Fremont Bridge in Portland, Oregon is the second-longest tied arch bridge in the world. The Fremont Bridge is a steel Tied arch bridge over the Willamette River located in Portland Oregon. Portland is a city located in the Northwestern United States, near the Confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers In this case the half-arches on either end of the bridge terminate atop slender raised piers. The horizontal forces of the main arch and the outer half-arches balance at the ground level foundations.

A tied arch bridge is a truss bridge in which the outward-directed horizontal forces of the arch, or top chord, are borne as tension by the bottom chord (either tie-rods or the deck itself), rather than by the ground or the bridge foundations. A truss bridge is a Bridge composed of connected elements (typically straight which may be stressed from tension, compression, or sometimes both in response Thrusts downward on such a bridge's deck are translated, as tension, by vertical ties of the deck to the curved top chord, tending to flatten it and thereby to push its tips outward into the abutments, like other arch bridges. However in a tied-arch or bowstring bridge, these movements are restrained not by the abutments but by the bottom chord, which ties these tips together, taking the thrusts as tension, rather like the string of a bow that is being flattened. Therefore the design is often called a 'bowstring arch' or 'bowstring girder' bridge. The elimination of horizontal forces at the abutments allows tied-arch bridges to be constructed with less robust foundations; thus they can be situated atop elevated piers or in areas of unstable soil. An abutment is an end support of a Bridge Superstructure. Abutments are used for the following purposes to transmit the reaction of ^[1] In addition, since they do not depend on horizontal compression forces for their integrity, tied arch bridges can be prefabricated offsite, and subsequently floated, hauled or lifted into place. A notable case of these procedures was the installation of the Fremont Bridge.

References

1. ^ For a nontechnical exposition, see J. E. Gordon, Structures; or Why Things Don't Fall Down (London: Penguin, 1978), pp. 208f.

Gallery of Tied Arch Bridges

Pennybacker Bridge is a traditional arch bridge. The Pennybacker Bridge in Austin Texas Bridges Lake Austin to connect north and south Loop 360 highway also known as the "Capital Note that the arches terminate at ground-level abutments, which provide the squeezing force which holds the bridge up.	The Fort Pitt Bridge is a tied arch bridge. The Fort Pitt Bridge is a steel double decker bowstring arch bridge that spans the Monongahela River near its confluence with the Allegheny River Note that the arches terminate atop slender raised piers, which provide no squeezing force; tension in the road deck holds up the arch.	Torikai ohhasi (Torikai big bridge) 鳥飼大橋 - over the Yodo river, Osaka, Japan	The under-construction Haggerston bridge will carry the London Overground across the Regent's Canal from 2010. London Overground (LO is a Commuter rail service in London UK. The Regent's Canal is a Canal across an area just to the north of central London, England.
Eldest in the gallery, The Blackfriars Street Bridge is an 1875 cast-iron structure, still carrying motor and pedestrian traffic in the center of London, Ontario, Canada. The Blackfriars Street Bridge in London Ontario, Canada is a Wrought iron, through bowstring truss or Tied arch Bridge, placed across	Windsor Railway Bridge designed by Brunel and built in 1849. Windsor Railway Bridge is a wrought iron ' bow and string ' bridge in Windsor Berkshire, designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel. Isambard Kingdom Brunel, FRS (9 April 1806 &ndash 15 September 1859 (ˈɪzəmbɑrd ˈkɪŋdəm brʊˈnɛl was a British Engineer.