| Year | Date | Event |
|---|
| 1604 | October | False Dmitriy I, a man claiming to be the murdered Dmitriy Ivanovich, invaded Russia. False Dmitriy I ( Cyrillic Лжедмитрий other Transliterations: Dimitri Dimitrii Dimitriy Dimitry Dmitri Dmitrii Dmitry) was the Tsarevich Demetrius, or Tsarevich Dimitri, or Dmitriy Ivanovich, also known as Dmitry of Uglich and Dmitry of Moscow, ( Дмитрий |
| 1605 | April 13 | Boris died. Boris Fyodorovich Godunov (Бори́с Фёдорович Годуно́в (c His son Feodor II was pronounced tsar. Fyodor II Borisovich Godunov of Russia (Фёдор II Борисович ( 1589 - July 10 / July 20, 1605) was a Tsar of Russia |
| July 1 | A group of boyars defected in support of False Dmitriy, seized control of the Kremlin, and arrested Feodor. This article refers to the aristocratic title of boyar. For the Boyar caste of India, see Boyar (caste. False Dmitriy I ( Cyrillic Лжедмитрий other Transliterations: Dimitri Dimitrii Dimitriy Dimitry Dmitri Dmitrii Dmitry) was the The Moscow Kremlin ( Russian: Московский Кремль Moskovskiy Kreml) usually referred to as simply The Kremlin, is a historic fortified Fyodor II Borisovich Godunov of Russia (Фёдор II Борисович ( 1589 - July 10 / July 20, 1605) was a Tsar of Russia |
| June 20 | False Dmitriy and his army arrived in Moscow. False Dmitriy I ( Cyrillic Лжедмитрий other Transliterations: Dimitri Dimitrii Dimitriy Dimitry Dmitri Dmitrii Dmitry) was the Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of |
| July 20 | Feodor and his mother were strangled. Fyodor II Borisovich Godunov of Russia (Фёдор II Борисович ( 1589 - July 10 / July 20, 1605) was a Tsar of Russia |
| July 21 | False Dmitriy was crowned tsar. False Dmitriy I ( Cyrillic Лжедмитрий other Transliterations: Dimitri Dimitrii Dimitriy Dimitry Dmitri Dmitrii Dmitry) was the |
| 1606 | May 8 | False Dmitriy married a Catholic, inflaming suspicions that he meant to convert Russia to Catholicism. False Dmitriy I ( Cyrillic Лжедмитрий other Transliterations: Dimitri Dimitrii Dimitriy Dimitry Dmitri Dmitrii Dmitry) was the As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described |
| May 17 | Conservative boyars led by Vasili Shuisky stormed the Kremlin and shot False Dmitriy to death during his escape. This article refers to the aristocratic title of boyar. For the Boyar caste of India, see Boyar (caste. Vasili IV of Russia ( Russian: Василий IV Иванович Шуйский, other Transliterations: Vasily Vasiliy Vasilii) ( September The Moscow Kremlin ( Russian: Московский Кремль Moskovskiy Kreml) usually referred to as simply The Kremlin, is a historic fortified False Dmitriy I ( Cyrillic Лжедмитрий other Transliterations: Dimitri Dimitrii Dimitriy Dimitry Dmitri Dmitrii Dmitry) was the |
| May 19 | Shuisky's allies declared him Tsar Vasili IV. Vasili IV of Russia ( Russian: Василий IV Иванович Шуйский, other Transliterations: Vasily Vasiliy Vasilii) ( September |
| 1607 | | False Dmitriy II, another claimant to the identity of Dmitriy Ivanovich, obtained financial and military support from a group of Polish magnates. False Dmitry II (Лжедимитрий II other Transliterations: Dmitriy Dmitri Dmitrii) also called the rebel of Tushino, was the second Tsarevich Demetrius, or Tsarevich Dimitri, or Dmitriy Ivanovich, also known as Dmitry of Uglich and Dmitry of Moscow, ( Дмитрий The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Magnate, from the Late Latin magnas, a great man itself from Latin magnus 'great' designates a noble or other man in a high social position |
| 1609 | February 28 | Vasili ceded border territory to Sweden in exchange for military aid against the government of False Dmitriy II. Vasili IV of Russia ( Russian: Василий IV Иванович Шуйский, other Transliterations: Vasily Vasiliy Vasilii) ( September "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. False Dmitry II (Лжедимитрий II other Transliterations: Dmitriy Dmitri Dmitrii) also called the rebel of Tushino, was the second |
| September | Polish-Russian War (1609-1618): The Polish king Sigismund III led an army into Russia. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Sigismund III Vasa (Zygmunt III Waza ( 20 June 1566 |
| 1610 | July 4 | Battle of Klushino: Seven thousand Polish cavalrymen defeated a vastly superior Russian force at Klushino. The Battle of Klushino (Kłuszyn was fought on July 4, 1610, between forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia during The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Klushino (Клушино is a village in Smolensk Oblast, Russia, situated on the old road between Vyazma and Mozhaysk, not |
| July 19 | Vasili was overthrown. Vasili IV of Russia ( Russian: Василий IV Иванович Шуйский, other Transliterations: Vasily Vasiliy Vasilii) ( September A group of nobles, the Seven Boyars, replaced him at the head of the government. The Seven Boyars (Семибоярщина the Russian term indicating "Rule of the Seven Boyars" or "the Deeds of the Seven Boyars" were a group of Russian nobles |
| July 27 | Polish-Russian War (1609-1618): A truce was established. The boyars promised to recognize Sigismund's son and heir Władysław as tsar, conditional on severe limits to his power and his conversion to Orthodoxy. The Seven Boyars (Семибоярщина the Russian term indicating "Rule of the Seven Boyars" or "the Deeds of the Seven Boyars" were a group of Russian nobles Sigismund III Vasa (Zygmunt III Waza ( 20 June 1566 This article is about the 17th century king of Poland For another person sometimes mentioned as Wladislaw IV of Poland in works of reference see the 14th century Władysław See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure |
| August | Polish-Russian War (1609-1618): Sigismund rejected the boyars' conditions. Sigismund III Vasa (Zygmunt III Waza ( 20 June 1566 The Seven Boyars (Семибоярщина the Russian term indicating "Rule of the Seven Boyars" or "the Deeds of the Seven Boyars" were a group of Russian nobles |
| December | Hermogenes, the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, urged the Russian people to rise against the Poles. Hermogenes, or Germogen (before 1530 - February 17, 1612) was the Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia from 1606 See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic |
| December 11 | False Dmitriy II was shot and beheaded by one of his entourage. False Dmitry II (Лжедимитрий II other Transliterations: Dmitriy Dmitri Dmitrii) also called the rebel of Tushino, was the second |
| 1612 | November 1 | Polish-Russian War (1609-1618): Russian nationalists rising against the Poles recaptured the Kremlin. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic The Moscow Kremlin ( Russian: Московский Кремль Moskovskiy Kreml) usually referred to as simply The Kremlin, is a historic fortified |
| 1613 | | Ingrian War: Sweden invaded Russia. The Ingrian War between Sweden and Russia, which lasted between 1610 and 1617 and can be seen as part of the Time of Troubles, is mainly remembered "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. |
| February 21 | A zemsky sobor elected Michael Romanov, a grandson of Ivan the Terrible's brother-in-law, the tsar of Russia. The zemsky sobor (зе́мский собо́р was the first Russian Parliament of the feudal Estates type in the 16th and 17th centuries |
| 1617 | February 27 | Ingrian War: The Treaty of Stolbovo ended the war. The Treaty of Stolbovo is a peace treaty of 1617 that ended the Ingrian War, fought between Sweden and Russia. Kexholm, Ingria, Estonia and Livonia went to Sweden. Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe |
| 1618 | December 11 | Polish-Russian War (1609-1618): The Truce of Deulino ended the war. See also List of treaties Russia ceded the city of Smolensk and the Czernihów Voivodeship to Poland. Smolensk (Смоленск is a city in western Russia, located on the Dnieper River, the administrative centre of Smolensk Oblast. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic |
| 1619 | February 13 | Feodor Romanov, Michael's father, was released from Polish prison and allowed to return to Russia. Fyodor Nikitich Romanov (Фёдор Никитич Романов (1553 — October 1, 1633) was a Russian Boyar who after temporary disgrace The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic |
| 1632 | October | Smolensk War: With the expiration of the Truce of Deulino, a Russian army was sent to lay siege to Smolensk. The Smolensk War (1632–1634 was a conflict fought between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia. See also List of treaties Smolensk (Смоленск is a city in western Russia, located on the Dnieper River, the administrative centre of Smolensk Oblast. |
| 1634 | March 1 | Smolensk War: The Russian army, surrounded, was forced to surrender. |
| June 14 | Smolensk War: The Treaty of Polyanovka was signed, ending the war. The Treaty of Polyanovka (Polanów also known as the Peace of Polyanovka / Polanów) was a Peace treaty signed on June 14, 1634 between the Poland retained Smolensk, but Władysław renounced his claim to the Russian throne. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Smolensk (Смоленск is a city in western Russia, located on the Dnieper River, the administrative centre of Smolensk Oblast. This article is about the 17th century king of Poland For another person sometimes mentioned as Wladislaw IV of Poland in works of reference see the 14th century Władysław |
| 1645 | July 13 | Michael died. His son, Alexis I, succeeded him. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov (Алексей Михайлович ( March 9, 1629 (O |
| 1648 | January 25 | Khmelnytsky Uprising: A Polish magnate, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, persuaded the Cossacks of the Zaporizhian Sich to join him against the king. The term Khmelnytsky Uprising (also Khmel'nyts'kyi/Chmielnicki Uprising or Khmelnytsky / Chmielnicki Rebellion) refers to a Rebellion or The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Magnate, from the Late Latin magnas, a great man itself from Latin magnus 'great' designates a noble or other man in a high social position Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmel'nyts'kyi (Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький commonly transliterated as Khmelnytsky; known in The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern Zaporizhian Sich (Запорізька Січ Zaporiz'ka Sich) original Slavonic name "Zaporizhska Sich'" was the center of the Dnieper Cossacks |
| June 1 | Salt Riot: Upset over the introduction of a salt tax, the townspeople launched a rebellion in Moscow. The Salt Riot, also known as the Moscow Uprising of 1648 (Соляной бунт Московское восстание 1648 was a Riot in Moscow Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of |
| June 11 | Salt Riot: A group of nobles demanded a zemsky sobor on behalf of the rebellion. The Russian Nobility (Дворянство Dvoryanstvo) arose in the 14th century and essentially governed Russia until the October Revolution The zemsky sobor (зе́мский собо́р was the first Russian Parliament of the feudal Estates type in the 16th and 17th centuries |
| July 3 | Salt Riot: Many of the rebellion's leaders were executed. |
| December 25 | Khmelnytsky Uprising: Khmelnytsky entered the Ukrainian capital, Kiev. Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmel'nyts'kyi (Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький commonly transliterated as Khmelnytsky; known in Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the |
| 1649 | January | A zemsky sobor ratified a new legal code, the Sobornoye Ulozheniye. The zemsky sobor (зе́мский собо́р was the first Russian Parliament of the feudal Estates type in the 16th and 17th centuries The Sobornoye Ulozheniye (Соборное уложение was a legal code promulgated in 1649 by the Zemsky Sobor under Alexis of Russia as a replacement |
| 1653 | | Raskol: Nikon, the Patriarch of Moscow, reformed Russian liturgy to align with the rituals of the Greek Church. Raskol (раско́л, meaning 'split' or ' schism ' was the event of splitting of the Russian Orthodox Church into an official church and the Old Believers Nikon ( Russian: Ни́кон, Old Russian Нїконъ) born Nikita Minin ( Никита Минин; May 7, 1605 The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world |
| 1654 | | Khmelnytsky Uprising: Under the Treaty of Pereyaslav, Left-bank Ukraine, the territory of the Zaporozhian Host, became a Russian protectorate. The Treaty of Pereyaslav (Pereiaslav was concluded in 1654 in the Ukrainian city of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi (Pereyaslav Left-bank Ukraine ( Livoberezhna Ukrayina; Levoberezhnaya Ukraina; Lewobrzeżna Ukraina is a historic name of the part of Ukraine on the left (East The Zaporozhian Cossacks (Запорожці Zaporozhtsi,were Cossacks who lived in Zaporizhia, in Central Ukraine |
| July | Russo-Polish War (1654–1667): The Russian army invaded Poland. The Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667, also called the War for Ukraine, was the last major conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic |
| 1655 | | Deluge (history): Sweden invaded the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Deluge ( Polish: Potop, full Polish name is Potop Szwedzki Deluge''' is the name commonly assigned in the History Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic |
| July 3 | Russo-Polish War (1654–1667): The Russian army captured Vilnius. |
| July 25 | Deluge (history): The voivode of Poznań surrendered to the Swedish invaders. A voivode or waywode is a Slavic title that originally denoted the principal commander of a military force Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe |
| November 2 | Russia negotiated a ceasefire with Poland. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic |
| 1656 | July | Russo–Swedish War (1656–1658): Russian reserves invaded Swedish Ingria. |
| 1658 | February 26 | Dano-Swedish War (1657-1658): The Treaty of Roskilde ended Sweden's war with Denmark, allowing her to shift her troops to the eastern conflicts. The Treaty of Roskilde was signed on February 26, 1658 in the Danish city of Roskilde. Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe Denmark–Norway ( Danish: Danmark-Norge Norwegian: Danmark-Norge or Danmark-Noreg is the historiographical name for a former political entity union |
| September 16 | Russo-Polish War (1654–1667): The Treaty of Hadiach established a military alliance between Poland and the Zaporozhian Host, and promised the latter a separate state within the Commonwealth. The Treaty of Hadiach (ugoda hadziacka was a Treaty signed on September 16 1658 in Hadiach (Hadziacz Hadiacz Гадяч between representatives of the Polish-Lithuanian The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic The Zaporozhian Cossacks (Запорожці Zaporozhtsi,were Cossacks who lived in Zaporizhia, in Central Ukraine |
| December 28 | Russo–Swedish War (1656–1658): The Treaty of Valiesar established a peace. The conquered Ingrian territories were ceded to Russia for three years. |
| 1660 | April 23 | Deluge (history): The Treaty of Oliva ended the conflict between Poland and Sweden. The Treaty of Oliva, (or Peace of Oliva; Vertrag von Oliva pokój oliwski Freden i Oliva was a Peace treaty ending the "Deluge" (Swedish The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe |
| 1661 | | Russo-Polish War (1654–1667): Polish forces recaptured Vilnius. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic |
| The Treaty of Valiesar expired. Russia returned Ingria to the Swedish Empire by the Treaty of Cardis. Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe The Treaty of Cardis was a peace settlement made in 1661 between Tsardom of Russia and the Swedish Empire. |
| 1662 | July 25 | Copper Riot: In the early morning, a group of Muscovites marched to Kolomenskoye and demanded punishment for the government ministers who had debased Russia's copper currency. The Copper Riot, also known as the Moscow Uprising of 1662 ( Russian: Медный бунт, Московское восстание 1662 года Kolomenskoye (Коло́менское is a former royal estate situated several miles to the south-east of Moscow downtown on the ancient road leading to the town On their arrival, they were countered by the military; a thousand were hanged or drowned. The rest were exiled. |
| 1665 | | Lubomirski's Rokosz: A Polish nobleman launched a rokosz (rebellion) against the king. Lubomirski's Rokosz, or Lubomirski's Rebellion (rokosz Lubomirskiego was a rebellion against Polish King Jan II Kazimierz Vasa, initiated by the Polish nobleman The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Szlachta ( refers to the noble class in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (since 1569 semi-federal semi-confederal A rokosz, originally was a Gathering of all the Polish Szlachta ( Nobility) not merely of deputies for a Sejm |
| The pro-Turkish Cossack noble Petro Doroshenko defeated his pro-Russian adversaries in the Right-bank Ukraine. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern Petro Doroshenko (1627–1698 Петро Дорошенко was a Cossack political and military leader Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine Right-bank Ukraine ( Pravoberezhna Ukrayina; Pravoberezhnaya Ukraina; Prawobrzeżna Ukraina a historical name of a part of Ukraine on the right (west |
| 1667 | | Raskol: A church council anathematized the Old Believers, who rejected Nikon's reforms. Excommunication is a religious Censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community Introductory summary of origins In 1652 Nikon (1605 – 1681 Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church from 1652 to 1658 introduced a number of ritual and textual Nikon ( Russian: Ни́кон, Old Russian Нїконъ) born Nikita Minin ( Никита Минин; May 7, 1605 |
| January 30 | Russo-Polish War (1654–1667): The Treaty of Andrusovo ended the war. Poland agreed to cede the Smoleńsk and Czernihów Voivodships and acknowledged Russian control over the Left-bank Ukraine. Smolensk Voivodeship ( Lithuanian: Smolensko vaivadija, Polish: Województwo Smoleńskie) was a unit of administrative division and local Left-bank Ukraine ( Livoberezhna Ukrayina; Levoberezhnaya Ukraina; Lewobrzeżna Ukraina is a historic name of the part of Ukraine on the left (East |
| 1669 | | Doroshenko signed a treaty which recognized his state as a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire. Petro Doroshenko (1627–1698 Петро Дорошенко was a Cossack political and military leader Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine The term vassal state commonly refers to any state that was subordinate to another in the pre-modern international system The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish |
| 1670 | | The Cossack Stenka Razin began a rebellion against the Russian government. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern For the place in Azerbaijan see Stepan Razin Azerbaijan. Stepan (Sten'ka Timofeyevich Razin ( Russian: Степан (Стенька |
| 1671 | | Razin was captured, tortured, and quartered in Red Square on the Lobnoye Mesto. For the place in Azerbaijan see Stepan Razin Azerbaijan. Stepan (Sten'ka Timofeyevich Razin ( Russian: Степан (Стенька Red Square ( Красная площадь, Krasnaya ploshchad) is the most famous City square in Moscow, and arguably one of the most Lobnoye mesto (Лобное место is a 13-meter-long stone Platform situated on Red Square in Moscow in front of Saint Basil's Cathedral |
| 1674 | | The Cossacks of the Right-bank Ukraine elected the pro-Russian Ivan Samoylovych, Hetman of the Left-bank Ukraine, to replace Doroshenko and become the Hetman of a unified Ukraine. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern Right-bank Ukraine ( Pravoberezhna Ukrayina; Pravoberezhnaya Ukraina; Prawobrzeżna Ukraina a historical name of a part of Ukraine on the right (west Ivan Samoylovych (Іван Самойлович was the Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine from 1672 to 1687 Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the Monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland, Ukraine and Grand Left-bank Ukraine ( Livoberezhna Ukrayina; Levoberezhnaya Ukraina; Lewobrzeżna Ukraina is a historic name of the part of Ukraine on the left (East Petro Doroshenko (1627–1698 Петро Дорошенко was a Cossack political and military leader Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine |
| 1676 | | Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681): The Ottoman army joined Doroshenko's forces in an attack on the Left-bank city of Chyhyryn. The Russo–Turkish War of 1676–1681, a war between the Russian and Ottoman Empires caused by the spreading Turkish Aggression in the The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Petro Doroshenko (1627–1698 Петро Дорошенко was a Cossack political and military leader Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine Left-bank Ukraine ( Livoberezhna Ukrayina; Levoberezhnaya Ukraina; Lewobrzeżna Ukraina is a historic name of the part of Ukraine on the left (East Chyhyryn (Чигирин Чигирин translit Chigirin; Czehryń Çehrin is a city located in Cherkasy Oblast of central Ukraine |
| January 29 | Alexis died. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov (Алексей Михайлович ( March 9, 1629 (O His son Feodor III became tsar. Feodor (Theodore III Alexeevich of Russia (In Russian: Фёдор III Алексеевич) ( June 9, 1661 - May 7, 1682 |
| 1680 | | Russo-Crimean Wars: The Crimean invasions of Russia ended. The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Qırım Hanlığı|قريم خانلغى Крымское ханство - Krymskoye khanstvo; |
| 1681 | January 3 | Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681): The war ended with the Treaty of Bakhchisarai. The Treaty of Bakhchisarai was signed in Bakhchisaray after the Russo-Turkish War (1676-1681 on January 3, 1681 by Russia, the The Russo-Turkish border was settled at the Dnieper River. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish For the rocket see Dnepr rocket. For other uses see Dnieper (disambiguation. |
| 1682 | | Feodor abolished the mestnichestvo, an ancient, unmeritocratic system of making political appointments. Feodor (Theodore III Alexeevich of Russia (In Russian: Фёдор III Алексеевич) ( June 9, 1661 - May 7, 1682 In Russian history Mestnichesvo ( Russian: Местничество - Mestnichestvo) was a Feudal Hierarchical system in Russia from |
| April 14 | Avvakum, the most prominent leader of the Old Believer movement, was burned at the stake. Avvakum Petrov (Kondratiev (Аввакум Петров (Кондратьев ( November 20, 1620 or 1621 - April 14, 1682) was a Introductory summary of origins In 1652 Nikon (1605 – 1681 Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church from 1652 to 1658 introduced a number of ritual and textual |
| April 27 | Feodor died with no children. Feodor (Theodore III Alexeevich of Russia (In Russian: Фёдор III Алексеевич) ( June 9, 1661 - May 7, 1682 Peter I, The Great, Alexis's son by his second wife Natalia Naryshkina, was declared tsar. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov (Алексей Михайлович ( March 9, 1629 (O Natalia Kirillovna Naryshkina ( Russian: Наталья Кирилловна Нарышкина September 1, 1651 &ndash February 4, 1694 His mother became regent. |
| May 17 | Moscow Uprising of 1682: Streltsy regiments belonging to the faction of Alexis's first wife, Maria Miloslavskaya, took over the Kremlin, executed Naryshkina's brothers, and declared Miloslavskaya's invalid son Ivan V the "senior tsar," with Peter remaining on the throne as the junior. Moscow Uprising of 1682, also known as Streltsy Uprising of 1682 (Стрелецкий бунт was an uprising of the Moscow Streltsy Streltsy (Стрельцы were the units of Russian guardsmen ( sl Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov (Алексей Михайлович ( March 9, 1629 (O Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya (Мария Ильинична Милославская 1625-1669 was the first wife of tsar Alexis I of Russia and mother of the tsars The Moscow Kremlin ( Russian: Московский Кремль Moskovskiy Kreml) usually referred to as simply The Kremlin, is a historic fortified Natalia Kirillovna Naryshkina ( Russian: Наталья Кирилловна Нарышкина September 1, 1651 &ndash February 4, 1694 Ivan V Alekseyevich Romanov ( Russian: Иван V Алексеевич, —) was a joint Tsar of Russia (with his younger half-brother Miloslavkaya's eldest daughter Sophia Alekseyevna became regent. Sophia Alekseyevna ( Anglicization of Russian Царевна Софья Алексеевна Sofia Alekseyevna) ( September 17 (27 1657 &ndash |
| 1687 | May | Crimean campaigns: The Russian army launched an invasion against an Ottoman vassal, the Crimean Khanate. Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689 ( Крымские походы in Russian) military campaigns of the Russian army against the Crimean Khanate The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Qırım Hanlığı|قريم خانلغى Крымское ханство - Krymskoye khanstvo; |
| June 17 | Crimean campaigns: Faced with a burned steppe incapable of feeding their horses, the Russians turned back. |
| 1689 | June | Fyodor Shaklovity, the head of the Streltsy Department, persuaded Alekseyevna to proclaim herself tsarina and attempted to ignite a new rebellion in her support. Fyodor Leontiyevich Shaklovity ( Russian: Фëдор Леонтьевич Шакловитый (? -, Moscow) was a Russian Diplomat best known Streltsy Department or Streletsky Prikaz (Стрелецкий приказ in Russian) was one of the main Governmental bodies in Russia Sophia Alekseyevna ( Anglicization of Russian Царевна Софья Алексеевна Sofia Alekseyevna) ( September 17 (27 1657 &ndash The streltsy instead defected in support of Peter. Streltsy (Стрельцы were the units of Russian guardsmen ( sl |
| October 11 | Shaklovity was executed. Fyodor Leontiyevich Shaklovity ( Russian: Фëдор Леонтьевич Шакловитый (? -, Moscow) was a Russian Diplomat best known |
| 1696 | January 29 | Ivan died. Ivan V Alekseyevich Romanov ( Russian: Иван V Алексеевич, —) was a joint Tsar of Russia (with his younger half-brother |
| April 23 | Second Azov campaign: The Russian army began its deployment to an important Ottoman fortress, Azov. Azov campaigns of 1695-1696 ( Азовские походы in Russian) two Russian Military campaigns during the Russo-Turkish War of 1686-1700 The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Azov (Азо́в a'zof is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just sixteen kilometers from the Sea of Azov |
| May 27 | Second Azov campaign: The Russian navy arrived at the sea and blockaded Azov. Azov (Азо́в a'zof is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just sixteen kilometers from the Sea of Azov |
| July 19 | Second Azov campaign: The Ottoman garrison surrendered. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish |
| 1698 | June 6 | Streltsy Uprising: Approximately four thousand streltsy overthrew their commanders and headed to Moscow, where they meant to demand the enthroning of the exiled Sophia Alekseyevna. The Streltsy Uprising of 1698 (Стрелецкое восстание was an uprising of the Moscow Streltsy Regiments Some Russian Streltsy (Стрельцы were the units of Russian guardsmen ( sl Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Sophia Alekseyevna ( Anglicization of Russian Царевна Софья Алексеевна Sofia Alekseyevna) ( September 17 (27 1657 &ndash |
| June 18 | Streltsy Uprising: The rebels were defeated. |
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| Year | Date | Event |
|---|
| 1700 | August 19 | Great Northern War: Russia declared war on Sweden. The Great Northern War (1700-21 was fought between Russia and Sweden for supremacy in the Baltic Sea. Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe |
| October 16 | Adrian, the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, died. Patriarch Adrian ( Адриан in Russian; real name - Андрей, or Andrey ( October 2, 1627 - October 16, 1700 See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure Peter prevented the election of a successor. |
| 1707 | October 8 | Bulavin Rebellion: A small band of Don Cossacks killed a Russian noble searching their territory for tax fugitives. Year 1707 ( MDCCVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Bulavin Rebellion is the name given to a violent civil uprising in Imperial Russia between the years 1707 and 1708 Don Cossacks (Донские казаки were Cossacks who settled along the middle and lower Don. The Russian Nobility (Дворянство Dvoryanstvo) arose in the 14th century and essentially governed Russia until the October Revolution |
| 1708 | July 7 | Bulavin Rebellion: After a series of devastating military reversals, Bulavin was shot by his former followers. Year 1708 ( MDCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a |
| December 18 | An imperial decree divided Russia into eight guberniyas (governates). Guberniya (губе́рния) (also gubernia, guberniia, gubernya) was a major administrative subdivision of Imperial Russia, usually |
| 1709 | June 28 | Battle of Poltava: A decisive Russian military victory over the Swedes at Poltava marked the turning point of the war. Year 1709 ( MDCCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Battle of Poltava (or Pultowa on 28 June 1709 ( 8 July, N Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe Poltava (Полтава Połtawa is a City in central Ukraine. |
| 1710 | October 14 | The Russian guberniyas were divided into lots according to noble population. Year 1710 ( MDCCX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year Guberniya (губе́рния) (also gubernia, guberniia, gubernya) was a major administrative subdivision of Imperial Russia, usually The Russian Nobility (Дворянство Dvoryanstvo) arose in the 14th century and essentially governed Russia until the October Revolution |
| November 20 | Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711): Charles XII of Sweden persuaded the Ottoman sultan to declare war on Russia. The Russo-Turkish War of 1710–1711 was the southernmost theatre of the Great Northern War between Sweden and many of its neighbors The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish |
| 1711 | February 22 | Government reform of Peter I: Peter established the Governing Senate to pass laws in his absence. Year 1711 ( MDCCXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The government reform of Peter I refers to a set of reforms introduced in the Russian political and administrative system during the reign of Peter I of Russia. The Governing Senate (Правительствующий сенат was a legislative judicial and executive body of Russian Monarchs, instated by Peter the Great |
| July 21 | Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711): Peace was concluded with the Treaty of the Pruth. Russia returned Azov to the Ottoman Empire and demolished the town of Taganrog. Azov (Азо́в a'zof is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just sixteen kilometers from the Sea of Azov The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Taganrog (Таганро́г təgʌnˈrok is a seaport city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the north shore of Taganrog |
| 1713 | May 8 | The Russian capital was moved from Moscow to Saint Petersburg. Year 1713 ( MDCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River |
| July 17 | The Riga Governorate was established on the conquered territory of Swedish Livonia. The Governorate of Livonia (Vidzemes guberņa Liivimaa kubermang Лифляндская губерния Livländisches Gouvernement or Livland, also known as the |
| The territory of the Smolensk Governorate was divided between the Moscow and Riga Governorates. The Smolensk Governate (Смоле́нская губе́рния or Government of Smolensk was a Governorate ( Guberniya) of the The Governorate of Livonia (Vidzemes guberņa Liivimaa kubermang Лифляндская губерния Livländisches Gouvernement or Livland, also known as the |
| 1714 | January 15 | The northwestern territory of the Kazan Governorate was transferred to the newly established Nizhny Novgorod Governorate. Year 1714 ( MDCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Kazan Governorate (Каза́нская губе́рния; Tatar: Qazan gubernası / Казан губернасы; Chuvash: Хусан кěперниě |
| 1715 | October 11 | Peter demanded that his son, the tsarevich Alexei Petrovich, endorse his reforms or renounce his right to the throne. Year 1715 ( MDCCXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Alexei Petrovich Romanov (Алексей Петрович ( &ndash) was a Russian Tsarevich. |
| 1716 | | Alexei fled to Vienna to avoid military service. Year 1716 ( MDCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Alexei Petrovich Romanov (Алексей Петрович ( &ndash) was a Russian Tsarevich. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. |
| 1717 | November 22 | The Astrakhan Governorate was formed on the southern lands of Kazan Governorate. Year 1717 ( MDCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Kazan Governorate (Каза́нская губе́рния; Tatar: Qazan gubernası / Казан губернасы; Chuvash: Хусан кěперниě |
| The territory of the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate was reincorporated into the Kazan Governorate. The Kazan Governorate (Каза́нская губе́рния; Tatar: Qazan gubernası / Казан губернасы; Chuvash: Хусан кěперниě |
| December 12 | Government reform of Peter I: Peter established collegia, government ministries that superseded the prikazy. See also Collegium (disambiguation for other meanings The collegia were government departments in Imperial Russia, established Prikaz (приказ was an administrative (palace civil military or church or judicial office in Muscovy and Russia of 15th-18th centuries |
| 1718 | January 31 | Alexei returned to Moscow under a promise he would not be harmed. Year 1718 ( MDCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Alexei Petrovich Romanov (Алексей Петрович ( &ndash) was a Russian Tsarevich. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of |
| February 18 | After torture, Alexei publicly renounced the throne and implicated a number of reactionaries in a conspiracy to overthrow his father. Alexei Petrovich Romanov (Алексей Петрович ( &ndash) was a Russian Tsarevich. |
| June 13 | Alexei was put on trial for treason. Alexei Petrovich Romanov (Алексей Петрович ( &ndash) was a Russian Tsarevich. |
| June 26 | Alexei died after torture in the Peter and Paul Fortress. Alexei Petrovich Romanov (Алексей Петрович ( &ndash) was a Russian Tsarevich. The Peter and Paul Fortress (Петропа́вловская кре́пость Petropavlovskaya Krepost) is the original Citadel of St |
| 1719 | May 29 | Lots were abolished; the guberniyas were divided instead into provinces, each governed and taxed under a preexisting elected office (the Voyevoda). Year 1719 ( MDCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Guberniya (губе́рния) (also gubernia, guberniia, gubernya) was a major administrative subdivision of Imperial Russia, usually A voivode or waywode is a Slavic title that originally denoted the principal commander of a military force Provinces were further divided into districts, replacing the old uyezds. Uyezd or uezd (уе́зд uˈjɛst was an admistrative subdivision of Rus', Muscovy, and Russian Empire used from the 13th century originally The district commissars were to be elected by local gentry. |
| The Nizhny Novgorod Governorate was reestablished. |
| The Reval Governorate was established on the conquered territory of Swedish Estonia. The Governorate of Est(honia (Эстляндская губерния or Estlyandskaya guberniya) or Estland, also known as the Government of Estonia |
| 1721 | January 25 | Peter established the Holy Synod, a body of ten clergymen chaired by a secular official, that was to head the Russian Orthodox Church in lieu of the Patriarch of Moscow. Year 1721 ( MDCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Most Holy Governing Synod (Святейший Правительствующий Синод was the highest governing body of the Russian Orthodox Church between 1721 and See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure |
| August 30 | Great Northern War: The Treaty of Nystad ended the war. The Great Northern War (1700-21 was fought between Russia and Sweden for supremacy in the Baltic Sea. The Treaty of Nystad (Ништадтский мир Uudenkaupungin rauha was signed in 1721 in the then Swedish town of Nystad (which is called Uusikaupunki Sweden ceded Estonia, Livonia and Ingria to Russia. Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe |
| October 22 | Peter was declared Emperor. |
| 1722 | | Peter introduced the Table of Ranks, which granted the privileges of nobility based on state service. Year 1722 ( MDCCXXII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Table of Ranks (Табель о рангах Tabel o rangakh was a formal list of positions and ranks in the military government and court of Imperial Russia. The Russian Nobility (Дворянство Dvoryanstvo) arose in the 14th century and essentially governed Russia until the October Revolution |
| July | Russo-Persian War (1722-1723): A Russian military expedition sailed in support of the independence of two Christian kingdoms, Kartli and Armenia. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Kartli (ქართლი is the largest and most populated province of Eastern Georgia. Persian Armenia corresponds to the Armenian territory controlled by Persia throughout history |
| 1723 | September 12 | Russo-Persian War (1722-1723): The Persian shah signed a peace treaty ceding the cities of Derbent and Baku and the provinces of Shirvan, Guilan, Mazandaran and Astrabad to the Russian Empire. Year 1723 ( MDCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Derbent (Дербе́нт Azeri: Dərbənd; Lezgian: Дербент Avar: Дербенд; Persian: دربند Darband Baku (Bakı sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakü, is the capital the largest city and the largest port of Azerbaijan Shirvan (Şirvan شروان also spelled as Shervan or Shirwan, is a historical region in the Caucasus and part of present-day Republic of Azerbaijan Mazandaran is a Caspian Gorgan ( Persian: گرگان Caspian: Vergen is the capital of the Golestan Province, Iran. |
| 1725 | January 28 | Peter died of urinary problems. Year 1725 ( MDCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a He failed to name a successor; one of Peter's closest advisers, Aleksandr Menshikov, convinced the Imperial Guard to declare in favor of Peter's wife Catherine I. Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov (Александр Данилович Меншиков (1673 &ndash 1729 was a Russian statesman whose official titles included Generalissimo Leib Guard (Ле́йб-гва́рдия from German Leib, meaning body; cf Life Guards) were military units serving as personal guards Yekaterina (Catherine I Alexeyevna (In Russian: Екатерина I Алексеевна (born Martha Elena Scowronska, Marta Elena Skavronska later |
| 1726 | | The Smolensk Governorate was reestablished. Year 1726 ( MDCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Smolensk Governate (Смоле́нская губе́рния or Government of Smolensk was a Governorate ( Guberniya) of the |
| February 8 | Catherine established an advisory body, the Supreme Privy Council. Yekaterina (Catherine I Alexeyevna (In Russian: Екатерина I Алексеевна (born Martha Elena Scowronska, Marta Elena Skavronska later The Supreme Privy Council of Imperial Russia was founded on 8 February 1726 as a body of advisors to Catherine I. |
| 1727 | | Catherine established the Belgorod and Novgorod Governorates and adjusted the borders of several others. Year 1727 ( MDCCXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Yekaterina (Catherine I Alexeyevna (In Russian: Екатерина I Алексеевна (born Martha Elena Scowronska, Marta Elena Skavronska later Districts were abolished; uyezds were reestablished. Uyezd or uezd (уе́зд uˈjɛst was an admistrative subdivision of Rus', Muscovy, and Russian Empire used from the 13th century originally |
| May 17 | Catherine died. Yekaterina (Catherine I Alexeyevna (In Russian: Екатерина I Алексеевна (born Martha Elena Scowronska, Marta Elena Skavronska later |
| May 18 | According to Catherine's wishes the eleven-year-old Peter II, the son of Alexei Petrovich and grandson of Peter the Great, became tsar. Yekaterina (Catherine I Alexeyevna (In Russian: Екатерина I Алексеевна (born Martha Elena Scowronska, Marta Elena Skavronska later Pyotr (Peter II Alekseyevich ( Russian: Пётр II Алексеевич or Pyotr II Alekseyevich) ( October 23, 1715 &ndash January Alexei Petrovich Romanov (Алексей Петрович ( &ndash) was a Russian Tsarevich. The Supreme Privy Council was to hold power during his minority. The Supreme Privy Council of Imperial Russia was founded on 8 February 1726 as a body of advisors to Catherine I. |
| September 9 | The conservative members of the Supreme Privy Council expelled its most powerful member, the liberal Menshikov. The Supreme Privy Council of Imperial Russia was founded on 8 February 1726 as a body of advisors to Catherine I. Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov (Александр Данилович Меншиков (1673 &ndash 1729 was a Russian statesman whose official titles included Generalissimo |
| 1730 | January 30 | Peter died of smallpox. Year 1730 ( MDCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pyotr (Peter II Alekseyevich ( Russian: Пётр II Алексеевич or Pyotr II Alekseyevich) ( October 23, 1715 &ndash January |
| February 1 | The Supreme Privy Council offered the throne to Anna Ivanovna, the daughter of Ivan V, on the conditions that the Council retain the powers of war and peace and taxation, among others, and that she never marry or appoint an heir. The Supreme Privy Council of Imperial Russia was founded on 8 February 1726 as a body of advisors to Catherine I. Anna Ivanovna (Анна Иоанновна Anna Ioannovna) ( Moscow –) reigned as Duchess of Courland from 1711 to 1730 and as Empress of Russia Ivan V Alekseyevich Romanov ( Russian: Иван V Алексеевич, —) was a joint Tsar of Russia (with his younger half-brother |
| March 4 | Anna tore up the terms of her accession and dissolved the Supreme Privy Council. Anna Ivanovna (Анна Иоанновна Anna Ioannovna) ( Moscow –) reigned as Duchess of Courland from 1711 to 1730 and as Empress of Russia The Supreme Privy Council of Imperial Russia was founded on 8 February 1726 as a body of advisors to Catherine I. |
| 1736 | May 20 | Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739): The Russian army captured the Ottoman fortifications at Perekop. Year 1736 ( MDCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Russo–Turkish War of 1735–1739, a war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, caused by intensified contradictions over the results of the War of the Polish The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Isthmus of Perekop (Перекопський перешийок translit |
| June 19 | Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739): The Russians captured Azov. Azov (Азо́в a'zof is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just sixteen kilometers from the Sea of Azov |
| 1737 | July | Russo-Turkish War (1735-1739): Austria joined the war on the Russian side. Year 1737 ( MDCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor |
| 1739 | August 21 | Russo-Turkish War (1735-1739): Austria agreed by the Treaty of Belgrade to end its participation in the war. Year 1739 ( MDCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor The Treaty of Belgrade (Белградский мир was the peace treaty signed on September 18, 1739 in Belgrade, Serbia, by the Ottoman |
| September 18 | Russo-Turkish War (1735-1739): The Treaty of Nissa ended the war. The Treaty of Nissa is a peace treaty signed on October 3, 1739 in Nissa (ancient Nyssa, in Cappadocia) by the Ottoman Empire Russia gave up its claims on Crimea and Moldavia and its navy was barred from the Black Sea. Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey |
| 1740 | October 17 | Anna died of kidney disease. Year 1740 ( MDCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Anna Ivanovna (Анна Иоанновна Anna Ioannovna) ( Moscow –) reigned as Duchess of Courland from 1711 to 1730 and as Empress of Russia Her will left the throne to her adopted infant son, Ivan VI. Ivan VI Antonovich of Russia (Ivan Antonovich Иоанн VI Иоанн Антонович ( August 23, 1740 - July 16, 1764) reigned |
| October 18 | Anna's lover, Ernst Johann von Biron, was declared regent. Anna Ivanovna (Анна Иоанновна Anna Ioannovna) ( Moscow –) reigned as Duchess of Courland from 1711 to 1730 and as Empress of Russia Ernst Johann von Biron (Ernests Johans Bīrons Эрнст Иоганн Бирон &ndash) was a Baltic German Duke of Courland and Semigallia |
| November 8 | Biron was arrested on the orders of his rival, the Count Burkhard Christoph von Munnich. Ernst Johann von Biron (Ernests Johans Bīrons Эрнст Иоганн Бирон &ndash) was a Baltic German Duke of Courland and Semigallia Ivan's biological mother, Anna Leopoldovna, replaced Biron as regent. Ivan VI Antonovich of Russia (Ivan Antonovich Иоанн VI Иоанн Антонович ( August 23, 1740 - July 16, 1764) reigned Anna Leopoldovna (А́нна Леопо́льдовна (1718 &ndash 18 March, 1746) also known as Anna Karlovna (А́нна Ка́рловна |
| 1741 | August 8 | Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743): Sweden declared war on Russia. Year 1741 ( MDCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Russo-Swedish War of 1741–1743, known as the Hats' Russian War in Sweden and the Hats' War in Finland, which resulted in the Lesser "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. |
| November 25 | Elizabeth, the youngest daughter of Peter the Great, led the Preobrazhensky to the Winter Palace to overthrow the regency of Anna Leopoldovna and install herself as empress. Yelizaveta Petrovna (Елизаве́та (Елисаве́т Петро́вна (December 29 1709 – January 5 1762 (New Style December 18 1709 – December 25 1761 ( See also The movie Russian Ark, an innovative single shot walkthrough with period reenactments spanning three hundred years of court meetings Anna Leopoldovna (А́нна Леопо́льдовна (1718 &ndash 18 March, 1746) also known as Anna Karlovna (А́нна Ка́рловна |
| December 2 | Ivan was imprisoned in the Daugavgriva fortress. Ivan VI Antonovich of Russia (Ivan Antonovich Иоанн VI Иоанн Антонович ( August 23, 1740 - July 16, 1764) reigned Daugavgrīva (Dünamünde Dynemunt Усть-Двинск or Ust`-Dvinsk) was a strong Fortress commanding the mouth of the Daugava, hence |
| 1742 | September 4 | Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743): Encircled by the Russians at Helsinki, the Swedish army surrendered. Year 1742 ( MDCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Helsinki (in Finnish;) or Helsingfors (in Swedish;) is the Capital and largest city of Finland. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. |
| 1743 | August 7 | Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743): The Treaty of Åbo was signed, ending the war. Year 1743 ( MDCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Treaty of Åbo or the Treaty of Turku was a peace Treaty signed between the Russian Empire and Sweden in Turku (Åbo on Russia relinquished most of the conquered territory, keeping only the lands east of the Kymi River. Kymi river ( Finnish: Kymijoki, Swedish: Kymmene älv) is a River in Finland. In exchange Adolf Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp, the uncle of the Russian heir to the throne, was to become King of Sweden. Adolf Frederick (Adolf Fredrik ( 14 May 1710 – 12 February 1771) was King of Sweden from 1751 until his death The monarch is the Head of state of the Kingdom of Sweden. Sweden being a Constitutional monarchy with a Representative democracy based on a |
| 1744 | | The Vyborg Governorate was established on conquered Swedish territories. Year 1744 ( MDCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Old Finland ( Vanha Suomi in Finnish, Gamla Finland in Swedish is a name used for the areas that Russia gained from Sweden in the Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe |
| 1756 | August 29 | Seven Years' War: The Kingdom of Prussia invaded the Austrian protectorate of Saxony. Year 1756 ( MDCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor The Electorate of Saxony (Kurfürstentum Sachsen or Duchy of Upper Saxony was an independent hereditary electorate of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356–1806 |
| 1757 | May 1 | Diplomatic Revolution: Under the Second Treaty of Versailles, Russia joined the Franco-Austrian military alliance. Year 1757 ( MDCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 is a term applied to the reversal of longstanding diplomatic alliances which were upheld until the War of Austrian Succession and then reversed Early Modern France is the Early modern period of French history from the end of the 15th century to the end of the 18th century (or from the French Renaissance Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor |
| May 17 | Seven Years' War: Russian troops entered the war. |
| 1761 | December 25 | The miracle of the House of Brandenburg: Elizabeth died. Year 1761 ( MDCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Miracle of the House of Brandenburg refers to the death of Russia 's Empress Elizabeth (at the age of 52 at the beginning of 1762. Yelizaveta Petrovna (Елизаве́та (Елисаве́т Петро́вна (December 29 1709 – January 5 1762 (New Style December 18 1709 – December 25 1761 ( Her nephew, Peter III, became tsar. Peter III ( February 21, 1728 – July 17, 1762) (Пётр III Фëдорович Pyotr III Fyodorovitch) was Emperor |
| 1762 | May 5 | Seven Years' War: The Treaty of Saint Petersburg ended Russian participation in the war at no territorial gain. Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Treaty of Saint Petersburg was concluded on May 5, 1762 and ended the fighting in the Seven Years War between Prussia and Russia |
| July 17 | Peter was overthrown by the Imperial Guard and replaced with his wife, Catherine II, The Great, on her orders. Peter III ( February 21, 1728 – July 17, 1762) (Пётр III Фëдорович Pyotr III Fyodorovitch) was Emperor Leib Guard (Ле́йб-гва́рдия from German Leib, meaning body; cf Life Guards) were military units serving as personal guards Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years |
| 1764 | July 5 | A group of soldiers attempted to release the imprisoned Ivan VI; he was murdered. Year 1764 ( MDCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Ivan VI Antonovich of Russia (Ivan Antonovich Иоанн VI Иоанн Антонович ( August 23, 1740 - July 16, 1764) reigned |
| 1767 | October 13 | Repnin Sejm: Four Polish senators who opposed the policies of the Russian ambassador Nicholas Repnin were arrested by Russian troops and imprisoned in Kaluga. Year 1767 ( MDCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Repnin Sejm (Sejm Repninowski was a Sejm (session of the Polish Parliament) that took place from 1767 to 1768 in Warsaw, Polish-Lithuanian The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Prince Nikolai Vasilyevich Repnin ( March 11, 1734 NS&ndash May 12, 1801 N Kaluga01 0812 168gjpg|thumb|left|200px|Central Kaluga]]Kaluga01 0812 170g |
| 1768 | February 27 | Repnin Sejm: Delegates of the Sejm adopted a treaty ensuring future Russian influence in Polish internal politics. Year 1768 ( MDCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic |
| February 29 | Polish nobles established the Bar Confederation in order to end Russian influence in their country. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Szlachta ( refers to the noble class in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (since 1569 semi-federal semi-confederal The Bar Confederation ( Polish: Konfederacja barska; 1768&ndash1772 was an association of Polish nobles ( Szlachta) formed at the fortress |
| September 25 | Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774): The Ottoman sultan declared war on Russia. The Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 was a decisive conflict that brought Southern Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, and Crimea within the orbit of the Russian The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish |
| 1771 | September 15 | Plague Riot: A crowd of rioters entered Red Square, broke into the Kremlin and destroyed the Chudov Monastery. Year 1771 ( MDCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Plague Riot ( Чумной бунт in Russian) was a Riot in Moscow in 1771 between September 26 and September Red Square ( Красная площадь, Krasnaya ploshchad) is the most famous City square in Moscow, and arguably one of the most The Moscow Kremlin ( Russian: Московский Кремль Moskovskiy Kreml) usually referred to as simply The Kremlin, is a historic fortified The Chudov Monastery (more formally known as Alexius’ Archangel Michael Monastery) was founded in the Moscow Kremlin in 1358 by Metropolitan Alexius |
| September 17 | Plague Riot: The army suppressed the riot. |
| 1772 | August 5 | The first partition of Poland was announced. Year 1772 ( MDCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Poland lost thirty percent of its territory, which was divided between Prussia, Austria, and Russia. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor |
| 1773 | | Pugachev's Rebellion: The army of the Cossack Yemelyan Pugachev attacked and occupied Samara. Year 1773 ( MDCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Pugachev's Rebellion (or the Cossack Rebellion) was the largest peasant Revolt in Russia 's history The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern Samara (Сама́ра ( Kuybyshev (ru Ку́йбышев from 1935 to 1990 is one of the largest cities in Russia. |
| September 18 | A confederated sejm was forced to ratify the first partition of Poland. Confederated sejm (sejm skonfederowany was a form of Sejm in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the |
| 1774 | July 21 | Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774): The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca was signed. Year 1774 ( MDCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (also spelled Kuchuk Kainarji) was signed on July 21, 1774, in Küçük Kaynarca Dobruja (today Kaynardzha The portion of the Yedisan region east of the Southern Bug river, the Kabarda region in the Caucasus, and several Crimean ports, went to Russia. Yedisan (also Jedisan or Edisan) is a historical region in modern southwestern Ukraine and southeastern Moldova (southern Transnistria Boh redirects here see also BOH tea. The Western Bug or Buh is another river which flows from Ukraine through Poland The Kabardino-Balkar Republic (Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым The Crimean Khanate received independence from the Ottoman Empire, which also declared Russia the protector of Christians on its territory. The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Qırım Hanlığı|قريم خانلغى Крымское ханство - Krymskoye khanstvo; The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings |
| September 14 | Pugachev's Rebellion: Upset with the rebellion's bleak outlook, Pugachev's officers delivered him to the Russians. |
| 1783 | April 8 | The Crimean Khanate was incorporated into the Russian Empire. Year 1783 ( MDCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Qırım Hanlığı|قريم خانلغى Крымское ханство - Krymskoye khanstvo; |
| July 24 | Threatened by the Persian and Ottoman Empires, the kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti signed the Treaty of Georgievsk under which it became a Russian protectorate. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1762-1798 was created in 1762 by the unification of two eastern Georgian kingdoms which had existed independently since the disintegration of The Treaty of Georgievsk (Георгиевский трактат Georgievskiy traktat; გეორგიევსკის ტრაქტატი georgievskis |
| 1788 | | Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792): The Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia and imprisoned her ambassador. Year 1788 ( MDCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap The Russo–Turkish War of 1787–1792 involved a futile attempt by the Ottoman Empire to regain lands lost to Russia in the course of the previous Russo–Turkish The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish |
| June 27 | Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790): The Swedish army playacted a skirmish between themselves and the Russians. The Russo-Swedish War of 1788–90, known as Gustav III's Russian War in Sweden, Gustav III's War in Finland and Catherine II's Swedish "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. |
| July 6 | Battle of Hogland: The Russian navy dispersed a Swedish invasion fleet near Hogland in the Gulf of Finland. The naval Battle of Hogland took place on 17 July ( July 6 OS) 1788 during the Russo-Swedish War (1788-1790. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Hogland ( Russian: Гогланд; Finnish: Suursaari; Swedish: Hogland, Estonian: Suursaar, The Gulf of Finland ( Finnish: Suomenlahti, Russian: Финский залив, Finskiy zaliv, Swedish: Finska viken |
| October 6 | Great Sejm: A confederated sejm was called to restore the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Great Sejm, also known as the Four-Year Sejm ( Polish: respectively Sejm Wielki or Sejm Czteroletni; Lithuanian Didysis Confederated sejm (sejm skonfederowany was a form of Sejm in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic |
| 1790 | August 14 | Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790): The Treaty of Värälä ended the war, with no changes in territory. Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Treaty of Värälä was a Treaty signed in Värälä, Elimäki Municipality, Finland, between Russia (represented by Iosif |
| 1791 | May 3 | Great Sejm: Poland's Constitution of May 3 was ratified in secret. Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic The Constitution of May 3 1791 (Konstytucja Trzeciego Maja Gegužės trečiosios konstitucija Канстытуцыя трэцьега траўня is generally recognized as The new constitution abolished the liberum veto, reducing the power of the nobles and limiting Russia's ability to influence Polish internal politics. Liberum veto ( Latin: I freely forbid) was a parliamentary device in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that allowed any deputy to |
| December 23 | Catherine established the Pale of Settlement, an area in European Russia into which Russian Jews were transported. Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years The Pale of Settlement (Черта́ осе́длости cherta osedlosti) was the term given to a region of Imperial Russia, along its western border in which European Russia refers to the western areas of Russia that lie within Europe, comprising roughly 3960000 km² and spanning across 40% of Europe PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ |
| 1792 | January 9 | Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792): The Treaty of Jassy was signed, ending the war. Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Treaty of Jassy, signed at Jassy ( Iaşi) in Moldavia (presently in Romania) was a pact between the Russian and Ottoman Empires The Russian border in Yedisan was extended to the Dniester river. Yedisan (also Jedisan or Edisan) is a historical region in modern southwestern Ukraine and southeastern Moldova (southern Transnistria The Dniester (Дністер translit Dnister; Nistru is a river in Eastern Europe. |
| May 18 | Polish-Russian War of 1792: The army of the Targowica Confederation, which opposed the liberal Polish Constitution of May 3, invaded Poland. The Targowica Confederation (Konfederacja targowicka was a konfederacja of Polish and Lithuanian Magnates agreed upon on 27 April 1792 in The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic The Constitution of May 3 1791 (Konstytucja Trzeciego Maja Gegužės trečiosios konstitucija Канстытуцыя трэцьега траўня is generally recognized as |
| 1793 | January 23 | Polish-Russian War of 1792: The second partition of Poland left the country with one-third of its 1772 population. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the |
| November 23 | Grodno Sejm: The last sejm of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ratified the second partition. Grodno Sejm (Sejm grodzieński Gardino seimas was the last Sejm (session of parliament of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the |
| 1794 | March 24 | Kościuszko Uprising: An announcement by Tadeusz Kościuszko sparked a nationalist uprising in Poland. Year 1794 ( MDCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Kościuszko Uprising was an uprising led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland and Lithuania in 1794 Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko (; 1746 &ndash 1817 was a Polish and American national hero and general The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic |
| November 4 | Battle of Praga: Russian troops captured the Praga borough of Warsaw and massacred its civilian population. The Battle of Praga or Battle of Warsaw of 1794 was a Russian assault of Praga, the easternmost suburb of Warsaw, during the Kościuszko Praga Łódź Voivodeship In some languages Praga is used as a name for Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. |
| November 5 | Kościuszko Uprising: The uprising ended with the Russian occupation of Warsaw. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. |
| 1795 | September 11 | Battle of Krtsanisi: The Persian army demolished the armed forces of Kartl-Kakheti. Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Battle of Krtsanisi was fought between Persian and Georgian armies at the place of Krtsanisi near Tbilisi, Georgia, from The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1762-1798 was created in 1762 by the unification of two eastern Georgian kingdoms which had existed independently since the disintegration of |
| October 24 | The third partition of Poland divided up the remainder of its territory. The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the |
| 1796 | April | Persian Expedition of 1796: Catherine launched a military expedition to punish Persia for its incursion into the Russian protectorate of Kartl-Kakheti. Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Persian Expedition of Catherine the Great, alongside the Persian Expedition of Peter the Great, was one of the Russo-Persian Wars of the 18th century Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1762-1798 was created in 1762 by the unification of two eastern Georgian kingdoms which had existed independently since the disintegration of |
| November 5 | Catherine suffered a stroke in the bathtub. Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years |
| November 6 | Catherine died. Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years The throne fell to her son, Paul I. Paul (Па́вел I Петро́вич Pavel Petrovich) ( &ndash) was the Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801 |
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|
| 1801 | January 8 | Paul authorized the incorporation of Kartl-Kakheti into the Russian empire. Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday Paul (Па́вел I Петро́вич Pavel Petrovich) ( &ndash) was the Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801 The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1762-1798 was created in 1762 by the unification of two eastern Georgian kingdoms which had existed independently since the disintegration of |
| March 11 | Paul was killed in his bed. Paul (Па́вел I Петро́вич Pavel Petrovich) ( &ndash) was the Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801 |
| March 23 | Paul's son, Alexander I, ascended to the throne. Paul (Па́вел I Петро́вич Pavel Petrovich) ( &ndash) was the Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801 Alexander I of Russia ( Russian: Александр I Павлович / Aleksandr I Pavlovich (23 December 1777 – November 19 1825 served as Emperor of |
| 1802 | | Alexander established the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD). Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Alexander I of Russia ( Russian: Александр I Павлович / Aleksandr I Pavlovich (23 December 1777 – November 19 1825 served as Emperor of |
| 1804 | | Russo-Persian War (1804-1813): Russian forces attacked the Persian settlement of Echmiadzin. Year 1804 ( MDCCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia |
| 1805 | | The Ottoman Empire dismissed the pro-Russian hospodars of its vassal states, Wallachia and Moldavia. Year 1805 ( MDCCCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Hospodar or gospodar is a term of Slavonic origin meaning "lord" or "master" This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians |
| December 26 | War of the Third Coalition: The Treaty of Pressburg ceded Austrian possessions in Dalmatia to France. The War of the Third Coalition in 1805 saw the defeat of an alliance of Austria, Portugal, Russia, and others by France and its client states The Peace of Pressburg refers to four peace treaties concluded in Pressburg (today Bratislava, Slovakia) For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or |
| 1806 | October | To counter the French presence in Dalmatia, Russia invaded Wallachia and Moldavia. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians |
| December 27 | Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812): The Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia. The Russo-Turkish War 1806 – 1812 was one of many wars fought between Imperial Russia and the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish |
| 1807 | June 14 | Battle of Friedland: The Russian army suffered a defeat against the French, suffering twenty thousand dead. Year 1807 ( MDCCCVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Battle of Friedland ( June 14, 1807) saw Napoleon's French army decisively defeat Bennigsen's Russian army about twenty-seven Miles The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or |
| July 7 | The Treaty of Tilsit was signed. The Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by Napoleon I of France in the aftermath of his victory at Friedland in the town of Tilsit Alexander agreed to evacuate Wallachia and Moldavia and ceded the Ionian Islands and Cattaro to the French. Alexander I of Russia ( Russian: Александр I Павлович / Aleksandr I Pavlovich (23 December 1777 – November 19 1825 served as Emperor of This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians This article is about the group of islands west of Greece For the ancient region in western Anatolia see Ionia. Kotor ( Cyrillic script: Котор Acruvium Greek Askrèvion, Ασκρηβιον; Italian Cattaro is a coastal town in Montenegro The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or The treaty ended Russia's conflict with France; Napoleon promised to aid Russia in conflicts with the Ottoman Empire. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish |
| November 16 | Alexander demanded that Sweden close the Baltic Sea to British warships. Alexander I of Russia ( Russian: Александр I Павлович / Aleksandr I Pavlovich (23 December 1777 – November 19 1825 served as Emperor of "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located |
| 1808 | February 21 | Finnish War: Russian troops crossed the Swedish border and captured Hämeenlinna. Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Finnish War was fought between Sweden and Russia from February 1808 to September 1809 "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Hämeenlinna |
| 1809 | March 29 | Diet of Porvoo: The four Estates of Finland swore allegiance to the Russian crown. Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Diet of Porvoo ( Finnish Porvoon maapäivät, or unhistorically Porvoon valtiopäivät; Swedish Borgå landtdag) was the The Estates of the realm were the broad divisions of society usually distinguishing Nobility, Clergy, and Commoners recognized in the Middle Ages The Grand Duchy of Finland (Magnus Ducatus Finlandiæ Великое княжество Финляндское ' Velikoe knjažestvo finljandskoe) was the Predecessor |
| September 17 | Finnish War: The Treaty of Fredrikshamn was signed, ending the war and ceding Finland to the Russian Empire. The Treaty of Fredrikshamn or the Treaty of Hamina was a Peace treaty concluded between Sweden and Imperial Russia on September 17 The Grand Duchy of Finland (Magnus Ducatus Finlandiæ Великое княжество Финляндское ' Velikoe knjažestvo finljandskoe) was the Predecessor |
| 1810 | | The first military settlement was established near Klimovichi. Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Military settlements (Военные поселения represented a special organization of the Russian military forces in 1810–1857 which allowed the combination of Klimavichy (Клiмавiчы Климовичи Klimovichi; Łacinka: Klimavičy is a city in the western |
| January 1 | Alexander established the State Council, which received the executive powers of the Governing Senate. Alexander I of Russia ( Russian: Александр I Павлович / Aleksandr I Pavlovich (23 December 1777 – November 19 1825 served as Emperor of The State Council ("Государственный Совет" was the supreme state advisory body to the Tsar in Imperial Russia. The Governing Senate (Правительствующий сенат was a legislative judicial and executive body of Russian Monarchs, instated by Peter the Great |
| February 20 | The Russian government proclaimed the deposition of Solomon II from the throne of Imereti. Solomon II (სოლომონ II ( 1772 - February 7, 1815) of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was the last King of Imereti (western The Kingdom of Imereti (იმერეთის სამეფო was established in 1455 by a member of the house of Bagration when the Kingdom of Georgia |
| 1811 | March 27 | Regional military companies were merged into the Internal Guard. Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Internal Troops, full name Internal Troops of the Ministry for Internal Affairs (MVD ( Russian: Внутренние войска Министерства |
| 1812 | May 28 | Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812): The Treaty of Bucharest ended the war and transferred Bessarabia to Russia. Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Treaty of Bucharest between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, was signed on May 28, 1812 in Bucharest at the end Bessarabia ( Basarabia in Romanian, Бесарабія in Ukrainian, Бессарабия in Russian, Бесарабия in Bulgarian |
| June 24 | French invasion of Russia (1812): The French army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The French invasion of Russia in 1812 was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars. The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or "Nieman" and "Niemen" redirects here For other uses see Neman and Nieman (disambiguation. |
| September 14 | French invasion of Russia (1812): The French army entered a deserted Moscow, the high-water mark of their invasion. The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of |
| December 14 | French invasion of Russia (1812): The last French troops were forced off of Russian territory. The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or |
| 1813 | October 24 | Russo-Persian War (1804-1813): According to the Treaty of Gulistan, the Persian Empire ceded its Transcaucasian territories to Russia. Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Treaty of Gulistan (Гюлистанский договор Persian: عهدنامه گلستان was a Peace treaty concluded between Imperial Russia The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The South Caucasus is a mountainous geopolitical area of south-central Eurasia, also referred to as Transcaucasia, or The Transcaucasus. |
| 1815 | June 9 | Congress of Vienna: The territory of the Duchy of Warsaw was divided between Prussia, Russia, and three newly established states: the Grand Duchy of Posen, the Free City of Kraków and Congress Poland. Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich The Duchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie Duché de Varsovie Herzogtum Warschau Варшавское герцогство was a Polish state established by Napoleon The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising The Grand Duchy of Posen (Großherzogtum Posen Wielkie Księstwo Poznańskie was an autonomous province of the Kingdom of Prussia in the Polish lands commonly known as " The Free Independent and Strictly Neutral City of Kraków (Cracow with its Territory Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye The latter was a constitutional monarchy with Alexander as its king. Alexander I of Russia ( Russian: Александр I Павлович / Aleksandr I Pavlovich (23 December 1777 – November 19 1825 served as Emperor of |
| 1825 | November 19 | Alexander died of typhus. Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Alexander I of Russia ( Russian: Александр I Павлович / Aleksandr I Pavlovich (23 December 1777 – November 19 1825 served as Emperor of The army swore allegiance to his eldest brother, the Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich. Constantine Pavlovich Romanov (Константи́н Па́влович Рома́нов Constantine, however, following Alexander's choice of successor, swore allegiance to his younger brother, Nicholas I. |
| December 12 | Under pressure from Constantine, Nicholas published Alexander's succession manifesto. Constantine Pavlovich Romanov (Константи́н Па́влович Рома́нов Alexander I of Russia ( Russian: Александр I Павлович / Aleksandr I Pavlovich (23 December 1777 – November 19 1825 served as Emperor of |
| December 14 | Decembrist revolt: Three thousand soldiers gathered at the Senate Square in Saint Petersburg, and declared their loyalty to Constantine and to the idea of a Russian constitution. Decembrists Square or Ploshchad Dekabristov (Площадь Декабристов is a historic City square in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Constantine Pavlovich Romanov (Константи́н Па́влович Рома́нов When talk failed, the tsarist army dispersed the demonstrators with artillery, killing at least sixty. |
| 1826 | | An imperial decree established the Second Section of His Majesty's Own Chancery, concerned with codifying and publishing the law, and the Third Section, which operated as the Empire's secret police. For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery or HIM Own Chancery (Собственная Его Императорского Величества канцелярия Собственная The Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery ( Russian: Tretiye Otdeleniye, or III отделение собственной Е |
| July | Nicholas established the office of Chief of Gendarmes, in charge of the Gendarmerie units of the Internal Guard. A gendarmerie or gendarmery (dʒɛnˈdɑrməriː or /ˌʒɑndɑrməˈriː/ after the French is a Military body charged with Police duties among civilian Internal Troops, full name Internal Troops of the Ministry for Internal Affairs (MVD ( Russian: Внутренние войска Министерства |
| July 16 | Russo-Persian War (1826-1828): The Persian army invaded the Russian-owned Talysh Khanate. The Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828 was the last major military conflict between the Russian Empire and the Persian Empire. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The Talysh khanate was one of many semi-independent principalities that existed on the territory of modern Azerbaijan Republic between 1747 and 1813 |
| 1828 | February 21 | Russo-Persian War (1826-1828) Facing the possibility of a Russian conquest of Tehran, Persia signed the Treaty of Turkmenchay. The year 1828 ( MDCCCXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The Treaty of Turkmenchay (Туркманчайский договор Persian: عهدنامه ترکمنچای was a treaty negotiated in Turkmenchay by which |
| May | The Russian army occupied Wallachia. This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania |
| June | Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829): The Russian armed forces crossed into Dobruja, an Ottoman territory. The Russo–Turkish War of 1828–1829 was sparked by the Greek War of Independence. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish |
| 1829 | September 14 | Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829): The Treaty of Adrianople was signed, ceding the eastern shore of the Black Sea and the mouth of the Danube to the Russians. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display The Peace Treaty of Adrianople (also called the Treaty of Edirne) concluded the Russo-Turkish War 1828-1829 between Russia and the Ottoman Empire The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj |
| 1830 | November 29 | November Uprising: A group of Polish nationalists attacked Belweder Palace, the seat of the Governor-General. For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display The November Uprising (1830&ndash1831&mdashalso known as the Cadet Revolution &mdashwas an armed rebellion against the rule of the Russian Empire in Poland Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye Belweder (/bɛlvɛdɛr/ Polish: Pałac Belwederski, Belweder Palace from the Italian bello and vedere — "beautiful" |
| 1831 | January 25 | November Uprising: An act of the Sejm dethroned Nicholas from the Polish crown. Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye |
| January 29 | November Uprising: A new government took office in Poland. Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye |
| February 4 | November Uprising: Russian troops crossed the Polish border. Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye |
| September | Battle of Warsaw (1831): The Russian army captured Warsaw, ending the November Uprising. The Battle of Warsaw was fought in September 1831 between Russia and Poland. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. The November Uprising (1830&ndash1831&mdashalso known as the Cadet Revolution &mdashwas an armed rebellion against the rule of the Russian Empire in Poland |
| 1836 | | The Gendarmerie of the Internal Guard was spun off as the Special Corps of Gendarmes. Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap A gendarmerie or gendarmery (dʒɛnˈdɑrməriː or /ˌʒɑndɑrməˈriː/ after the French is a Military body charged with Police duties among civilian Internal Troops, full name Internal Troops of the Ministry for Internal Affairs (MVD ( Russian: Внутренние войска Министерства The Special Corps of Gendarmes (Отдельный корпус жандармов was the uniformed Security police of the Russian Empire in the 19th and early 20th |
| 1852 | December | The Ottoman sultan confirmed the supremacy of France and the Catholic Church over Christians in the Holy Land. Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Second French Empire or Second Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870 between the Second Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings For other uses see Israel (disambiguation The Land of Israel ( Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Eretz Yisrael) is |
| 1853 | July 3 | Russia invaded the Ottoman provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia. Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians |
| October 4 | Crimean War: The Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia. The Crimean War, also known in Russia as the Eastern War (Восточная война Vostochnaya Vojna) (March 1854–February 1856 was fought The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish |
| 1854 | March 28 | Crimean War: Britain and France declared war on Russia. Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 The Second French Empire or Second Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870 between the Second |
| August | Crimean War: In order to prevent the Austrian Empire entering the war, Russia evacuated Wallachia and Moldavia. For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries. This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians |
| 1855 | February 18 | Nicholas died. Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year His son, Alexander II, became tsar. Alexander (Aleksandr II Nikolaevich (Александр II Николаевич ( Moscow, 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881 in St |
| 1856 | March 30 | Crimean War: The Treaty of Paris was signed, officially ending the war. Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Treaty of Paris of 1856 settled the Crimean War between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the Kingdom of Sardinia, France The Black Sea was demilitarized. The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey Russia lost territory it had been granted at the mouth of the Danube, abandoned claims to protect Turkish Christians, and lost its influence over the Danubian Principalities. The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Danubian Principalities (Principatele Dunărene was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the |
| 1857 | | The last military settlements were disbanded. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Military settlements (Военные поселения represented a special organization of the Russian military forces in 1810–1857 which allowed the combination of |
| 1858 | May 28 | The Treaty of Aigun was signed, pushing the Russo-Chinese border east to the Amur river. Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Treaty of Aigun was the Russian Chinese treaty that established the modern borders of the Russian Far East and northern China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National |
| 1860 | October 18 | The Convention of Peking transferred the Ussuri krai from China to Russia. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting The Convention of Peking or the First Convention of Peking is the name used for three different treaties which were concluded between Qing China and the Ussuri krai (Уссури́йский край is an unofficial name for a part of Primorsky Krai that consisted of Ussuri and South-Ussuri Okrugs The name was often China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National |
| 1861 | February 19 | Emancipation reform of 1861: Alexander issued a manifesto emancipating the serfs. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Emancipation Reform of 1861 in Russia was the first and most important of liberal reforms affected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia. Alexander (Aleksandr II Nikolaevich (Александр II Николаевич ( Moscow, 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881 in St |
| 1863 | January 22 | January Uprising: An anti-Russian uprising began in Poland. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The January Uprising ( Polish: powstanie styczniowe, Lithuanian: 1863 m Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye |
| 1864 | January 1 | Zemstva were established for the local self-government of Russian citizens. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Zemstvo ( Russian: Земство was a form of Local government instituted during the great liberal reforms performed in Imperial Russia by Alexander |
| May 1 | The Russian army began an incursion into the Khanate of Kokand. The Khanate of Kokand ( Uzbek: Qo'qon Xonligi) was a state in Central Asia that existed from 1709&ndash1876 within the territory of modern Uzbekistan |
| May 21 | Caucasian War: Alexander declared the war over. Alexander (Aleksandr II Nikolaevich (Александр II Николаевич ( Moscow, 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881 in St |
| August 5 | January Uprising: Romuald Traugutt, the dictator of the rebellion, was hanged. Romuald Traugutt ( 16 January, 1826 - 5 August, 1864) was a Polish General and war hero best known for commanding |
| November 20 | Judicial reform of Alexander II: A royal decree introduced new laws unifying and liberalizing the Russian judiciary. The judicial reform of Alexander II is generally considered one of the most successful and the most consistent (along with the military reform of all the reforms of Alexander |
| 1865 | June 17 | The Russian army captured Tashkent. Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year |
| 1867 | | The conquered territories of Central Asia became a separate Guberniya, the Russian Turkestan. Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Turkestan (literally meaning "Land of the Turks" is a region in Central Asia, which today is largely inhabited by Turkic peoples. Guberniya (губе́рния) (also gubernia, guberniia, gubernya) was a major administrative subdivision of Imperial Russia, usually Russian Turkestan ( Russian: Русский Туркестан also known as Turkestansky Krai (Туркестанский край was Turkestan within |
| March 30 | Alaska purchase: Russia agreed to the sale of Alaska to the United States of America. The Alaska Purchase (otherwise known as Seward's Folly or Seward's Icebox) by the United States from the Russian Empire occurred in 1867 at the behest Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent The United States of America —commonly referred to as the |
| 1868 | | The Khanate of Kokand became a Russian vassal state. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The Khanate of Kokand ( Uzbek: Qo'qon Xonligi) was a state in Central Asia that existed from 1709&ndash1876 within the territory of modern Uzbekistan The term vassal state commonly refers to any state that was subordinate to another in the pre-modern international system |
| 1870 | | Municipal dumas were established. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A Duma (Ду́ма is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history |
| 1873 | | The Narodnik rebellion began. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Narodniks (Народничество was the name for Russian revolutionaries of the 1860s and 1870s |
| The Emirate of Bukhara became a Russian protectorate. The Emirate of Bukhara ( Buxoro Amirligi; Аморати Бухоро was a Central Asian state that existed from 1785 to 1920 |
| May 18 | Khiva was captured by Russian troops. Khiva ( Uzbek: Xiva, Хива; Хива Khiva; Persian: خیوه Khiveh) Alternative or historical names include |
| August 12 | A peace treaty was signed that established the Khanate of Khiva as a quasi-independent Russian protectorate. The Khanate of Khiva (Xiva Xonligi was the name of a Central Asian state that existed in the historical region of Khwarezm from 1515 to 1920 except Persian occupation by |
| 1876 | March | The Khanate of Kokand was incorporated into the Russian Empire. Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Khanate of Kokand ( Uzbek: Qo'qon Xonligi) was a state in Central Asia that existed from 1709&ndash1876 within the territory of modern Uzbekistan |
| April 20 | April Uprising: Bulgarian nationalists attacked the Ottoman police headquarters in Oborishte. The April Uprising (Априлско въстание Aprilsko vastanie) was an insurrection organised by the Bulgarians in the Ottoman Empire from April The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Oborishte ( Оборище in Bulgarian is a village located at 9 km west of Panagyurishte, Bulgaria. |
| May | Alexander signed the Ems Ukaz, banning the use of the Ukrainian language in print. Alexander (Aleksandr II Nikolaevich (Александр II Николаевич ( Moscow, 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881 in St The Ems Ukaz, or Ems Ukase (Эмский указ Emskiy ukaz; Емський указ Ems’kyy ukaz) was a secret decree ( Ukaz Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. |
| July 8 | A secret treaty prepared for the division of the Balkans between Russia and Austria-Hungary, depending on the outcome of local revolutionary movements. |
| December 6 | Kazan demonstration: A political demonstration in front of the Kazan Cathedral in Saint Petersburg marked the appearance of the revolutionary group Land and Liberty. The Kazan demonstration of 1876 ( Казанская демонстрация 1876 года in Russian) was the first political demonstration in Russia Kazan Cathedral or Kazanskiy Kafedralniy Sobor (Каза́нский кафедра́льный собо́р is a name of several Russian churches Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Land and Liberty, was a Russian Clandestine Revolutionary organization of Narodniki (middle- or upper-class revolutionaries attempting to spread |
| 1877 | February | The Trial of the 193 occurred, punishing the participants of the Narodnik rebellion. Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Narodniks (Народничество was the name for Russian revolutionaries of the 1860s and 1870s |
| April 24 | Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878): Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in a rise in nationalism in the Balkans as well as in the Russian goal of recovering territorial losses it had suffered The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish |
| 1878 | March 3 | Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878): The Treaty of San Stephano was signed, concluding the war and transferring Northern Dobruja and some Caucasian territories into Russian hands. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Preliminary Treaty of San Stefano was a treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire signed at the end of the Russo-Turkish War 1877–78. Northern Dobruja (Dobrogea Северна Добруджа Severna Dobrudzha) is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania. The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East Several Slavic states, Montenegro, Serbia, Romania, and Bulgaria, received independence or autonomy. Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! The Serbian Principality (Serbian Кнежевина Србија Kneževina Srbija) was a state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Danubian Principalities (Principatele Dunărene was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian |
| July 13 | Congress of Berlin: The Treaty of Berlin, imposed on Russia by the West, divided Bulgaria into Eastern Rumelia and the Principality of Bulgaria. See also Berlin Conference (1884-85 re Africa and Berlin Conference of 1954 (Cold War The Treaty of Berlin was the final Act of the Congress of Berlin ( June 13 - July 13, 1878) by which the United Kingdom, Austria-Hungary Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Eastern Rumelia or Eastern Roumelia (Източна Румелия Iztochna Rumeliya; Ottoman Turkish: Rumeli-i Şarkî; Modern Turkish |
| 1879 | August | Land and Liberty split into the moderate Black Repartition and the radical terrorist group People's Will. Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Land and Liberty, was a Russian Clandestine Revolutionary organization of Narodniki (middle- or upper-class revolutionaries attempting to spread Black Repartition ( Чёрный передел in Russian, or Chyornyi peredel; also known as Black Partition) Party of |
| 1880 | August 6 | The Special Corps of Gendarmes and the Third Section were disbanded; their functions and most capable officers were transferred to the new Department of State Police under the MVD. Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Special Corps of Gendarmes (Отдельный корпус жандармов was the uniformed Security police of the Russian Empire in the 19th and early 20th The Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery ( Russian: Tretiye Otdeleniye, or III отделение собственной Е |
| 1881 | March 10 | Alexander was assassinated by Ignacy Hryniewiecki of the People's Will. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Alexander (Aleksandr II Nikolaevich (Александр II Николаевич ( Moscow, 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881 in St Ignacy Hryniewiecki Polish (Party name Kotik, Russian for "Kitten") 1856 – 13 March 1881) was a Polish student and His son, Alexander III, becomes tsar. Alexander III Alexandrovich ( 10 March 1845 – 1 November 1894) (Александр III Александрович reigned as Emperor |
| September 21 | Persia officially recognized Russia's annexation of Khwarazm in the Treaty of Akhal. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Khwarezm were a series of States centered on the Amu Darya River delta of the The Treaty of Akhal was a treaty signed by Persia and Imperial Russia on September 21, 1881. |
| 1882 | May 3 | Alexander III introduced the May Laws, which expelled Russian Jews from rural areas and small towns and severely restricted their access to education. Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Alexander III Alexandrovich ( 10 March 1845 – 1 November 1894) (Александр III Александрович reigned as Emperor The May Laws were anti-Jewish regulations enacted on May 15 (May 3 O PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ |
| 1890 | June 12 | An imperial decree subordinated the zemstva to the authority of the appointed regional governors. Year 1890 ( MDCCCXC) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Zemstvo ( Russian: Земство was a form of Local government instituted during the great liberal reforms performed in Imperial Russia by Alexander |
| 1894 | November 1 | Alexander III died. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Alexander III Alexandrovich ( 10 March 1845 – 1 November 1894) (Александр III Александрович reigned as Emperor His son Nicholas II succeeded him as tsar. |
| 1898 | March 1 | The Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) held its first Party Congress. Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party, or RSDLP ( Росси́йская Социа́л-Демократи́ческая Рабо́чая The 1st Congress of the RSDLP ( Russian: Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия, РСДРП was held between |
| 1900 | | Russia invaded and occupied the Sixty-Four Villages East of the Heilongjiang River. Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar The Sixty-Four Villages East of the Heilongjiang River ( (literally "64 villages east of river" are located on the left bank (north bank of the Amur River |
| February 6 | Russification of Finland: Nicholas issued a decree making Russian the official language of Finland. The Russification of Finland (1899-1905 1908-1917 sortokaudet/sortovuodet (times/years of oppression in Finnish) was a governmental policy of the Russian Empire Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory The Grand Duchy of Finland (Magnus Ducatus Finlandiæ Великое княжество Финляндское ' Velikoe knjažestvo finljandskoe) was the Predecessor |
| February 18 | The Red Army conquered Kiev. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the |
| February 23 | Mass conscription to the Red Army began in Moscow and Petrograd. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River |
| February 24 | The Red Army retreated from Estonia in the face of the German armed forces. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. |
| The Transcaucasian parliament announced the independent Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (TDFR). The South Caucasus is a mountainous geopolitical area of south-central Eurasia, also referred to as Transcaucasia, or The Transcaucasus. The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (TDFR Закавказская демократическая Федеративная Республика (ЗКДФР Zakavkazskaya |
| March 3 | Soviet Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending its participation in World War I, relinquishing Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, and Ukraine, and ceding to the Ottoman Empire all territory captured in the Russo-Turkish War. Not to be confused with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (February 9 1918, a similar treaty involving Ukraine and the Central Powers. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the The Kingdom of Poland, also informally called Regency Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Regencyjne was the state proposed by the Act of November 5, 1916 issued The Belarusian People's Republic (Белару́ская Наро́дная Рэспу́бліка bʲeɫa'ruskaja na'rodnaja rɛs'publʲika translit The Ukrainian People's Republic (Українська Народна Республіка Ukrayins’ka Narodna Respublika; also translated as the Ukrainian National The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 had its origins in a rise in nationalism in the Balkans as well as in the Russian goal of recovering territorial losses it had suffered |
| March 6 | Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War: Two hundred British marines arrived at Murmansk. The Allied intervention was a multi-national military expedition launched in 1918 during the Russian Civil War and World War I The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Murmansk (Му́рманск Murmanska Muurman is a city and Seaport in the extreme northwest part of Russia, on the Kola Bay, 12 km |
| March 25 | The Belarusian National Republic was established by its German occupiers. The Belarusian People's Republic (Белару́ская Наро́дная Рэспу́бліка bʲeɫa'ruskaja na'rodnaja rɛs'publʲika translit The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification |
| April | The Idel-Ural State was occupied and dissolved by the Red Army. Idel-Ural literally means "Volga-Ural" in Tatar.Historically it refers to a short-lived Tatar Republic with its centre in Kazan |
| April 30 | The Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was established on the territory of the defunct Russian Turkestan. Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (initially Turkestan Socialist Federative Republic) ( April 30, 1918 &ndash October 27, Russian Turkestan ( Russian: Русский Туркестан also known as Turkestansky Krai (Туркестанский край was Turkestan within |
| May 26 | Russian Civil War: The Czech Legion began its revolt against the Bolshevik government. Czechoslovak Legions ( Československé legie in Czech and Slovak were Czech and Slovak volunteer armed forces fighting together with the Entente powers The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction |
| Georgia seceded from the TDFR. The Democratic Republic of Georgia ( DRG; Georgian: საქართველოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა Sakartvelos The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (TDFR Закавказская демократическая Федеративная Республика (ЗКДФР Zakavkazskaya |
| May 28 | Armenia and Azerbaijan declared their mutual independence. The Democratic Republic of Armenia ( DRA; Armenian: Դեմոկրատական Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic ( ADR; Azərbaycan Xalq Cümhuriyyəti was the first Democratic and Secular Republic in the Muslim world |
| June 8 | Russian Civil War: An anti-Bolshevik government, the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly, was established in Samara under the protection of the Czech Legion |
| June 28 | A decree by the Central Executive Committee made war communism, under which all industry and food distribution was nationalized, the economic policy of the Soviet state. The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction The Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly ( Ком итет членов Уч редительного собрания (Комуч in Russian or Kom Samara (Сама́ра ( Kuybyshev (ru Ку́йбышев from 1935 to 1990 is one of the largest cities in Russia. Czechoslovak Legions ( Československé legie in Czech and Slovak were Czech and Slovak volunteer armed forces fighting together with the Entente powers The Supreme Soviet of the USSR (Верхо́вный Сове́т СССР Verkhóvnyj Sovét SSSR) was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union in War communism (or military communism) (Военный коммунизм 1918 - 1921 is the term created by western historians referring to the economic and political system |
| June 29 | Russian Civil War: The Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia was established in Vladivostok. The Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia (PGAS or in full the Social Revolutionary-Menshevik Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia, was an ephemeral Puppet Vladivostok ( is Russia 's largest port city on the Pacific Ocean and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai. |
| July | The Idel-Ural State was restored by the Czech Legion. Idel-Ural literally means "Volga-Ural" in Tatar.Historically it refers to a short-lived Tatar Republic with its centre in Kazan Czechoslovak Legions ( Československé legie in Czech and Slovak were Czech and Slovak volunteer armed forces fighting together with the Entente powers |
| July 10 | The 1918 Soviet Constitution was approved by the Fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets. The first Soviet Constitution, which governed the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, described the regime that assumed power in the October Revolution of The Congress of Soviets was the supreme governing body of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Soviet Union in two periods from 1917 to 1936 and The legislative power was transferred from the Sovnarkom to the Central Executive Committee, which also received the power to pass constitutional amendments. Council of Ministers of the USSR (Совет Министров СССР tr The Supreme Soviet of the USSR (Верхо́вный Сове́т СССР Verkhóvnyj Sovét SSSR) was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union in |
| August 30 | After giving a speech at a Moscow factory, Lenin was shot twice by SR Fanny Kaplan, but survived. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The Socialist-Revolutionary Party (the PSR the SRs, or Esers; Партия социалистов-революционеров (ПСР эсеры was a Russian Fanya Yefimovna Kaplan (Фаниа Ефимовна Каплан February 10, 1890 – September 3, 1918) also known as Fanny Kaplan |
| September 3 | Red Terror: Izvestia called on the Russian people to "crush the hydra of counterrevolution with massive terror. The Red Terror in Soviet Russia was the campaign of mass arrests and Executions conducted by the Bolshevik government For the Thoroughbred racehorse see Izvestia (horse Izvestia (Известия) is a long-running high-circulation daily Newspaper " |
| September 23 | Russian Civil War: A meeting in Ufa established a unified anti-Bolshevik government, the Ufa Directorate. Ufa (Уфа́ Өфө Öfö; Уфа|Ufa Ӗпхӳ Ephü) is the capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction |
| November 11 | World War I: An armistice treaty was signed, ending the war. The armistice treaty between the Allies and Germany was signed in a railway carriage in Compiègne Forest on November 11, 1918 |
| November 17 | Two Latvian political parties founded a provisional legislature, the Tautas Padome. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Tautas Padome (Latvia's People's Council was a temporary council which declared Latvia 's Independence in 1918 and then acted as a temporary Parliament |
| November 18 | A military coup overthrew the Ufa Directorate and established its war minister, Aleksandr Kolchak, as dictator. Aleksandr Vasiliyevich Kolchak (Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Колча́к &ndash February 7, 1920) was a Russian naval commander |
| November 19 | The Maapäev returned to power in Estonia. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region |
| November 22 | Estonian War of Independence: The Russian Red Army invaded Estonia. The Estonian War of Independence (Vabadussõda literally "freedom war" which occurred in 1918-1920 took place during the Russian Civil War, was the Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region |
| November 24 | Béla Kun, a friend of Lenin, founded the Hungarian Communist Party. Béla Kun ( February 20 1886 – August 29 1938) born Béla Kohn, was a Hungarian Communist Politician Hungarian Communist Party (in Hungarian Magyar Kommunista Párt or Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja) was founded on November 24, 1918, and |
| November 29 | Estonian War of Independence: The Red Army captured the Estonian town of Narva. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Narva is the third largest City in Estonia. It is located at the eastern extreme point of Estonia, by the Russian border on the Narva Local Bolsheviks reestablished the Anvelt government as the Commune of the Working People of Estonia. The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction Jaan Anvelt, Eessaare Aadu, Jaan Holm, Jaan Hulmu, Kaarel Maatamees, Onkel Kaak or Н The Commune of the Working People of Estonia (Eesti Töörahva Kommuun earlier et Eesti Töörahva Kommuuna, Эстляндская Трудовая Коммуна ЭТК |
| December | The Idel-Ural State was again occupied and dissolved by the Red Army. Idel-Ural literally means "Volga-Ural" in Tatar.Historically it refers to a short-lived Tatar Republic with its centre in Kazan |
| December 8 | The Communist Party of Lithuania established a revolutionary government in Vilnius. The Communist Party of Lithuania (Lietuvos komunistų partija was a Communist party in Lithuania, established in early October 1918 |
| 1919 | January 1 | Local Bolsheviks established the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR). Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (abbreviated as Byelorussian SSR or BSSR) (Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка |
| January 3 | Latvian War of Independence: The Red Army invaded Latvia. The Latvian War of Independence, sometimes called the Latvian War of Liberation (Latvijas brīvības cīņas literally the "Struggles for Latvia's freedom" or Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. |
| January 5 | The Red Army occupied Vilnius, the Lithuanian capital, in support of the local Communist government. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based |
| The Red Army captured Minsk and pronounced it the capital of the Byelorussian SSR. Minsk (Мінск mʲinsk Минск mʲinsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Niamiha rivers The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (abbreviated as Byelorussian SSR or BSSR) (Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка |
| January 16 | The Orgburo was established to oversee the membership and organization of the Communist Party. The Organizational Bureau (Orgburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union existed from 1919 to 1952 until the 19th Congress when the |
| February 14 | Polish-Soviet War: The Polish army attacked Soviet forces occupying the town of Biaroza. The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. Biaroza (Бяро́за also Бяро́за-Карту́ская Берёза Bereza Kartuska is a town of 31 000 inhabitants (1995 in Western Belarus in Brest voblast |
| February 27 | Lithuania was absorbed into the Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the |
| March 4 | The First Congress of the Comintern began in Moscow. The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of |
| March 21 | Seeking a military alliance with Russia against the French, the Hungarian Social Democrats merged with the Communist Party, released Kun from prison and appointed him Commissar for Foreign Affairs. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Hungarian Communist Party (in Hungarian Magyar Kommunista Párt or Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja) was founded on November 24, 1918, and Béla Kun ( February 20 1886 – August 29 1938) born Béla Kohn, was a Hungarian Communist Politician Kun dismissed the president and proclaimed the Hungarian Soviet Republic. Béla Kun ( February 20 1886 – August 29 1938) born Béla Kohn, was a Hungarian Communist Politician The Hungarian Soviet Republic or Soviet Republic of Hungary (Magyarországi Tanácsköztársaság was a Communist regime established in Hungary from |
| March 25 | The Eighth Party Congress reinstituted the Politburo as the central governing body of the Communist Party. The Congress of the CPSU (Russian съезд КПСС) was the gathering of the delegates of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and its predecessors The Politburo ( in Russian: Политбюро, full Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, abbreviated |
| April 16 | The Romanian army invaded Hungary. See " România Mare " for other meanings The Greater Romania (România Mare generally refers to the territory of Romania in the years Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic |
| April 21 | Polish-Soviet War: The Polish army consolidated its control of Vilnius. The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. |
| May 30 | An anti-Communist Hungarian government headed by Gyula Károlyi was established in Szeged. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Gyula Count Károlyi de Nagykároly ( 7 May 1871 - 23 April 1947) was a conservative Hungarian politician who served as Szeged ( (approximate pronunciation Seg-ed (known also by alternative names) is the fourth largest City of Hungary, the Regional centre |
| June 16 | Hungarian occupiers established the Slovak Soviet Republic. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The Slovak Soviet Republic (in Slovak: Slovenská republika rád = literally "Slovak Republic of Councils" - the name originated before the Russian |
| July 7 | The Czechoslovak army reoccupied its territory and dissolved the Slovak Soviet Republic. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Slovak Soviet Republic (in Slovak: Slovenská republika rád = literally "Slovak Republic of Councils" - the name originated before the Russian |
| August 1 | Threatened by the approach of the Romanian army, Kun fled to Austria. See " România Mare " for other meanings The Greater Romania (România Mare generally refers to the territory of Romania in the years Béla Kun ( February 20 1886 – August 29 1938) born Béla Kohn, was a Hungarian Communist Politician Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich |
| August 14 | The Romanian army left the Hungarian capital, Budapest. See " România Mare " for other meanings The Greater Romania (România Mare generally refers to the territory of Romania in the years Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Admiral Miklós Horthy stepped into the power vacuum with the army of the Károlyi government. Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya ( Vitéz nagybányai Horthy Miklós vitez nɒɟbaɲɒi horti mikloʃ German Nikolaus von Horthy und Nagybánya Gyula Count Károlyi de Nagykároly ( 7 May 1871 - 23 April 1947) was a conservative Hungarian politician who served as |
| August 25 | Polish-Soviet War: After its total occupation by Polish forces, the Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR was dissolved. The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. |
| 1920 | February 2 | Estonian War of Independence: Soviet Russia signed the Treaty of Tartu, renouncing all claims on Estonian territory. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Tartu Peace Treaty ( Estonian: Tartu rahu, literally "Tartu peace" or Treaty of Tartu was a peace treaty between Estonia and Russian Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region |
| An insurgency in the Khanate of Khiva forced the abdication of the Khan. The Khanate of Khiva (Xiva Xonligi was the name of a Central Asian state that existed in the historical region of Khwarezm from 1515 to 1920 except Persian occupation by |
| February 7 | Russian Civil War: Kolchak was executed by a Bolshevik military tribunal. Aleksandr Vasiliyevich Kolchak (Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Колча́к &ndash February 7, 1920) was a Russian naval commander The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction |
| March 26 | Russian Civil War: The Volunteer Army evacuated to the Crimea to join the army of Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel. For the British Volunteer Army see Volunteer Army (British. For voluntary military service see Volunteer military. Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel (Пётр Николаевич Врангель (Peter von Wrangel ( August 15, 1878, Zarasai, Lithuania (then |
| April 25 | The Russian Eleventh Army invaded the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic ( ADR; Azərbaycan Xalq Cümhuriyyəti was the first Democratic and Secular Republic in the Muslim world |
| April 26 | The Khorezm People's Soviet Republic was established on the territory of the defunct Khanate of Khiva. Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (Хорезмская Народная Советская Республика was created as the successor to the Khanate of Khiva in The Khanate of Khiva (Xiva Xonligi was the name of a Central Asian state that existed in the historical region of Khwarezm from 1515 to 1920 except Persian occupation by |
| April 28 | With the Azerbaijani capital Baku under Eleventh Army occupation, the parliament agreed to transfer power to the Communist government of the Azerbaijan SSR. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South Baku (Bakı sometimes known as Baqy, Baky, Baki or Bakü, is the capital the largest city and the largest port of Azerbaijan Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based This article is about the former Soviet republic for other similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. |
| June 12 | The Soviet Union recognized Lithuanian independence. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the |
| July 8 | Polish-Soviet War: The Galician Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) was established in Ternopil. Galician Soviet Socialist Republic (Galician SSR existed from July 8, 1920 to September 21, 1920 during the Polish-Soviet War Ternopil (Тернопіль translit Ternopil’, Tarnopol Тернополь translit |
| August 11 | Latvian War of Independence: The Treaty of Riga was signed. The Latvian–Soviet Peace Treaty also known as the Treaty of Riga, was signed on August 11 1920 by representatives of the Republic of Latvia Soviet Russia renounced all claims on Latvian territory. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. |
| August 13 | Battle of Warsaw: The battle began with a Russian attack across the Vistula. The Battle of Warsaw (Russian Варшáвское сражéние Polish: Bitwa Warszawska sometimes referred to as the Miracle at the Vistula, Polish |
| August 26 | The Bolsheviks defeated the government of the Alash Orda and established the Kyrgyz ASSR† (1). The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (Қазақ Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы Qazaq Keñestik Socialistik Respublikasi; Казахская |
| August 31 | Battle of Warsaw: The total defeat of the Russian Fourth, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Armies marked the end of the battle. |
| September 2 | The Red Army attacked Bukhara, the capital of the Emirate of Bukhara. Bukhara (Buxoro Бухоро بُخارا Бухара also spelled as Bukhoro and Bokhara, from the Soghdian βuxārak ("lucky The Emirate of Bukhara ( Buxoro Amirligi; Аморати Бухоро was a Central Asian state that existed from 1785 to 1920 |
| September 21 | Polish-Soviet War: The Polish army occupied Galicia and ended the rule of the Galician SSR. The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. Galicia (Галичина ( Halychyna) Galicja is a historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine, Galician Soviet Socialist Republic (Galician SSR existed from July 8, 1920 to September 21, 1920 during the Polish-Soviet War |
| October 8 | The Bukharan People's Soviet Republic was established. The Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (Бухарская Народная Советская Республика was the name of Uzbekistan from 1920 to 1925 |
| November 14 | Russian Civil War: Wrangel fled Russia. Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel (Пётр Николаевич Врангель (Peter von Wrangel ( August 15, 1878, Zarasai, Lithuania (then |
| November 29 | The Eleventh Army entered Armenia. The Democratic Republic of Armenia ( DRA; Armenian: Դեմոկրատական Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun |
| December 1 | The Armenian Prime Minister ceded control of the country to the invading Communists. The Democratic Republic of Armenia ( DRA; Armenian: Դեմոկրատական Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government and is required by the constitution to "oversee the Government's regular activities Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based |
| 1921 | February 16 | Red Army invasion of Georgia: The Eleventh Army crossed into Georgia. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar The Red Army invasion of Georgia also known as the Soviet-Georgian War ( February 15 – March 17 1921) was a military campaign by the Soviet The Democratic Republic of Georgia ( DRG; Georgian: საქართველოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა Sakartvelos |
| February 22 | Gosplan, the economic planning committee of the Soviet Union, was created by a decree of the Sovnarkom. Gosplan or State Planning Committee ( Russian: ru Госпла́н) was the committee responsible for economic planning in the Soviet Union. Council of Ministers of the USSR (Совет Министров СССР tr |
| February 25 | Red Army invasion of Georgia: The Eleventh Army captured Tbilisi and announced the formation of the Georgian SSR. Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (საქართველოს საბჭოთასოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა |
| February 28 | Kronstadt rebellion: The crews of the battleships Petropavlovsk and Sevastopol, harbored at Kronstadt, published a list of demands on the government. This article is about the historical event known as the Kronstadt rebellion Kronstadt (Кроншта́дт also spelled Kronshtadt, Cronstadt (Krone for Crown and Stadt for City) is a Russian |
| March 17 | Kronstadt rebellion: After over a week of fighting, government troops pacified Kronstadt. Kronstadt (Кроншта́дт also spelled Kronshtadt, Cronstadt (Krone for Crown and Stadt for City) is a Russian |
| March 21 | A decree of the Tenth Party Congress replaced war communism with the more liberal New Economic Policy. War communism (or military communism) (Военный коммунизм 1918 - 1921 is the term created by western historians referring to the economic and political system For the Malaysian New Economic Policy see Malaysian New Economic Policy. |
| March 18 | Polish-Soviet War: Poland and Soviet Russia signed the Peace of Riga, ending the war. The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. The Peace of Riga, also known as the Treaty of Riga; (Ри́жский ми́рный договóр -- Romanisation Rízhsky Mírny dogovór --, Rīgas The disputed territories were divided between Poland, Russia and the newly reestablished Ukrainian and Byelorussian SSRs. The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (abbreviated as Byelorussian SSR or BSSR) (Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка |
| July | The Red Army captured Ulan Bator, the Mongolian capital. Ulan Bator, or Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар is the Capital and largest city of Mongolia. Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East |
| July 13 | Russian famine of 1921: The writer Maxim Gorky brought world attention to the looming famine. The Russian famine of 1921, better known as Povolzhye famine, which began in the early spring of that year and lasted through 1922, was a severe Famine Aleksey Maksimovich Peshkov ( In Алексе́й Макси́мович Пешко́в ( &ndash June 18, 1936) better known as Maxim Gorky (Максим |
| 1922 | February 23 | Russian famine of 1921: A decree published in Izvestia authorized the seizure of church valuables for famine relief. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. For the Thoroughbred racehorse see Izvestia (horse Izvestia (Известия) is a long-running high-circulation daily Newspaper |
| March 12 | The Georgian, Armenian and Azerbaijani SSRs were merged into the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SFSR). The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (საქართველოს საბჭოთასოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (Հայկական ՍովետականՍոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն Haykakan Sovetakan Sotsialistakan Hanrapetutyun This article is about the former Soviet republic for other similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Հայաստանի Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն Azerbaijani: |
| April 3 | The Eleventh Communist Party Congress established the office of the General Secretary of the Communist Party and appointed Joseph Stalin to fill it. The Congress of the CPSU (Russian съезд КПСС) was the gathering of the delegates of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and its predecessors The General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( First Secretary in 1953-1966 was the title synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union after Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party |
| May 16 | Tikhon, the Patriarch of Moscow, was put under house arrest. Saint Tikhon of Moscow ( January 19, 1865 &ndash April 7, 1925) born Vasily Ivanovich Bellavin (Василий Иванович |
| August 4 | Basmachi Revolt: Enver Pasha was killed in Turkestan. İsmail Enver ( Ottoman Turkish: اسماعيل انور ( November 22, 1881 in Constantinople - August 4 Turkestan (literally meaning "Land of the Turks" is a region in Central Asia, which today is largely inhabited by Turkic peoples. |
| December 29 | The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR united its signatories, the Russian and Transcaucasian SFSRs and the Byelorussian and Ukrainian SSRs, under the power of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR is a document that legalized the creation of a union of several Soviet republics in the form of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Հայաստանի Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն Azerbaijani: The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (abbreviated as Byelorussian SSR or BSSR) (Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 |
| 1923 | May 3 | A council of the pro-government Living Church declared Tikhon an apostate and abolished the Patriarchate. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Living Church (Russian Живая Церковь, живоцерковники) also called Renovationist Church or Renovationism (Russian Saint Tikhon of Moscow ( January 19, 1865 &ndash April 7, 1925) born Vasily Ivanovich Bellavin (Василий Иванович |
| October 15 | The Declaration of 46 was written. The Declaration of 46 was a secret letter sent by a group of 46 leading Soviet communists to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist The Declaration echoed earlier concerns expressed by Leon Trotsky, the Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council, that the Communist Party was insufficiently democratic. Leon Trotsky ( Russian:, Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic or Revvoyensoviet ( Революционный Военный Совет, Реввоенсовет; also |
| 1924 | January 21 | Lenin died. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. |
| January 31 | The 1924 Soviet Constitution came into effect. The 1924 Soviet Constitution legitimized the December 1922 union of the Russian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR, the Belarusian SSR, and the |
| February 18 | The Thirteenth Party Congress, led by Stalin, Comintern chairman Grigory Zinoviev and Politburo chairman Lev Kamenev, denounced Trotsky and his faction, the Left Opposition. The Congress of the CPSU (Russian съезд КПСС) was the gathering of the delegates of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and its predecessors Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow Gregory Yevseevich Zinoviev (Григо́рий Евс́еевич Зин́овьев alternative transliteration Grigorii Ovseyevish Zinoviev born Ovsei-Gershon Aronovich The Politburo ( in Russian: Политбюро, full Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, abbreviated ( Russian: Лев Борисович Каменев born Rosenfeld, Розенфельд ( – August 25, 1936) was a Bolshevik Leon Trotsky ( Russian:, Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij Left communism and the Left Opposition are distinct Left communism should not be confused with the Trotskyist tendency described below |
| October 10 | The territory of the Khorezm SSR was incorporated into the Turkestan ASSR. Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (Хорезмская Народная Советская Республика was created as the successor to the Khanate of Khiva in Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (initially Turkestan Socialist Federative Republic) ( April 30, 1918 &ndash October 27, |
| October 12 | The Moldavian ASSR was established in the Ukrainian SSR. Moldavian ASSR or Moldovan ASSR (Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Romanian Republica Autonomă Socialistă Sovietică Moldovenească) was an autonomous The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its |
| October 14 | The Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Oblast was spun off of the Turkestan ASSR and incorporated into the Russian SFSR. The Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (Кара-Киргизская АО in the former region of Soviet Central Asia, was created on 14 October 1924 within the Russian SFSR Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (initially Turkestan Socialist Federative Republic) ( April 30, 1918 &ndash October 27, |
| October 27 | The Uzbek SSR was spun out of the Turkestan ASSR. The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Ўзбекистон Совет Социалистик Республикаси O`zbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi; Узбекская Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (initially Turkestan Socialist Federative Republic) ( April 30, 1918 &ndash October 27, |
| November 25 | The Mongolian People's Republic was established. The Mongolian People's Republic ( Mongolian: Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс (БНМАУ Bügd Nairamdakh Mongol Ard Uls (BNMAU) was a |
| November 27 | The Bukharan People's Soviet Republic was incorporated into the Uzbek SSR. The Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (Бухарская Народная Советская Республика was the name of Uzbekistan from 1920 to 1925 The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Ўзбекистон Совет Социалистик Республикаси O`zbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi; Узбекская |
| 1925 | January 6 | Trotsky was forced to resign his military offices. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Leon Trotsky ( Russian:, Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij |
| February 19 | The lands of the Karakalpaks became the Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast, an oblast of the Kyrgyz ASSR (1). The Karakalpaks (also Qaraqalpaqs) are a Turkic ethnic group who mainly live in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya and in the (former delta Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast was created on February 19, 1925 by separating lands of the ethnic Karakalpaks from the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Oblast (во́бласць oblast о́бласт oblast о́бласть област/ oblast; oblasť област о́бласть is a type of Administrative division The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (Қазақ Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы Qazaq Keñestik Socialistik Respublikasi; Казахская |
| April 7 | Tikhon died. Saint Tikhon of Moscow ( January 19, 1865 &ndash April 7, 1925) born Vasily Ivanovich Bellavin (Василий Иванович The Communist government would not allow elections to the patriarchate to be held; Metropolitan Peter of Krutitsy became the Patriarchal locum tenens according to his will. In Hierarchical Christian churches the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the Diocesan bishop or St Hieromartyr Peter of Krutitsy (Священномученик Петр Крутицкий born Petr Fyodorovich Polyansky (Петр Федорович Полянский Locum, short for the Latin phrase locum tenens (lit " place-holder," akin to Lieutenant) is a person who temporarily fulfills |
| April 19 | The Kyrgyz ASSR (1) was renamed the Kazakh ASSR. The Kazakh ASSR was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union. |
| May 13 | The Uzbek SSR joined the Soviet Union. The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Ўзбекистон Совет Социалистик Республикаси O`zbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi; Узбекская The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 |
| The remainder of the Turkestan ASSR became the Turkmen SSR. Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (initially Turkestan Socialist Federative Republic) ( April 30, 1918 &ndash October 27, The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Түркменистан Совет Социалистик Республикасы Türkmenistan Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasy; |
| December 10 | Peter of Krutitsy was arrested. St Hieromartyr Peter of Krutitsy (Священномученик Петр Крутицкий born Petr Fyodorovich Polyansky (Петр Федорович Полянский Sergius of Nizhny Novgorod, whom he had named to succeed him, took the title of Deputy Patriarchal locum tenens. Patriarch Sergius I ( Сергий I; born Ivan Nikolayevich Stragorodsky (Иван Николаевич Страгородский January 11, 1867 Locum, short for the Latin phrase locum tenens (lit " place-holder," akin to Lieutenant) is a person who temporarily fulfills |
| December 23 | The Fourteenth Party Congress endorsed the leadership of Stalin and his rightist ally Nikolai Bukharin, soundly defeating the New Opposition faction of Kamenev and Zinoviev. The Congress of the CPSU (Russian съезд КПСС) was the gathering of the delegates of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and its predecessors Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (Никола́й Ива́нович Буха́рин ( &ndash March 15, 1938) was a Bolshevik ( Russian: Лев Борисович Каменев born Rosenfeld, Розенфельд ( – August 25, 1936) was a Bolshevik Gregory Yevseevich Zinoviev (Григо́рий Евс́еевич Зин́овьев alternative transliteration Grigorii Ovseyevish Zinoviev born Ovsei-Gershon Aronovich |
| 1926 | February 11 | The Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Oblast was reorganized into the Kyrgyz ASSR (2). Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (Кара-Киргизская АО in the former region of Soviet Central Asia, was created on 14 October 1924 within the Russian SFSR The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (Қазақ Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы Qazaq Keñestik Socialistik Respublikasi; Казахская |
| October 23 | Trotsky was expelled from the Politburo. The Politburo ( in Russian: Политбюро, full Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, abbreviated |
| 1927 | February 25 | Article 58 of the RFSR Penal Code revised the penalties for counterrevolutionary activity. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Article 58 of the Russian SFSR Penal Code was put in force on February 25, 1927 to arrest those suspected of counter-revolutionary activities |
| July 29 | Sergius affirmed the loyalty of the Russian Orthodox Church to the Soviet government. Patriarch Sergius I ( Сергий I; born Ivan Nikolayevich Stragorodsky (Иван Николаевич Страгородский January 11, 1867 See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure |
| November 12 | Trotsky and Zinoviev were expelled from the Communist Party. Leon Trotsky ( Russian:, Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij Gregory Yevseevich Zinoviev (Григо́рий Евс́еевич Зин́овьев alternative transliteration Grigorii Ovseyevish Zinoviev born Ovsei-Gershon Aronovich |
| December 2 | The Fifteenth Party Congress expelled the remainder of the United Opposition from the Party. The Congress of the CPSU (Russian съезд КПСС) was the gathering of the delegates of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and its predecessors The United Opposition (sometimes also called the Joint Opposition) was a group formed in the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks in 1926 by Leon Trotsky |
| 1928 | March 7 | Shakhty Trial: Police arrested a group of engineers in the town of Shakhty and accused them of conspiring to sabotage the Soviet economy. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Shakhty Trial of 1928 was the first important Show trial in the Soviet Union since the trial of the Social Revolutionaries in 1922 Shakhty (Ша́хты is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia. It is located on the southeastern spur of Donetsk mountain ridge 75 km northeast |
| October 1 | First Five Year Plan: Stalin announced the beginning of state industrialisation of the Soviet economy. The First Five-Year Plan (Five-Year Plan of Russia was a list of economic goals that was designed to strengthen the USSR 's economy between 1928 and 1932 making the Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one |
| 1929 | November 17 | Bukharin was expelled from the Politburo. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (Никола́й Ива́нович Буха́рин ( &ndash March 15, 1938) was a Bolshevik |
| Collectivisation in the USSR: A Central Committee resolution began the collectivisation of Soviet agriculture. Collectivization in the Soviet Union was a policy pursued under Stalin, between 1928 and 1940(much later for areas further away from capital to consolidate individual The Central Committee, abbreviated in Russian as ЦК, "Tse-ka" was the highest body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU Agriculture in the Soviet Union was organized into a system of state and collective farms known as Sovkhozes and Kolkhozes respectively |
| December 5 | The Tajik ASSR of the Uzbek SSR became the Tajik SSR. The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Ўзбекистон Совет Социалистик Республикаси O`zbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi; Узбекская The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Республикаи Советии Социалистии Тоҷикистон Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tocikiston; Таджикская |
| 1930 | April 15 | The Gulag was officially established. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Gulag was the government agency that administered the penal labor camps of the Soviet Union. |
| July 20 | The Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast was transferred to the Russian SFSR. Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast was created on February 19, 1925 by separating lands of the ethnic Karakalpaks from the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist |
| 1932 | March 20 | The Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast became the Karakalpak ASSR. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast was created on February 19, 1925 by separating lands of the ethnic Karakalpaks from the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist The Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ( Karakalpak ASSR; Karakalpak: Қарақалпақстан АССР Қорақалпоғистон |
| August 7 | Collectivisation in the USSR: The Central Executive Committee and the Sovnarkom issued the Decree about the Protection of Socialist Property, under which any theft of public property was punishable by death. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR (Верхо́вный Сове́т СССР Verkhóvnyj Sovét SSSR) was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union in Council of Ministers of the USSR (Совет Министров СССР tr Law of Spikelets (Закон о колосках was a common name of the law based on the decree of Central Executive Committee and Sovnarkom of the USSR |
| September 11 | Holodomor: Stalin sent a letter to a Politburo ally, Lazar Kaganovich, demanding the subjection of the Ukrainian SSR. The Holodomor (Голодомор is the famine that took place in Soviet Ukraine during the 1932-1933 agricultural season Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party The Politburo ( in Russian: Политбюро, full Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, abbreviated The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its |
| December 27 | A decree by the Central Executive Committee and the Sovnarkom established a passport system in the Soviet Union. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR (Верхо́вный Сове́т СССР Verkhóvnyj Sovét SSSR) was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union in Council of Ministers of the USSR (Совет Министров СССР tr The passport system in the Soviet Union underwent a number of transformations in the course of its history |
| December 31 | First Five-Year Plan: It was announced that the plan had been fulfilled. |
| 1933 | January 22 | Holodomor: Police were instructed to prevent Ukrainian peasants from leaving their homes in search of food. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its |
| 1934 | February 8 | Elections to the Central Committee at the Seventeenth Party Congress revealed Sergey Kirov, the chief of the Leningrad Party, to be the most popular member. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Central Committee, abbreviated in Russian as ЦК, "Tse-ka" was the highest body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU The Congress of the CPSU (Russian съезд КПСС) was the gathering of the delegates of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and its predecessors Sergei Mironovich Kirov (Серге́й Миро́нович Ки́ров ( &ndash December 1, 1934) was a prominent early Bolshevik leader whose assassination Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River |
| July 10 | The Main Directorate of State Security (GUGB) was established under the NKVD as a successor to the OGPU. The NKVD ( НКВД, ru Народный Комиссариат Внутренних Дел ''Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del'') or People's Commissariat The State Political Directorate was the Secret police of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( RSFSR) and the Soviet Union from 1922 until |
| December 1 | Kirov was murdered by Leonid Nikolaev, possibly at the behest of Stalin. Leonid Nikolaev (1904&ndash December 29, 1934) was the assassin of Sergei Kirov, the first secretary of the Leningrad branch of the Communist Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party |
| 1935 | August 31 | Aleksei Grigorievich Stakhanov was reported to have mined over one hundred tons of coal in a single shift, sowing the seeds of the Stakhanovite movement. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Alexey Grigoryevich Stakhanov (Алексе́й Григо́рьевич Стаха́нов 3 January 1906 &ndash1977 was a miner in In Soviet history and iconography a Stakhanovite (стахановец follows the example of Aleksei Grigorievich Stakhanov, employing hard work or |
| 1936 | August 19 | Moscow Trials: The Trial of the Sixteen, in which Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev were the primary defendants, began. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Moscow Trials were a series of trials of political opponents of Joseph Stalin during the Great Purge. ( Russian: Лев Борисович Каменев born Rosenfeld, Розенфельд ( – August 25, 1936) was a Bolshevik Gregory Yevseevich Zinoviev (Григо́рий Евс́еевич Зин́овьев alternative transliteration Grigorii Ovseyevish Zinoviev born Ovsei-Gershon Aronovich |
| August 25 | Moscow Trials: The defendants in the Trial of the Sixteen were executed. |
| December 5 | The Stalin Constitution came into effect. The 1936 Soviet constitution, adopted on December 5, 1936, and also known as the " Stalin " constitution, redesigned the government The Central Executive Committee was renamed the Supreme Soviet. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR (Верхо́вный Сове́т СССР Verkhóvnyj Sovét SSSR) was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union in |
| The Kyrgyz ASSR (2) became a Union-level republic, the Kyrgyz SSR. The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (Қазақ Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы Qazaq Keñestik Socialistik Respublikasi; Казахская Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic redirects here For the Kazakh entity of that name see Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. |
| The Kazakh ASSR became the Kazakh SSR. The Kazakh ASSR was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union. The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (Қазақ Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы Qazaq Keñestik Socialistik Respublikasi; Казахская |
| The territory of the Karakalpak ASSR was incorporated into the Uzbek SSR. The Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ( Karakalpak ASSR; Karakalpak: Қарақалпақстан АССР Қорақалпоғистон The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Ўзбекистон Совет Социалистик Республикаси O`zbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi; Узбекская |
| 1937 | January 23 | Moscow Trials: The Second Trial began. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. |
| January 30 | Moscow Trials: The Second Trial ended. Of seventeen defendants, all but four were sentenced to death. |
| May 22 | Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization: Mikhail Tukhachevsky, a Marshal of the Soviet Union and hero of the Russian Civil War, was arrested. The Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization ("дело троцкистской антисоветской военной организации" or "дело Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky (Михаи́л Никола́евич Тухаче́вский Michał Tuchaczewski ( &ndash June 12, 1937) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union ( Marshal Sovietskovo Soyuza Советского Союза'' was the de facto highest military rank of the Soviet Union. The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed |
| June 12 | Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization: Tukhachevsky was executed, with eight other military leaders. Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky (Михаи́л Никола́евич Тухаче́вский Michał Tuchaczewski ( &ndash June 12, 1937) was a |
| July 30 | Great Purge: NKVD Order № 00447 was issued. Great Purge (Большая чистка transliterated Bolshaya chistka) was a series of campaigns of Political repression and Persecution NKVD Order № 00447 by July 30, 1937 О репрессировании бывших кулаков уголовников и других антисоветских The order established a new judicial method, the NKVD troika, and set nationwide quotas for the execution and enslavement of "anti-Soviet elements. NKVD troika or Troika, in Soviet Union history were commissions of three people employed as an additional instrument of Extrajudicial punishment (внесудебная " |
| August 11 | Polish operation of the NKVD: The NKVD chief signed Order № 00485, classifying all potential Polish nationalists as enemies of the state. Polish operation of the NKVD refers to the coordinated actions of the NKVD in 1937-1938 done according to NKVD Order № 00485 "О ликвидации The NKVD ( НКВД, ru Народный Комиссариат Внутренних Дел ''Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del'') or People's Commissariat NKVD Order № 00485 "On liquidation of Polish sabotage and espionage groups and units of POW ( Polish Military Organization, Polska Organizacja Wojskowa " ("О The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. |
| August 15 | Great Purge: NKVD Order № 00486 made relatives of accused traitors subject to imprisonment in labor camps. The NKVD Order № 00486 instructed about repression of wives of Enemy of the people also known as "traitors of the Motherland members of Right- |
| October 10 | Peter of Krutitsy was executed in solitary confinement. St Hieromartyr Peter of Krutitsy (Священномученик Петр Крутицкий born Petr Fyodorovich Polyansky (Петр Федорович Полянский |
| 1938 | | A new decree required the teaching of Russian in all non-Russian schools. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages |
| March 2 | Trial of the Twenty One: The third Moscow Trial, at which Bukharin was the primary defendant, began. The Trial of the Twenty-One was the last of the Moscow Trials, Show trials of prominent Bolsheviks including the Old Bolsheviks The Trial of the The Moscow Trials were a series of trials of political opponents of Joseph Stalin during the Great Purge. Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (Никола́й Ива́нович Буха́рин ( &ndash March 15, 1938) was a Bolshevik |
| March 15 | Trial of the Twenty One: The defendants were executed. |
| July 29 | Battle of Lake Khasan: The armed forces of Japanese Manchukuo attacked the Soviet military at Lake Khasan. The Battle of Lake Khasan ( July 29, 1938 &ndash August 11, 1938) and also known as the Changkufeng Incident (Chinese & Japanese For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国 満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern |
| August 31 | Battle of Lake Khasan: The battle ended in a Japanese defeat. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. |
| 1939 | August 23 | The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact was signed, promising mutual non-aggression between Germany and the Soviet Union and agreeing to a division of much of Europe between those two countries. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers |
| September 17 | Soviet invasion of Poland (1939): The Red Army invaded Poland. The 1939 Soviet invasion of Poland was a military operation that started without a formal declaration of war on 17 September 1939 during the early stages of World War II, sixteen The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. |
| October 22 | Elections were held to the Supreme Soviets of the Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union. After the Soviet invasion of Poland following the corresponding German invasion that marked the start of World War II in 1939 the Soviet Union annexed |
| November 26 | Shelling of Mainila: The Red Army shelled the Russian village of Mainila and blamed the Finns for invented casualties. The Shelling of Mainila (Mainilan laukaukset was a military incident on November 26, 1939, during which the Soviet Union 's Red Army initiated Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. |
| November 30 | Winter War: The Soviet army attacked Finland. The Winter War (Talvisota Советско-финляндская война - official Зимняя война - unofficial Vinterkriget began when the Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. |
| December 1 | Winter War: The Soviet Union established the Finnish Democratic Republic in the border town of Terijoki. The Finnish Democratic Republic (Suomen kansanvaltainen tasavalta Demokratiska Republiken Finland was a short-lived government dependent on and only recognised by the Zelenogorsk pljazjpg|thumb|right| Gulf of Finland coast at Zelenogorsk]] Zelenogorsk (Зеленого́рск Terijoki before 1948 is a Town under jurisdiction |
| 1940 | March 5 | Katyn massacre: The Politburo signed an order to execute 27,500 imprisoned Polish nationalists. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Politburo ( in Russian: Политбюро, full Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, abbreviated After the Soviet invasion of Poland following the corresponding German invasion that marked the start of World War II in 1939 the Soviet Union annexed |
| March 12 | Winter War: The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed, ending the war at great cost to Finland and anticipating the evacuation of Finnish Karelia. The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on March 12, 1940, and the ratifications were exchanged on March 21 Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Evacuation of Finnish Karelia was the resettlement of the population of Finnish Karelia and other territories ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union into the remaining |
| March 31 | The Karelian ASSR merged with the Finnish Democratic Republic into the Karelo-Finnish SSR. The Karelian ASSR (Карельская АССР was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union. The Finnish Democratic Republic (Suomen kansanvaltainen tasavalta Demokratiska Republiken Finland was a short-lived government dependent on and only recognised by the The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (Karjalais-suomalainen sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta Карело-Финская Советская Социалистическая |
| June 15 | The Red Army occupied Lithuania. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the |
| June 17 | The Red Army occupied Estonia and Latvia. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. |
| June 28 | Soviet occupation of Bessarabia: Bessarabia and northern Bukovina were occupied by the Soviet Union. On June 26 1940, Romania received an Ultimatum from the Soviet Union, demanding the evacuation of the Romanian military and administration from Bessarabia ( Basarabia in Romanian, Бесарабія in Ukrainian, Бессарабия in Russian, Бесарабия in Bulgarian Bukovina (Bucovina Буковина/ Bukovyna; German and Polish: Bukowina; see also other languages) is a historical region on the |
| July 21 | Lithuania became the Lithuanian SSR; Latvia became the Latvian SSR. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (Lietuvos Tarybų Socialistinė Respublika Литовская Советская Социалистическая Республика The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (Latvijas Padomju Sociālistiskā Republika Латвийская Советская Социалистическая Республика |
| August 2 | The Moldavian ASSR became the Moldavian SSR, with much of its territory on the former Bessarabia and Bukovina. Moldavian ASSR or Moldovan ASSR (Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Romanian Republica Autonomă Socialistă Sovietică Moldovenească) was an autonomous The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Moldovan: Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ or Republica Sovietică Socialistă Bessarabia ( Basarabia in Romanian, Бесарабія in Ukrainian, Бессарабия in Russian, Бесарабия in Bulgarian Bukovina (Bucovina Буковина/ Bukovyna; German and Polish: Bukowina; see also other languages) is a historical region on the The old territory of the Moldavian ASSR remained in the Ukrainian SSR. Moldavian ASSR or Moldovan ASSR (Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Romanian Republica Autonomă Socialistă Sovietică Moldovenească) was an autonomous The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its |
| August 3 | The Lithuanian SSR was accepted into the Soviet Union. The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (Lietuvos Tarybų Socialistinė Respublika Литовская Советская Социалистическая Республика |
| August 5 | The Latvian SSR was annexed by the Soviet Union. The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (Latvijas Padomju Sociālistiskā Republika Латвийская Советская Социалистическая Республика |
| August 6 | Estonia became the Estonian SSR and was incorporated into the Soviet Union. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistlik Vabariik Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика Estonskaya |
| 1941 | April 13 | Soviet-Japanese Border Wars: A Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact was signed. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The was a Pact between the Soviet Union and the Empire of Japan signed in 1941 two years after the brief Soviet-Japanese Border War (1939. |
| June 22 | Operation Barbarossa: Three million Axis soldiers invaded the Soviet Union. Operation Barbarossa ( Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the Codename for Nazi Germany 's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries |
| Lithuanian 1941 independence: The Lithuanian Activist Front (LAF) began an uprising against the Soviet government. The Lithuanian 1941 independence was a brief period in the history of Lithuania between the first Soviet occupation, and the chaos immediately following Nazi Lithuanian Activist Front (Lithuanian Lietuvos Aktyvistų Frontas) commonly abbreviated as LAF was a short-lived organisation established in 1940 when Lithuania was occupied |
| June 24 | Lithuanian 1941 independence: The LAF government took power in Lithuania. Lithuanian Activist Front (Lithuanian Lietuvos Aktyvistų Frontas) commonly abbreviated as LAF was a short-lived organisation established in 1940 when Lithuania was occupied Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the |
| June 25 | Continuation War: The Soviet Union launched a major air offensive against Finnish targets. The Continuation War (Jatkosota Fortsättningskriget Советско-финская война ( 25 June 1941 &ndash 19 September 1944) Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. |
| June 28 | Operation Barbarossa: The Germans captured Minsk. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Minsk (Мінск mʲinsk Минск mʲinsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Niamiha rivers |
| July 27 | Operation Barbarossa: The German and Romanian armies entered Kishinev. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers See " România Mare " for other meanings The Greater Romania (România Mare generally refers to the territory of Romania in the years Chişinău (kiʃi'nəw (also known as Kishinev, Кишинёв Kishinyov) is the capital and largest city of Moldova. |
| August 21 | Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran: Three Soviet armies invaded Iran from the north. The Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran was the invasion of Iran by British and Commonwealth forces and the Soviet Union, codenamed Operation Countenance For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. |
| September 8 | Siege of Leningrad: The German army cut the last land tie to Leningrad. The Siege of Leningrad, also known as The Leningrad Blockade ( Russian: блокада Ленинграда ( transliteration: blokada Leningrada Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River |
| September 17 | Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran: The Soviet and British armed forces met in Tehran. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of |
| September 19 | Operation Barbarossa: Kiev fell to the Germans. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers |
| October 2 | Battle of Moscow: Three German armies began an advance on Moscow. The Battle of Moscow (Битва под Москвой Romanized: Bitva pod Moskvoy, Schlacht um Moskau is the name given by the Soviet historians to the two Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of |
| November 20 | Siege of Leningrad: The first food was carried into Leningrad across the Road of Life on the frozen Lake Ladoga. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River The Road of Life ( Russian: Доро́га жи́зни doroga zhizni) was the Ice road Transport route across the frozen Lake Ladoga Lake Ladoga (Лáдожское Óзеро Ladozhskoye Ozero; Laatokka is a Freshwater Lake located in Republic of Karelia and Leningrad |
| December 5 | Battle of Moscow: The Soviet army launched a counterattack from Kalinin. Tver (Тверь is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Tver Oblast. |
| 1942 | January 7 | Battle of Moscow: The Soviet counteroffensive ended between sixty and one-hundred fifty miles from Moscow. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of |
| August 21 | Battle of Stalingrad: The German Luftwaffe began a bombing raid against Stalingrad. The Battle of Stalingrad is a commonly used name in English sources for several large operations by Germany and its allies and Soviet forces conducted with the Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. |
| November 19 | Operation Uranus: The Soviet army began a pincer movement against the German forces besieging Stalingrad. Operation Uranus was the Soviet encirclement of German forces in the Battle of Stalingrad during World War 2. The pincer movement or double envelopment is a basic element of Military strategy which has been used to some extent in many Wars and is considered Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers |
| November 22 | Operation Uranus: The German Sixth Army was surrounded. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The 6th Army was a German Field army which saw action in World War I and World War II. |
| 1943 | January 12 | Operation Spark (1943): The Soviet army launched a military offensive to break the Siege of Leningrad. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Operation Iskra ( Russian: Операция Искра operatsia iskra; English translation - Operation Spark was a Soviet military operation conducted The Siege of Leningrad, also known as The Leningrad Blockade ( Russian: блокада Ленинграда ( transliteration: blokada Leningrada |
| January 18 | Operation Spark (1943): The meeting of the Leningrad and Volkhov Front units opened a land corridor to Leningrad. The Leningrad Military District is a Military district of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The Volkhov Front (Волховский фронт was a Front (i Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River |
| February 2 | Battle of Stalingrad: The German Sixth Army surrendered. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The 6th Army was a German Field army which saw action in World War I and World War II. |
| May 15 | The Comintern was dissolved. The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow |
| September 8 | Stalin allowed a church council, which unanimously elected Sergius to the Patriarchate of Moscow. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure Patriarch Sergius I ( Сергий I; born Ivan Nikolayevich Stragorodsky (Иван Николаевич Страгородский January 11, 1867 Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of |
| November 6 | The Russians recaptured Kiev. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the |
| 1944 | January 6 | The Red Army crossed into Poland. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. At the beginning of World War II, significant Polish areas were annexed by Nazi Germany in contrary to Hague Convention IV 1907 and put under German civil |
| January 27 | Siege of Leningrad: The last German forces were expelled from the city. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers |
| May 15 | Sergius died. Patriarch Sergius I ( Сергий I; born Ivan Nikolayevich Stragorodsky (Иван Николаевич Страгородский January 11, 1867 |
| July 21 | The Communist Lublin Government of Poland was established. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based The Polish Committee of National Liberation ( Polish Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego, PKWN) also known as the Lublin Committee, was a At the beginning of World War II, significant Polish areas were annexed by Nazi Germany in contrary to Hague Convention IV 1907 and put under German civil |
| August 1 | Warsaw Uprising: The Polish Home Army began an attack on German forces in Warsaw. The Warsaw Uprising ( Powstanie Warszawskie) was a World War II struggle by the Polish Home Army ( Armia Krajowa) to liberate Warsaw Polish Underground State (Polskie Państwo Podziemne also known as Polish Secret State) refers to all underground resistance organizations in Poland during Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. |
| August 22 | Warsaw Uprising: Stalin denied the Allies use of his landing strips to supply aid to the insurgents. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers during the Second World War. |
| August 23 | Michael I of Romania led a coup against the military dictatorship of Ion Antonescu. Michael King of the Romanians, Prince of Hohenzollern (born October 25, 1921) reigned as King of the Romanians (Maiestatea "Antonescu" redirects here For other persons with that surname see Antonescu (surname. |
| August 31 | Soviet occupation of Romania: The Red Army captured Bucharest. The Soviet occupation of Romania refers to the period from 1944 to August 1958 during which the Soviet Union maintained a significant military presence in Romania Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. |
| September 12 | Romania signed an armistice with the Allies, placing itself under the command of an Allied Commission led by Marshal of the Soviet Union Rodion Malinovsky. See " România Mare " for other meanings The Greater Romania (România Mare generally refers to the territory of Romania in the years In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose Following the termination of hostilities in World War II, the Allied Powers were in control of the defeated Axis countries Marshal of the Soviet Union ( Marshal Sovietskovo Soyuza Советского Союза'' was the de facto highest military rank of the Soviet Union. Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky (Родио́н Я́ковлевич Малино́вский Rodion Jakovlevič Malinovskij; November 23, 1898 — |
| September 19 | Continuation War: The Moscow Armistice was signed, ending the war at roughly the prewar borders. Finland and the Soviet Union signed the Moscow Armistice on September 19, 1944, ending the Continuation War. |
| September 21 | Soviet and Czechoslovak partisan armed forces entered German-occupied Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers |
| October 2 | Warsaw Uprising: The leader of the Uprising signed a surrender agreement. |
| November 14 | The Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia was established in Prague. The Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (in Russian: Комитет Освобождения Народов России Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. |
| December 31 | The Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland (RTRP), which incorporated token non-Communists into the preexisting Lublin Government, was established. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland (Polish Rząd Tymczasowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej or RTRP was created by Krajowa Rada Narodowa on the night Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based The Polish Committee of National Liberation ( Polish Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego, PKWN) also known as the Lublin Committee, was a |
| 1945 | January 17 | The Soviet Union captured Warsaw. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. |
| January 18 | The Soviet Union captured Budapest. Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, |
| February 2 | Alexius I was elected Patriarch of Moscow. Patriarch Alexius I (Sergey Simansky ( Russian: Патриарх Алексий I (Сергей Симанский (October 27 1877 – April 17 1970 was the 14th Patriarch Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of |
| February 11 | The Soviet Union gained the right to Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands at the Yalta Conference |
| March 6 | Romanian Prime Minister Nicolae Rădescu was forced to resign his office to Petru Groza of the Ploughmen's Front. Sakhalin (Сахали́н səxʌˈlʲin Japanese:nihongo|樺太|karafuto or; Chinese: 庫頁 Kùyè also Saghalien, is a large elongated The Kuril Islands (ˈkʊrɪl or /ˈkjuˈriˈl/ Кури́льские острова́ əstrʌˈva ru-Latn ''Kuril'skie ostrova'' or Kurile Islands in Russia The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and Codenamed the Argonaut Conference, was the wartime meeting from 4 February See " România Mare " for other meanings The Greater Romania (România Mare generally refers to the territory of Romania in the years The Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Nicolae Rădescu ( March 30, 1874, Călimăneşti &ndash May 16, 1953, New York City) was a Romanian army Petru Groza ( December 7, 1884 - January 7, 1958) was a Romanian politician best known as Prime Minister of the first The Ploughmen's Front (Frontul Plugarilor was a Romanian left-wing agrarian -inspired political organisation of Ploughmen founded at Deva |
| April 4 | The government of the Third Czechoslovakian Republic was established in Košice. During World War II, Czechoslovakia disappeared from the map of Europe. Košice (; Hungarian: Kassa; (also known by other alternative names) is a city in eastern Slovakia. |
| April 20 | Battle of Berlin: The Soviet army began shelling Berlin. For the bombing campaign on Berlin by the RAF from November 1943 to March 1944 see Battle of Berlin (air. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. |
| April 21 | The RTRP ceded control of Poland's internal security apparatus to the Soviet government for forty years. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland (Polish Rząd Tymczasowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej or RTRP was created by Krajowa Rada Narodowa on the night |
| May 2 | Battle of Berlin: The defenders of Berlin surrendered to the Soviet Union. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. |
| May 9 | The Soviet army captured Prague. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. |
| June 18 | Trial of the Sixteen: Leaders of the Polish Secret State were tried in the Soviet Union for collaboration. The Trial of the Sixteen (Proces szesnastu was a Staged trial of 16 leaders of the Polish Secret State held by the Soviet Union in Moscow in Polish Underground State (Polskie Państwo Podziemne also known as Polish Secret State) refers to all underground resistance organizations in Poland during The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 During World War II Nazi Germany occupied all or parts of the following countries Poland, Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, |
| June 21 | Trial of the Sixteen: The defendants were sentenced. |
| June 28 | The coalition Provisional Government of National Unity (TRJN) was established in Poland. The Provisional Government of National Unity (Polish Tymczasowy Rząd Jedności Narodowej or TRJN was a government formed by a decree of the State National Council Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland |
| July 5 | The United States recognized the TRJN. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Provisional Government of National Unity (Polish Tymczasowy Rząd Jedności Narodowej or TRJN was a government formed by a decree of the State National Council |
| August 2 | The Potsdam Agreement moved Poland's borders to the west and established the shape of occupied Germany. The Potsdam Agreement was an agreement on policy for the occupation and reconstruction of Germany and other nations after fighting in the European Theatre of World War II The People's Republic of Poland or Polish People's Republic ( Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL Russian The Allied powers who defeated Nazi Germany in World War II divided the country west of the Oder-Neisse line into four occupation zones for administrative |
| August 16 | Operation August Storm: Soviet armed forces landed on Sakhalin. Sakhalin (Сахали́н səxʌˈlʲin Japanese:nihongo|樺太|karafuto or; Chinese: 庫頁 Kùyè also Saghalien, is a large elongated |
| August 18 | Operation August Storm: Soviet amphibious forces landed in Korea. Korea under Japanese rule refers to the period between 1910 and 1945 when Korea was forcibly annexed by the Japanese Empire. |
| August 20 | Operation August Storm: The Soviet Union captured Changchun, the capital of Manchukuo. Changchun ( is the capital and largest city of Jilin province, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the centre of the Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国 満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern |
| August 25 | Operation August Storm: The Soviet Union captured Sakhalin's capital. |
| November | The Soviet Union established the Azerbaijan People's Government in Iranian Azerbaijan. This article is about the short-lived USSR created regional government for similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. This article is about the region in Iran for other uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. |
| 1946 | January 22 | The Soviet-backed Kurdish Republic of Mahabad declared its independence from Iran. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Republic of Mahabad ( Kurdish: Komarî Mehabad, Persian: جمهوری مهاباد) officially known as Republic of Kurdistan and established For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. |
| March 2 | Iran crisis: British troops withdrew from Iran. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Soviet Union violated its prior agreement and remained. |
| March 10 | The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church was united with the Russian Orthodox Church. History Before the Union of Brest See also History of Christianity in Ukraine The Ukrainian Catholic church did not exist as such until the See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure |
| March 20 | László Rajk of the Hungarian Communist Party became Minister of the Interior. László Rajk ( May 8, 1909 Székelyudvarhely &ndash October 15, 1949 Budapest) was a Hungarian Communist Hungarian Communist Party (in Hungarian Magyar Kommunista Párt or Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja) was founded on November 24, 1918, and |
| May 9 | Iran crisis: The Soviet Union withdrew from Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. |
| May 26 | Czechoslovak parliamentary election, 1946: The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) won a plurality of votes, enabling their takeover of the information and interior ministries. Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on May 26 1946. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak Komunistická strana Československa (KSČ was a political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between |
| November 19 | Romanian general election, 1946: Rigged elections gave a vast majority of seats in the Romanian legislature to the Romanian Communist Party and its allies. The Romanian general election of 1946 was a General election held on November 19, 1946, in Romania. See " România Mare " for other meanings The Greater Romania (România Mare generally refers to the territory of Romania in the years The Romanian Communist Party ( Romanian: ro Partidul Comunist Român, PCR was a communist political party in Romania. |
| December 11 | Iran regained control over the territory of the Azerbaijan People's Government. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. This article is about the short-lived USSR created regional government for similar uses see Azerbaijan (disambiguation. |
| December 15 | Iran conquered Mahabad. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Mahabad ( Persian: مهاباد Kurdish: مهاباد (Mahabad Mehabad or Mihabad also known by the alternative name سابلاخ Sablax) is a |
| 1947 | January 19 | Polish legislative election, 1947: Rigged elections gave the Communist bloc 80 percent of the vote. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Polish legislative election 1947 was held on January 19, 1947 in the People's Republic of Poland. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based |
| August 31 | The Hungarian Communist Party won a plurality of seats in elections to the Hungarian legislature. Hungarian Communist Party (in Hungarian Magyar Kommunista Párt or Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja) was founded on November 24, 1918, and Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic |
| October 5 | The Cominform was established in order to coordinate Communist parties under Soviet control. Cominform ( Com munist Inform ation Bureau) is the common name for what was officially referred to as the Information Bureau of the Communist A Political party described as a communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of Communism through a communist form of |
| November 27 | A speech to the Central Committee of the KSČ by Chairman Klement Gottwald denounced "reactionary forces" and triggered the purge of non-Communists from the Czechoslovakian security forces. Central Committee most commonly refers to the central executive unit of a Leninist (commonly also Trotskyist) or Communist party, whether ruling or The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak Komunistická strana Československa (KSČ was a political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between Klement Gottwald ( November 23, 1896, Dědice (Vyškov South Moravia Austria-Hungary (now the Czech Republic - March Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based During World War II, Czechoslovakia disappeared from the map of Europe. |
| December 30 | King Michael I of Romania was forced to abdicate. Michael King of the Romanians, Prince of Hohenzollern (born October 25, 1921) reigned as King of the Romanians (Maiestatea |
| 1948 | February 20 | Non-Communist ministers resigned from the Czechoslovakian parliament in order to force an election. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based During World War II, Czechoslovakia disappeared from the map of Europe. |
| February 21 | The KSČ established the Workers' Militia, banned non-Communists from television broadcasts, and occupied the non-Communist ministries. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak Komunistická strana Československa (KSČ was a political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between People's Militias (in Czech Lidové milice, in Slovak Ľudové milície) was a Paramilitary organisation of Communist Party of Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based |
| February 25 | Czechoslovakian president Edvard Beneš accepted the resignations of the non-Communist ministers and replaced them according to the demands of the KSČ. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Edvard Beneš ( pronounced) ( May 28 1884 Kožlany, Bohemia (then part of Austria-Hungary Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak Komunistická strana Československa (KSČ was a political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between |
| April 13 | A new Romanian constitution declared that country a People's Republic. |
| June 24 | Berlin Blockade: The Soviet Union blocked rail and road access to West Berlin. The Berlin Blockade (24 June 1948 – 11 May 1949 was one of the first major international crises of the Cold war. West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 |
| June 25 | Berlin Blockade: The commander of the American occupation zone ordered an airlift of supplies into West Berlin. The Allied powers who defeated Nazi Germany in World War II divided the country west of the Oder-Neisse line into four occupation zones for administrative West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 |
| June 28 | Yugoslavia was expelled from the Cominform. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Cominform ( Com munist Inform ation Bureau) is the common name for what was officially referred to as the Information Bureau of the Communist |
| September 9 | The Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, |
| 1949 | May 11 | Berlin Blockade: The Soviets lifted the blockade. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. |
| August 18 | A new Communist constitution came into force in Hungary. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based The People's Republic of Hungary or Hungarian People's Republic (Magyar Népköztársaság was the official state name of Hungary from 1949 to 1989 during its |
| August 29 | Joe 1: The Soviet atomic bomb project culminated in a successful test detonation. The RDS-1 (РДС-1 also Joe-1, was the USSR's first Nuclear weapon test, named in reference to Joseph Stalin. The Soviet project to develop an atomic bomb began during World War II in the Soviet Union. |
| 1950 | January 30 | Korean War: Regarding a mass invasion of the South, Stalin wrote to his ambassador to North Korea: "Tell him [Kim] that I am ready to help him in this matter. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, Kim Il-sung ( 15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994) was the leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea from its founding in early " |
| June 25 | Korean War: The North Korean army launched a 135,000 man surprise assault across the 38th parallel. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, The 38th parallel north is a Circle of latitude that is 38 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. |
| November 1 | Korean War: Soviet-piloted MiG-15s first crossed the Yalu River and attacked American planes. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Yalu River ( Chinese) or the Amnok River ( Korean) is a River on the border between China and North Korea. |
| 1952 | November 20 | Prague Trials: A series of show trials purged the Czech Communist Party of Jews and insufficiently orthodox Stalinists. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Slánský trial (officially Proces s protistátním spikleneckým centrem Rudolfa Slánského meaning "Trial of anti-state conspiracy centered around Rudolf Slánský" Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ |
| 1953 | January 13 | An article in Pravda accused some of the nation's most prominent doctors - particularly Jews - of participating in a vast conspiracy to poison top Soviet leaders. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pravda (Правда "The Truth" was a leading Newspaper of the Soviet Union and an official organ of the Central Committee of the PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The Doctors' plot ( Russian language: дело врачей (doctors' affair врачи-вредители (doctors-saboteurs or врачи-убийцы |
| March 1 | After an all-night dinner with party members Lavrenty Beria, Nikolai Bulganin, Nikita Khrushchev and Georgy Malenkov, Stalin suffered a paralyzing stroke. Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (ლავრენტი პავლეს ძე ბერია Lavrenti Pavles dze Beria; Russian: Лаврентий Павлович Nikolai Alexandrovich Bulganin (Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Булга́нин Nikolaj Aleksandrovič Bulganin; – February 24 1975 Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following Georgy Maximilianovich Malenkov (Гео́ргий Максимилиа́нович Маленко́в Georgij Maksimilianovič Malenkov; January 8, Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party |
| March 5 | Stalin died. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party |
| March 6 | Malenkov succeeded Stalin as Premier and First Secretary of the Communist Party. Georgy Maximilianovich Malenkov (Гео́ргий Максимилиа́нович Маленко́в Georgij Maksimilianovič Malenkov; January 8, Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party Premier of the Soviet Union is the commonly used English term for the offices of Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (Председатель The General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( First Secretary in 1953-1966 was the title synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union after |
| March 14 | Khrushchev became First Secretary. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following The General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( First Secretary in 1953-1966 was the title synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union after |
| April 3 | The Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party officially acquitted those arrested in connection with the so-called "doctors' plot". The Politburo ( in Russian: Политбюро, full Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, abbreviated |
| April 8 | First Indochina War: Viet Minh and Pathet Lao forces invaded Laos and attacked French bases there. The First Indochina War (also known as the French Indochina War, the The Anti-French War, the Franco-Vietnamese War, the Franco-Vietminh War, The Việt Minh (abbreviated from Việt Nam Ðộc Lập Ðồng Minh Hội, English "League for the Independence of Vietnam" was a National liberation The Pathet Lao ( Lao ປະເທດລາວ, "Land of Laos" was a communist, Nationalist Political movement and Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma The founding of the Fourth Republic (1944-47 See also Three Parties, Third Force (France European Unity The creation of the |
| June 16 | Uprising of 1953 in East Germany: In response to a 10 percent increase in work quotas, between 60 and 80 construction workers went on strike in East Berlin. The Uprising of 1953 in East Germany took place in June 1953 A strike by Berlin construction workers on June 16 East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 Their numbers quickly swelled and a general strike and protests were called for the next day. |
| June 17 | Uprising of 1953 in East Germany: 100,000 protestors gathered at dawn, demanding the reinstatement of old work quotas and, later, the resignation of the East German government. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state At noon German police trapped many of the demonstrators in an open square; Soviet tanks fired on the crowd, killing hundreds and ending the protest. |
| June 26 | Beria was arrested at a special meeting of the Presidium. Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (ლავრენტი პავლეს ძე ბერია Lavrenti Pavles dze Beria; Russian: Лаврентий Павлович The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet ( Президиум Верховного Совета in Russian, or Prezidium Verkhovnogo Soveta was a Soviet |
| July 27 | Korean War: An armistice was signed, ending the conflict. |
| September 7 | Khrushchev was confirmed as head of the Central Committee. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following The Central Committee, abbreviated in Russian as ЦК, "Tse-ka" was the highest body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU |
| 1954 | March 13 | Battle of Dien Bien Phu: Viet Minh forces loosed a massive artillery barrage against the surrounded French airbase at Dien Bien Phu. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) The Battle of Dien Bien Phu (Bataille de Diên Biên Phu Chiến dịch Điện Biên Phủ was the climactic battle of the First Indochina War between French Union The Việt Minh (abbreviated from Việt Nam Ðộc Lập Ðồng Minh Hội, English "League for the Independence of Vietnam" was a National liberation The founding of the Fourth Republic (1944-47 See also Three Parties, Third Force (France European Unity The creation of the For the 1992 film see Dien Bien Phu (film. For the 1954 battle see Battle of Dien Bien Phu. |
| May 7 | Battle of Dien Bien Phu: The battle ended in a French defeat. The founding of the Fourth Republic (1944-47 See also Three Parties, Third Force (France European Unity The creation of the |
| May 16 | Kengir Uprising: Prisoners at a Gulag adjacent to the Kazakh village of Kengir occupied the camp's service yard. The Kengir uprising was a prisoner uprising that took place in the Soviet Prison labor camp Kengir in May and June 1954 The Gulag was the government agency that administered the penal labor camps of the Soviet Union. The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (Қазақ Кеңестік Социалистік Республикасы Qazaq Keñestik Socialistik Respublikasi; Казахская Kengir is a village in central Kazakhstan. During the Soviet era, a Prison labor camp of Steplag division of Gulag in Kazakhstan |
| June 25 | Kengir Uprising: The prison camp at Kengir was invaded and subdued by Soviet troops and tanks. |
| July 21 | Geneva Conference (1954): The signing of the Geneva Accords promised a complete French withdrawal, partitioned Vietnam into a Communist North and a monarchist South, and scheduled unifying elections for July 1956. The Geneva Conference ( May 8 – July 21, 1954) was a conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore Peace in The founding of the Fourth Republic (1944-47 See also Three Parties, Third Force (France European Unity The creation of the Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN or less commonly Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa was a Country on the northern half of Vietnam A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or "RVN" redirects here RVN is also the former callsign of a TV station in Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia |
| 1955 | June 2 | Khrushchev and Tito issued the Belgrade declaration, which declared that "different forms of Socialist development are solely the concern of the individual countries. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following Since 1948 there was a sincere rift in the relationships between the USSR and the SFR Yugoslavia as Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito established a socialist " |
| July | Ho Chi Minh visited Moscow and agreed to accept Soviet aid. For the city named after him see Ho Chi Minh City. Hồ Chí Minh (name |
| 1956 | February 25 | At a closed session of the 20th Party Congress, Khrushchev read the "Secret Speech," On the Personality Cult and its Consequences, denouncing the actions of his predecessor Stalin. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was held during February 14 26 1956. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following On the Personality Cult and its Consequences (О культе личности и его последствиях commonly known as the Secret Speech or the Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party The speech weakened the hand of the Stalinists in the Soviet government. |
| April 17 | The Cominform was officially dissolved. Cominform ( Com munist Inform ation Bureau) is the common name for what was officially referred to as the Information Bureau of the Communist |
| June 28 | Poznań 1956 protests: Poles upset with the slow pace of destalinization turned to protests, and then to violent riots. The Poznań 1956 protests (also known as Poznań 1956 uprising or Poznań June (Poznański Czerwiec were the first of several massive protests of the Polish The People's Republic of Poland or Polish People's Republic ( Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL Russian |
| June 29 | Poznań 1956 protests: Konstantin Rokossovsky, the Polish minister of defense, ordered the military in to end the riots. Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovskiy (Рокоссо́вский Константи́н Константи́нович Konstanty Ksawerowicz Rokossowski ( &ndash August 3 1968 was The People's Republic of Poland or Polish People's Republic ( Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL Russian At least 74 civilians were killed. |
| July 16 | The Karelo-Finnish SSR became the Karelian ASSR of the Russian SFSR. The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (Karjalais-suomalainen sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta Карело-Финская Советская Социалистическая |
| October 19 | The liberal Władysław Gomułka was elected leader of the Polish Communist party. Władysław Gomułka ( February 6, 1905, Krosno - September 1, 1982) was a Polish Communist leader The Polish United Workers' Party (PUWP Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza - PZPR was a Communist party in the People's Republic of Poland from 1948 to 1990 |
| October 23 | 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A small pro-Gomułka demonstration in Budapest expanded into a 100,000 head protest. The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 ( Hungarian: 1956-os forradalom) was a spontaneous nationwide Revolt against the Stalinist government of Władysław Gomułka ( February 6, 1905, Krosno - September 1, 1982) was a Polish Communist leader Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, The protestors marched on Parliament; when they were fired on by the Hungarian Security Police, they turned violent and began to arm themselves. The State Protection Authority (Államvédelmi Hatóság or ÁVH) was the Secret police force of Hungary from 1945 until 1956 An emergency meeting of the Central Committee appointed the reformist Imre Nagy Prime Minister. Imre Nagy ( June 7, 1896 – June 16 1958) was a Hungarian politician appointed Prime Minister of Hungary on two occasions |
| October 31 | 1956 Hungarian Revolution: Hungary under Nagy withdrew from the Warsaw Pact. The People's Republic of Hungary or Hungarian People's Republic (Magyar Népköztársaság was the official state name of Hungary from 1949 to 1989 during its Imre Nagy ( June 7, 1896 – June 16 1958) was a Hungarian politician appointed Prime Minister of Hungary on two occasions The Warsaw Pact (see Nomenclature) was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. |
| November 4 | 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A Soviet invasion, involving infantry, artillery, airstrikes, and some 6,000 tanks entered Budapest. Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, 2,500 Hungarians were killed in the ensuing battle. The People's Republic of Hungary or Hungarian People's Republic (Magyar Népköztársaság was the official state name of Hungary from 1949 to 1989 during its |
| November 8 | 1956 Hungarian Revolution: Pro-Soviet János Kádár announced the formation of a new "Revolutionary Worker-Peasant Government," with himself as Prime Minister and leader of the Communist Party. János Kádár, né Giovanni Czermanik (his Italian first name was due to the laws of Fiume, his father the soldier János Kressinger denied paternity and refused The Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party ( Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt (MSZMP in Hungarian) was the ruling Communist party of Hungary during |
| December 2 | Cuban Revolution: Fidel Castro and his followers in the 26th of July Movement landed in Cuba. The Cuban Revolution refers to the revolution that led to the overthrow of the United States proxy ruler General Fulgencio Batista 's regime on January 1, Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born August 13 1926 is a Cuban revolutionary leader who was prime minister of Cuba from December 1959 to December 1976 and then president until The 26th of July Movement ( Spanish: Movimiento 26 de Julio; M-26-7) was the revolutionary organization planned and led by Fidel Castro that The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la |
| December 10 | Angolan War of Independence: Two Angolan independence movements united to form the Marxist Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola. The Angolan War of Independence (1961&ndash1974 Civil disobedience (1948-1959 See also 1950s in Angola The Portuguese Colonial Act passed on June Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola - Party of Labour (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola - Partido do Trabalho is an Angolan political party |
| 1957 | June 18 | Led by the Stalinist Anti-Party Group, the Presidium voted to depose Khrushchev as First Secretary. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) The Anti-Party Group was an epithet used by Nikita Khrushchev to describe Stalinist members of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the The Politburo ( in Russian: Политбюро, full Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, abbreviated Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following The General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( First Secretary in 1953-1966 was the title synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union after The Presidium reversed its vote under pressure from Khrushchev and the defense minister and deferred the decision to a later meeting of the full Central Committee. The Central Committee, abbreviated in Russian as ЦК, "Tse-ka" was the highest body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU |
| June 29 | A Central Committee vote affirmed Khrushchev as First Secretary and deposed Anti-Party Group members Molotov, Kaganovich, and Malenkov from the Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee. The Central Committee, abbreviated in Russian as ЦК, "Tse-ka" was the highest body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following The General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( First Secretary in 1953-1966 was the title synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union after The Anti-Party Group was an epithet used by Nikita Khrushchev to describe Stalinist members of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Molotov redirects here For other uses see Molotov (disambiguation. Georgy Maximilianovich Malenkov (Гео́ргий Максимилиа́нович Маленко́в Georgij Maksimilianovič Malenkov; January 8, The Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee was a key body within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and was responsible for the central administration of the party |
| 1958 | March 27 | Khrushchev replaced Bulganin as Premier of the Soviet Union. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following Nikolai Alexandrovich Bulganin (Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Булга́нин Nikolaj Aleksandrovič Bulganin; – February 24 1975 Premier of the Soviet Union is the commonly used English term for the offices of Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (Председатель |
| 1959 | January 1 | Cuban Revolution: Cuban president Fulgencio Batista fled Cuba for the Dominican Republic. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la General Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar (fulˈxensjo βaˈtista i salˈdiβar January 16, 1901 &ndash August 6, 1973) was a Cuban The Dominican Republic ( Spanish: República Dominicana;) is a nation located in the Caribbean region and shares the island of Hispaniola with |
| 1960 | April 16 | Sino-Soviet Split: A Chinese Communist Party newspaper accused the Soviet leadership of "revisionism. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Sino-Soviet split was a gradual divergence of diplomatic ties between the People's Republic of China (PRC and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the " |
| July 16 | Sino-Soviet Split: Moscow recalled thousands of Soviet advisers from China and ended economic and military aid. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National |
| December 20 | Vietnam War: The National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam was formed, with the intent to overthrow the government of South Vietnam. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia "RVN" redirects here RVN is also the former callsign of a TV station in Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia |
| 1961 | April 17 | Bay of Pigs Invasion: After a U. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Bay of Pigs Invasion (aka Playa Girón) was an unsuccessful attempt by a U S. bombing run against the Cuban air force, a group of 1,500 armed exiles landed at the Bay of Pigs on the southern coast. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la For the United States invasion at the Bay of Pigs see Bay of Pigs Invasion. As the invasion faltered, President John F. Kennedy called off the airstrikes. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of |
| April 20 | Bay of Pigs Invasion: Castro announced that all the invaders had been defeated. Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born August 13 1926 is a Cuban revolutionary leader who was prime minister of Cuba from December 1959 to December 1976 and then president until |
| August 13 | Construction began on the Berlin Wall. The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including |
| December 2 | In a nationally broadcast speech, Castro declared he was a Marxist-Leninist and that Cuba was going to adopt Communism. Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born August 13 1926 is a Cuban revolutionary leader who was prime minister of Cuba from December 1959 to December 1976 and then president until Marxism-Leninism is a Communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based |
| December 10 | Sino-Albanian split: The Soviet Union severed diplomatic ties with Albania. The Sino-Albanian split ( Chinese: 中阿破裂 Pinyin: Zhōng-Ā pòliè in 1978 saw the parting of the People's Republic of China (PRC and Socialist This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. |
| 1962 | June 2 | Novocherkassk massacre: Soviet workers gathered in the town square of Novocherkassk to protest an increase in food prices and work quotas. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Novocherkassk riots or massacre began on the June 2, 1962 in the city Novocherkassk, Soviet Union (now Russia) Novocherkassk (Новочерка́сск is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Tuzlov River and on The government fired on the rioters, killing nearly a hundred. |
| June 25 | Mozambican War of Independence: The Mozambican Liberation Front (FRELIMO) was founded. The Mozambican War of Independence was an Armed conflict between the Guerrilla forces of the Mozambique Liberation Front or FRELIMO (Frente de Libertação The Liberation Front of Mozambique, better known by the acronym FRELIMO, from the Portuguese Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (IPA /fɾeˈlimo/ |
| October 16 | Cuban Missile Crisis: President Kennedy was shown U-2 surveillance images of SS-4 launch sites in Cuba. The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation between the United States, the Soviet Union, and Cuba during the Cold War. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The R-12 Dvina (Р-12 «Двина» Dvina) was a Theatre ballistic missile developed and deployed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la |
| October 22 | Cuban Missile Crisis: Kennedy announced that any nuclear missile attack from Cuba would be regarded as an attack by the Soviet Union, and that the island would be placed under "quarantine" to prevent further weapons shipments. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la A blockade is any effort to prevent supplies Troops information or aid from reaching an opposing force |
| October 26 | Cuban Missile Crisis: The Soviet Union offered to withdraw the missiles in return for a U. S. guarantee not to invade Cuba or support any invasion. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la |
| October 28 | Cuban Missile Crisis: Khrushchev announced that he had ordered the removal of the Soviet missiles in Cuba. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la |
| 1964 | October 14 | Khrushchev's rivals in the party deposed him at a Central Committee meeting. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following The Central Committee, abbreviated in Russian as ЦК, "Tse-ka" was the highest body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin assumed power as First Secretary and Premier, respectively. Alexey Nikolayevich Kosygin (Алексе́й Никола́евич Косы́гин Aleksej Nikolajevič Kosygin; February 20 1904 - December The General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( First Secretary in 1953-1966 was the title synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union after Premier of the Soviet Union is the commonly used English term for the offices of Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (Председатель |
| 1965 | January 1 | The Marxist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) held its first congress. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (حزب دموکراتيک خلق افغانستان د افغانستان د خلق دموکراټیک ګوند PDPA was a Communist |
| 1967 | February 7 | Sino-Soviet split: The Chinese government announced that it could no longer guarantee the safety of Soviet diplomats outside the embassy building. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES |
| June 10 | The Soviet Union severed diplomatic relations with Israel. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. see Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli conflict |
| 1968 | January 5 | Prague Spring: The liberal Alexander Dubček was appointed to succeed Antonín Novotný as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Prague Spring ( Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during Alexander Dubček (November 27 1921 – November 7 1992 was a Slovak politician and briefly leader of Czechoslovakia (1968-1969 famous for his attempt to reform Antonín Novotný ( December 10, 1904 &ndash January 28, 1975) was President of Czechoslovakia from 1957 to 1968 and ruled as The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak Komunistická strana Československa (KSČ was a political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between |
| April 5 | Prague Spring: The Czech Communist Party published their Action Programme. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak Komunistická strana Československa (KSČ was a political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between The Action Programme is a political plan devised by Alexander Dubček and his associates in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ that was published on This document guaranteed a number of new freedoms including free speech, travel, debate and association. Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak freely without Censorship or Limitation. Freedom of movement, mobility rights or the right to travel is a Human rights concept which is respected in the Constitutions of numerous Freedom of association is the Individual right to come together with other individuals and collectively express promote pursue and defend common interests |
| August 20 | Prague Spring: Between 200,000 and 600,000 Warsaw Pact troops crossed the Czechoslovakian border. The Warsaw Pact (see Nomenclature) was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. |
| August 21 | Prague Spring: Leading KSČ liberals - including Dubček - were arrested, flown to Moscow and forced to repeal the reforms of the Prague Spring. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak Komunistická strana Československa (KSČ was a political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between Alexander Dubček (November 27 1921 – November 7 1992 was a Slovak politician and briefly leader of Czechoslovakia (1968-1969 famous for his attempt to reform Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of They agreed to the presence of Soviet troops in Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. |
| 1969 | March 2 | Sino-Soviet border conflict: A Soviet patrol came into armed conflict with Chinese forces on Zhenbao Island. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Sino-Soviet border conflict of 1969 refers to a series of armed border clashes between the Soviet Union and People's Republic of China at the height China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Zhenbao Island ( or Damansky Island (о́стров Дама́нский is a small island of in the Ussuri River on the border between Russia ( |
| June | Qahtan al-Shabi, president of the People's Republic of South Yemen, was overthrown and replaced by Salim Rubayi Ali of the Marxist National Liberation Front. The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, Democratic Yemen, South Yemen or Yemen (Aden was a Socialist republic in present-day southern and Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. |
| October 21 | Somali military and police occupied the capital of Mogadishu. Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known Mogadishu ( Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar, Hamar; مقديشو Maqadīshū The Supreme Revolutionary Council was established as the new government, with the Marxist revolutionary Siad Barre at its head. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Mohamed Siad Barre (Maxamed Siyaad Barre محمّد سياد بري) (b |
| 1973 | January 27 | Vietnam War: The Paris Peace Accords pledged the signatory parties to "respect the independence, sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of Vietnam as recognized by the 1954 Geneva Agreements on Vietnam," and promised a complete withdrawal of United States forces from Vietnam and Laos. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. The Paris Peace Accords (or Paris Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam) were signed on January 27, 1973 by the governments of the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma |
| 1974 | July 11 | The Soviet Union signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation with the Somali government. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known |
| September 12 | Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie was overthrown by a council of military officers, the Derg. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page Haile Selassie I ( Ge'ez: am ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ "Power of the Trinity " 23 July 1892 &ndash 27 August 1975 born Tafari Makonnen, was The Derg or Dergue was a communist military junta that came to power in Ethiopia following the ousting of Haile Selassie I. |
| December 20 | The Derg declared that socialism was the new ideology of the Ethiopian state. The Derg or Dergue was a communist military junta that came to power in Ethiopia following the ousting of Haile Selassie I. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page |
| 1975 | January 31 | Angolan War of Independence: A transitional unity government, consisting of the National Liberation Front of Angola, the Soviet-backed MPLA, and the Maoist UNITA, took office under the terms of the Alvor Agreement. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Front for the Liberation of Angola (Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola is a militant organization that fought for Angolan independence from Portugal The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola - Party of Labour (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola - Partido do Trabalho is an Angolan political party Maoism, variably and officially known as Mao Zedong Thought ( is a variant of Marxism derived from the teachings of the late Chinese leader The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola) is the second-largest Political party in Angola. |
| March 11 | Vietnam War: A large-scale North Vietnamese offensive began with the conquest of Buon Ma Thuot. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN or less commonly Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa was a Country on the northern half of Vietnam |
| March 27 | The Pathet Lao began a military offensive against the Laotian government. The Pathet Lao ( Lao ປະເທດລາວ, "Land of Laos" was a communist, Nationalist Political movement and Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma |
| April 30 | Fall of Saigon: The South Vietnamese capital of Saigon was captured by the Vietnam People's Army. The Fall of Saigon (in Vietnamese: Sự kiện 30 tháng 4 - April 30 Incident; Giải phóng miền Nam - The liberation of the south "RVN" redirects here RVN is also the former callsign of a TV station in Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia The Vietnam People's Army ( VPA) (Quân Đội Nhân Dân Việt Nam is the official name of the Armed forces of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. |
| June 25 | Mozambican War of Independence: The FRELIMO government received independence from Portugal. The Liberation Front of Mozambique, better known by the acronym FRELIMO, from the Portuguese Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (IPA /fɾeˈlimo/ Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Party leader Samora Machel, a Marxist, became the nation's first president. Samora Moisés Machel ( September 29, 1933 &ndash October 19, 1986) was a Mozambican military commander revolutionary socialist Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. |
