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The Tibesti, including Emi Koussi summit, seen from the International Space Station
The Tibesti, including Emi Koussi summit, seen from the International Space Station

The Tibesti Mountains are a group of dormant volcanoes forming a mountain range in the central Sahara desert in the Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Region of northern Chad. A mountain range is a chain of Mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by passes or valleys The Sahara (الصحراء الكبرى aṣ-ṣaḥrā´ al-kubra, "The Great Desert" is the world's largest hot Desert and the world's second largest A desert is a Landscape or region that receives very little precipitation. The Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti (BET is one of the 18 regions of Chad, its capital is Faya-Largeau. Chad (Tchad تشاد Tshād) officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a Landlocked country in Central Africa. The northern slopes extend a short distance into southern Libya. Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab

The mountains are the largest and highest range in the Sahara. The highest peak is Emi Koussi, 3,415 m. Emi Koussi is a high Shield volcano that lies at the south end of the Tibesti Mountains in the central Sahara of northern Chad. Other summits include Kegueur Terbi (3,376 m), Tarso Taro (3,325 m), the active volcano Pic Tousside (3,265 m) and Soborom (3,100 m). Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the Toussidé (also known as Tarso Toussidé) rises 3265 metres above sea level the westernmost Volcano of the Tibesti Mountains. While the high peaks themselves are all constituted of volcanic material, the mountains stand on broad uplifted area possibly caused by a mantle plume. Tectonic uplift is a geological process most often caused by Plate tectonics which increases elevation A mantle plume is an upwelling of abnormally hot rock within the Earth's mantle.

The range has a substantially wetter climate than the arid surrounding desert; annual rainfall is estimated at five inches (12 cm) in some of the highest areas of the mountains. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of

The area has long been home to the Toubou people, there been trading relations between them and Carthage as far back as the 500s BC. The Toubou (also called Tebu or Tubu or Tebou) are an Ethnic group that live mainly in northern Chad, but also in Libya Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers The main town in the area is Bardaï, while Zouar and Aouzou are smaller settlements. Bardaï is a small town and Oasis in the extreme north of Chad, the main town of the Tibesti area, one of the four departments of the Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Zouar is a town in the Tibesti Department in the BET Region in northern Chad, in an Oasis in the Tibesti Mountains.

The mountains are known for their cave paintings, mostly dating from the 5th to the 3rd millennium BC, and for the geysers and hot springs around Soboroum. Cave paintings are Paintings on Cave walls and ceilings and the term is used especially for those dating to Prehistoric times The 5th millennium BC saw the spread of Agriculture from the Near East throughout southern and central Europe The 3rd millennium BC spans the Early to Middle Bronze Age. It represents a period of time in which Imperialism, or the desire to conquer grew to prominence A geyser is a Hot spring characterized by intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accomplished by a vapour phase A hot spring is a spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally heated Groundwater from the earth's crust.

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