Thrash metal
Stylistic origins	NWOBHM Speed metal Hardcore punk Classical music
Cultural origins	Early 1980s United States
Typical instruments	Vocals – Electric guitar – Bass guitar – Drums
Mainstream popularity	Mostly underground in early 1980s, rise in popularity in mid-late 1980s, high in early 1990s, low popularity in mid 1990s- early 2000s. The New Wave of British Heavy Metal (frequently abbreviated as NWOBHM) is a heavy metal music movement that started in the late 1970s in Britain, and achieved Speed metal is a sub-genre of Heavy metal music originating in the late 1970s and early 1980s that was the direct musical progenitor of Thrash metal. Hardcore punk (now usually referred to as simply hardcore) is a subgenre of Punk rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music The United States of America —commonly referred to as the An electric guitar is a type of Guitar that uses pickups to convert the vibration of its steel-cored strings into an electrical current which is made louder The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells Resurgence of popularity in late 2000s.
Derivative forms	Death metal Black metal Groove metal
Fusion genres
Crossover thrash
Regional scenes
Germany – Poland – United States: Bay Area – New York – Brazil: Brazilian – UK
Other topics
Extreme metal – List of thrash metal bands

Thrash metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music, one of the extreme metal subgenres that is characterised by high speed riffing and aggression. Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It typically employs fast tempos heavily distorted guitars deep growling vocals morbid lyrics Black metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It often employs fast tempos shrieked vocals highly distorted guitars played with Tremolo picking, Groove metal, often associated with neo-thrash / post-thrash and power groove, is a term sometimes used to describe a derivative of Thrash Thrash metal (sometimes referred to simply as thrash) is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal that is characterized by its fast tempo and aggression Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Bay Area thrash metal, or " Bay Area thrash," refers to a steady following of heavy metal bands in the 1980s who formed and gained international status in New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Brazilian thrash metal is a form of Thrash metal music that originated during the 1980s in Brazil. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Extreme metal is an Umbrella term, somewhat loosely defined for a number of related heavy metal subgenres that have developed since the 1980s This is a list of bands that have played thrash metal at some point during their career sorted by country of origin Extreme metal is an Umbrella term, somewhat loosely defined for a number of related heavy metal subgenres that have developed since the 1980s Thrash metal songs typically use fast, percussive and low-register guitar riffs, overlaid with shredding-style lead work. In Music, a riff is an Ostinato figure a repeated Chord progression, pattern refrain or melodic figure, often played by the Rhythm Shred guitar or shred refers to lead Electric guitar playing that relies heavily on fast passages the act of playing fast passages on an electric guitar is termed ^[1] Thrash song lyrics sometimes express views which prefers to attempt an objective critique of society. Thrash metal lyrics also often deal with social issues using visceral and blunt language, an approach which partially overlaps with the hardcore genre. Social issues are matters which directly or indirectly affect many or all members of a Society and are considered to be problems controversies related to Moral values Hardcore punk (now usually referred to as simply hardcore) is a subgenre of Punk rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s The so-called "Big Four" of thrash metal are Slayer, Megadeth, Metallica, and Anthrax, who essentially simultaneously brought fame to the genre in the mid 1980s. Slayer is an American Thrash metal band founded by Guitarists Jeff Hanneman and Kerry King in Megadeth is an American heavy metal band led by founder front man guitarist and songwriter Dave Mustaine. Metallica is an American heavy metal band that formed in 1981 in. Anthrax is a New York City -based heavy metal band that released its first full-length album in 1984

The origins of thrash metal are generally traced to the late 1970s and early 1980s, when a number of bands began incorporating the sound of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal,^[2] creating a new genre and developing into a separate movement from punk rock and hardcore. The New Wave of British Heavy Metal (frequently abbreviated as NWOBHM) is a heavy metal music movement that started in the late 1970s in Britain, and achieved Hardcore punk (now usually referred to as simply hardcore) is a subgenre of Punk rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s This genre is much more aggressive compared to its relative, speed metal. Speed metal is a sub-genre of Heavy metal music originating in the late 1970s and early 1980s that was the direct musical progenitor of Thrash metal. There is often significant crossover from one metal category to another, and some bands use musical influences from non-metal genres.

Contents 1 Musical traits 2 History 2.1 Origins 2.2 Mid-1980s 2.3 Late-1980s 2.4 1990s 2.5 Recent trends 3 Regional scenes 3.1 Bay Area 3.2 East Coast (New York/New Jersey) 3.3 Germany 3.4 Brazil 3.5 Australia 3.6 Other Scenes 4 Crossover thrash 5 See also 6 Further reading 7 References

Musical traits

Thrash metal features a number of fast and rapid tempos, low-register, quick, complex guitar riffs, and high-register guitar solos. 2266-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl or TEMPO is the Chemical compound with the formula (CH23(CMe22NO In Music, a riff is an Ostinato figure a repeated Chord progression, pattern refrain or melodic figure, often played by the Rhythm Guitar solos are a melodic passage section or entire piece of music written for an Electric guitar or an Acoustic guitar. Thrash rhythm guitar playing is characterized by palm muting and staccato used with a heavily distorted tone and tightly controlled riffs to create a "chugging" sound. The palm mute is a playing technique for the Guitar or bass. This technique is known as Pizzicato by Classical guitar players (see Classical In Musical notation, the Italian word staccato (literally detached, plural staccatos or staccati) indicates that notes

Thrash guitar solos are almost exclusively played at high speed, as they are usually characterized by shredding, and use techniques such as sweep picking, legato phrasing, alternate picking, string skipping, and two-hand tapping. Shred guitar or shred refers to lead Electric guitar playing that relies heavily on fast passages the act of playing fast passages on an electric guitar is termed Sweep picking is a technique used on the Guitar in which a 'sweeping' motion of the pick is combined with a matching fret hand technique in order to produce a specific In Musical notation the Italian word legato (literally meaning "tied together" indicates that musical notes are played or sung smoothly Alternate picking is a Guitar playing technique used only by pick users that employs strictly alternating downward and upward picking strokes in a continuous run String skipping is a Guitar -playing technique that is used mainly for solos and complex Riffs in rock and Heavy metal songs Tapping is a playing technique generally associated with the Electric guitar, although the technique may be performed on almost any String instrument. Thrash lead guitarists are rooted in the New Wave of British Heavy Metal movement. Lead guitar refers to the use of a Guitar to perform Melody lines instrumental fill passages, and Guitar solos within a song structure The New Wave of British Heavy Metal (frequently abbreviated as NWOBHM) is a heavy metal music movement that started in the late 1970s in Britain, and achieved

The speed and pacing of the songs is what defines thrash metal. The music tends to have a visceral, propellant feel to it due to its drumming style, most commonly utilizing the snare drum on the 1/2 beat, or the 2nd and 4th beats of the measure. Frantic bass drum use is also common. Thrash drummers often use two bass drums. Some thrash drummers are revered as some of the "best drummers in rock music". ^[3]

Due to the genre's high speed, many thrash bassists use a pick to keep up with the other instruments. Often called a pick or plec, a plectrum is a small flat tool used to pluck or strum a stringed instrument. However, some prominent bassists within thrash used their fingers, including Frank Bello, Greg Christian and the late Cliff Burton. Frank Bello (born July 9, 1965) is the Bass guitar player for the metal band Anthrax. Greg Christian is the Bassist for the American Thrash metal band Testament. Clifford Lee Burton (February 10 1962 &ndash September 27 1986 was a bass guitarist best known for his work with the American heavy metal band Metallica ^[4] Several bassists use an overdriven or distorted bass tone, an approach popularized by Burton and Motorhead's Lemmy. Lemmy (born Ian Fraser Kilmister, December 24 1945) also known as Lemmy Kilmister, Ian Willis or Lemmy von Motörhead

Lyrical themes worked in thrash include gore,government, life and death, religion and society. For it working with warfare, brutal feelings supposedly hidden into human unconsciousness and visions of a possible future collapse of civilization. See also Unconscious mind. Unconsciousness, more appropriately referred to as loss of Consciousness or lack of consciousness is This is about the future of civilization humans and the earth In contrast to many extreme metal genres to follow, thrash metal often focused on positive social issues, for instance environmentalism as was in the case of the band Nuclear Assault. Social issues are matters which directly or indirectly affect many or all members of a Society and are considered to be problems controversies related to Moral values Environmentalism is a broad philosophy and Social movement centered on a concern for the conservation and improvement of the environment. Nuclear Assault is an American Thrash metal / crossover band formed in 1984.

History

Origins

1981 is seen as a critical year for the development of thrash metal, but work prior to 1981 helped shape the genre. Black Sabbath's 1971 song "Children of the Grave" as well as "Symptom of the Universe" are some of the earliest examples of proto-thrash. Black Sabbath are an Children of the Grave is a song by Black Sabbath from their 1971 album Master of Reality. Queen's 1974 songs "Ogre Battle" and "Stone Cold Crazy" are cited as early precursors of the thrash metal sound. Queen were an English rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist Queen II is the second album by English rock band Queen, originally released in 1974 " Stone Cold Crazy " is a song by English rock band Queen from their successful 1974 album Sheer Heart Attack. ^[5]; Metallica would win a Grammy Award in 1991 for their recording of the latter song. Metallica is an American heavy metal band that formed in 1981 in. The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences

Soon after "The Beast Within" was released, a Southern California band named Leather Charm would write the song "Hit the Lights". Leather Charm was a short-lived American heavy metal band from Downey California. Leather Charm was a short-lived band. The primary songwriter for Leather Charm, James Hetfield, joined Metallica when he found an article in the paper that Lars Ulrich posted looking for a vocalist, guitarist, and bassist. James Alan Hetfield (born August 3, 1963, in Downey California) is the main Songwriter, co-founder vocalist and Rhythm guitarist Metallica is an American heavy metal band that formed in 1981 in. Lars Ulrich (born December 26 1963) is a Danish Drummer best known as the co-founder of the American heavy metal The song, "Hit the Lights" was released by Metallica.

The European thrash scene that began in early 82 was almost exclusively influenced by the most aggressive music both Germany and England were producing at that time. NWOBHM Bands such as Tank, Raven and Venom, along with homegrown metal exports Accept, motivated musicians from eastern Europe to start bands of their own and produced German teutonic thrash exports such as Sodom, Kreator and Destruction. The New Wave of British Heavy Metal (frequently abbreviated as NWOBHM) is a heavy metal music movement that started in the late 1970s in Britain, and achieved Tank is a British heavy metal band formed in 1980 by Algy Ward, a former member of The Damned. Raven are an English heavy metal band associated with the New Wave of British Heavy Metal movement Venom are an English ACCEPT is the primary nongovernmental organization advocating for the rights of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender ( LGBT Sodom are a German Thrash metal band from Gelsenkirchen, formed in 1982 Kreator are a German Thrash metal band from Essen Germany. They started their career in 1982 under the name Tormentor Destruction are a German Thrash metal band from Lörrach, in southern Germany.

Metallica released the No Life 'Til Leather demo in July 1982, and was the second band to release a studio LP, after Venom. Metallica is an American heavy metal band that formed in 1981 in. It was titled Kill 'Em All and released in July 1983. Kill 'Em All is the debut album by Metallica. It was recorded in only two weeks on a small budget Shortly following the release of Kill 'Em All, Slayer released their debut full length album entitled Show No Mercy, in December 1983. Slayer is an American Thrash metal band founded by Guitarists Jeff Hanneman and Kerry King in You might have been searching for Mark Williams 's song of the same name.

Mid-1980s

The popularity of thrash metal increased in 1984 with the release of Metallica's Ride the Lightning, Anthrax's Fistful of Metal, Overkill's self-titled EP and Slayer's Haunting the Chapel. Ride the Lightning is the second album by American heavy metal band Metallica, released on July 27 1984 by Megaforce Records Anthrax is a New York City -based heavy metal band that released its first full-length album in 1984 Fistful of Metal is the name of the debut album by American heavy metal band Anthrax. Overkill was the first EP recorded by the Thrash metal band Overkill released in 1984 on Azra/Metal Storm records Haunting the Chapel is an EP released by the Thrash metal band Slayer in 1984 through Metal Blade and Enigma Records This led to a heavier sounding form of thrash, which was reflected in Exodus's Bonded by Blood and Slayer's Hell Awaits. For other uses of the phrase see Bonded by Blood (disambiguation Bonded by Blood is the debut Album by the California band Exodus Hell Awaits is the second Studio album by the American Thrash metal band Slayer, released through Metal Blade Records in 1985 In 1985, the German band Kreator released their debut album Endless Pain and the Brazilian band Sepultura released their EP Bestial Devastation. Kreator are a German Thrash metal band from Essen Germany. They started their career in 1982 under the name Tormentor Endless Pain is the debut album of the Thrash metal band Kreator released in 1985 by Noise Records. Sepultura ( Portuguese: Grave) are a Brazilian heavy metal band from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, formed in 1984 An extended play ( EP) is a Vinyl record, CD, or Music download which contains more music than a single, but is too short to qualify Bestial Devastation is an EP by Brazilian Thrash metal band Sepultura, released in 1985 through Cogumelo records. Megadeth, which was formed by former Metallica guitarist Dave Mustaine, released their debut album Killing Is My Business... And Business Is Good! in 1985. Megadeth is an American heavy metal band led by founder front man guitarist and songwriter Dave Mustaine. David Scott Mustaine (born September 13, 1961 in La Mesa, California USA) is the lead/rhythm Guitarist, Songwriter Killing Is My Business and Business Is Good! is the debut album by American heavy metal band Megadeth.

