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Tigran Petrosian
Full name Tigran Vartanovich Petrosian
Country Flag of the Soviet Union Soviet Union (Flag of Armenia Armenia)
Born June 17, 1929(1929-06-17)
Tbilisi, Georgia, Transcaucasian SFSR, USSR
Died August 13, 1984 (aged 55)
Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR
Title Grandmaster
World Champion 1963-1969
This article is about the chess player. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Հայաստանի Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն Azerbaijani: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The title Grandmaster is awarded to extremely strong Chess masters by the world chess organization FIDE. See also Development of the World Chess Championship The World Chess Championship is played to determine the World Champion in the Board game Chess Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For the footballer, see Tigran Petrosyan (footballer). Tigran Petrosyan ( Armenian: Տիգրան Պետրոսյան born on December 23, 1973 in Yerevan, Soviet Union) is a former
This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. Algebraic chess notation is used to record and describe the moves in a game of Chess.

Tigran Petrosian (Armenian: Տիգրան Պետրոսյան) (June 17, 1929 – August 13, 1984) was World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969. The Armenian language (hy հայերեն լեզու hajɛɹɛn lɛzu —, conventional short form) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) See also Development of the World Chess Championship The World Chess Championship is played to determine the World Champion in the Board game Chess

He is often known by the Russian version of his name, Tigran Vartanovich Petrosian (Russian: Тигран Вартанович Петросян). Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages He was nicknamed "Iron Tigran" due to his playing style because of his almost impenetrable defence, which emphasised safety above all else. [1] He was a Candidate for the World Championship on eight occasions (1953, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1971, 1974, 1977 and 1980), won the world championship in 1963 (against Botvinnik) and 1966 (against Spassky), thus he was the defending World Champion or a World Champion candidate in ten consecutive three-year cycles. See also Development of the World Chess Championship The World Chess Championship is played to determine the World Champion in the Board game Chess Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (mʲixaˈiɫ̺ mʌiˈs̺ʲɛjɛvʲiʧʲ bʌt̺ˈvʲin̺n̻ʲik Михаи́л Моисе́евич Ботви́нник) ( &ndash May Boris Vasilievich Spassky (also Spasskij (Бори́с Васи́льевич Спа́сский (born January 30, 1937) is a Russian French He won the Soviet Championship four times (1959, 1961, 1969, and 1975). This is a list of all the winners of the USSR Chess Championship. He was arguably the hardest player to beat in the history of chess[2].

Contents

Early years

A Soviet Armenian, Petrosian was born in the city of Tbilisi, Georgia, Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, USSR[3] and spent most of his childhood there. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Հայաստանի Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն Azerbaijani: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 He learned the game of chess at the age of eight, after entering a local chess school at the Tbilisi Pioneer's Palace (currently known as Tbilisi Children's Palace). Petrosian's first coach was Archil Ebralidze.

Petrosian's first important result was a shared 1st-3rd place at the 4th USSR Junior Championship, Leningrad 1945, with 11/15; he tied with Y. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Vasilchuk and A. Reshko. In the 6th Armenian Championship, Yerevan 1946, Petrosian won the title with 9/10. This is a list of all the winners of the Armenian Chess Championship. Yerevan (Երևան Երեւան or Երեվան ˌjɛrəˈvɑːn sometimes written as Erevan, Iravan, Erewan, Ayrivan, and Erivan But that same year at Leningrad for the Candidates to Masters event, he could only make 6. 5/15 for a shared 8th-11th place. In the 7th Georgian Championship, Tbilisi 1946, Petrosian scored 12. Winners Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari 5/19, and was second among Georgians; the winner Paul Keres (18/19) played hors concours ("far ahead of the competition"), and conceded just two draws, one of them to Petrosian. Paul Keres ( January 7, 1916 – June 5, 1975) was an Estonian Chess grandmaster. He failed badly at the USSR Championship semi-final, Tbilisi 1946, with just 6/17, for a shared 16th-17th place. This is a list of all the winners of the USSR Chess Championship. Petrosian claimed the title in the 5th USSR Junior Championship, Leningrad 1946, with an unbeaten 14/15. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River In the 1947 Armenian Championship, Petrosian shared 2nd-4th places, with 8. 5/11, behind Igor Bondarevsky, who played hors concours. Igor Zakharovich Bondarevsky ( Russian: Игорь Захарович Бондаревский) ( May 12, 1913, Rostov-on-the-Don, In the 1948 Championship of Caucasian Republics, Petrosian placed 2nd with 9/12, behind winner Vladimir Makogonov. Vladimir Andreevich Makogonov ( August 27, 1904 - January 2, 1993) was a Chess player from Azerbaijan. In the 8th Armenian Championship of 1948, Petrosian shared the title on 12. 5/13 with Genrikh Kasparian. Genrikh Gasparyan (Գենրիխ Գասպարյան February 27, 1910 in Tbilisi &mdash December 27, 1995 in Yerevan)

Moves to Moscow, Grandmaster

A significant step for Petrosian was moving to Moscow in 1949, where he began to play and win many tournaments. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Moscow, along with Leningrad and Kiev, were the three major Soviet chess cities. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the He won the 1951 tournament in Moscow, and began to show steady progress. By 1952 Petrosian became a Soviet and international Grandmaster in chess. A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. The title Grandmaster is awarded to extremely strong Chess masters by the world chess organization FIDE. Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players. Prior to taking up chess full time though, Petrosian was a caretaker and a road sweeper. [4] In 1952, he married Rona Yakovlevna Avinezar, a translator who was active in chess circles.

World title Candidate

His results in the triennial Candidates Tournament, held to determine the challenger to the world champion, showed a steady improvement: fifth at Zürich in 1953, equal third at Amsterdam in 1956, third in Yugoslavia in 1959. The Candidates Tournament was a triennial Chess tournament organized by the world chess federation FIDE as the final contest to determine the challenger for the Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian:

World Champion

In the 1963 World Championship cycle, he won the Candidates tournament at Curaçao in 1962, then in 1963 he defeated Mikhail Botvinnik 12. At the World Chess Championship 1963 Tigran Petrosian narrowly qualified to challenge Mikhail Botvinnik for the World Chess Championship, and then won the Curaçao (ˈkjuːrəsaʊ in English Dutch: Curaçao, Papiamento: Kòrsou) is an Island in the southern Caribbean Sea, Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (mʲixaˈiɫ̺ mʌiˈs̺ʲɛjɛvʲiʧʲ bʌt̺ˈvʲin̺n̻ʲik Михаи́л Моисе́евич Ботви́нник) ( &ndash May 5–9. 5 to become World Chess Champion. His patient, defensive style frustrated Botvinnik, who only needed to make one risky move for Petrosian to punish him. Petrosian is the only player to go through the Interzonal and the Candidates process undefeated on the way to the world championship match. Interzonal chess tournaments were tournaments organized by FIDE, the World Chess Federation Petrosian shared first place with Paul Keres at the Piatigorsky Cup, Los Angeles 1963, his first tournament after winning the championship. Paul Keres ( January 7, 1916 – June 5, 1975) was an Estonian Chess grandmaster. The Piatigorsky Cup was a triennial series of double round-robin grandmaster Chess tournaments held in the United States in the 1960s Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West

Petrosian defended his title in 1966, defeating Boris Spassky 12. Boris Vasilievich Spassky (also Spasskij (Бори́с Васи́льевич Спа́сский (born January 30, 1937) is a Russian French 5–11. 5, the first World Champion to win a title match while champion since Alekhine beat Bogoljubov in 1934. Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine (alʲɛkˈsandr̠ alʲɛkˈsandr̠ovʲiʨ aˈlʲɛxin Russian Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Але́хин) (October Efim Dmitriyevich Bogoljubow (Bogoljubov Bogolyubov (Ефи́м Дми́триевич Боголю́бов April 14, 1889 &ndash June 18, In 1968, he was granted a PhD from Yerevan State University for his thesis, "Chess Logic". "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. Yerevan State University (YSU (Երեվանի Պետական Համալսարան is a University, located in Yerevan, Armenia. In 1969 Spassky got his revenge, winning by 12. 5–10. 5 and taking the title.

