The Three Represents (simplified Chinese: 三个代表; traditional Chinese: 三個代表; pinyin: Sāngè Dàibiǎo) is a socio-political ideology credited to General Secretary Jiang Zemin which became a guiding ideology of the Communist Party of China at its 16th Party Congress in 2002. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Jiang Zemin ( born 17 August 1926 was the "core of the third generation " of Communist Party of China leaders serving as General Secretary of The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The official statement of the ideology stipulates that the Communist Party of China should be representative to advanced social productive forces, advanced culture, and the interests of the overwhelming majority. The ideology is important that it attempted to transform the Communist Party to become a ruling party representing the majority of the people as opposed to its old image of a vanguard revolutionary party driven by the proletariat. To a certain degree it legitimized the inclusion of members of the business class, i. e. capitalists, into the party. It has been criticized as a political legacy project by leader Jiang Zemin with no practical application, with the main purpose being to equate him with former leaders Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping, who each had their ideological vision enshrined in the party constitution. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Deng Xiaoping ( 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese Revolutionary, Politician, Pragmatist and Reformer
Synopsis
The formal statement of the theory is:
| “ | Reviewing the course of struggle and the basic experience over the past 80 years and looking ahead to the arduous tasks and bright future in the new century, our Party should continue to stand in the forefront of the times and lead the people in marching toward victory. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The politics of the People's Republic of China take place in a framework of a single-party socialist republic. Power within the Government of the People's Republic of China is divided among three bodies the Communist Party of China, the state and the People's The Central People's Government is the Central government of the People's Republic of China in Beijing. The Constitution of the People's Republic of China ( is the highest law within the People's Republic of China. The 1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China was promulgated by the 1st National People's Congress meeting in Beijing on September 20, The 1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China was promulgated in the midst of the unrest of the Cultural Revolution by the 4th National People's Congress The 1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China was promulgated in 1978. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Maoism, variably and officially known as Mao Zedong Thought ( is a variant of Marxism derived from the teachings of the late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping ( 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese Revolutionary, Politician, Pragmatist and Reformer Deng Xiaoping Theory ( also known as Dengism, is the series of political and economic ideologies first developed by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. Jiang Zemin ( born 17 August 1926 was the "core of the third generation " of Communist Party of China leaders serving as General Secretary of Hu Jintao ( born 21 December 1942 is currently the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist The Scientific Development Concept ( Pinyin: Kēxué Fāzhǎn Guān is the current official guiding socio-economic ideology of the Communist Party of China The President of the People's Republic of China ( literally Chairman of the Chinese People's Republic or abbreviated Guójiā Zhǔxí 国家主席 literally State Chairman Hu Jintao ( born 21 December 1942 is currently the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist A similar term is "National Congress" which is a less common translation of People's Political Consultative Conference. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) is a committee of about 150 members of the National People's Congress (NPC of the People's The legislative system of the People's Republic of China may either refer to the system of laws and regulations generated in China's legal system or more narrowly the system of formulation The Premier of the State Council ( sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "Prime Minister" is the Chairman of the State Council of the People's Republic of China This is a Chinese name; the family name is Wen. Wen Jiabao ( (born 15 September 1942 is the Premier of the The State Council ( which is largely synonymous with the Central People's Government ( is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China The People's Liberation Army ( PLA) ( is the unified Military organization of all land sea and air forces of the People's Republic of China. The Central Military Commission ( CMC) ( refers to one of two bodies within the People's Republic of China, either to the Central Military Commission of the People's Law of the People's Republic of China is the legal regime of the People's Republic of China, with the separate legal traditions and systems of Mainland China, Supreme People's Procuratorate ( is the highest agency at the national level responsible for Prosecution in the People's Republic of China. The Judicial system (or Judicial branch) of the People's Republic of China has both broad and narrow meanings The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the The Constitution of the Communist Party of China (CPC ( has 53 Articles and includes contents of General Program Membership Organization System Central Organizations The General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee ( is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China and heads the Secretariat The National Congress of the Communist Party of China ( is a Party congress that is held about once every five years The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China ( Chinese: 中国共产党中央委员会 Pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Wěiyuánhuì formerly The Secretariat of the Communist Party of China Central Committee ( Chinese: 中国共产党中央委员会书记处 pinyin Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Wěiyuánhuì The Politburo of the Communist Party of China ( Chinese: 中国共产党中央政治局 Pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú (also "Political The Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (PSC, abbreviated) is a committee whose membership varies between 5 and 9 people usually men and includes The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference ( People's Political Consultative Conference The People's Republic of China (PRC is formally a multi-party state under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CCP in the Popular front model similar Elections in the People's Republic of China take two forms Direct elections occur for village councils in designated rural areas and for the local People's Congress See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted Since the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, the human rights issue of China has come to the forefront The Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China draw upon traditions extending back to imperial China in the Qing Dynasty Foreign aid to the People's Republic of China takes the form of both bilateral and multilateral official Development assistance and official aid to individual recipients Politics of Hong Kong takes place in a framework of a political system dominated by People's Republic of China, its own legislature the Chief Executive Politics of Macau takes place in a framework of a political system dominated by the People's Republic of China, an own legislature the Chief Executive as the The Politics of the Republic of China (ROC takes place in a framework of a Semi-presidential representative democratic Republic, Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent In a word, the Party must always represent the requirements of the development of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China. | ” |
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— Jiang Zemin's speech at the 16th CPC Congress, November 2002)
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The actual function of the theory is two-fold. November 2002: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - It legitimizes the inclusion of capitalists and private entrepreneurs within the Communist Party, and as a result has been the subject of quiet but heated opposition within the party. Second, it is an attempt to cement Jiang Zemin's historical legacy as a Marxist theorist on the level of Mao Zedong for Mao Zedong thought and Deng Xiaoping for socialism with Chinese characteristics. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Maoism, variably and officially known as Mao Zedong Thought ( is a variant of Marxism derived from the teachings of the late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping ( 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese Revolutionary, Politician, Pragmatist and Reformer This article is about the term itself and its relationships For its implementation and effects see Economy of the People's Republic of China and Chinese economic
One possible interpretation of the "Three Represents":
- "Represents advanced social productive forces" = Economic production
- "Represents the progressive course of China's advanced culture" = Cultural development
- "Represents the fundamental interests of the majority" = Political consensus
Some of the difficulty in interpreting the theory may be due to translation difficulties; but many Chinese, including members of the Party, find it incomprehensible. Although open criticism of the Theory of the Three Represents is taboo, there have been reports of private unease at this theory from within the Communist Party of China for a number of reasons. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the Many dislike the focus of the theory on the advanced social productive forces, since it ignores the widening social gap between the rich and poor. Also many feel that Jiang Zemin's promotion of the theory was similar to the creation of a cult of personality. Jiang Zemin ( born 17 August 1926 was the "core of the third generation " of Communist Party of China leaders serving as General Secretary of A cult of personality or personality cult arises when a country's leader uses Mass media to create a heroic public image through unquestioning flattery and praise
One of the main goals of the Three Represents is to change the Communist Party of China into a governmental and more democratic party, rather than a strictly communist system of government. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the This opens up the Party to "the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people", such as businessmen and managers. This makes for a party ("dǎng" 党) that is much more attractive for a greater number of people. The Theory of the Three Represents is another expansion to what the communist government of China would define as "allies". In the very beginning of Maoist regime, everyone except farmers and workers were classified as "class enemies". Over the years, the number of people that could in fact still be defined as "class enemies" kept reducing, seeing how the number of people that belonged to the "wavering middle" (people that were not allies, but could in fact not threaten the Party's regime) increased.
Since the ideology's inception its reception has been cold both inside the party and in the general populace. Since taking power, the Hu-Wen Administration has gradually moved to take on Scientific Development Concept as the guiding ideology, and mentions Three Represents only in official documents and programs. The Hu-Wen Administration (or Hu-Wen New Administration, 胡温新政 is the name given to the Chinese leadership after Jiang Zemin, Li Peng and Zhu The Scientific Development Concept ( Pinyin: Kēxué Fāzhǎn Guān is the current official guiding socio-economic ideology of the Communist Party of China
See also
External links
Deng Xiaoping Theory ( also known as Dengism, is the series of political and economic ideologies first developed by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic