness-- e. g. , determining whether his consciousness could transcend his life, or moreover could be re-constituted after his death-- the film documents the experiment: Leary's head is removed and placed on ice.

Seven grams of Leary's ashes were arranged by his friend at Celestis to be buried in space aboard a rocket carrying the remains of 24 other people including Gene Roddenberry (creator of Star Trek), Gerard O'Neill (space physicist), Krafft Ehricke (rocket scientist), and others. Celestis is a company which launches Cremains, or cremated human remains into space. Space burial is a Burial procedure in which a small sample of the cremated ashes of the deceased are placed in a capsule the size of a tube of Lipstick Eugene Wesley "Gene" Roddenberry (August 19 1921 &ndash October 24 1991 was an American Screenwriter and producer. Dr Krafft Arnold Ehricke ( March 24, 1917 - December 11, 1984) was a Rocket -propulsion engineer A Pegasus rocket containing their remains was launched on April 21, 1997, and remained in orbit for six years until it burnt up in the atmosphere. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar

Influence on others

The Psychedelic Experience was the influence for John Lennon's song "Tomorrow Never Knows" on The Beatles' album Revolver. The Psychedelic Experience A Manual Based on The Tibetan Book of the Dead (commonly referred to as The Psychedelic Experience) is an instruction manual John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (born " Tomorrow Never Knows " is the final track of The Beatles ' 1966 studio album Revolver. The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 Revolver is the seventh album by English rock band The Beatles, released on 5 August 1966. Leary once recruited John Lennon to write a theme song for his California gubernatorial campaign (which was interrupted by his prison sentence), inspiring Lennon to come up with "Come Together," based on Leary's theme and catchphrase for the campaign. John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (born The Governor of California is the highest executive authority in the state government whose responsibilities include making annual "State of the State" addresses Leary was also present when Lennon and his wife Yoko Ono recorded Give Peace A Chance during one of their bed-ins in Montreal and is mentioned in the lyrics of the song. born in Tokyo on February 18 1933 is a Japanese Artist and Musician. " Give Peace a Chance " is a song written by John Lennon and originally credited to Lennon/McCartney (John Lennon and Paul McCartney) During the Vietnam War, in 1969 John Lennon and Yoko Ono held two week-long Bed-Ins for Peace in Amsterdam and Montreal, which were

Leary was the explicit subject of The Moody Blues song "Legend of a Mind," which memorialized him with the words, "Timothy Leary's dead. The Moody Blues are an English psychedelic rock band originally from Erdington in the city of Birmingham. " Legend of a Mind " is a song by the British Progressive rock band The Moody Blues, and was written by the band's flautist Ray Thomas, who No, no, no, no he's outside looking in" (a lyric later incorporated into the Bongwater's cover version of the Moody Blues song "Ride My Seesaw"). In Popular music, a cover version, or simply cover, is a new rendition ( Performance or Recording) of a previously recorded commercially released At first, Leary detested the line, but later found the sense of humor to adopt "Legend of a Mind" as his theme song when he hit the lecture circuit.

Leary, John Lennon, Yoko Ono, and others recording "Give Peace A Chance." Photo By Roy Kerwood
Leary, John Lennon, Yoko Ono, and others recording "Give Peace A Chance. " Give Peace a Chance " is a song written by John Lennon and originally credited to Lennon/McCartney (John Lennon and Paul McCartney) " Photo By Roy Kerwood

A number of other musical groups have admired and been influenced by Leary, including the progressive metal band Tool (who used one of his monologs to start the song Third Eye on their live album Salival), the metal band Nevermore, Marcy Playground, earlier works by Porcupine Tree, and new wave band Devo (Leary even appearing in one of their films). Tool is an American rock band that was formed in 1990 in Los Angeles, California. Salival was a limited edition box set in CD / VHS and CD / DVD formats released in 2000 by Tool. Nevermore is an American metal band from Seattle, Washington assembled in 1991 from the ashes of the Power metal band Sanctuary For the album see Marcy Playground (album Marcy Playground is an American Alternative rock and Post-grunge Porcupine Tree are a Progressive rock band formed by Steven Wilson in 1987 in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England. Devo (pronounced DEE-vo (IPA /'diːvoʊ/) or dee-VO (IPA /diː'voʊ/) often spelled "DEVO" or "DEV-O" is an American Recently a song has been written about Leary by the alternative rock band Guster in their 2007 release of Satellite EP. Guster is an American Jangle pop band that is known for its live performances humor and cult following and was formed by Adam Gardner, Ryan Satellite EP is the fifth EP by rock band Guster. It was released on April 10, 2007. Nevermore mentions Leary in their lyrics, and titled one of their albums "The Politics of Ecstasy" (after Leary's book of the same name). Also, on Nevermore's self entitled album there is a song named "Timothy Leary". The Psychedelic Trance band Infected Mushroom uses a soundclip of Leary saying "Turn on, tune in, and drop out" in a song. Infected Mushroom is an Israeli Psychedelic trance DJ duo that uses additional musicians when they play live sets Leary made a cameo appearance in "Stuff", a short film directed by Johnny Depp and Gibson Haynes about the Red Hot Chili Peppers guitar player John Frusciante. A cameo role or cameo appearance (often shortened to just cameo) is a brief appearance of a known person in a work of the Performing arts, such as Stuff is a short documentary of John Frusciante's house It was made in 1993 by Johnny Depp and the lead singer of the Butthole Surfers, John Red Hot Chili Peppers are John Anthony Frusciante (pronounced) (born March 5 1970 is an American Guitarist, singer songwriter and record producer He also appears on "Gila Copter" from the Linger Ficken' Good album by the Revolting Cocks and also appears in the video for "Cracking Up". Linger Ficken' Good… and Other Barnyard Oddities is the third studio Album by The Revolting Cocks. Revolting Cocks, also known as RevCo, is an American industrial rock band that began as a musical side-project for Alain Jourgensen of Leary also appears as the father in the Suicidal Tendencies video "Possessed to Skate". Suicidal Tendencies (also known as ST or Suicidal) is an American Hardcore punk and heavy metal band He is also mentioned in the song "The Seeker" by The Who: "I asked Timothy Leary/ But he couldn't help me either. The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend " He appears in Blind Melon's video "Galaxie" as a magician. Blind Melon is an American rock band that originally existed from 1991 to 1995 and ceased with the death of lead vocalist Shannon Hoon shortly after the release of the Galaxie is a Canadian multilingual Digital broadcasting or Digital television radio service that was launched in 1997 and is owned and operated by the

In the movie, The Ruling Class, the character, Jack Gurney (played by Peter O'Toole), who thinks he is Jesus, claims that the voice of "Timothy O'Leary" told him he was God (see film clip here). The Ruling Class is a 1972 film adaptation of Peter Barnes ' satirical Stage play which tells the story of a paranoid schizophrenic Peter O'Toole (born 2 August 1932) is an Irish and British actor who achieved instant stardom in 1962 playing T Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) Leary also appeared in Cheech and Chong's Nice Dreams(1981) as a benevolent psychiatrist administering LSD to mental patients. Nice Dreams was Cheech & Chong 's third feature-length film released in 1981 by Columbia Pictures.

Timothy Leary's ideas also heavily influenced the work of Robert Anton Wilson. Robert Anton Wilson or RAW (born Robert Edward Wilson, January 18, 1932 &ndash January 11, 2007) was an American This influence went both ways and Leary admittedly took just as much from Wilson. Wilson's book Prometheus Rising was an in depth, highly detailed and inclusive work documenting Leary’s eight circuit model of consciousness. The 8-Circuit Model of Consciousness is a theory of Consciousness first proposed by Psychologist Timothy Leary. Although the theory originated in discussions between Leary and a Hindu holy man at Millbrook, Wilson was one of the most ardent proponents of it and introduced the theory to a mainstream audience in 1977's bestselling Cosmic Trigger. In 1989, they appeared together on stage in a dialog entitled The Inner Frontier[14] in Cleveland, Ohio hosted by the Association for Consciousness Exploration,[15] (the same group that had hosted Leary's first Cleveland appearance in 1979[16][17]). Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state The Association for Consciousness Exploration LLC (ACE is an American organization based in Northeastern Ohio which produces events books and recorded media in the fields Wilson and Leary conversed a great deal on philosophical, political and futurist matters and became close friends who remained in contact through Leary's time in prison and up until his death. Wilson regarded Leary as a brilliant man and often is quoted as saying (paraphrase) "Leary had a great deal of 'hilaritose', the type of cheer and good humour by which it was said you could recognise a deity". Al Jourgensen of Ministry, who produced and performed on the album "Beyond Life With Timothy Leary", also cites Leary as "more of a father to me than my own father was. Al Jourgensen (born October 9, 1958 in Havana, Cuba) is an American musician best known as the founder and frontman of the Industrial Ministry was an American Industrial metal band founded by Frontman Al Jourgensen in 1981 "

Leary's apparent endorsement of care-free LSD usage is also reflected upon in a more negative light in the concluding chapter of Hunter S. Thompson's Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. Hunter Stockton Thompson ( July 18, 1937 &ndash February 20, 2005) was an American Journalist and Author, most In addition, Owsley Stanley, one of the pioneers of the era, would later write of him,

"Leary was a fool. Owsley Stanley (born Augustus Owsley Stanley IIII, January 19, 1935) also known as The Bear, was an underground LSD chemist the first Drunk with 'celebrity-hood' and his own ego, he became a media clown-and was arguably the single most damaging actor involved in the destruction of the evanescent social movement of the '60's. Tim, with his very public exhortations to the kids to 'tune in, turn on and drop out,' is the inspiration for all the current draconian US drug laws against psychedelics. He would not listen to any of us when we asked him to please cool it, he loved the lime-light and relished his notoriety. . . I was not a fan of his. " [5]

Author and Merry Prankster Ken Kesey remained a supporter and admirer of Leary throughout his career,

"Leary can get a part of my mind that's kind of rusted shut grinding again, just by being around him and talking. Kenneth Elton Kesey ( September 17, 1935 &ndash November 10, 2001) was an American Author, best known for his major novels "

World religion scholar Huston Smith was turned on by Leary after the two were introduced to one another by Aldous Huxley in the early 1960s. Huston Cummings Smith (born May 31, 1919) is among the preeminent Religious studies scholars in the Aldous Leonard Huxley (26 July 1894 &ndash 22 November 1963 was an English writer and one of the most prominent members of the famous Huxley family. The experience was interpreted as deeply religious by Smith, and is captured in detailed religious terms in Smith's later work Cleansing of the Doors of Perception. This was Smith's one and only entheogenic experience, at the end of which he asked Leary, to paraphase, if Leary knew the power and danger of that with which he was conducting research. In Mother Jones Magazine, 1997, Smith commented:

"First, I have to say that during the three years I was involved with that Harvard study, LSD was not only legal but respectable. The Harvard Psilocybin Project was a series of loose experiments in psychology conducted by Dr Before Tim went on his unfortunate careening course, it was a legitimate research project. Though I did find evidence that, when recounted, the experiences of the Harvard group and those of mystics were impossible to tell apart—descriptively indistinguishable—that's not the last word. There is still a question about the truth of the disclosure. " [6]

Creative works

Writings

Partial discography

Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out (Original Movie Soundtrack)
Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out (Original Movie Soundtrack)

Also Appears On:

Multimedia performances

Timothy Leary in pop culture

Music

"Think for yourself. Tool is an American rock band that was formed in 1990 in Los Angeles, California. Ænima (ˈɑːnɪmə is the second full-length Studio album by the Progressive metal band Tool. Salival was a limited edition box set in CD / VHS and CD / DVD formats released in 2000 by Tool. Question authority. Throughout human history, as our species has faced the frightening, terrorizing fact that we do not know who we are, or where we're going in this ocean of chaos, it has been the authorities: the political, the religious, the educational authorities, who have attempted to comfort us by giving us order, rules, regulations. Informing, forming in our minds their view of reality. To think for yourself you must question authority and learn how to put yourself in a state of vulnerable open-mindedness-- chaotic, confused vulnerability to inform yourself. Think for yourself. Question authority. "

Games

TV appearances

Filmography

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g [1] "Timothy Leary, Pied Piper Of Psychedelic 60's, Dies at 75," obituary, New York Times Book Review, June 1, 1996, written by hannah palmer
  2. ^ John Cashman, "The LSD Story," Fawcett Publications, 1966
  3. ^ Torgoff, Martin (2004). Across the Universe is a 2007 Musical film directed by Julie Taymor, produced by Revolution Studios, and distributed by Columbia Pictures Freedom of thought (also called freedom of conscience and freedom of ideas) is the freedom of an individual to hold or consider a fact viewpoint Cognitive liberty is the freedom to be the absolute Sovereignty of the individual ’s own Consciousness. Psychedelic drugs are Psychoactive drugs whose primary action is to alter the thought processes of the brain and perception of the mind Can't Find My Way Home: America in the Great Stoned Age. Simon and Schuster, 72. ISBN 0743230108.  
  4. ^ Leary, Timothy; Allen Ginsberg (1995). High Priest. Ronin Publishing, 4. ISBN 0914171801.  
  5. ^ Seeking the Magic Mushroom - Cover
  6. ^ Cashman, John. "The LSD Story". Fawcett Publications, 1966
  7. ^ Dr. Leary's Concord Prison Experiment: A 34 Year Follow-Up Study
  8. ^ a b c d .html?pagewanted=print "The Nutty Professor," by Luc Sante, New York Times Book Review, June 24, 2006, review of "Timothy Leary: A Biography," by Robert Greenfield
  9. ^ RE/Search Publications - Pranks! - Timothy Leary
  10. ^ This is also reported as: “He has preached the length and breadth of the land, and I am inclined to the view that he would pose a danger to the community if released. ” Walker, Jesse (2006) "The Acid Guru’s Long, Strange Trip" The American Conservatve" issue of November 6, 2006.
  11. ^ Nick Gillespie, "Psychedelic, Man," Washington Post, June 15, 2006
  12. ^ [www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,971015-2,00. html]
  13. ^ The Cleveland Free Times :: Archives :: Circle Of Ash
  14. ^ Lesie, Michele (1989) High Priest of LSD To Drop In. Cleveland Plain Dealer
  15. ^ Local Group Hosts Dr. The Plain Dealer is the major daily Newspaper of Cleveland Ohio. Timothy Leary by Will Allison (The Observer Fri. Sept. 29th, 1989)
  16. ^ Two 60s Cult Heroes, on the Eve of the 80s by James Neff (Cleveland Plain Dealer Oct. 30th, 1979)
  17. ^ Timothy Leary: An LSD Cowboy Turns Cosmic Comic by Frank Kuznik (Cleveland Magazine November 1979
  18. ^ The 8-Circuit Maze - Multi-media presentation at the Starwood Center presented by The Association for Consciousness Exploration[2]
  19. ^ Legend of a Mind

Weil, Andrew T. The Association for Consciousness Exploration LLC (ACE is an American organization based in Northeastern Ohio which produces events books and recorded media in the fields "The Strange Case of the Harvard Drug Scandal" Look, 27 November 5, 1963.

External links

Persondata
NAME Leary, Timothy Francis
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION Psychologist and advocate
DATE OF BIRTH October 22, 1920
PLACE OF BIRTH Springfield, Massachusetts, United States
DATE OF DEATH May 31, 1996
PLACE OF DEATH Los Angeles, California, United States
Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Springfield is a City in and the County seat of Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
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