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Timolol
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| (S)-1-(tert-butylamino)- 3-(4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yloxy)propan-2-ol |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | C07 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C13H24N4O3S |
| Mol. mass | 316. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs It is controlled by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component The DrugBank database available at the University of Alberta is a unique Bioinformatics and Cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Sulfur or sulphur (ˈsʌlfɚ see spelling below) is the Chemical element that has the Atomic number 16 The molecular mass (abbreviated m of a substance, more commonly referred to as molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the Mass of one 421 g/mol |
| SMILES | & |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 60% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic: 80% |
| Half life | 2. In Pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered Dose of unchanged drug that reaches the Systemic circulation, one of Drug metabolism is the Metabolism of drugs, their Biochemical modification or degradation usually through specialized enzymatic systems The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals The biological half-life of a substance is the time it takes for a substance (drug radioactive nuclide or other to lose half of its pharmacologic physiologic or radiologic activity 5-5 hours |
| Excretion | Renal |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. | |
| Legal status |
℞ Prescription only |
| Routes | oral, Ophthalmic |
Timolol maleate is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker. Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products of Metabolism and other non-useful materials The kidneys are complicated organs that have numerous biological roles The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical if it is used as directed by the mother during For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction In Pharmacology and Toxicology, a route Eyes are organs that detect Light, and send signals along the Optic nerve to the visual areas of the brain Beta blockers (sometimes written as β-blocker) are a class of drugs used for various indications but particularly for the management of Cardiac arrhythmias In its oral form (Blocadren), it is used to treat high blood pressure and prevent heart attacks, and occasionally to prevent migraine headaches. Hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, HTN or HPN, is a medical condition in which the Blood pressure is chronically elevated Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply Migraine is a neurological Syndrome characterized by altered bodily experiences painful headaches and nausea In its ophthalmic form (brand names Timoptol in Italy; Timoptic), it is used to treat open-angle and occasionally secondary glaucoma by reducing aqueous humour production through blockade of the beta receptors on the ciliary epithelium. Eyes are organs that detect Light, and send signals along the Optic nerve to the visual areas of the brain Glaucoma is a group of diseases of the Optic nerve involving loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern of optic neuropathy. The pharmacological mechanism by which it actually does this is still unknown.
Contents |
Side effects
The most serious possible side effects include cardiac arrhythmias and severe bronchospasms. Dysrhythmia redirects here For the American band see Dysrhythmia (band. Bronchospasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the Bronchioles It is caused by the release ( Degranulation) of substances from Mast cells Timolol can also lead to fainting, congestive heart failure, depression, confusion, and impotence. Heart failure is a Cardiac condition that occurs when a problem with the structure or function of the Heart impairs its ability to supply Major depressive disorder, also known as major depression, unipolar depression, unipolar disorder, clinical depression, or simply depression Confusion, of a Pathological degree usually refers to loss of orientation (ability to place oneself correctly in the world by time location and personal identity and
Usual dosage
- Children and Adults: Ophthalmic: Initial: 0. 25% solution, instill 1 drop twice daily; increase to 0. 5% solution if response not adequate; decrease to 1 drop/day if *controlled; do not exceed 1 drop twice daily of 0. 5% solution Adults: Oral:
- Hypertension: Initial: 10 mg twice daily, increase gradually every 7 days, usual dosage: 20-40 mg/day in 2 divided doses; maximum: 60 mg/day
- Prevention of myocardial infarction: 10 mg twice daily initiated within 1-4 weeks after infarction
- Migraine headache: Initial: 10 mg twice daily, increase to maximum of 30 mg/day
Formulations
- Gel-forming solution, ophthalmic, as maleate (Timoptic-XE): 0. 25% (2. 5 mL, 5 mL); 0. 5% (2. 5 mL, 5 mL)
- Solution, ophthalmic, as hemihydrate (Betimol): 0. 25% (5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL); 0. 5% (5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL) [contains benzalkonium chloride]
- Solution, ophthalmic, as maleate: 0. Benzalkonium chloride, also known as alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and ADBAC, is a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides of various even-numbered 25% (5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL); 0. 5% (5 mL, 10 mL, 15 mL) [contains benzalkonium chloride]
- Timoptic: 0. 25% (5 mL, 10 mL); 0. 5% (5 mL, 10 mL) [contains benzalkonium chloride]
- Solution, ophthalmic, as maleate [preservative free] (Timoptic OcuDose): 0. 25% (0. 2 mL);0. 5% (0. 2 mL) [single use]
- Tablet, as maleate (Blocadren): 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg
For ophthalmic use, timolol is also available combined with other medications:
- Cosopt - timolol maleate and dorzolamide hydrochloride
- DuoTrav - timolol and travoprost
Brand names
- In Canada: Apo-Timol, Apo-Timop, Gen-Timolol, Nu-Timolol, Phoxal-timolol, PMS-Timolol, Tim-AK, Timoptic, Timoptic-XE. Cosopt is a drug for lowering pressure in the eye to normal levels and a treatment for Glaucoma. Dorzolamide is a Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor It is an anti-glaucoma agent and topically applied in the form of eye drops Alcon, ( incorporated in Hünenberg, Switzerland, is a global Medical company specializing in eye care products Travoprost ophthalmic solution is a topical medication used for controlling the progression of Glaucoma or ocular Hypertension, by reducing Intraocular pressure
- In United States: Betimol, Blocadren, Istalol, Timoptic, Timoptic-XE, Timoptic OcuDose.
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