He was the only player to win a game against Bobby Fischer during the latter's 1971 Candidates matches, finally bringing an end to Fischer's amazing streak of twenty consecutive wins (seven to finish the 1970 Palma de Mallorca Interzonal, six against Taimanov, six against Larsen, and the first game in their match). Robert James "Bobby" Fischer ( March 9 1943 – January 17 2008) was an American -born Chess Grandmaster Palma is the major City and port on the island of Majorca and capital city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain Interzonal chess tournaments were tournaments organized by FIDE, the World Chess Federation Mark Evgenievich Taimanov (Марк Евгеньевич Тайманов (born February 7, 1926, Kharkov) is a leading Russian Chess Jørgen Bent Larsen (born March 4 1935, Thisted) is a Danish Chess Grandmaster. Nevertheless Petrosian lost the match.

Stars for Soviet Union

Petrosian was not selected for the Soviet Olympiad side until 1958; he had already been a Candidate twice by that time. An Olympiad is a period of four years associated with the Olympic Games of Classical Greece. But he then made ten straight Soviet Olympiad teams from 1958 to 1978, won nine team gold medals, one team silver medal, and six board gold medals. His totals in Olympiad play, according to olimpbase. org, are (+78 =50 −1), for 79. 8 per cent. [5] His Olympiad results follow.

Petrosian also made the Soviet side for every European Team Championship held while he was alive, a total of eight selections, from 1957 to 1983. He won eight team gold medals, and four board gold medals. His totals in Euroteams play, according to olimpbase. org, are (+15 =37 −0), for 64. 4 per cent. [5] His Euroteams results follow.

Later career

Along with a number of other Soviet Chess champions, he signed a petition condemning the actions of the defector Viktor Korchnoi in 1976. A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players. Viktor Lvovich Korchnoi (also Korchnoy Kortchnoy Kortschnoi etc It was the continuation of a bitter feud between the two, dating back at least to their 1974 Candidates semi-final match which Petrosian withdrew from after five games while trailing 3. 5-1. 5 (+3−1=1). His match with Korchnoi in 1977 saw the two former colleagues refuse to shake hands or speak to each other. They even demanded separate eating and toilet facilities. Petrosian went on to lose the match and was subsequently fired as editor of Russia's largest chess magazine, 64. 64 is a Russian Chess and Draughts magazine published in Moscow. His detractors condemned his reluctance to attack and some put it down to a lack of courage. At this point however, Botvinnik spoke out on his behalf, stating that he only attacked when he felt secure and his greatest strength was in defence. Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (mʲixaˈiɫ̺ mʌiˈs̺ʲɛjɛvʲiʧʲ bʌt̺ˈvʲin̺n̻ʲik Михаи́л Моисе́евич Ботви́нник) ( &ndash May [4]

Some of his late successes included victories at Lone Pine 1976 and in the 1979 Paul Keres Memorial tournament in Tallinn (12/16 without a loss, ahead of Tal, Bronstein and others), shared first place (with Portisch and Huebner) in the Rio de Janeiro Interzonal the same year, and second place in Tilburg in 1981, half a point behind the winner Beliavsky. Lone Pine International was a series of Chess tournaments held annually in March or April from 1971 to 1981 in Lone Pine California. Paul Keres ( January 7, 1916 – June 5, 1975) was an Estonian Chess grandmaster. Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names Mikhail Tal (Mihails Tāls Михаил Нехемьевич Таль Mikhail Nekhemievich Tal, mʲixa'iɫ̺ n̻ʲɛ'xɛmjɛvʲiʨ t̺al̻ sometimes transliterated Mihails David Ionovich Bronstein (Дави́д Ио́нович Бронште́йн February 19 1924 &ndash December 5 2006) was renowned as a leading Lajos Portisch (born April 4, 1937 in Zalaegerszeg, Hungary) is a Hungarian chess Grandmaster, whose positional style earned Robert Hübner (born November 6, 1948 in Cologne, West Germany) is a respected German Chess Grandmaster, chess writer Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil Tilburg ( is a Municipality and a City in the Netherlands, located in the southern province of Noord-Brabant. Alexander Henrikhovich Beliavsky (sometimes transliterated as Belyavsky born December 17, 1953) is a Ukrainian Chess grandmaster. It was here that he played his last famous victory, a miraculous escape against the young Garry Kasparov. Garry Kasparov (Га́рри Ки́мович Каспа́ров) (born as Garry Kimovich Weinstein on April 13 1963 in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet [6] Petrosian died of stomach cancer in 1984 in Moscow. Stomach or gastric cancer can develop in any part of the Stomach and may spread throughout the stomach and to other organs particularly the Esophagus and Petrosian is buried in Vagankovo Cemetery and in 1987 13th World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov unveiled a memorial in the cemetery at Petrosian's grave which depicts the laurel wreath of world champion and an image contained within a crown of the sun shining above the twin peaks of Mount Ararat - the national symbol of Petrosian's native Armenia.

Chess legacy

He has two major opening systems named after him: the Petrosian variation of the King's Indian defence (1. In Chess the word " opening " has two common meanings both of which are discussed in this article The King's Indian Defence is a common Chess opening. It arises after the moves 1 d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. e4 d6 5. Nf3 O-O 6. Be2 e5 7. d5) and the Petrosian system in the Queen's Indian Defence (1. "qid" redirects here For the medical abbreviation see List of medical abbreviations#Q. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 b6 4. a3).

He is most famous for being one of the best players pioneering the theory of prophylaxis, years after Aron Nimzowitsch. Prophylaxis ( Greek προφυλαξις "prophylaxis" guarding or preventing beforehand) or a prophylactic move in Chess stops the opponent Aron Nimzowitsch ( Ārons Ņimcovičs; born Aron Niemzowitsch and also known as Nimzovich) (7 November 1886 – 16 March 1935 was a Latvian His style of play was often highly strategical, notable for anticipating opponent's possible attacks, and he based many of his games on avoidance of error, content with accumulating small advantages. His games are now widely used for instruction in chess schools around the world. He was also the chief editor of the chess magazine, "Shakhmatnaya Moskva" ("The Chess Moscow") from 1963–66.

Quotations

References

  1. ^ Vasiliev 1974:27 and Kasparov 2004:7, 16, 62, 80
  2. ^ (Edmonds & Eidinow 2004:48)
  3. ^ Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, Vol. Tigran Petrosian (Տիգրան Պետրոսյան ( June 17, 1929 &ndash August 13, 1984) was World Chess Champion from 1963 8, Tbilisi, 1984, pp. 51
  4. ^ a b "Chess" Magazine - September 1984
  5. ^ a b Petrosian, Tigran team chess records at olimpbase. org
  6. ^ Kasparov–Petrosian, Tilburg 1981 at Chessgames.com
  7. ^ Kasparov 2004, p. ChessGamescom is a large Chess community on the Internet with over 100000 members  80

Sources

External links

Preceded by
Mikhail Botvinnik		 World Chess Champion
1963–1969		 Succeeded by
Boris Spassky
ChessGamescom is a large Chess community on the Internet with over 100000 members Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik (mʲixaˈiɫ̺ mʌiˈs̺ʲɛjɛvʲiʧʲ bʌt̺ˈvʲin̺n̻ʲik Михаи́л Моисе́евич Ботви́нник) ( &ndash May See also Development of the World Chess Championship The World Chess Championship is played to determine the World Champion in the Board game Chess Boris Vasilievich Spassky (also Spasskij (Бори́с Васи́льевич Спа́сский (born January 30, 1937) is a Russian French
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