| Tigris | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Origin | Eastern Turkey |
| Mouth | Shatt al-Arab |
| Basin countries | Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran |
| Length | 1,900 km (1,150 mi) |
The Tigris is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of Turkey through Iraq. Tigrisorg is an Open source software development community It hosts Software development services such as Web hosting, Mailing lists The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics.
Contents |
Etymology
The original Sumerian name was Idigna or Idigina, probably from *id (i)gina "running water",[1] which can be interpreted as "the swift river", contrasted to its neighbor, the Euphrates, whose leisurely pace caused it to deposit more silt and build up a higher bed than the Tigris. Sumerian ( " native tongue " was the language of ancient Sumer, spoken in Southern Mesopotamia since at least the 4th millennium BC This form was borrowed and gave rise to Akkadian Idiqlat. Either through a Persian intermediary or directly from Akkadian, the word was adopted into Greek as Tigris (which is also Greek for "tiger"). The tiger ( Panthera tigris) is a member of the Felidae family the largest and the most powerful of the four " Big cats quot in the Genus In the Hebrew Bible, the river was called חִדֶּ֫קֶל (Ḥiddẹqel, KJV Hiddekel)
In Turkish, diş means tooth and also explains "sharpness". The term Hebrew Bible is a generic reference to those books of the Bible originally written in Biblical Hebrew (and the related Biblical Aramaic Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Pahlavi tigr means "arrow", in the same family as Old Persian tigra- "pointed" (compare tigra-xauda), Modern Persian têz "sharp". Middle Persian is the Middle Iranian language/ethnolect of Southwestern Iran that during Sassanid times (224-654 CE became a Prestige dialect The Old Persian language is one of the two attested Old Iranian languages (besides Avestan) The Orthocorybantians ( Old Persian tigra-xauda "people with Pointy hats quot were a tribe of the Scythians. However, it does not appear that this was the original name of the river, but that it (like the Semitic forms of the name) was coined as an imitation of the indigenous Sumerian name. The Semitic languages are a Language family whose living representatives are spoken by more than 467 million people across much of the Middle East, This is similar to the Persian name of the Euphrates, Ufratu, which does have a meaning in Persian, but is still modeled after the Sumerian name Purattu.
Another name for the Tigris, used from the time of the Persian Empire, is Arvand Rud, literally Arvand River. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Today the name Arvand Rud is the Persian name for the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers which in Arabic is called Shatt al-Arab. The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language
The name of the Tigris in languages that have been important to the region:
| Language | Name for Tigris |
|---|---|
| Akkadian | Idiqlat |
| Arabic | دجلة, Dijla |
| Aramaic | דיגלת , Diglath |
| Armenian | Տիգրիս, Tigris |
| Greek | ἡ Τίγρης, -ητος, hē Tígrēs, -ētos;
ἡ, ὁ Τίγρις, -ιδος, hē, ho Tígris, -idos |
| Hebrew | חידקל , Ḥîddeqel |
| Hurrian | Aranzah[2] |
| Kurdish | Dîcle |
| Persian | Old Persian:Tigrā; Middle Persian:Tigr; Modern Persian:دجله Dijle |
| Sumerian | Idigna/Idigina  |
| Syriac | ܕܩܠܬ Deqlaṯ |
| Turkish | Dicle |
Description
The Tigris is approximately 1,900 km (1,180 miles) long, rising in the Taurus Mountains of eastern Turkey and flowing in a generally southeasterly direction until it joins the Euphrates near Al Qurna in southern Iraq. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Aramaic is a Semitic language with The Armenian language (hy հայերեն լեզու hajɛɹɛn lɛzu —, conventional short form) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c Hurrian is a conventional name for the language of the Hurrians (Khurrites a people who entered northern Mesopotamia around 2300 BC and had mostly The Kurdish language (Kurdish Kurdî or کوردی is a term used for the language spoken by Kurds. The Old Persian language is one of the two attested Old Iranian languages (besides Avestan) Middle Persian is the Middle Iranian language/ethnolect of Southwestern Iran that during Sassanid times (224-654 CE became a Prestige dialect Sumerian ( " native tongue " was the language of ancient Sumer, spoken in Southern Mesopotamia since at least the 4th millennium BC See Syriac (disambiguation for other uses Syriac (syr ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ leššānā Suryāyā) is an Eastern Aramaic language Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous For the Taurus Mountains on the moon see Montes Taurus. For Mount Taurus outside Cold Spring New York, see Bull Hill. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The two rivers together form the Shatt al-Arab waterway, which empties into the Persian Gulf. The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the The Tigris is joined by many tributaries, including the Diyala and both the Upper and Lower Zab rivers. The Diyala River (نهر ديالى Persian: دیاله Kurdish: Sirwan سيروان) is a River and tributary of the Tigris that
Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, stands on the banks of the Tigris. Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous The port city of Basra straddles the Shatt al-Arab. Basra ( BGN: AlBasrah also called Basorah Abillah and Uruk or IRAQ The name that British colony has adopted for Basra In ancient times, many of the great cities of Mesopotamia stood on or near the Tigris, drawing water from it to irrigate the civilization of the Sumerians. Sumer ( Sumerian: sux-Latn [[Ki (earth ki]]-[[EN (cuneiform en]]-'''ĝir15''', Akkadian: Šumeru; possibly Biblical Shinar Notable Tigris-side cities included Nineveh, Ctesiphon, and Seleucia, while the city of Lagash was irrigated by Tigris water delivered to it via a canal dug around 2400 BC. Nineveh ( Akkadian: Ninua; Aramaic: ܢܝܢܘܐ Hebrew נינוה Nīnewē; Arabic نينوى Naīnuwa) For the Spanish saint see Ctesiphon of Vergium. Ctesiphon (قطسيفون تیسفون was one of the great cities of the Persian Empire For the Syrian seaport of the same name that figures in the travels of Saint Paul see Seleucia Pieria. Lagash ( is modern Tell al-Hiba, Iraq. Located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk The 24th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2400 BC to 2301 BC Saddam Hussein's hometown, Tikrit, is also located on the river and derives its name from it. Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30 Tikrit (تكريت Tikrīt also transliterated as Takrit or Tekrit) is a town in Iraq, located
The Tigris has long been an important transport route in a largely desert country. It is navigable as far as Baghdad by shallow-draft vessels, but rafts are needed for transport upstream to Mosul. For the village in Azerbaijan see Mosul Azerbaijan. Mosul (الموصل Al Mūṣul, Kurdish: Mosul/Ninawa, Musul River trade declined in importance during the 20th century as the Basra-Baghdad-Mosul railway and roads took over much of the freight traffic. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation.
Management and water quality
The Tigris is heavily dammed in Iraq and Turkey, to provide water for irrigating the arid and semi-desert regions bordering the river valley. Damming has also been important for averting floods in Iraq, to which the Tigris has historically been notoriously prone following snowmelt in the Turkish mountains around April. Recent Turkish damming of the river has been the subject of some controversy, both for its environmental effects within Turkey and its potential to reduce the flow of water downstream. Mosul Dam, located on the Tigris, is the largest dam in Iraq. Mosul Dam ( Arabic, سد الموصل) formerly known as Saddam Dam ( Arabic,سد صدام is the largest Dam in Iraq
Coalition forces destroyed Iraq's water treatment plants during the 1990 Gulf War, affecting the water quality of the Tigris. Water treatment describes those processes used to make water more acceptable for a desired end-use Water quality is the physical chemical and biological characteristics of Water in relationship to a set of standards Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq the United States Agency for International Development has refurbished, expanded and improved water and sewage treatment plants and reports significant improvement in water quality. The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia The United States Agency for International Development (or USAID) is the United States federal government organization responsible for most non- military Wastewater treatment plant also called wastewater treatment works Sewage treatment – treatment and disposal of human waste [3]
Religion
The Tigris appears twice in the Bible. In the Book of Genesis, the Tigris is the third of the four rivers branching off the river issuing out of the Garden of Eden. Not to be confused with Eden Gardens.The Garden of Eden ( Hebrew "pleasure" גַּן עֵדֶן Arabic: جنات عدن, [4] Daniel received one of his visions "when I was by that great river the Tigris". Daniel (; Persian: دانيال, Dâniyal or Danial, also Dani, داني; Arabic: دانيال [5]
Mythology
In Sumerian mythology, the Tigris river was created by the god Enki, who ejaculated and filled the river with flowing water. Mesopotamian mythology is the collective name given to Sumerian Akkadian Assyrian and Babylonian mythologies from the land between the Tigris Enki ( Sumerian: dENKI(G 𒂗𒆠 was a Deity in Sumerian mythology, later known as Ea in Babylonian mythology Ejaculation is the ejecting of Semen from the Penis, and is usually accompanied by Orgasm. [6]
References
- ^ F. Delitzsch, Sumerisches Glossar, Leipzig (1914), IV, 6, 21.
- ^ E. Laroche, Glossaire de la langue Hourrite, Paris (1980), p. 55.
- ^ Assistance for Iraq: Water and Sanitation. USAID.
- ^ Genesis 2:14
- ^ Daniel 10:4
- ^ Jeremy A. Black, The Literature of Ancient Sumer, Oxford University Press 2004, ISBN 0199263116 p. 220-221
See also
- Assyria
- Cradle of civilization
- Euphrates
- Ilisu Dam Campaign campaign against a planned dam on Tigris in Turkey
- List of places in Iraq
- Mesopotamia
- Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh
- al-Qurnah
External links
Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture The cradle of civilization is any of the possible locations for the emergence of Civilization. The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת The Ilısu Dam Campaign is a UK based campaign working to stop the construction of the Ilısu Dam on the river Tigris in south east Turkey. This is a list of places in Iraq. Governorates of Iraq lists the regional administrative provinces and Districts of Iraq lists the subdivisions of those provinces Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding The Tigris-Euphrates river system is part of the Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh Ecoregion of the Middle East, and is characterized by two large Al-Qurnah (Qurna is a small village in southern Iraq about 74 km northwest of Basra, within the town of NahairatDictionary
Tigris
-proper noun
- A river in Southwest Asia flowing 1,150 miles east-southeast from Turkey through Iraq. It forms the eastern edge of classical Mesopotamia. It unites with the Euphrates River to form the Shatt-al-Arab before flowing into the Persian Gulf.
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic