Thumri (Devnagari: ठुमरी, Nastaliq: ٹھمری) is a common genre of semi classical Indian music from the Hindustani classical music of North India. (also anglicized as Nastaleeq;) is one of the main genres of Islamic calligraphy. The origins of Indian classical music can be found from the oldest of Scriptures part of the Hindu tradition the Vedas. The music of India' includes multiple varieties of folk, popular, pop, and classical music. Hindustani Classical Music ( Hindi: हिन्दुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत Urdu: ہندوستانی شاستریے سنگیت
The text is romantic and devotional in nature, and usually revolves around a girl's love for Krishna. Krishna (कृष्ण in Devanagari kṛṣṇa in IAST, ˈkr̩ʂɳə in classical Sanskrit is a deity worshiped across many traditions of Hinduism The language is a dialect of Hindi called Braj bhasha. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Brij Bhasha (ब्रज भाषा also called Braj Bhasha, Braj Bhakha, or Daihaati Zabaan (country tongue is a Central Indian language This style is characterized by a greater flexibility with the rag.
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Format
Most commonly used rags are Pilu, Kafi, Khamaj, Tilak Kamod, Bhairavi etc. The compositions are usually set to kaherava of 8 beats, addha tal of 16 beats, dipchandi of 14 beats or jat of 16 beats.
Origins
Thumri arose in popularity during the 19th century in the Lucknow court of navab Wajid Ali Shah . The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Wajid Ali Shah (نواب واجد على شاه (official name. At that time it used to be a song sung by courtesans accompanied by dance. That was the bandish ki thumri or bol bant ki thumri. When this style of thumri went out of vogue, a new style became more popular, which is known as bol banao, sung in Varanasi.
Noted Thumri artists
Purab Ang
Famous artists of the 'Purab Ang' thumri' of the Benares gharana or Banaras gayaki are Badi Motibai Rasoolan Bai, Siddheshwari Devi, Girija Devi and Pandit Channulal Mishra [1]. Varanasi ( Sanskrit: वाराणसी Vārāṇasī, pronunciation) also commonly known as Benares ( or Banaras (बनारस In Hindustani music, a gharānā is a system of social organization linking musicians or dancers by lineage and/or apprenticeship and by adherence to a particular Siddheshwari Devi (1907 - 1976 was a famous Hindustani singer from Varanasi, India lovingly known as Maa (mother Girija Devi (b May 8, 1929, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India) is an Indian singer and represents the Banaras Gharana of Pandit Channulal Mishra ( Hindi: पंडित छन्नूलाल मिश्रा (b
Gaya Ang
This sytle of Thumri originated in Bihar and is hence also known as Bihar style [1].
Classical Thumri
Other famous singers of thumri are Gauhar Jan, Begum Akhtar, Shobha Gurtu, and even the Pakistani melody queen Noor Jehan. Gauhar Jaan (or Gauhar Jan ( Hindi: गौहर जान (1873–1930 was an Indian Singer and Dancer meaning a Tawaif from Calcutta. Begum Akhtar ( October 7, 1914 – 1974 was a vocalist from Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh in India. Shobha Gurtu (शोभा गुर्टू (1925 -2004 was one of India 's most famous singers in the light Hindustani classical style Noor Jehan ( was the adopted stage name for Allah Wasai (born September 21, 1926 – December 23, 2000) who was a Pakistani The bol banao style has a slow tempo and is comcluded by a laggi, a faster phase where the tabla player has some freedom of improvisation. This article is about the Indian drum For the drum with the same name in Arabic, see Goblet drum.
Another stalwart in the genre of thumri was Naina devi, who was married to a royal family but later devoted her life to the singing of the song of Tawaifs. For a member of the royal family to take such a step in those days meant fighting countless social stigmas that had enough power to totally alieanate someone from the society. But she had the support of her husband.
Some khyal singers took interest in thumri and sang it their own way, as in the case of Bade Ghulam Ali Khan [1] and Abdul Karim Khan. Khyal (or Khayal: Hindi: ख़्याल Urdu: خیال is the modern genre of classical singing in North India. Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan Devanagari: बड़े ग़ुलाम अली ख़ान; Shahmukhi: بذے غلام علی خان; b Ustad Abdul Karim Khan ( Devanagari: अब्दुल करीम ख़ान ( November 11, 1872 - 1937, and the Kirana Gharana
Today, thumri is mainly sang at the end of khayal concerts as a concluding item. With tabla and the tanpura, other typical instruments in thumri are sarangi, harmonium, and Swarmandal. The tambura ( Hindi: तानपूरा is a type of Stringed instrument found in different versions in different places around the world most are plucked The Sarangi ( Hindi A harmonium is a free-standing musical keyboard instrument similar to a Reed Organ or Pipe Organ
Lyrics
Many classical singers pay considerable attention to the lyrics, though they may be difficult to follow in the ornamented enunciation. This is especially where the focus is on love, and many lyrics deal with separation or viraha. Krishna's rags leelA or love play with Radha and other gopi's of Vrindavan appear frequently. For Radha the mother of Karna from Mahabharata see Radha (Mahabharata Radha (Devanagari राधा IAST Rādhā is the principal Vrindavan (alternate spellings Vrindaban or Brindavan) or Vraj in Mathura district, Uttar Pradesh, India is a town on Here are the lyrics of a thumri composed by the medieval poet Lalan, celebrating Krishna's flute - how its tunes are driving Radha mad. Braj or Vrindavan is where Krishna is indulging in this love play; Radha is the "girl of Braj". Region and the cult of Krishna Region is closely related to the Hindu epic Mahabharata. Vrindavan (alternate spellings Vrindaban or Brindavan) or Vraj in Mathura district, Uttar Pradesh, India is a town on
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This piece is often sung by Pandit Channulal Mishra. Pandit Channulal Mishra ( Hindi: पंडित छन्नूलाल मिश्रा (b
References
- ^ a b c A thumri concert in Varanasi The Hindu, Sep 14, 2007.
External links
Bibliography
- Thumri in Historical and Stylistic Perspectives by Peter Manuel
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