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A stock symbol or ticker symbol is a mnemonic used to uniquely identify publicly-traded shares of a corporation on a particular stock market. A mnemonic device (nəˈmɒnɪk is a Memory aid Commonly met mnemonics are often verbal something such as a very short poem or a special word used to help a person remember Software for Fixed assets management and Stock control developed in 2004. A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business A stock market, or (equity market is a private or public market for the trading of company Stock and derivatives of company A stock symbol may consist of letters, numbers or a combination of both. The word "ticker" used to mean "ticker symbol" is specific to U. S. stock symbols.

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U. S stock symbol history

In the United States, modern letter-only ticker symbols were developed by Standard & Poor's (S&P) to bring a national standard to investing. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Standard & Poor's ( S&P) is a division of McGraw-Hill that publishes financial research and analysison Stocks and bonds. Previously, a single company could have many different ticker symbols as they varied between the dozens of individual stock markets. The term ticker refers to the noise made by the ticker tape machines once widely used by stock exchanges. Ticker tape was used by ticker tape machines, the Ticker tape timer stock ticker machines, or just stock tickers.

The S&P system was later standardized by the securities industry and modified as years passed. Stock symbols for preferred stock have not been standardized. Preferred stock, also called preferred shares or preference shares, is typically a higher ranking stock than Voting shares, and its terms are negotiated [1]

Examples of U. S. stock symbols

Formerly, a glance at a U. Berkshire Hathaway ( for supervoting shares and for nonvoting shares is a conglomerate Holding company headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska The Coca-Cola Company ( is the world's largest beverage company largest manufacturer distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and Syrups in the world Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer Target Corporation ( is an American Retailing company that was founded in Minneapolis Minnesota in 1902 Wal-Mart Stores Inc (or Walmart as written in its new logo is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large discount department stores 3M Company ( formerly Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company until 2002 is an American multinational conglomerate corporation with a worldwide Pulte Homes Inc ( is a Bloomfield Hills MI based company founded by Bill Pulte. Infineon Technologies AG () was founded in April 1999 when the Semiconductor operations of parent company Siemens AG, were spun off to form a separate Texas Instruments ( better known in the electronics industry (and popularly as TI, is an American company based in Dallas, Texas, USA Qimonda AG ( (pronounced "key-MON-duh" is a Memory company split out of Infineon Technologies AG on May 1 2006 to form the second S. stock symbol and its appended codes would allow an investor to determine where a stock trades; however in July 2007, the SEC approved a plan to allow companies moving from the New York Stock Exchange to the Nasdaq to retain their three letter symbols. When first implemented, the change did not apply to companies with one or two letter symbols,[2] but subsequently any stock was able to move from the NYSE to the Nasdaq without changing its symbol. CA, Inc., which trades under the symbol CA, moved from the NYSE to the Nasdaq in April 2008 and kept its two-letter symbol. CA Inc &mdash formerly Computer Associates Inc &mdash is a multinational Computer software corporation headquartered in Islandia New York. [3]

Single-letter ticker symbols

Interpreting the symbol

Stock symbols are unique identifiers assigned to each security traded on a market. Ryder System Inc ( or Ryder, is an American -based provider of Transportation, and Supply chain management solutions with global operations Sprint Nextel Corporation ( is a Telecommunications company based in Overland Park, Kansas. Before proposing a merge request please see Talk and see if the merger you propose has recently been made and The United States Steel Corporation ( is an integrated Steel producer with major production operations in the United States, Canada, and Central Europe Alleghany Corporation ( was incorporated by the Railroad entrepreneurs Oris and Mantis Van Sweringen as a holding company for their interests Some companies use a well-known product as their ticker symbol. Anheuser-Busch, the brewer of Budweiser beer, uses "BUD" as its three-letter ticker, symbolising its premier product, while rival Molson Coors Brewing Company uses a similarly beer-related symbol, "TAP. Anheuser-Busch Companies Inc ( (ˈænhаɪzər bʊʃ is the largest Brewing company in the United States with a 48 Molson Coors Brewing Company () is a company that was created by the merger of two of North America's largest breweries: Molson of Canada, and Coors " Genentech uses the symbol "DNA," relating to their biochemical research, while Southwest Airlines pays tribute to its headquarters at Love Field in Dallas through its "LUV" symbol. Genentech Inc ( a composite of Genetic Engineering Technology Inc Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) is a Nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known Southwest Airlines Co ( is an American low-cost Airline based in Dallas Texas, with its largest focus city at Las Vegas ' McCarran Dallas Love Field is a city-owned public-use Airport located five Nautical miles (9 km) northwest of the Central business district of Cedar Fair Entertainment Company, which operates large amusement parks in the United States, uses "FUN" as their symbol, while Steinway Musical Instruments uses the symbol "LVB", to honor composer and pianist Ludwig van Beethoven. Cedar Fair Entertainment Company, legally known as Cedar Fair L Steinway Musical Instruments Inc ( is a musical instrument manufacturing conglomerate Starting August 27, 2007, Sun Microsystems uses the symbol "JAVA" for its Java programming language. Sun Microsystems Inc ( is a multinational vendor of Computers computer components Computer software, and Information technology services

Prior to the 1999 merger with Mobil Oil, Exxon used a phonetic spelling of the company "XON" as its ticker symbol. The symbol of the firm after the merger was "XOM". AT&T's ticker symbol is simply "T"; accordingly, the company is referred to simply as "Telephone" on Wall Street (the T symbol is so well-known that when the company was purchased by SBC, it took the AT&T name, capitalizing on its history and keeping the desired single letter symbol). Before proposing a merge request please see Talk and see if the merger you propose has recently been made and

After Hewlett-Packard merged with Compaq computer, the new firm took on the ticker symbol "HPQ". Compaq Computer Corporation was an American Personal computer company founded in 1982 and is now a brand name of Hewlett-Packard. (The former firms were HWP and CPQ. )

NYSE "behind the dot" or Nasdaq 5th-letter codes and other special codes
A - Class "A" K - Nonvoting (common) U - Units
B - Class "B" L - Miscellaneous V - Pending issue and distribution
C - Continuance - or Nasdaq exception M - 4th class - preferred shares W - Warrants
D - New issue N - 3rd class - preferred shares X - Mutual fund
E - Delinquent SEC filings O - 2nd class - preferred shares Y - American Depositary Receipt (ADR)
F - Foreign P - 1st class preferred shares Z - Miscellaneous situations
G - First convertible bond Q - In bankruptcy Special codes
H - 2nd convertible bond R - Rights . Preferred stock, also called preferred shares or preference shares, is typically a higher ranking stock than Voting shares, and its terms are negotiated In Finance, a warrant is a security that entitles the holder to buy stock of the company that issued it at a specified price which is usually higher than the stock A mutual fund is a professionally managed type of collective investments that pools money from many investors and Invests it in Stocks bonds, An SEC filing is a Financial statement or other formal document submitted to the U An American Depositary Receipt (or ADR represents the ownership in the shares of a foreign company trading on US financial markets In Finance, a convertible bond (or convertible debenture is a type of bond that can be converted into shares of Stock in the issuing company Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their Creditors Creditors may file a bankruptcy petition against PK - A Pink Sheet, indicating over-the-counter
I - 3rd convertible bond S - Shares of beneficial interest SC - Nasdaq Small Cap
J - Voting share - special T - With warrants or rights NM - Nasdaq National Market

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, prior to 1996, stock codes were known as EPICs, named after the London Stock Exchange's Exchange Price Information Computer (e. Pink Quote informally known as the Pink Sheets, is an electronic quotation system operated by Pink OTC Markets that displays quotes from Broker-dealers for many Over-the-counter ( OTC) trading is to Trade Financial instruments such as Stocks bonds, commodities or derivatives The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) The London Stock Exchange or LSE is a Stock exchange located in London, England. g. : "MKS" for Marks and Spencer). Marks & Spencer Group plc (also M&S, Marks and Sparks, and Marks) is a British Retailer with 843 stores in more than 30 Following the introduction of the Sequence trading platform in 1996 EPICs were renamed Tradable Instrument Display Mnemonics (TIDM), but they are still widely referred to as EPICs. Stocks can also be identified using their Stock Exchange Daily Official List (SEDOL) number. SEDOL stands for Stock Exchange Daily Official List, a list of security identifiers used in the United Kingdom and Ireland for clearing purposes

International

Stock symbols are indispensable for stock market work in non-European countries. In countries where Arabic script is used, and in East Asia, translated Roman script versions of company names may be confusing to an unpracticed Western reader; stock symbols provide a simple means of clear communication in the workplace. The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing several languages of Asia and Africa such as Arabic, Persian, and Urdu. Many Asian countries use numerical or alphanumerical ticker symbols instead of characters to facilitate international trade.

The most prevalent standard used for international trade is the International Securities Identifying Number (ISIN). An International Securities Identifying Number (ISIN uniquely identifies a security. An ISIN uniquely identifies a security. A security is a Fungible, Negotiable instrument representing financial value Its structure is defined in ISO 6166. ISO 6166 defines the structure of an International Securities Identifying Number ( ISIN) Securities for which ISINs are issued include bonds, commercial paper, equities and warrants. In Finance, a bond is a Debt security, in which the authorized issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to repay the principal and Interest Commercial paper is an unsecured Promissory note with a fixed maturity of one to 270 days Software for Fixed assets management and Stock control developed in 2004. In Finance, a warrant is a security that entitles the holder to buy stock of the company that issued it at a specified price which is usually higher than the stock The ISIN code is a 12-character alpha-numerical code that does not contain information characterizing financial instruments but serves for uniform identification of a security at trading and settlement. Settlement (of securities is the process whereby securities or interests in securities are delivered usually against payment to fulfill Contractual obligations

Securities with which ISINs can be used include debt securities, shares, options, derivatives and futures. The ISIN identifies the security, not the exchange (if any) on which it trades; it is not a ticker symbol. A stock exchange, share market or bourse is a Corporation or Mutual organization which provides "trading" facilities for Stock For instance, Daimler AG stock trades on twenty-two different stock exchanges worldwide, and is priced in five different currencies; it has the same ISIN on each, though not the same ticker symbol. Daimler AG ( (formerly DaimlerChrysler AG) is a German car corporation (not to be confused with the British car-maker Daimler Motor Company) and ISIN cannot specify a particular trade in this case, and another identifier, typically the three-letter exchange code, will have to be specified in addition to the ISIN. The SEDOL board of the London Stock Exchange is currently revising their own standards to address this issue. SEDOL stands for Stock Exchange Daily Official List, a list of security identifiers used in the United Kingdom and Ireland for clearing purposes The London Stock Exchange or LSE is a Stock exchange located in London, England.

See also

References

  1. ^ Preferred Ticker Symbols and Names - QuantumOnline.com
  2. ^ UPDATE 1-SEC allows Nasdaq to list 3-letter ticker symbols
  3. ^ http://www.ca.com/us/press/release.aspx?cid=174409 CA Announces Move to NASDAQ

External links

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