Thymidine
Identifiers
CAS number	[50-89-5]
PubChem	1134
MeSH	Thymidine
SMILES	CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)C2CC(C(O2)CO)O
Properties
Molecular formula	C10H14N2O5
Molar mass	242. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 229
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Thymidine (more precisely called deoxythymidine; can also be labelled deoxyribosylthymine, and thymine deoxyriboside) is a chemical compound, more precisely a pyrimidine deoxynucleoside. In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition. A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. Pyrimidine is a Heterocyclic Aromatic Organic compound similar to Benzene and Pyridine, containing two Nitrogen Atoms Deoxythymidine is the DNA nucleoside T, which pairs with deoxyadenosine (A) in double-stranded DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) is a Nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known In cell biology it is used to synchronize the cells in S phase.

Structure and properties

In its composition, deoxythymidine is deoxyribose (a pentose sugar) joined to the pyrimidine base thymine. Deoxyribose, also known as D-Deoxyribose and 2-deoxyribose, is an Aldopentose &mdash a Monosaccharide containing five Carbon Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. Pyrimidine is a Heterocyclic Aromatic Organic compound similar to Benzene and Pyridine, containing two Nitrogen Atoms Thymine is one of the four bases in the Nucleic acid of DNA that make up the letters ATGC

Deoxythymidine can be phosphorylated with one, two or three phosphoric acid groups, creating respectively dTMP, dTDP or dTTP ((deoxy)thymidine mono- di- or triphosphate).

It exists in solid form as small white crystals or white crystalline powder, has a molecular weight of 242. A solid' object is in the States of matter characterized by resistance to Deformation and changes of Volume. In Materials science, a crystal is a Solid in which the constituent Atoms Molecules or Ions are packed in a regularly ordered repeating The molecular mass (abbreviated m of a substance, more commonly referred to as molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the Mass of one 229 u, and has a melting point of 185 °C. The unified atomic mass unit ( u) or Dalton ( Da) or sometimes universal mass unit, is an unit of Mass used to express The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. The stability of deoxythymidine under standard temperature and pressure (STP) is very high. In Physical sciences standard conditions for temperature and pressure are Standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements to allow comparisons to be made

Deoxythymidine is non-toxic and as part of one of the four nucleotides in DNA it is a naturally occurring compound that exists in all living organisms and DNA viruses. RNA has uridine (uracil joined to ribose) instead. Uracil is chemically very similar to thymine, the latter being 5-methyluracil. Since thymine nucleotides are precursors of DNA, not RNA, the prefix "deoxy" is often left out, i. e. , deoxythymidine is often just called thymidine.

Modified analogs of thymidine

Iododeoxyuridine is a radiosensitizer and increases the amount of DNA damage received from ionizing radiation. 5- Iododeoxyuridine is a nucleoside and a Thymidine analogue abbreviated IUdR

Azidothymidine (AZT) - used in the treatment of HIV infection. Zidovudine ( INN) or azidothymidine ( AZT) (also called ZDV is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI a type of Antiretroviral Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AZT inhibits the process of reverse transcription, a critical step in the viral life cycle. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs are a class of Antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV infection Tumors, and Cancer. Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Tritiated thymidine is commonly used in cell proliferation assays. Tritium (ˈtɹɪtiəm symbol or, also known as Hydrogen-3) is a radioactive Isotope of Hydrogen. The thymidine is incorporated into dividing cells and the level of this incorporation, measured using a liquid scintillation counter, is proportional to the amount of cell proliferation.

Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is another thymidine analog that is often used for the detection of proliferating cells in living tissues. Bromodeoxyuridine (5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine BrdU is a synthetic Nucleoside which is an analogue of Thymidine.

External links

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic