City of Thunder Bay
Downtown Port Arthur in Thunder Bay
Flag Logo
Nickname: (The) Lakehead; Tundra Bay; TBay
Motto: Superior by Nature
Location of Thunder Bay in Ontario
Coordinates: 48°22′56″N 89°14′46″W / 48.38222, -89.24611
Country	Canada
Province	Ontario
Region	Northwestern Ontario
District	Thunder Bay District
CMA	Thunder Bay
Settled	1679 as Fort Caministigoyan
See histories of	Port Arthur and Fort William
Amalgamation	1 January 1970
Government [1][2]
- Type	Municipal Government
- Mayor	Lynn Peterson
- CAO	Darrell Matson (acting)[3]
- Governing Body	Thunder Bay City Council
- MPs	Ken Boshcoff (LPC) Joe Comuzzi (CPC)
- MPPs	Michael Gravelle (OLP) Bill Mauro (OLP)
Area [4][5][6]
- City	447. The flag of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada was adopted in 1972 The twin cities of Fort William and Port Arthur A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec National regions Provinces and territories are normally grouped into the following Regions (generally from west to east Northern Canada Geographic subdivisions Northwestern Ontario consists of the census divisions of Kenora District, Rainy River District and Thunder Bay District In the Canadian province of Ontario, there are three different types of Census divisions: single-tier municipalities upper-tier municipalities (which can Thunder Bay District is a District and Census division in Northwestern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. The census geographic units of Canada are the Country subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to Fort Kaministiquia, located in what is now northwestern Ontario, Canada, was founded in 1717 by French merchants led by Daniel Greysolon Dulhut, and was Port Arthur Ontario, was a city in Northern Ontario which amalgamated with Fort William Ontario and the townships of Neebing and McIntyre to form the City of Fort William was a city in Northern Ontario, located on the Kaministiquia River, at its entrance to Lake Superior. Joining two or more political units such as municipalities, counties, or cities into one entity is referred to as amalgamation when the process occurs New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Local government in Canada lies at a lower level than federal and provincial government This is a list of mayors of Thunder Bay and the former cities of Port Arthur and Fort William. Lynn Peterson was elected as the second woman to become Mayor of the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario on November 10, 2003. A chief administrative officer ( CAO) is responsible for administrative management of private public or governmental corporations The Thunder Bay City Council is the governing body of the City of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. The House of Commons (Chambre des communes is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and Ken Boshcoff (born June 20, 1949) is a Canadian politician He was born in Fort William Ontario. The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political Joseph Robert "Joe" Comuzzi, PC, MP (born April 5 1933) is a Canadian Politician. The Conservative Party of Canada ( Parti conservateur du Canada) colloquially known as the " Tories " is a conservative See also Politics of Ontario The Legislative Assembly of Ontario (also known as Ontario Legislative Assembly or OntLA) is the Legislature Michael Gravelle (born January 23, 1949) is a Politician in Ontario, Canada. The Ontario Liberal Party is a Centrist provincial political party in the province of Ontario, Canada. Bill Mauro is a Politician in Ontario, Canada. He is currently a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, representing the riding The Ontario Liberal Party is a Centrist provincial political party in the province of Ontario, Canada. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 5 km² (172. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 8 sq mi)
- Land	328. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 5 km² (126. 8 sq mi)
- Water	119. 0 km² (45. 9 sq mi)  26. 6%
- Urban	179. 7 km² (69. 4 sq mi)
- Metro	2,550. 4 km² (984. 7 sq mi)
Elevation	183 m (600 ft)
Population (2006)[4][5]
- City	109,140 (Ranked 43rd)
- Density	332. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population The table below lists the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population, using data from the Canada 2006 census for Census subdivisions This list Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 3/km² (860. 7/sq mi)
- Urban	103,247 (Ranked 29th)
- Urban Density	574. The urban areas identified below are defined by Statistics Canada with reference to continuous population density ignoring municipal boundaries 5/km² (1,487. 9/sq mi)
- Metro	122,907 (Ranked 31st)
- Metro Density	48. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The table below lists the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada by population using data from the Canada 2001 Census[http //www12 2/km² (124. 8/sq mi)
- Demonym	Thunder Bayer
Time zone	EST (UTC-5)
- Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
Postal code span	P7A to P7G, P7J, P7K
Area code(s)	807
NTS Map	052A06
GNBC Code	FCWFX
Website: City of Thunder Bay

Thunder Bay (2006 census population 109,140), formerly the twin cities of Fort William and Port Arthur, is a city in and the seat of Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during Postal codes by province and territoryA Canadian postal code Northern Ontario - 58 FSAs A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Area code 807 is a telephone Area code in the Canadian province of Ontario, encompassing the Northwestern Ontario region The National Topographic System or NTS (Système national de référence cartographique is the topographic system used by Canada for providing general Geographical Names Board of Canada is a national committee of the Canadian Government Department of National Resources which authorizes the names used on official The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population Fort William was a city in Northern Ontario, located on the Kaministiquia River, at its entrance to Lake Superior. Port Arthur Ontario, was a city in Northern Ontario which amalgamated with Fort William Ontario and the townships of Neebing and McIntyre to form the City of A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Thunder Bay District is a District and Census division in Northwestern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page It is the most populous municipality in Northwestern Ontario, and the second most populous in Northern Ontario after Greater Sudbury. Geographic subdivisions Northwestern Ontario consists of the census divisions of Kenora District, Rainy River District and Thunder Bay District Territorial evolution Those areas which formed part of New France in the pays d'en haut, essentially the watersheds of the Ottawa River, Greater Sudbury (2006 Census population 157857 is a city in Northern Ontario, Canada. The census metropolitan area of Thunder Bay has a population of 122,907, and consists of the city of Thunder Bay, the municipalities of Oliver Paipoonge and Neebing, the townships of Shuniah, Conmee, O'Connor and Gillies and the Fort William First Nation. The census geographic units of Canada are the Country subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to Oliver Paipoonge is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located directly west of the city Neebing is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in the Thunder Bay District immediately south of the city of Thunder Shuniah (ˈʃuːnjə is a municipal township bordering the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada on the east Conmee is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within the Thunder Bay District. O'Connor is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located west of the city of Thunder Gillies is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within the Thunder Bay District. Fort William First Nation is an Ojibway First Nation south of and adjacent to Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.

European settlement in the region began in the late 1600s with a French fur trading outpost on the banks of the Kaministiquia River. The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal Fur. The Kaministiquia River (ˌkæmɪˈnɪstɪkwa is a Canadian River which empties into western Lake Superior at the city of Thunder Bay ^[7] The city was formed in 1970 by the merger of the cities of Fort William, Port Arthur and the geographic townships of Neebing and McIntyre. Fort William was a city in Northern Ontario, located on the Kaministiquia River, at its entrance to Lake Superior. Port Arthur Ontario, was a city in Northern Ontario which amalgamated with Fort William Ontario and the townships of Neebing and McIntyre to form the City of ^[8] Its port forms an important link in the shipping of grain and other products from western Canada through the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway to the east coast. Western Canada, commonly referred to as the West, is a region of Canada normally including all parts of Canada west of the province The St Lawrence Seaway is the common name for a system of Canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes Forestry and manufacturing play important roles in the city's economy, but with their decline in recent years they are being replaced by a "knowledge economy" based on medical research and education. Forestry is the Art and Science of managing forests tree Plantations and related Natural resources. Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale The knowledge economy is a term that refers either to an economy of knowledge focused on the production and management of knowledge in the frame of economic constraints

The city takes its name from the immense bay at the head of Lake Superior, known on 18th century French maps as "Baie du Tonnerre". Lake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system ^[7] The city is often referred to as the Lakehead or Canadian Lakehead because of its location at the end of Great Lakes navigation. ^[9]

Contents 1 History 1.1 Before 1900 1.2 The 20th Century 1.3 Today 2 Government and politics 2.1 Thunder Bay's name 2.2 City symbols 2.3 Sister cities 3 Geography 3.1 Climate 4 Neighbourhoods 5 Economy 6 Infrastructure 6.1 Transportation 6.2 Medical centres and hospitals 7 Population and demographics 8 Visitor attractions 9 Education 10 Culture 10.1 The arts 10.2 Museums and galleries 11 Sports and recreation 11.1 Recreational facilities 11.2 Sports teams 12 Media 12.1 Print 12.2 Television 12.3 Radio 13 Notable natives 14 Surrounding municipalities 15 Notes and References 16 External links

History

Main articles: Port Arthur, Ontario and Fort William, Ontario

Before 1900

European settlement on Thunder Bay began with two French fur trading posts (1679, 1717) which were subsequently abandoned (see Fort William, Ontario). Port Arthur Ontario, was a city in Northern Ontario which amalgamated with Fort William Ontario and the townships of Neebing and McIntyre to form the City of Fort William was a city in Northern Ontario, located on the Kaministiquia River, at its entrance to Lake Superior. Fort William was a city in Northern Ontario, located on the Kaministiquia River, at its entrance to Lake Superior. Permanent settlement began in 1803 with the establishment of Fort William by the Montreal-based North West Company as its mid-continent entrepôt. For the grocery chain see The North West Company. The North West Company was a fur trading business headquartered in Montreal The fort thrived until 1821 when the North West Company merged with the Hudson's Bay Company and Fort William lost its raison d'être. By the 1850s the Province of Canada began to take an interest in its western extremity, largely because of a demand for mining locations on the Canadian shores of Lake Superior following the discovery of copper in the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan. The Province of Canada or the United Province of Canada was a British colony in North America from 1841 to 1867 Keweenaw Peninsula (ˈkiːwənɔː roughly KEY-win-awe is the most northern part of Michigan 's Upper Peninsula. In 1849 French-speaking Jesuits established the Mission de l'Immaculée-Conception (Mission of the Immaculate Conception) on the Kaministiquia to evangelize the Ojibwe. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order The Kaministiquia River (ˌkæmɪˈnɪstɪkwa is a Canadian River which empties into western Lake Superior at the city of Thunder Bay The Ojibwa or Chippewa (also Ojibwe, Ojibway, Chippeway) is the largest group of Native Americans - First Nations The Province of Canada negotiated a treaty with the Ojibwe of Lake Superior known as the Robinson Treaty in 1850. The Ojibwa or Chippewa (also Ojibwe, Ojibway, Chippeway) is the largest group of Native Americans - First Nations Robinson Treaty may refer to one of three treaties signed between the Ojibwa chiefs and The Crown. As a result, an Indian reservation was set aside south of the Kaministiquia River. In 1859–60 the Department of Crown Lands surveyed two townships (Neebing and Paipoonge) and the Town Plot of Fort William.

Another settlement developed a few miles to the north of Fort William with the construction by the federal Department of Public Works of a road connecting Lake Superior with the Red River Colony under the direction of Simon James Dawson. The Red River Colony (or Selkirk Settlement) was a colonization project set up by Thomas Douglas 5th Earl of Selkirk in 1811 on 300000 km² of land granted Simon James Dawson ( June 13, 1818 &ndash October 30, 1902) was a Canadian Civil engineer and Politician (see Port Arthur, Ontario) This public works depot or construction headquarters acquired its first name in May 1870 when Colonel Garnet Wolsley named it Prince Arthur's Landing. Port Arthur Ontario, was a city in Northern Ontario which amalgamated with Fort William Ontario and the townships of Neebing and McIntyre to form the City of It was renamed Port Arthur by the CPR in May 1883.

The arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1875 sparked a long battle for supremacy which did not end until the amalgamation of 1970. The Canadian Pacific Railway ( Until the 1880s, Port Arthur was a much larger and dynamic community, but the CPR in collaboration with the Hudson's Bay Company preferred east Fort William, located on the lower Kaministiquia river where the fur trade posts were. Further provoked by a prolonged tax dispute with Port Arthur and the seizure of a locomotive in 1889, the CPR relocated all its employees and facilities to Fort William. A locomotive is a railway Vehicle that provides the motive power for a Train. The collapse of silver mining after 1890 further undermined the economy of Port Arthur which entered a period of deep depression while Fort William thrived. Silver mining refers to the Resource extraction of the Precious metal element Silver by Mining.

The 20th Century

Thunder Bay began a period of extraordinary growth in the era of Sir Wilfrid Laurier as a result of transcontinental railway building and the western wheat boom. The CPR double-tracked its Winnipeg–Thunder Bay line. The Canadian Northern Railway established facilities at Port Arthur. The Canadian Northern Railway ( CNoR) is a historic Canadian The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway began construction of its facilities at the Fort William Mission in 1905, and the federal government began construction of the National Transcontinental Railway. The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (GTPR was a historical Canadian railway The National Transcontinental Railway ( NTR) was a historic Canadian railway. Grain elevator construction boomed as the volume of grain shipped to Europe increased. History Grain elevators are a common sight in the grain-growing areas of the world such as the North American Prairies Larger terminal elevators are Both cities indebted themselves by granting bonuses to manufacturing industries. By 1914 the twin cities had modern infrastructures (sewers, safe water supply, street lighting, electric light, etc. ). Both Fort William and Port Arthur were proponents of municipal ownership. As early as 1892 Port Arthur built Canada's first municipally-owned electric street railway, and both cities spurned Bell Telephone Company of Canada to establish their own municipally-owned telephone systems in 1902. Bell Canada, commonly shortened to "Bell" is a major Canadian Telecommunications company

The boom came to an end in 1913–14 aggravated by the First World War, but a war time economy emerged with the making of munitions and shipbuilding. The cities raised men for the 52nd, 94th and 141st Battalions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. The Canadian Expeditionary Force was the group of Canadian military units formed for service overseas in the First World War. Railway employment was hurt when the federal government took over the National Transcontinental Railway and Lake Superior Division from the Grand Trunk in 1915, and the Canadian Northern Railway in 1918 which were amalgamated with other government-owned railways in 1923 to form the Canadian National Railways. The National Transcontinental Railway ( NTR) was a historic Canadian railway. The CNR closed many of the Canadian Northern Railway facilities in Port Arthur and opened the Neebing yards in Neebing Township in 1922. By 1929 the population of the two cities had recovered to pre-war levels.

The forest products industry has always played an important role in the Thunder Bay economy from the 1870s. Logs and lumber were shipped primarily to the United States. In 1917 the first pulp and paper mill was established in Port Arthur. It was followed by a mill at Fort William in 1920. Eventually there were four mills operating.

Manufacturing resumed in 1937 when the Canada Car and Foundry Company plant re-opened to build aircraft for the British. Now run by Bombardier Transportation, the plant has remained a mainstay of the post-war economy producing forestry equipment, then transportation equipment for urban transit systems such as the Toronto Transit Commission and GO Transit. Bombardier Transportation is the rail equipment division of the Bombardier group The Toronto Transit Commission ( TTC) is a Public transport authority that operates Buses streetcars, subways and Rapid transit GO Transit is the interregional public transit system serving the Conurbation in Ontario, Canada referred to by Metrolinx as the

The expansion of highways beginning with the Trans-Canada Highway culminating with the opening of a highway linking Sault Ste Marie to Thunder Bay has significantly diminished railway and shipping activity. The Trans-Canada Highway is a federal-provincial Highway system that joins all ten provinces of Canada. The St Lawrence Seaway has not therefore lived up to expectations. The St Lawrence Seaway is the common name for a system of Canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes Grain shipping has declined substantially in favor of Pacific Coast ports. As a result many grain elevators have been closed and demolished, and the Kaministiquia River has been abandoned by industry and shipping.

Today

Thunder Bay has become the regional services centre for Northwestern Ontario with most provincial departments represented. Geographic subdivisions Northwestern Ontario consists of the census divisions of Kenora District, Rainy River District and Thunder Bay District Lakehead University, established through the lobbying of local businessmen and professionals, has proved to be a major asset, reinforced by Confederation College. Lakehead University ( LU) is located in Thunder Bay, Ontario. Confederation College is a provincially funded Community college located in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. The same businessmen and professionals were the driving force behind the amalgamation of Fort William and Port Arthur in 1970.

Government and politics

See also: Thunder Bay City Council

The city is governed by a mayor and twelve councillors. The Thunder Bay City Council is the governing body of the City of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. This is a list of mayors of Thunder Bay and the former cities of Port Arthur and Fort William. Local government in Canada lies at a lower level than federal and provincial government The mayor and five of the councillors are elected at large by the whole city. Seven councillors are elected for the seven wards: Current River Ward, McIntyre Ward, McKeller Ward, Neebing Ward, Northwood Ward, Red River Ward, and Westfort Ward. ^[10]

Thunder Bay is represented in the Canadian Parliament by Joe Comuzzi (Conservative) and Ken Boshcoff (Liberal), and in the Ontario Legislature by Michael Gravelle (Liberal) and Bill Mauro (Liberal). The House of Commons (Chambre des communes is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and Joseph Robert "Joe" Comuzzi, PC, MP (born April 5 1933) is a Canadian Politician. The Conservative Party of Canada ( Parti conservateur du Canada) colloquially known as the " Tories " is a conservative Ken Boshcoff (born June 20, 1949) is a Canadian politician He was born in Fort William Ontario. The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political Michael Gravelle (born January 23, 1949) is a Politician in Ontario, Canada. The Ontario Liberal Party is a Centrist provincial political party in the province of Ontario, Canada. Bill Mauro is a Politician in Ontario, Canada. He is currently a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, representing the riding

Thunder Bay's name

Thunder Bay's name is the result of a referendum held on June 23rd, 1969 to determine the new name of the amalgamated Fort William and Port Arthur. A referendum (plural referendums or referenda) ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Officials debated over the names to be put on the ballot, taking suggestions from residents including "Lakehead" and "The Lakehead". Predictably, the vote split between the two, and "Thunder Bay" was the victor. The final tally was "Thunder Bay" with 15,870, "Lakehead" with 15,302, and "The Lakehead" with 8,377. ^[11]

City symbols

Sleeping Giant

A large formation of mesas on the Sibley Peninsula in Lake Superior which resembles a reclining giant has become a symbol of the city. The Sleeping Giant is a formation of Mesas on Sibley Peninsula which resembles a giant lying on its back when viewed from the West to North-Northwest section of A mesa ( Spanish, Portuguese and Arabic for "table" is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs The Sibley Peninsula is a long and wide Peninsula in Ontario, Canada on Lake Superior. Lake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. Sibley peninsula partially encloses the waters of Thunder Bay, and dominates the view of the lake from the northern section of the city (formerly Port Arthur). The Sleeping Giant also figures on the city's coat of arms and the city flag.

Coat of arms

The Coat of arms of Thunder Bay, Ontario is a combination of the coats of arms of both Port Arthur and Fort William, with a unifying symbol—the Sleeping Giant—at the base of the arms. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people ^[12]

Corporate logo

The city logo depicts a stylized thunderbird, called Animikii, a statue of which is located on the city's Kaministiquia River Waterfront Park. The Thunderbird is a Legendary creature in North American indigenous peoples' history and culture The slogan, Superior by Nature, is a double play on words reflecting the city's natural setting on Lake Superior. ^[12]

City flag

Thunder Bay's flag was created in 1972, when mayor Saul Laskin wanted to promote the city by having a distinctive flag. The flag of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada was adopted in 1972 The twin cities of Fort William and Port Arthur A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification Saul Laskin ( May 15, 1918 – October 4 2008) was a Canadian politician The city held a contest, which was won by Cliff Redden. The flag has a 1:2 ratio, and depicts a golden sky from the rising sun behind the Sleeping Giant, which sits in the blue waters of Lake Superior. The sun is represented by a red maple leaf, a symbol of Canada. The maple leaf is the characteristic Leaf of the Maple tree, and is an important national symbol of Canada. National symbols of Canada are the Symbols that are used in Canada and abroad to represent the country and its people. Green and gold are Thunder Bay's city colours. ^[12]

Sister cities

Thunder Bay has five sister cities on three continents,^[13] which are selected based on economic, cultural and political criteria.

• Seinäjoki, Finland since 1974
• Little Canada, Minnesota since 1977
• Duluth, Minnesota since 1980
• Keelung, Taiwan since 1988
• Gifu, Japan since 2007

Geography

The city has an area of 328. 48 square kilometres which includes the former cities of Fort William and Port Arthur as well as the townships of Neebing, Ontario and McIntyre. Neebing is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in the Thunder Bay District immediately south of the city of Thunder

The former Fort William section occupies flat alluvial land along the Kaministiquia River which has a river delta at its mouth of two large islands known as Mission Island and McKellar Island. Alluvium (from the Latin, alluvius, from alluere, "to wash against" is Soil or Sediments deposited by a river or other running The Kaministiquia River (ˌkæmɪˈnɪstɪkwa is a Canadian River which empties into western Lake Superior at the city of Thunder Bay A delta is a Landform where the mouth of a River flows into an Ocean, Sea, Estuary, Lake or another river The former Port Arthur section is more typical of the Canadian Shield, with gently sloping hills and very thin soil lying on top of bedrock with many bare outcrops. The Canadian Shield &mdash also called the Laurentian Plateau, or Bouclier Canadien (French &mdash is a large geological shield covered by Thunder Bay, which gives the city its name, is immense—about 22. 5 kilometres (14 miles) from the Port Arthur downtown to Thunder Cape at the tip of the Sleeping Giant. The Sleeping Giant is a formation of Mesas on Sibley Peninsula which resembles a giant lying on its back when viewed from the West to North-Northwest section of

The city reflects the settlement patterns of the 19th century. It is therefore highly spread out for historical reasons. Anchoring the west end of the city, the Fort William Town Plot surveyed in 1859–60 was named West Fort William (Westfort) in 1888 by the CPR. The land adjoining the lower Kaministiquia River became the residential and central business district of the town and city of Fort William. A large uninhabited area adjoining the Neebing and McIntyre rivers which became known as Intercity separated Fort William from the residential and central business district of Port Arthur. At the extreme east of the city, a part of McIntyre Township was annexed to the town of Port Arthur in 1892, forming what later became known as the Current River area.

Since 1970, the central business districts of Fort William and Port Arthur have suffered a serious decline as business and government have relocated to the Intercity area. There has also been substantial residential growth in adjacent areas of the former Neebing and McIntyre townships.

Climate

The climate of Thunder Bay and area is influenced by Lake Superior, which is especially noticeable in the city's north end, resulting in cooler summer temperatures and warmer winter temperatures for an area extending inland as far as 16 km. The average daily temperatures range from a high of 17. 6 °C in July and a low of -14. 8 °C in January. The average daily high in July is 24. 2 °C and the average daily high in January is -8. 6 °C. On January 10, 1982, the local temperature in Thunder Bay dropped to -36 °C, with a wind speed of 54km/hr for a wind chill temperature that dipped to -58 °C. As a result, it holds Ontario's record for coldest day with wind chill. ^[14] The city is quite sunny with an average of 2167. 7 hours of bright sunshine each year, ranging from 283. 4 hours in July to 88. 8 hours in November, sunnier than any city in Canada located to the east of it. ^[15]

Thunder Bay Climatological Data
Temperature
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec		Total
Record high °C (°F)	8 (47)	12 (54)	23 (73)	28 (83)	35 (95)	36 (96)	37 (99)	40 (105)	32 (89)	28 (83)	22 (71)	12 (54)
Average high °C (°F)	-9 (17)	-6 (22)	0. 3 (33)	9 (48)	16 (62)	21 (69)	24 (76)	23 (74)	17 (63)	10 (51)	2 (35)	-6 (21)		9 (48)
Mean °C (°F)	-15 (5)	-12 (10)	-6 (21)	3 (37)	10 (49)	14 (57)	18 (64)	17 (62)	11 (52)	5 (41)	-3 (27)	-12 (11)		3 (37)
Average low °C (°F)	-21 (-6)	-18 (-1)	-11 (12)	-3 (26)	3 (37)	7 (45)	11 (52)	10 (50)	5 (41)	-0. 5 (31)	-8 (18)	-17 (1)		-4 (26)
Record low °C (°F)	-41 (-42)	-40 (-40)	-38 (-36)	-22 (-8)	-9 (16)	-3 (27)	0 (32)	-1 (30)	-8 (17)	-13 (8)	-31 (-23)	-38 (-36)
Precipitation and Sunshine Hours
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec		Total
Total mm (in)	31 (1. 2)	25 (1. 0)	42 (1. 6)	42 (1. 6)	67 (2. 6)	86 (3. 4)	89 (3. 5)	88 (3. 4)	88 (3. 5)	63 (2. 5)	56 (2. 2)	38 (1. 5)		712 (28)
Rainfall mm (in)	3 (0. 1)	3 (0. 1)	18 (0. 7)	30 (1. 2)	65 (2. 6)	86 (3. 4)	89 (3. 5)	86 (3. 4)	86 (3. 4)	57 (2. 2)	33 (1. 2)	4 (0. 1)		559 (22)
Snowfall cm (in)	41 (16. 2)	27 (10. 6)	27 (10. 6)	12 (4. 9)	2 (0. 7)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0. 5 (0. 2)	6 (2. 4)	28 (11. 0)	44 (17. 4)		187. 6 (74)
Sunshine hours	114	134	159	219	265	264	283	258	163	128	89	92		2168
Data recorded at Thunder Bay International Airport by Environment Canada. Thunder Bay Airport or Thunder Bay International Airport,, is an Airport in the Canadian city of Thunder Bay, Ontario. Data spans 1971 to 2000. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.

Neighbourhoods

Thunder Bay is composed of two formerly separate cities, Port Arthur and Fort William, and both still retain a large amount of their civic identity, reinforced by the buffering effect the Intercity area has between them. Port Arthur Ontario, was a city in Northern Ontario which amalgamated with Fort William Ontario and the townships of Neebing and McIntyre to form the City of Fort William was a city in Northern Ontario, located on the Kaministiquia River, at its entrance to Lake Superior. Both Port Arthur and Fort William have their own central business districts and suburban areas. A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city Some of the more well-known neighbourhoods include: the Bay and Algoma area, which has a large northern European population centred around the Finnish Labour Temple; Simpson-Ogden and the East End, two of the oldest neighbourhoods in Fort William located north of Downtown Fort William; Intercity, a large business district located between Fort William and Port Arthur; Current River, the northernmost neighbourhood of Port Arthur, and Westfort, the oldest settlement in Thunder Bay. The Finnish Labour Temple (also known as the Big Finn Hall or Finlandia Club) is a Finnish-Canadian cultural and Community centre and a History Downtown Fort William is one of the three nodes around which urban growth began in the Lakehead area History Development of Current River began after World War II, and many homes in the neighbourhood are "Victory Homes" a post-war building style that Within city limits are some small rural communities, such as Vickers Heights and North McIntyre, which were located in the former townships of Neebing and McIntyre respectively.

Economy

Labour force[16][17]
Rate	Thunder Bay	Ontario	Canada
Employment	61. 9%	63. 9%	63. 9%
Unemployment	5. 3%	6. 4%	6. 0%
Participation	65. 4%	68. 3%	68. 0%
As of: March 2008

As the largest city in Northwestern Ontario, Thunder Bay is the region's commercial, administrative and medical centre. International holidays March 2 - Mothering Sunday (Britain March 7 - Nyepi (Indonesia Many of the city's largest single employers are in the public sector. The public sector is the part of economic and administrative life that deals with the delivery of goods and services by and for the Government, whether national Regional The City of Thunder Bay, the Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, the Lakehead District School Board and the Government of Ontario each employ over 1,500 people. Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre is an acute care facility serving Thunder Bay and much of Northwestern Ontario, in Canada. The Lakehead District School Board oversees all Public schools in the Thunder Bay CMA and the townships of Gorham and Ware in Ontario, ^[18] Bowater Forest Products is the largest private employer, employing over 1500 people. Bowater Forest Products in Thunder Bay Ontario began as Great Lakes Forest Products (GLFP in 1898 ^[19] Other major employers in the forestry sector include Abitibi-Consolidated and Buchanan Forest Products. Forestry is the Art and Science of managing forests tree Plantations and related Natural resources. Abitibi-Consolidated is a Canadian pulp and paper company based in Montreal Quebec. Bombardier Transportation operates a plant in Thunder Bay which manufactures mass transit vehicles and equipment, employing approximately 800 people. Bombardier Inc (bɔ̃baʁdje is a Canadian conglomerate, founded by Joseph-Armand Bombardier as L'Auto-Neige Bombardier Limitée in 1942 Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale ^[19]

Employment by industry, 2006[20]
Industry	Thunder Bay	Ontario
Agriculture and resource-based	3. 6%	2. 9%
Construction	5. 4%	5. 9%
Manufacturing	7. 7%	13. 9%
Wholesale Trade	2. 8%	4. 7%
Retail trade	12. 7%	11. 1%
Finance and real estate	4. 2%	6. 8%
Health care and social services	15. 2%	9. 4%
Education services	8. 9%	6. 7%
Business services	16. 8%	19. 7%
Other services	22. 6%	18. 7%

The rising cost of electricity in Ontario has threatened the viability of primary industries in the region, resulting in the laying off of workers at pulp and saw mills. Ontario electricity policy refers to plans legislation incentives guidelines and policy processes put in place by the Government of the Province of Ontario, Canada, to address A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fiber source into a thick fiber board which can be shipped to a Paper mill for further A sawmill is a facility where logs are cut into boards Sawmill process A sawmill's basic operation is much like those of 100 years ago a log enters The grain trade has declined because of the loss of grain transportation subsidies and the loss of European markets. The " Crow Rate " or " Crow's Nest Freight Rate " was a Subsidy offered to the Canadian Pacific Railway ("CPR" by the Canadian The gradual transition from shipping by train and boat to shipping by truck, and the free trade agreement with the United States have ended Thunder Bay's privileged position as a linchpin in Canadian east-west freight-handling trade. A linchpin or lynchpin is a metal part used in Mechanical engineering to prevent a Wheel or other rotating part from sliding off the Axle it As a result the city has lost its traditional raison d'être as a break-bulk point, and the city is in economic decline.

In an effort to rejuvenate its economy, the city has been actively working to attract quaternary or "knowledge-based" industries, primarily in the fields of molecular medicine and genomics. Molecular medicine is a broad field where physical chemical biological and medical techniques are used to describe molecular structures and mechanisms identify fundamental molecular Genomics is the study of an organism's entire Genome. The field includes intensive efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale Genetic ^[21][22] The city is home to the western campus of the Northern Ontario School of Medicine, the first medical school to open in Canada in a generation. The Northern Ontario School of Medicine is a Medical school in the Canadian province of Ontario, created through a partnership between Laurentian University ^[23]

Infrastructure

Transportation

Main article: Transportation in Thunder Bay, Ontario

Thunder Bay receives air, rail and shipping traffic due to its prime location along major continental transportation routes. Transportation is essential to trade which has always been the backbone of the economy of Thunder Bay Ontario, Canada, beginning with Fort Kaministiquia Greyhound Canada provides coach service to both regional and national destinations, with the municipally owned Thunder Bay Transit providing 17 routes across the city's urban area. Greyhound Lines is an intercity Common carrier of passengers by Bus serving over 3700 destinations in the United States. Thunder Bay Transit is the Public transit operator in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. The city is served by the Thunder Bay International Airport, the fourth busiest airport in Ontario by aircraft movements. Thunder Bay Airport or Thunder Bay International Airport,, is an Airport in the Canadian city of Thunder Bay, Ontario. The following is a list of Canada's busiest airports by aircraft movements (how busy the runways are and passengers traffic (how busy the terminals are This is a complete list of Airports water Aerodromes and Heliports in the Canadian province of Ontario. ^[24] The main highway through the city is Highway 11/17, a four lane highway designated as the Thunder Bay Expressway. Highway 11 is one of the longest of Ontario 's King's Highways with a current length ( As of 2004) of 1780 Kilometres (1106 mi) Highway 17 is the primary route of the Trans-Canada Highway through Ontario, Canada The Thunder Bay Expressway is a four lane highway with signalized intersections running on the western edge of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada

The city is an important railway hub, served by both the Canadian National and Canadian Pacific Railway. The Canadian Pacific Railway ( Passenger rail service to Thunder Bay ended on 15 January 1990, with the cancellation of VIA Rail's southern transcontinental service. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) VIA Rail Canada (also referred to as VIA Rail and VIA; ˈviːə 'vee-ah' is an independent Crown corporation offering intercity passenger rail ^[25]

Harbour

Thunder Bay has been a port since the days of the North West Company which maintained a schooner on Lake Superior. For the grocery chain see The North West Company. The North West Company was a fur trading business headquartered in Montreal The Port of Thunder Bay is the largest outbound port on the St. Lawrence Seaway System,^[26] and the sixth largest port in Canada. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo The St Lawrence Seaway is the common name for a system of Canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes ^[23] The Thunder Bay Port Authority manages Keefer Terminal, built on a 320,000 square metre site on Lake Superior.

Medical centres and hospitals

Thunder Bay has one major hospital, the Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre. Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre is an acute care facility serving Thunder Bay and much of Northwestern Ontario, in Canada. Other health care services include the St. Joseph's Care Group, which operates long term care centres such as the Lakehead Psychiatric Hospital, St. Joseph's Hospital, and Hogarth Riverview Manor. The Northern Ontario School of Medicine has a campus at Lakehead University. The Northern Ontario School of Medicine is a Medical school in the Canadian province of Ontario, created through a partnership between Laurentian University The city is also home to a variety of smaller medical and dental clinics.

Population and demographics

Selected Ethnic Origins, 2001[27]
Ethnic origin	Population
English	26,710
Canadian	26,675
Scottish	20,425
Irish	17,495
French	16,565
Ukrainian	14,415
Italian	14,330
Finnish	11,530
German	9,965
Polish	6,975
Aboriginal	6,840
Swedish	4,135
Visible minorities	2,635
multiple responses included

City of Thunder Bay
Population by year[28]
1911	27,719
1921	35,427
1931	46,095
1941	55,011
1951	66,108
1956	77,600
1961	92,490
1966	104,539
1971	108,411
1976	111,476
1981	112,486
1986	112,272
1991	113,946
1996	113,662
2001	109,016
2006	109,140

According to the 2006 Census, there were 109,140 people residing in Thunder Bay on 16 May 2006, of whom 48. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English Population of Canada: 31612895 (2006 Census Provinces and territories Metropolitan areas Cities The Scots people ( Scots Gaelic: Albannaich) are a Nation and an Ethnic group indigenous to Scotland. The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging The terms Finns and Finnish people ( Finnish: suomalaiset, Swedish: finländare) are used in English to The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. Aboriginal people in Canada, also known as Canadian aboriginal citizens, are people who belong to recognized indigenous groups in the Canadian Constitution Act Visible minority is a term used primarily in Canada to describe persons who are not of the majority race in a given population The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 4% were male and 51. 6% were female. Residents 19 years of age or younger accounted for approximately 22. 9% of the population. People aged by 20 and 39 years accounted for 24. 6%, while those between 40 and 64 made up 35. 9% of the population. The average age of a Thunder Bayer in May 2006 was 41. May 2006 was a month with thirty-one days The following events also occurred during the month 7, compared to the average of 39. 5 for Canada as a whole. ^[4]

Between the censuses of 2001 and 2006, Thunder Bay's population increased by 0. The Canada 2001 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population 1%, compared to the average of 6. 6% for Ontario and 5. 4% for Canada. The population density of the city of Thunder Bay averaged 332. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 3 people per square kilometre, compared with an average of 13. 4 for Ontario.

A further 13,767 people live in Thunder Bay's Census Metropolitan Area, which apart from Thunder Bay includes the municipalities of Neebing and Oliver Paipoonge, the townships of Conmee, Gillies, O'Connor and Shuniah, and the aboriginal community of Fort William First Nation. The census geographic units of Canada are the Country subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or Neebing is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in the Thunder Bay District immediately south of the city of Thunder Oliver Paipoonge is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located directly west of the city The term Township generally means the district or area associated with a town Conmee is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within the Thunder Bay District. Gillies is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located within the Thunder Bay District. O'Connor is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located west of the city of Thunder Shuniah (ˈʃuːnjə is a municipal township bordering the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada on the east The following is a list of Aboriginal communities in Canada. While communities for all Aboriginal peoples in Canada (the First Nations, Inuit Fort William First Nation is an Ojibway First Nation south of and adjacent to Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. ^[29]

Ethnicity

Thunder Bay is home to 12,825 people of Finnish descent,^[30] the highest concentration of persons of Finnish origin per capita in Canada, and the second largest Finnish population in Canada after Toronto which has 14,750 persons of Finnish origin. Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario

Language

In terms of Canada's official languages, 81. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory 6% of Thunder Bayers speak only English, and 2. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States 6% speak only French. Other languages spoken in Thunder Bay include Finnish, Italian and Ojibwe. Finnish ( or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92% As of 2006) and by ethnic Finns outside Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy.

Religion

The 2001 census states that 82. The Canada 2001 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population 0 per cent of Thunder Bay residents belong to a Christian denomination, 39. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth 8% of which are Roman Catholic, 39. 5% Protestant, and 2. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. 6% other following Christian denominations, mostly Eastern Orthodox. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Those who follow other religions make up less than 1% of the population, while the remaining 17. The world's principal Religions and spiritual traditions may be classified into a small number of major groups or world religions'. 0% are non-religious.

Visitor attractions

Thunder Bay's main tourist attraction is Fort William Historical Park, a reconstruction of the North West Company's Fort William fur trade post as it was in 1815, which attracts 100,000 visitors annually. Fort William Historical Park (formerly known as Old Fort William) is a Canadian historical site located in Thunder Bay Ontario, that contains a reconstruction For the grocery chain see The North West Company. The North West Company was a fur trading business headquartered in Montreal ^[31] The marina in downtown Port Arthur, an area known as The Heart of the Harbour, draws visitors for its panoramic view of the Sleeping Giant and the presence of various water craft. The Sleeping Giant is a formation of Mesas on Sibley Peninsula which resembles a giant lying on its back when viewed from the West to North-Northwest section of The marina also includes a lake walk, playground, harbour cruises, a children's museum, and a Chinese/Canadian restaurant. There are several small surface amethyst mines in the area, some of which allow visitors to search for their own crystals. Amethyst is a violet variety of Quartz often used as an Ornamental stone in Jewelry. ^[32] A 2. 74m (9 ft) statue of Terry Fox is situated at the Terry Fox Memorial and Lookout on the outskirts of the city near the place where he was forced to abandon his run. A statue is a Sculpture in the round representing a person or persons an animal or an event normally full-length as opposed to a bust, and at least close to life-size Terrance Stanley "Terry" Fox, CC ( July 28, 1958 – June 28, 1981) was a Canadian humanitarian, The Terry Fox Monument, situated in the outskirts of Thunder Bay Ontario, Canada, signifies humanitarian Terry Fox 's tragic halt in his Marathon of Other tourists attractions are listed below.

Bluffs Scenic Lookout Boulevard Lake Park Canada Games Complex Canadian Lakehead Exhibition Cascades Conservation Area Centennial Conservatory Centennial Park Chapples Park Chippewa Park Connaught Square Finnish Labour Temple Fort William Gardens Fort William Stadium Hillcrest Park The Hoito

Intercity Shopping Centre Kakabeka Falls Mount McKay Lookout Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame Ouimet Canyon Port Arthur Stadium Silver Falls Thunder Bay Art Gallery Thunder Bay Community Auditorium Thunder Bay Historical Museum Thunder Bay Marina International Friendship Gardens Trowbridge Falls Victoriaville Waverley Park

Hillcrest Park, looking south to Fort William. The Current River Greenway is a 263 hectare (650 acre greenway located in the north end of Thunder Bay Ontario along the Current River. The Current River Greenway is a 263 hectare (650 acre greenway located in the north end of Thunder Bay Ontario along the Current River. The Canada Games Complex was constructed in 1981 to host the aquatic events of the 1981 Canada Summer Games in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The Current River Greenway is a 263 hectare (650 acre greenway located in the north end of Thunder Bay Ontario along the Current River. Developed in 1967, Centennial Park is a large park area that follows the shores of the rocky Current River in the north end of Thunder Bay Chapples Park is a Soccer stadium in Thunder Bay, Ontario. It was formerly called Fort William Stadium. Chippewa Park sits on the coast of Lake Superior, adjacent to Thunder Bay Ontario. Connaught Square is a public park located in the north end of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. The Finnish Labour Temple (also known as the Big Finn Hall or Finlandia Club) is a Finnish-Canadian cultural and Community centre and a The Fort William Gardens is a 4690-capacity (3371-seat multi-purpose Arena in Thunder Bay Ontario, Canada. The Hoito Restaurant (often referred to as “The Hoito” by locals is a Finnish-Canadian restaurant in Thunder Bay Ontario, Canada established Intercity Shopping Centre is a Shopping mall in Thunder Bay Ontario. Kakabeka Falls (ˈkɛkəˈbɛkə is a Waterfall on the Kaministiquia River, located beside the village of Kakabeka Falls in the municipality of Oliver Paipoonge Mount McKay is a Mountain on the southern side of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, on the Indian Reserve of the Fort William First The Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame (est 1978 in Fort William Ontario) is dedicated to the people of Northwestern Ontario who have achieved Ouimet Canyon is a large gorge in Canada. It is 100 metres deep 150 metres wide and 2 kilometres in length and is situated in Ouimet Canyon Provincial Port Arthur Stadium is a Stadium in Thunder Bay Ontario, Canada. The Thunder Bay Art Gallery is Northwestern Ontario 's primary art gallery specializing in the work of contemporary First Nations artists The Thunder Bay Community Auditorium is a 1511 seat Performance arts centre located in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The Thunder Bay Historical Museum is located in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The Thunder Bay Soroptimist International Friendship Garden is a city park located in the south end of Thunder Bay, Ontario Canada The Current River Greenway is a 263 hectare (650 acre greenway located in the north end of Thunder Bay Ontario along the Current River. Waverley Park is a public park located in the north end of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.

Education

Main article: Education in Thunder Bay, Ontario

Thunder Bay has 38 elementary schools, 3 middle schools, 8 secondary schools, 2 private schools, and an adult education facility. Thunder Bay has 38 Elementary schools 3 Middle schools 8 Secondary schools 2 Private schools a University, two Colleges a Medical See also Primary education An elementary school is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory education known as elementary Middle school or Junior High School serves as a "bridge" between the Elementary School and the High School Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered The city also has several other private for-profit colleges and tutoring programmes. Post secondary institutions in Thunder Bay include Confederation College and Lakehead University. Confederation College is a provincially funded Community college located in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. Lakehead University ( LU) is located in Thunder Bay, Ontario.

The Lakehead District School Board is the largest school board in the city, with 22 elementary schools, 4 secondary schools and a centre for adult studies. The Lakehead District School Board oversees all Public schools in the Thunder Bay CMA and the townships of Gorham and Ware in Ontario, The Thunder Bay Catholic District School Board is the second largest with 16 elementary schools, 3 middle schools and 2 high schools. The Thunder Bay Catholic District School Board oversees all Catholic schools in the Thunder Bay CMA and the townships of Gorham and Ware in Ontario Conseil scolaire de district catholique des Aurores boréales operates one elementary and one high school in Thunder Bay, and an additional six schools throughout the Thunder Bay District. The Conseil scolaire de district catholique des Aurores boréales oversees 9 French language Catholic schools in Thunder Bay District, Ontario

Culture

The city of Thunder Bay was declared a "Cultural Capital of Canada" in 2003. ^[33] Throughout the city are cultural centres representing the diverse population. Places such as the Finnish Labour Temple, Scandinavia House, the Italian Cultural Centre, the Polish Legion, and a wide variety of others. The labour movement or labor movement is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Shags, a combination shower and stag held to celebrate the engagement of a couple,^[34] and Persians, a cinnamon bun pastry with pink icing, originated in the city. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE-ROMEOS*************** A Persian is an oval-shaped cinnamon-bun-like pastry with a sweet pink icing made of either raspberries or strawberries ^[35][36] Thunder Bay is served by the Thunder Bay Public Library, which has four branches. The Thunder Bay Public Library serves the citizens of Thunder Bay Ontario, Canada and surrounding areas

The arts

Thunder Bay is home to a variety of music and performance arts venues. The largest professional theatre is Magnus Theatre. The Magnus Theatre - The Dr S Penny Petrone Centre for the Performing Arts in Thunder Bay, Ontario was founded in 1971 and is Northwestern Ontario's professional Founded in 1971, it offering six stage plays each season and is located in the renovated Port Arthur Public School on Red River Road. The Thunder Bay Community Auditorium, which seats 1500, is the primary venue for various types of entertainment. The Thunder Bay Community Auditorium is a 1511 seat Performance arts centre located in Thunder Bay, Ontario. It is the home of the Thunder Bay Symphony Orchestra, which has 30 full-time and up to 20 extra musicians presenting a full range of classical music. The Thunder Bay Symphony Orchestra is a 31-member professional Orchestra based in the Community Auditorium in Thunder Bay, Ontario, ^[37] Thunder Bay also has a large and extensive music scene, with concerts almost nightly in many venues, such as Kilroy's, Jack's, and The Apollo.

The Bay Street Film Festival, established in 2005, is an independent film festival that features local, national, and international films with the theme of "Films for the People. The Bay Street Film Festival was established in 2005 by Kelly Saxberg and Ron Harpelle as an independent Film festival in Thunder Bay, Ontario " The festival is held in September at 314 Bay Street in the historic Finnish Labour Temple. The Finnish Labour Temple (also known as the Big Finn Hall or Finlandia Club) is a Finnish-Canadian cultural and Community centre and a ^[38] Thunder Bay is also home to the North of Superior Film Association (NOSFA). Established in 1992, the NOSFA features monthly screenings of international and Canadian films at the Cumberland Cinema Centre, with a spring film festival that attracts several thousand patrons. ^[39]

Museums and galleries

The Thunder Bay Art Gallery which was founded in 1976, specializes in the works of First Nations artists, having a collection of national significance. The Thunder Bay Art Gallery is Northwestern Ontario 's primary art gallery specializing in the work of contemporary First Nations artists The Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society, founded in 1908, presents local and travelling exhibitions and houses an impressive collection of artifacts, photographs, paintings, documents and maps in its archives. The Thunder Bay Historical Museum is located in Thunder Bay, Ontario.

Sports and recreation

Thunder Bay's proximity to the wilderness of the Boreal Forest and the rolling hills and mountains of the Canadian Shield allow its residents to enjoy very active lifestyles. Taiga (ˈtaɪgə from Turkic or Mongolian) is a Biome characterized by Coniferous forests The city has hosted several large sporting events including the Summer Canada Games in 1981, the Nordic World Ski Championships in 1995, and the Continental Cup of Curling in 2003. The Canada Games is a high-level Multi-sport event with a National Artists Program held every two years in Canada, alternating between the Canada Winter Games and The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1995 took place March 9 - 19, 1995 in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. The Continental Cup of Curling is a Curling tournament held annually between teams from North America against teams from Europe.

Recreational facilities

Thunder Bay enjoys many recreational facilities. The city operates fifteen neighbourhood community centres, which offer various sporting and fitness facilities as well as seasonal activities such as dances. The city also operates six indoor ice rinks and 84 seasonal outdoor rinks,^[40] two indoor community pools and three seasonal outdoor pools as well as a portable pool and two maintained public beaches, several curling sheets, and three golf courses, among others. Curling is a team Sport with similarities to Bowls and Shuffle board, played by two teams of four players each on a rectangular sheet of carefully prepared ^[41] Listed below are some of the city's major facilities.

Multi-Use Facilities The Canada Games Complex The Fort William Gardens Port Arthur Stadium Royal Canadian Legion Sports Complex Thunder Bay Sports Dome[42] Municipal Ice Rinks and Indoor Pools Current River Arena Delaney Arena Grandview Arena Neebing Arena Port Arthur Arena Thunder Bay Tournament Centre (2 ice surfaces) Sir Winston Churchill Community Pool Volunteer Community Pool

Golf Courses[43] Centennial Golf Course (9 holes) Chapples Memorial Golf Course (18 Holes)(Municipal) Dragon Hills Golf Course (9 holes) Emerald Greens Golf Course (9 holes) Fort William Country Club (18 Holes) Municipal Golf Course (9 holes)(Municipal) Northern Lights Golf Complex (9 holes par 3/9 holes regulation) Strathcona Golf Course (18 holes)(Municipal) Thunder Bay Country Club (9 holes) Whitewater Golf Club (18 holes) Ski Hills Lappe Nordic Ski Centre Loch Lomond Ski Resort Mount Baldy Ski Resort

Sports teams

Club	Sport	League	Venue
Fort William North Stars	Ice Hockey	Superior International Junior Hockey League	Fort William Gardens
Lakehead Thunderwolves	Basketball	Ontario University Athletics	C. The Canada Games Complex was constructed in 1981 to host the aquatic events of the 1981 Canada Summer Games in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The Fort William Gardens is a 4690-capacity (3371-seat multi-purpose Arena in Thunder Bay Ontario, Canada. Port Arthur Stadium is a Stadium in Thunder Bay Ontario, Canada. Chapples Park is a Soccer stadium in Thunder Bay, Ontario. It was formerly called Fort William Stadium. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 A country club is a private Club which offers a variety of recreational Sports facilities usually located in city outskirts or rural areas A ski is a long flat device worn on the feet designed to help the wearer slide smoothly over snow The Fort William North Stars are a Tier II Junior "A" Ice hockey team from the Fort William section of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. History Although founded in 2001 the SIJHL is another chapter in a long history of Thunder Bay Junior "A" Hockey The Fort William Gardens is a 4690-capacity (3371-seat multi-purpose Arena in Thunder Bay Ontario, Canada. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Ontario University Athletics is the governing body of Ontario universities who compete in the a variety of varsity sports J. Sanders Fieldhouse
Lakehead Thunderwolves	Ice Hockey	Ontario University Athletics	Fort William Gardens
Lakehead Thunderwolves	Volleyball	Ontario University Athletics	C. Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet J. Sanders Fieldhouse
Thunder Bay Bearcats	Ice Hockey	Superior International Junior Hockey League	Fort William First Nations Arena
Thunder Bay Border Cats	Baseball	Northwoods League	Port Arthur Stadium
Thunder Bay Bulldogs	Ice Hockey	Superior International Junior Hockey League	Port Arthur Arena
Thunder Bay Chill	Soccer	United Soccer Leagues	Chapples Park Stadium

Media

Main article: Media of Thunder Bay

Print

Thunder Bay has one daily newspaper, The Chronicle-Journal, which has a circulation of approximately 28,000 and has coverage of all of Northwestern Ontario. The Thunder Bay Bearcats are a Tier II Junior "A" Ice hockey team from Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each The Northwoods League is a Summer Collegiate Baseball Association sanctioned summer Baseball league comprising teams of the top college players from North America and beyond Port Arthur Stadium is a Stadium in Thunder Bay Ontario, Canada. The Thunder Bay Bulldogs were a Tier II Junior "A" Ice hockey team from the Port Arthur section of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada Thunder Bay Chill are a Canadian Soccer team founded in 2000. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The United Soccer Leagues ( USL) is the parent organization for the men's lower division leagues of US and Canadian soccer USL First Division (second division Chapples Park is a Soccer stadium in Thunder Bay, Ontario. It was formerly called Fort William Stadium. The Chronicle-Journal is the daily Newspaper in Thunder Bay Ontario, Canada. ^[44] There are two weekly news papers—Thunder Bay's Source, a weekly newspaper operated by Dougall Media, and Canadan Sanomat, a Finnish language weekly newspaper. Dougall Media is a Canadian media company which has several television radio and publishing holdings in Northwestern Ontario. Canadan Sanomat is a weekly Finnish language Newspaper in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. Finnish ( or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92% As of 2006) and by ethnic Finns outside Lakehead University has a student newspaper called The Argus, which is published weekly during the school year. Lakehead University ( LU) is located in Thunder Bay, Ontario. ^[45] The Chronicle Journal publishes a free weekly called Spot every Thursday, focusing on entertainment. The city produces a bi-monthly publication to citizens titled yourCity, which is also available online in a PDF format. ^[46] Netnewsledger is a daily updated website covering news and current events in Thunder Bay, which places emphasis on connecting politicians to their constituents. ^[47]

Television

Three English language stations and one French language station supply Thunder Bay with free over-the-air television. Terrestrial television is a term which refers to modes of television broadcasting which do not involve satellite transmission CTV and CBC service is provided by a locally-owned twinstick operation branded as Thunder Bay Television, and the city receives TVOntario on channel 9 and the French CBLFT-TV on channel 12. CTV is a Canadian English language Television network. It is Canada's largest privately owned network the main television asset of CTVglobemedia CBC Television is a Canadian English language Television network. A twinstick, in Canadian broadcasting is a term for two Television stations, broadcasting in the same market which are owned by the same company Dougall Media is a Canadian media company which has several television radio and publishing holdings in Northwestern Ontario. TVOntario, often referred to only as TVO, ( Call signs CICA, CICE, CICO) is a publicly-funded educational English language CBLFT is the Radio-Canada television station serving Franco-Ontarians in Toronto and most of Ontario, including the Western,

The cable provider in Thunder Bay is Shaw. Shaw Communications is a Canadian Telecommunications company that provides telephone internet and television services The community channel on Shaw Cable is branded as Shaw TV, and airs on cable channel 10. A community channel, in Canadian broadcasting is a television channel produced and aired by a local Cable television company airing programming of local community Shaw TV is a locally-based community channel service operated by cable TV company Shaw Communications, and is available to Shaw Cable subscribers in most major communities

Radio

Thunder Bay is home to 10 radio stations, all of which broadcast on the FM band. See also Frequency modulation, FM band FM broadcasting is a broadcast Technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that

There are four commercial radio stations based in the city — Rock 94.3 and CKPR 91.5, owned by Dougall Media, the parent company of Thunder Bay Television and Thunder Bay's Source, and Magic 99.9 and 105.3 The Giant, owned by Newcap Broadcasting. CJSD is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 943 FM in Thunder Bay Ontario. CKPR is a Radio station in Thunder Bay Ontario, Canada. The station broadcasts a predominantly news / Talk radio format with a mix Dougall Media is a Canadian media company which has several television radio and publishing holdings in Northwestern Ontario. CJUK-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 999 FM in Thunder Bay Ontario. CKTG is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 1053 FM in Thunder Bay Ontario. Newfoundland Capital Corporation Limited () doing business as Newcap Broadcasting, is a major Canadian Broadcasting company The city receives CBC Radio One as CBQT-FM and CBC Radio 2 as CBQ-FM, at 88. CBC Radio One is the English-language news and information Radio network of the publicly-owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. CBQT-FM is a Canadian radio station It is the CBC Radio One station in Thunder Bay Ontario, broadcasting at 88 CBC Radio 2 is a Canadian FM radio network operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. CBQ-FM is a Canadian radio station airing the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 's CBC Radio Two network at 101 3 FM and 101. 7 FM respectively. The French Première Chaîne is available as a repeater of Sudbury-based CBON-FM on 89. Première Chaîne is a Canadian French language radio network the news and information service of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation / Société CBON is a Canadian radio station It broadcasts the Société Radio-Canada 's Première Chaîne network at 98 3 FM. Lakehead University operates a campus radio station, CILU-FM, at 102. CILU is a Canadian radio station which broadcasts at 1027 FM in Thunder Bay Ontario. 7 FM, and CJOA-FM 95.1 broadcasts Christian-oriented programming and is run by a local non-profit group. CJOA is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 951 FM in Thunder Bay Ontario. Christian radio is a Radio format that focuses on transmitting programming with a Christian message.

Notable natives

Main article: List of people from Thunder Bay, Ontario

Thunder Bay is home to a wide variety of notable people. The following people were born in residents of or are otherwise closely connected to the city of Thunder Bay Ontario List of mayors of Thunder Bay Ontario Activists Some of the best known living persons are Paul Shaffer, bandleader on the American Late Show with David Letterman,^[48] and Bobby Curtola, an early rock and roll singer and one-time teen idol,^[49] both of whom have streets named after them. Paul Allen Wood Shaffer, CM (born November 28, 1949 in Fort William, now Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian A bandleader is the leader of a band of Musicians The term is most commonly though not exclusively used with a group that plays Popular music as The Late Show with David Letterman is an Emmy Award -winning American late-night Talk show hosted by David Letterman on CBS Bobby Curtola, CM ( April 17, 1943 &ndash is an early Canadian Rock and roll singer and one-time Teen idol. Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African ‎ Teen idols refers to someone idolized by teens a teen idol is often young but in many cases no longer teenaged Notable athletes include NHL players (and brothers) Eric Staal, Marc Staal, Jordan Staal,^[50] Olympic gold medalist Katie Weatherston, professional BMX rider and 9-time X-Games medalist Jay Miron,^[51] and Vampiro, the top Canadian wrestler on Mexico's lucha libre circuit. The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America Eric Craig Staal (born on 29 October, 1984 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian Ice hockey player and alternate Marc Staal (born January 13, 1987 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian professional Jordan Staal (born on September 10, 1988 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a professional The 2006 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Katie Weatherston (born April 6, 1983 in Thunder Bay Ontario) is a women's Ice hockey player BMX ( Bicycle Motocross) is a form of Cycling on specially designed bicycles which usually have 20 inch wheels The X Games is an annual event with a focus on extreme action sports Jay Lawrence McNeil Miron (born March 10, 1970 in Thunder Bay Ontario) is an Canadian BMX athlete and owner of MacNeil Ian Richard Hodgkinson (born May 31 1967) is a Canadian professional wrestler better known by his Ring name of Vampiro Lucha libre ( Spanish for "free wrestling" is a term used in Mexico and other Spanish-speaking areas to refer to a certain form of Professional wrestling ^[52] Clarence Decatur Howe, originally from Massachusetts, moved to Canada in his early adult years and, as "Minister of Everything" played a major role in the economic development of Canada. Clarence Decatur "C D" Howe PC ( 15 January 1886 – 31 December 1960) was a leading Canadian politician ^[53] Bora Laskin, brother of the city's first mayor Saul Laskin, was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada from 1973 to 1984. Bora Laskin, PC, CC, FRSC ( October 5, 1912 &ndash March 26, 1984) was a Canadian Jurist Saul Laskin ( May 15, 1918 – October 4 2008) was a Canadian politician The Supreme Court of Canada ( French: Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian ^[54] Elizabeth Lawrie Smellie was a nurse, and the first woman to be promoted to the rank of colonel in the Canadian army. Elizabeth Lawrie Smellie ( March 22, 1884 &ndash March 5, 1968) was a Canadian Nurse, and the first woman to be promoted A nurse is responsible—along with other Health care Professionals —for the treatment safety and recovery of acutely or chronically Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country ^[55]

Surrounding municipalities

Notes and References

• Thorold J. Tronrud and A. Ernest Epp (1995) Thunder Bay: From Rivalry to Unity, Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society, ISBN 0-920119-20-4

External links

• Thunder Bay, Ontario is at coordinates 48°23′N 89°15′W / 48.38, -89.25 (Thunder Bay, Ontario)Coordinates: 48°23′N 89°15′W / 48.38, -89.25 (Thunder Bay, Ontario)
• City of Thunder Bay Official Website
• City of Thunder Bay Official Tourism Website
• Thunder Bay Chamber of Commerce
• Thunder Bay International Airports Authority

A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.

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