| November 11 | Angolan Civil War: Portugal accepted a declaration of independence from the MPLA, which controlled the Angolan capital of Luanda. The Angolan Civil War began in Angola after the end of the war for independence from Portugal in 1975 Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola - Party of Labour (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola - Partido do Trabalho is an Angolan political party Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central For the mystic of the Han Dynasty see Luan Da. Luanda (formerly called Loanda) is the |
| December 2 | The king of Laos abdicated the throne, leaving leadership of the country to the Communist Pathet Lao. Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based The Pathet Lao ( Lao ປະເທດລາວ, "Land of Laos" was a communist, Nationalist Political movement and |
| 1977 | July 23 | Ogaden War: The Somali National Army invaded the Ogaden region in eastern Ethiopia. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays The Ogaden War was a conventional conflict between Somalia and Ethiopia in 1977 and 1978 over the Ogaden region of Ethiopia History Historically Somali society accorded prestige to the warrior (waranle and rewarded military prowess Ogaden (pronounced and often spelled Ogadēn ]] is the international name of the Somali Regional State in Ethiopia. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page |
| September 7 | Ogaden War: The Soviet Union ended its arms shipments to the Somali government. Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known |
| November 13 | Ogaden War: Barre cancelled the Somali-Soviet treaty of friendship. Mohamed Siad Barre (Maxamed Siyaad Barre محمّد سياد بري) (b Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known |
| 1978 | April 28 | Saur Revolution: Military units loyal to the PDPA assaulted the Afghan Presidential palace, killing President Mohammed Daoud Khan. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) The Saur Revolution (انقلاب ثور is the name given to the Communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan takeover of political power in Afghanistan The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (حزب دموکراتيک خلق افغانستان د افغانستان د خلق دموکراټیک ګوند PDPA was a Communist Daoud's Republic ( July 17, 1973 - April 28, 1978) was established after a Coup d'état in which the kingdom led by Mohammed Daoud Khan ( July 18, 1909 – April 28, 1978) was a politician in Afghanistan who overthrew the monarchy of Zahir Shah |
| May 1 | Saur Revolution: The PDPA installed its leader, Nur Muhammad Taraki, as President of Afghanistan. The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (حزب دموکراتيک خلق افغانستان د افغانستان د خلق دموکراټیک ګوند PDPA was a Communist Nur Muhammad Taraki ( July 15, 1913 – September 14, 1979) was an ethnic Pashtun Politician from Afghanistan The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was a Soviet -backed government in Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. |
| July | A rebellion against the new Afghan government began with an uprising in Nuristan. The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was a Soviet -backed government in Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. Nuristān (Pashto نورستان also spelled Nurestān) is a region embedded in the south of Hindu Kush valleys |
| December 5 | A treaty was signed which permitted deployment of the Soviet military at the Afghan government's request. The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was a Soviet -backed government in Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. |
| December 25 | Cambodian-Vietnamese War: The Vietnamese army invaded Cambodia. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East |
| 1979 | January 7 | Cambodian-Vietnamese War: The Vietnamese army captured Phnom Penh, ending the reign of the Khmer Rouge. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Phnom Penh ( Khmer: ភ្នំពេញ official Romanization Phnum Pénh; pʰnum pɯɲ is the Capital The Khmer Rouge (ខ្មែរក្រហម Kmae Krɑhɑɑm was the Communist ruling political party of Cambodia &mdashwhich it renamed |
| January 10 | Cambodian-Vietnamese War: The People's Republic of Kampuchea was established. History The PRK was established in January 1979 in line with the broad revolutionary program set forth by the Kampuchean (or Khmer National United Front for National Salvation |
| July 19 | The armed forces of the Marxist Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) entered Managua. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The Sandinista National Liberation Front ( Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional) is a socialist Nicaraguan Political party. Managua is the Capital city of Nicaragua as well as the department and municipality by the same name |
| September 14 | Taraki was murdered by supporters of Prime Minister Hafizullah Amin. Nur Muhammad Taraki ( July 15, 1913 – September 14, 1979) was an ethnic Pashtun Politician from Afghanistan Hafizullah Amin ( حفيظ الله امين) ( August 1, 1929 – December 27, 1979) was the second President of Afghanistan |
| December 24 | Soviet war in Afghanistan: Fearing the collapse of the Amin regime, the Soviet army invaded Afghanistan. The Soviet war in Afghanistan, also known as the Soviet-Afghan War or just the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, was a nine-year conflict involving Hafizullah Amin ( حفيظ الله امين) ( August 1, 1929 – December 27, 1979) was the second President of Afghanistan The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was a Soviet -backed government in Afghanistan between 1978 and 1992. |
| December 27 | Operation Storm-333: Soviet troops occupied major governmental, military and media buildings in Kabul, including the Tajbeg Presidential Palace, and executed Prime Minister Amin. Operation Storm-333 («Шторм-333» was the name of the special operation on December 27, 1979 in which Soviet troops stormed the Tajbeg Palace } Kābul ( Persian and Pashto: کابل, IPA:) is the Capital and largest city of Afghanistan, with Tajbeg Palace or Tapa-e-Tajbeg Palace is a Palace built in the 1920s and located about ten miles (16 km outside of the center of Kabul, Afghanistan Hafizullah Amin ( حفيظ الله امين) ( August 1, 1929 – December 27, 1979) was the second President of Afghanistan |
| 1980 | September 17 | The trade union Solidarity was founded in Poland. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) The People's Republic of Poland or Polish People's Republic ( Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL Russian |
| October 10 | The Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) was founded from an assortment of leftist and Communist Salvadoran revolutionary organizations. The Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (in Spanish: Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, FMLN) is a Left-wing political Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. |
| 1981 | December 13 | In response to the growing influence of Solidarity, Wojciech Jaruzelski, the First Secretary of the Communist Party, declared martial law in Poland. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 The Polish United Workers' Party (PUWP Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza - PZPR was a Communist party in the People's Republic of Poland from 1948 to 1990 Martial law in Poland (Stan wojenny w Polsce refers to the period of time from December 13, 1981 to July 22, 1983 |
| 1982 | January 25 | Suslov died after a severe stroke. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Mikhail Andreyevich Suslov ( Russian: Михаил Андреевич Суслов; November 21, 1902 - January 25, 1982 A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain |
| November 10 | Brezhnev died of a heart attack. |
| November 12 | Yuri Andropov was elected General Secretary of the CPSU. Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (Ю́рий Влади́мирович Андро́пов Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov) ( &ndash 9 February 1984 was a Soviet politician The General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( First Secretary in 1953-1966 was the title synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union after |
| 1983 | October 19 | The Grenadian military overthrew the government of Maurice Bishop and installed the pro-Soviet Stalinist Bernard Coard to lead the nation. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Grenada (grɪˈneɪdə is an Island nation that includes the southern Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea. Maurice Rupert Bishop ( May 29, 1944 &ndash October 19, 1983) was a Grenadian Stalinism is the political regime named after Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1929–1953 Winston Bernard Coard (born August 10, 1944) is a former Grenadian Deputy Prime Minister in the Revolutionary |
| October 25 | Invasion of Grenada: The United States and her Caribbean allies toppled the Coard government. The Invasion of Grenada, codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, was an Invasion of the nation of Grenada, an island in the Caribbean Sea 100 miles north The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Winston Bernard Coard (born August 10, 1944) is a former Grenadian Deputy Prime Minister in the Revolutionary |
| 1984 | February 9 | Andropov died after long kidney disease and was succeeded as General Secretary by Konstantin Chernenko. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (Ю́рий Влади́мирович Андро́пов Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov) ( &ndash 9 February 1984 was a Soviet politician The General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( First Secretary in 1953-1966 was the title synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union after Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (Константи́н Усти́нович Черне́нко Konstantin Ustinovič Černenko; 24 September 1911 &ndash 10 March 1985 was |
| 1985 | March 10 | Chernenko died of Emphysema. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (Константи́н Усти́нович Черне́нко Konstantin Ustinovič Černenko; 24 September 1911 &ndash 10 March 1985 was Emphysema is a chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease ( COPD) formerly termed a chronic obstructive Lung disease (COLD |
| March 11 | The Politburo unanimously supported Mikhail Gorbachev as General Secretary of the Communist Party. The Politburo ( in Russian: Политбюро, full Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, abbreviated Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician The General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( First Secretary in 1953-1966 was the title synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union after |
| 1988 | April 14 | Soviet war in Afghanistan: The Soviet government signed the Geneva Accords, which included a timetable for withdrawing their armed forces. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) The Geneva Accords, known formally as the agreements on the settlement of the situation relating to Afghanistan, were signed on 14 April 1988 between Afghanistan |
| April 27 | A strike at the V. I. Lenin Steel Mill in Nowa Huta touched off months of striking across Poland. Nowa Huta (ˈnɔva ˈxuta literally The New Steel Mill) - is the easternmost district of Kraków, Poland, (District XVIII see map) Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland |
| June 3 | Singing Revolution: The liberalization movement Sąjūdis was founded in Lithuania. The Singing Revolution is a commonly used name for events between 1987 and 1990 that led to the restoration of the independence of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania Sąjūdis (Reform Movement of Lithuania (Lietuvos Persitvarkymo Sąjūdis is the political organization which led the struggle for Lithuanian independence in the late 1980s Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the |
| October 9 | Singing Revolution: The Popular Front of Latvia was founded. The Popular Front of Latvia ( Latvijas Tautas Fronte in Latvian) was a political organization in Latvia in late 1980s and early 1990s which led Latvia to |
| 1989 | February 15 | Soviet war in Afghanistan: The last Soviet troops left the country. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) |
| April 4 | The Polish Round Table Agreement legalized independent trade unions and reinstated the Senate. The Polish Round Table Talks took place in Warsaw, Poland from February 6 to April 4 1989 The Senate ( Senat) is the upper house of the Polish Parliament. |
| June 4 | Free elections were held to the Polish parliament, resulting in a landslide Solidarity victory. The People's Republic of Poland or Polish People's Republic ( Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL Russian The National Assembly ( Zgromadzenie Narodowe) is the name of both chambers of the Polish Parliament, the Sejm and the |
| August 23 | Baltic Way: Two million people joined hands across Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania to demonstrate for independence. "Baltic Way" (also Baltic chain, Balti kett Baltijas ceļš Baltijos kelias is the event which occurred on August 23, 1989 when Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the |
| October 23 | The Hungarian parliament declared their country a republic. The People's Republic of Hungary or Hungarian People's Republic (Magyar Népköztársaság was the official state name of Hungary from 1949 to 1989 during its A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its |
| November 9 | The East German government loosened restrictions on travel into the West, effecting the end of the Berlin Wall. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including |
| November 11 | El Salvador Civil War: The FMLN launched an offensive which would capture part of San Salvador. The Salvadoran Civil War (1980–1992 was between the Right-wing Military government of El Salvador and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation The Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (in Spanish: Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, FMLN) is a Left-wing political San Salvador is the Capital and largest city of the nation of El Salvador. |
| November 17 | Velvet Revolution: An anti-Communist protest in Czechoslovakia was ended violently by the police. The " Velvet Revolution " (sametová revoluce nežná revolúcia ( November 16 &ndash December 29 1989) refers to a non-violent Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. |
| November 28 | Velvet Revolution: The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia announced the end of its monopoly on political power. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak Komunistická strana Československa (KSČ was a political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between |
| December 7 | Singing Revolution: The Lithuanian parliament ended the political monopoly of the Communist Party of Lithuania. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the The Communist Party of Lithuania (Lietuvos komunistų partija was a Communist party in Lithuania, established in early October 1918 |
| December 16 | Romanian Revolution of 1989: A protest broke out in Timişoara in response to an attempt by the government to evict a dissident Hungarian Reformed pastor, László Tőkés. The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a week-long series of increasingly violent riots and fighting in late December 1989 that overthrew the Communist regime of Nicolae Timişoara (pronunciation in Romanian: {{IPA|/timiˈʃo̯ara/}}; Hungarian: Temesvár, German: Temeschburg, Temeswar Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. The Reformed churches are a group of Christian Protestant Denominations formally characterized by a similar Calvinist system of doctrine historically László Tőkés ( born April 1, 1952, in Cluj) is an ethnic Hungarian politician in Romania, Bishop of the Romanian |
| December 25 | Romanian Revolution of 1989: Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu was captured in the countryside and executed. Nicolae Ceauşescu (nikoˈlaje tʃauˈʃesku (January 26 1918 – December 25 1989 was the communist dictator of Romania from 1965 until December 1989 when a revolution |
| 1990 | January 15 | The Bulgarian Communist Party repealed its constitutional supremacy. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) The Bulgarian Communist Party (Българска комунистическа партия / Balgarska Komunisticheska Partiya) was the ruling party of the People's Republic |
| February 23 | Singing Revolution: Elections in Lithuania gave Sąjūdis an absolute majority in the legislature. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Sąjūdis (Reform Movement of Lithuania (Lietuvos Persitvarkymo Sąjūdis is the political organization which led the struggle for Lithuanian independence in the late 1980s |
| March 11 | Singing Revolution: The Lithuanian government declared its independence from the Soviet Union. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the |
| March 18 | Singing Revolution: Elections to the Latvian Supreme Soviet gave the majority of seats to a pro-independence coalition, led by the Popular Front of Latvia. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. The Popular Front of Latvia ( Latvijas Tautas Fronte in Latvian) was a political organization in Latvia in late 1980s and early 1990s which led Latvia to |
| April 8 | The Hungarian Socialist Party received only 8% of the seats in elections to parliament. The Hungarian Socialist Party ( Hungarian: Magyar Szocialista Párt, MSZP is a Social Democratic party in Hungary. The National Assembly of Hungary ( Országgyűlés) is the national Parliament of Hungary. |
| June 9 | Velvet Revolution: Elections in Czechoslovakia reduced the Communist Party to a minority. A Czech legislative election took place on June 8 and June 9 1990. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, in Czech and in Slovak Komunistická strana Československa (KSČ was a political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between |
| August 21 | Conflict in Transnistria and Gagauzia: The Gagauz declared a new soviet republic on Moldavian soil. The War of Transnistria involved armed clashes on a limited scale that broke out between Transnistrian Republican Guard militia and Cossack units supported by the The Gagauz is predominantly Eastern Orthodox Turkic ethnic group in southern Moldova ( Gagauzia) and southwestern Ukraine ( The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Moldovan: Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ or Republica Sovietică Socialistă |
| 1991 | January 11 | January Events: Soviet troops violently seized important buildings in cities throughout Lithuania. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. January 1991 events in LatviaThe January Events (Sausio įvykiai were a series of events that occurred from January 11–13 1991 in Vilnius, Lithuania. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the |
| May 23 | The Moldavian SSR became the Republic of Moldova. The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Moldovan: Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ or Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania |
| June 12 | Russian presidential election, 1991: Boris Yeltsin was elected to the presidency of the Russian SFSR. Presidential elections were held in the Russian Federation on June 12, 1991. Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin () (1 February 1931 23 April 2007 was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999 |
| August 19 | Soviet coup attempt of 1991: A group of high-ranking officials calling themselves the State Emergency Committee announced that Gennady Yanayev was to replace Gorbachev as President of the Soviet Union. The 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt ( August 19 - August 21, 1991) also known as the August Putsch or August Coup was a three-day Gennady Ivanovich Yanayev ( Янаев Геннадий Иванович in Russian) (born August 26, 1937) Russian Politician Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician The President of the Soviet Union was the Head of State of the USSR from March 15, 1990 to December 25, 1991. |
| August 20 | Singing Revolution: The Estonian government declared its independence. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region |
| August 21 | Singing Revolution: The government of Latvia declared its independence. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. |
| Soviet coup attempt of 1991: The military refused State Emergency Committee orders to take the capital. The leaders of the coup were arrested. |
| August 24 | The Ukrainian parliament adopted the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (Верховна Рада України English: Supreme Council of Ukraine) is Ukraine 's Parliament The Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine (Акт проголошення незалежності України was adopted by the Ukrainian parliament on August |
| August 27 | Moldova declared independence. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania |
| August 30 | The Kyrgyz SSR became the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic redirects here For the Kazakh entity of that name see Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. Kyrgyzstan (ˈkɻ̩gɪztɑn (AmE or /'kɝgəztan/ (BrE Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан; Russian: Киргизия or Киргизстан or Кыргызстан |
| August 31 | The Republic of Kyrgyzstan declared independence. Kyrgyzstan (ˈkɻ̩gɪztɑn (AmE or /'kɝgəztan/ (BrE Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан; Russian: Киргизия or Киргизстан or Кыргызстан |
| September 6 | Singing Revolution: The Soviet Union recognized the independence of the Baltic states. The Baltic states (Balti riigid Baltijas valstis Baltijos valstybės or Baltic countries are three countries in Northern Europe, all members of the |
| Militants belonging to the separatist All-National Congress of the Chechen People (NCChP) stormed a session of the Supreme Soviet of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR. The All-National Congress of the Chechen People (NCChP of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria came to power on November 1, 1991 under president Dzhokhar The Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic or Chechen-Ingush ASSR (Чечено-Ингушская АССР was an Autonomous republic within NCChP leader Dzhokhar Dudaev was appointed to the presidency. Dzhokhar Musayevich Dudayev (Дудин Муса кант Жовхар Джохар Мусаевич Дудаев (February 1944 &ndash April 21 1996) was |
| October 27 | A national referendum confirmed the Dudaev presidency. Dzhokhar Musayevich Dudayev (Дудин Муса кант Жовхар Джохар Мусаевич Дудаев (February 1944 &ndash April 21 1996) was Dudaev unilaterally declared the independence of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria ɪʧˈkɛriə ( Chechen Latin: Noxçiyn Respublika Noxçiyçö Chechen Cyrillic: Нохчийн Республика Нохчийчоь |
| December 8 | The leaders of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine signed an agreement dissolving the Soviet Union and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States. Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. |
| December 26 | The Soviet Union was officially dissolved. |
| 1993 | September 21 | Russian constitutional crisis of 1993: Yeltsin announced the dissolution of the Russian legislature. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) The Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 began on 21 September when Russian President Boris Yeltsin dissolved the country's legislature ( Congress of People's Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin () (1 February 1931 23 April 2007 was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999 The legislature, in turn, responded by impeaching Yeltsin and declaring Aleksandr Rutskoy the new President of the Russian Federation. Alexander Vladimirovich Rutskoy (Russian Александр Владимирович Руцкой) (born September 16, 1947) is a Russian The President of Russia (Президент России or the President of the Russian Federation, Президент Российской |
| October 4 | Russian constitutional crisis of 1993: The army occupied the parliament building and arrested a number of its leaders. The White House (Белый дом also known as the Russian White House, is a Government building in Moscow. |
| December 12 | Russian constitutional crisis of 1993: A new Russian constitution was approved by referendum, vastly increasing the power of the presidency. For the constitution of the Imperial Russia see Russian Constitution of 1906 The current Constitution of the Russian Federation The President of Russia (Президент России or the President of the Russian Federation, Президент Российской |
| 1994 | August 2 | First Chechen War: The leader of the Russian-backed Provisional Council of the Chechen Republic announced his intention to overthrow the Dudaev government. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) The First Chechen War also known as the War in Chechnya was fought between Russia and Chechnya from 1994 to 1996 and resulted in Chechnya's Dzhokhar Musayevich Dudayev (Дудин Муса кант Жовхар Джохар Мусаевич Дудаев (February 1944 &ndash April 21 1996) was |
| December 11 | First Chechen War: Russian troops invaded Chechnya. The Chechen Republic (ˈʧɛʧɨn rɪˈpʌblɨk Чече́нская Респу́блика Chechenskaya Respublika; Нохчийн Республика Noxçiyn Respublika |
| 1996 | July 3 | Russian presidential election, 1996: Yeltsin narrowly defeated his Communist challenger, Gennady Zyuganov. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Presidential elections were held in Russia in 1996. Incumbent Russian President Boris Yeltsin was seeking a four-year term Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin () (1 February 1931 23 April 2007 was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999 Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Gennady Andreyevich Zyuganov or Guennady Ziuganov ( Генна́дий Андре́евич Зюга́нов) (born 26 June 1944) is a Russian |
| August 30 | First Chechen War: The Khasav-Yurt Accord was signed, signaling the end of the war. Khasav-Yurt Accord was a Ceasefire agreement that marked the end of the First Chechen War, signed in Khasavyurt on August 30, 1996 |
| 1999 | August 7 | Dagestan War: A Chechnya-based militia invaded the Russian republic of Dagestan in support of local separatists. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The Invasion of Dagestan, also known as the War in Dagestan and Dagestan War, began when the Chechnya -based Islamic International Peacekeeping The Chechen Republic (ˈʧɛʧɨn rɪˈpʌblɨk Чече́нская Респу́блика Chechenskaya Respublika; Нохчийн Республика Noxçiyn Respublika The Republic of Dagestan dæɡɪˈstɑːn (IntEng ˈdeɪɡəstæn (AmEng (Респу́блика Дагеста́н Дагъистанлъул ДжумхIурият Daɣistanłul |
| August 16 | The State Duma confirmed the appointment of Vladimir Putin as Prime Minister of Russia. The State Duma (Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya Duma common abbreviation Госдума (Gosduma in the Russian Federation is the Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, (Председатель Правительства Российской Федерации unofficially called the Prime-Minister |
| August 23 | Dagestan War: The militias began their retreat back into Chechnya. The Chechen Republic (ˈʧɛʧɨn rɪˈpʌblɨk Чече́нская Респу́блика Chechenskaya Respublika; Нохчийн Республика Noxçiyn Respublika |
| August 26 | Second Chechen War: The militia that had invaded Dagestan was bombed inside Chechnya. The Second Chechen War, in a later phase better known as the War in the North Caucasus, was launched by the Russian Federation starting August 26 The Republic of Dagestan dæɡɪˈstɑːn (IntEng ˈdeɪɡəstæn (AmEng (Респу́блика Дагеста́н Дагъистанлъул ДжумхIурият Daɣistanłul The Chechen Republic (ˈʧɛʧɨn rɪˈpʌblɨk Чече́нская Респу́блика Chechenskaya Respublika; Нохчийн Республика Noxçiyn Respublika |
| September 4 | Russian apartment bombings: A car bomb outside of an apartment building in Buynaksk killed sixty-four people. The Russian apartment bombings were a series of explosions that hit four apartment blocks in the Russian cities of Buynaksk, Moscow and Volgodonsk Buynaksk (Буйна́кск known as Temir-Khan-Shura (ru Темир-Хан-Шура before 1922 is a town in Dagestan, Russia, located at the |
| October 2 | Second Chechen War: Russian ground troops invaded Chechnya. The Chechen Republic (ˈʧɛʧɨn rɪˈpʌblɨk Чече́нская Респу́блика Chechenskaya Respublika; Нохчийн Республика Noxçiyn Respublika |
| December 8 | The treaty of creation of the Union of Russia and Belarus was signed. The Union of Russia and Belarus (Союз России и Белоруссии СРБ Soyuz Rossii i Byelorussii SRB) officially titled the Union State of Russia |
| December 31 | Putin succeeded Boris Yeltsin as President of the Russian Federation. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin () (1 February 1931 23 April 2007 was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999 The President of Russia (Президент России or the President of the Russian Federation, Президент Российской |
| 2000 | March 26 | Russian presidential election, 2000: Putin was elected president with 53 percent of the vote. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Russian presidential elections were held on March 26, 2000. Incumbent Prime Minister and acting President Vladimir Putin, who had succeeded Boris |
| August 12 | Russian submarine Kursk explosion: An explosion disabled the Russian submarine K-141 Kursk. On August 12, 2000, the Russian Oscar II class Submarine, ''Kursk'' sank in the Barents Background Work on building the Kursk began in 1992 at Severodvinsk, near Arkhangelsk. |