Some of the most influential thrash albums were released in 1986. Dark Angel Released its second album Darkness Descends in 1986, featuring extremely 'over the top' style, with lengthy, extremely fast (some over 300 bpm), violent and gory songs. Darkness Descends is the second studio album by the American Thrash metal band Dark Angel. Slayer, regarded as one of the most sinister thrash metal bands from the early 1980s^[6] released Reign in Blood, considered by many a highly influential album (according to All Music Guide, this record has inspired the entire death metal genre^[7]). Slayer is an American Thrash metal band founded by Guitarists Jeff Hanneman and Kerry King in Reign in Blood is the third Studio album and major label debut by the American Thrash metal band Slayer. allmusic (previously All Music Guide) is a Metadata database about music owned by All Media Guide. Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It typically employs fast tempos heavily distorted guitars deep growling vocals morbid lyrics Kreator released Pleasure to Kill, which would later be an influence on the death metal genre. Pleasure to Kill, released in 1986 is the second Album from the band Kreator. Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It typically employs fast tempos heavily distorted guitars deep growling vocals morbid lyrics ^[8][9][10]

Metallica's 1986 album Master of Puppets, was one of the first thrash metal albums to receive critical acclaim and commercial success. Master of Puppets is the third studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica. In November of the same year, Megadeth released Peace Sells... But Who's Buying?, which proved to be the band's commercial and critical breakthrough^[11]. Peace Sells but Who's Buying? is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Megadeth. Considered to be a landmark thrash metal album, All Music Guide cited Peace Sells. . . But Who's Buying? as "One of the most influential metal albums of its decade, and certainly one of the few truly definitive thrash albums". ^[12]

Thrash metal developed into many sub-genres in the mid 1980s. The genre influenced many bands like Death and Possessed (guitarist Larry LaLonde later joined popular alternative rock group Primus). Death was an influential American Death metal band founded in 1983 by guitarist and vocalist Chuck Schuldiner, considered a "pioneering death Possessed is an influential American Death metal band and was formed in 1983 in San Francisco, California. Larry "Ler" LaLonde (born Reid Lawrence LaLonde on September 12, 1968 in Oakland California) is a Guitarist who currently plays in Primus is an American rock band currently composed of singer and bassist Les Claypool, guitarist Larry "Ler" LaLonde, and Some bands combined speed and thrash metal. Megadeth, Helstar, Testament, and Heathen were known for flashy lead guitar work. Helstar is a heavy metal band from Houston, Texas, formed in 1982 Heathen is a North American Thrash metal band originating from the Bay Area California, founded in 1984 by guitarist Lee Altus Watchtower's 1985 release Energetic Disassembly showcased much more progressive work, using very odd time signatures and jazz influenced song structures. Watchtower is an American progressive / technical Thrash metal band based in Austin Texas who were mostly active in the 1980s Energetic Disassembly is the debut album by Progressive metal band Watchtower, released in 1985 (see 1985 in music)

Spurred on by the international success of fellow Canadian progressive rockers Rush, Canada produced many thrash bands from coast to coast some of which had very strong progressive rock leanings. Rush is a Canadian rock band originally formed in August 1968 in the Willowdale neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, currently comprised of Bands such as Montreal's Voivod and Eudoxis were among the first bands to combine their 70's progressive rock influences with speed metal. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Voivod are a Canadian heavy metal band from Jonquière, Quebec, Canada. Eudoxis was a Thrash metal band formed in 1984 in Montreal, Canada. Voivod became increasingly diverse as the 80's came to a close with a more experimental Industrial style on their landmark album Nothingface. Nothingface is a four-piece Alternative metal band from Washington D Annihilator, Anvil, Exciter, Razor and Sacrifice were other Canadian bands that enjoyed a small but dedicated following in the mid 80's. Annihilator is a Canadian Thrash metal band formed in 1984 They debuted with the critically-acclaimed album Alice in Hell in 1989 Anvil are a Canadian heavy metal band The roots of Anvil began in April 1973 in Toronto, when high school friends Steve "Lips" Kudlow Exciter are a Canadian Thrash metal band from Ottawa, Ontario. Razor is a Canadian speed / Thrash metal band formed in 1984 at Guelph Ontario.

Late-1980s

The late 1980s showed thrash metal experiencing a radical change. Little by little, thrash metal became more musical as opposed to lyrically oriented. Though the genre was already known for being technical, it would be pushed to a whole new extreme that would result in many more bands forming.

In 1986, Anthrax released their album Among the Living, which bore similarities to their two previous releases: Fistful of Metal and Spreading the Disease, with fast and heavy guitars and pounding drums. Anthrax is a New York City -based heavy metal band that released its first full-length album in 1984 Among the Living is the third studio album by American heavy metal band Anthrax. Fistful of Metal is the name of the debut album by American heavy metal band Anthrax. Spreading the Disease is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Anthrax and the first with vocalist Joey Belladonna Anthrax's songs can be considered slightly more "melodic" when compared to other thrash metal bands of the era, due to their upbeat and catchy riffs. In Music, a riff is an Ostinato figure a repeated Chord progression, pattern refrain or melodic figure, often played by the Rhythm

Testament would release their debut album, The Legacy, that same year. The Legacy is the debut album of the band Testament. It was released in 1987 The musical tone of Testament generally emphasized the more progressive elements of thrash metal. The lyrics on this album especially were about the occult and Satanic topics that would influence the lyrics of death metal. The word occult comes from the Latin word occultus (clandestine hidden secret referring to "knowledge of the hidden" For other uses of the word see Satanism (disambiguation. Satanism can refer to a number of belief systems depending on the user and context Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It typically employs fast tempos heavily distorted guitars deep growling vocals morbid lyrics Death Angel took a similar pro-thrash approach with their 1987 debut, The Ultra-Violence, which featured more operatic lyrics influenced by classic rock acts like Queen and NWOBHM bands such as Iron Maiden. Death Angel, formed in 1982 is a Filipino-American Thrash metal band from Concord, California. The Ultra-Violence is the first Album by the band Death Angel, released in 1987 Classic rock was originally conceived as a Radio station programming format which evolved from the Album oriented rock (AOR format in the early-1980s For other uses see Iron maiden.

In 1988, Suicidal Tendencies, who had previously been a straightforward punk band, released their major label debut How Will I Laugh Tomorrow When I Can't Even Smile Today. Suicidal Tendencies (also known as ST or Suicidal) is an American Hardcore punk and heavy metal band How Will I Laugh Tomorrow When I Can't Even Smile Today is the third Album by the Thrash metal band Suicidal Tendencies, released on This album had very thrashy guitar riffs and an overall very metal oriented sound, with much more complicated song structures than on their previous albums, but the band still stayed true to their roots as a band in that the songs were very melodic and had catchy choruses.

By 1988 or so, the genre was quite saturated with new bands, but classic albums would still be recorded and released. Sepultura's third album, Beneath the Remains (1989) earned them some mainstream appeal as it appeared on Roadrunner records. Beneath the Remains is the third studio album by Brazilian Thrash metal band Sepultura, released in 1989 Roadrunner Records (Roadrunner Music Group BV is a Record label that concentrates on heavy metal bands Testament continued through the late 1980s with The New Order (1988) and Practice What You Preach (1989), both albums showing the band was continuing to grow musically and almost gaining Testament the same level of popularity as the "Big Four"^{[13][14][15][16]} of thrash: Metallica, Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer. The New Order is the second Album by the Thrash metal group Testament, released on May 10, 1988 (see 1988 in For other uses see the disambiguation page. Practice What You Preach is the third album by Thrash metal band Testament Vio-lence, a relative latecomer to the Bay Area thrash metal scene put out an acclaimed debut in Eternal Nightmare (1988), combining relentless riffage with a punk vocal delivery, resulting in one of the fastest, heaviest thrash albums of all time. Vio-lence was a Thrash metal band formed in 1985 that released a few demo tapes one EP and 3 LPs between 1985 and 1993 Eternal Nightmare is the debut album by the San Francisco Bay Area Thrash band Vio-lence. Canadian thrashers Annihilator would release their highly technical debut album Alice in Hell (1989) which received much praise due to its fast riffs and virtuostic guitar solos. Annihilator is a Canadian Thrash metal band formed in 1984 They debuted with the critically-acclaimed album Alice in Hell in 1989 Alice in Hell is the first album by the band Annihilator, released in 1989. Sadus was another band influenced by the Thrash Metal genre, featuring a very strong sound which was primarily caused by the fretless bass of Steve DiGiorgio. Sadus is an American highly technical Thrash metal trio from Antioch California. Meanwhile in Germany, Sodom released "Agent Orange" and Kreator would release "Extreme Aggression". Both albums hit the scene in 1989 and are highly regarded as thrash metal classics by fans all around the world.

Older bands continued to record classic albums though. Megadeth released So Far, So Good... So What! in 1988, while Metallica's album ...And Justice for All of the same year spawned the band's first video, the World War I-themed song "One". So Far So Good So What! is the third Studio album by American heavy metal band Megadeth. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All " One " is a Grammy Award winning song by Heavy metal band Metallica. The extremely complex song structure of "One" has made it a pioneering song among progressive metal bands, including Dream Theater, which has cited Metallica as a major influence. Progressive metal (often referred to simply as prog metal) is a sub-genre of Heavy metal music which blends the powerful guitar-driven sound of metal with the complex Dream Theater is an American Progressive metal band formed in 1985 under the name " Majesty " by John Myung, John Petrucci ^[17]

1990s

Among the thrash albums released in 1990 included Megadeth's Rust in Peace, Anthrax's Persistence of Time, Slayer's Seasons in the Abyss, Suicidal Tendencies' Lights...Camera...Revolution!, Testament's Souls of Black, Annihilator's Never, Neverland and Kreator's Coma of Souls. Rust in Peace is the fourth Studio album by American heavy metal band Megadeth. This is about the musical album For the painting see The Persistence of Memory. Seasons in the Abyss is the fifth studio album by the Thrash metal band Slayer. LightsCameraRevolution! is the fourth full length album (not counting the Controlled By Hatred/Feel Like Shit Souls of Black is the fourth album by Testament, released in 1990 Never Neverland is the second album by heavy metal band Annihilator. Coma of Souls is the fifth full-length album by German Thrash metal band Kreator released in 1990. All of those albums were commercial high points for the aforementioned artists. Most of these bands embarked on the Clash of the Titans tour that year.

In the 1990s, as some bands explored more innovative directions, bands that played classic thrash metal were seen as throw-backs. The 1992 album by Iced Earth, Night of the Stormrider combined power-metal and thrash metal. Iced Earth is an American heavy metal band from Tampa, Florida that combines influences from Thrash metal, Power metal, Night of the Stormrider is American heavy metal band Iced Earth 's second full-length Album. Dark Angel's swansong album Time Does Not Heal was a technically challenging, progressive thrash with a number of complex riffs. Time Does Not Heal is the fourth and final Album by Dark Angel, which was released in 1991 Many bands, however, opted for a slower, more groove-oriented sound, including Machine Head (formed from Vio-Lence) and Pantera. Groove metal, often associated with neo-thrash / post-thrash and power groove, is a term sometimes used to describe a derivative of Thrash Machine Head is an American metal band formed in 1992 in Oakland, California. Vio-lence was a Thrash metal band formed in 1985 that released a few demo tapes one EP and 3 LPs between 1985 and 1993 Pantera was an American heavy metal band from Arlington, Texas, formed by the Abbott brothers Vinnie Paul ( drums) and

While alternative rock was the predominant genre of the 1990s, thrash metal managed to gain influence. Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of The alternative rock band Primus (who featured guitarist Larry LaLonde) blended Les Claypool's funky bass lines with thrash-influenced guitar riffs and fast tempo songs. Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of Larry "Ler" LaLonde (born Reid Lawrence LaLonde on September 12, 1968 in Oakland California) is a Guitarist who currently plays in Leslie Edward "Les" Claypool (born September 29, 1963 in Richmond, California, U

Many veteran thrash metal bands began changing to more accessible, radio-friendly styles^[18]. In 1991, Metallica released their self-titled album, which saw record album sales for the band. Metallica (also known as The Black Album) is the self-titled 5th studio Album by the American heavy metal band Later in the decade, the band released Load (1996), and ReLoad (1997), which both displayed minor blues and southern rock influences. Load is the sixth studio Album by American heavy metal band Metallica, released June 4 1996. RELOAD is a JISC -funded project developing tools to facilitate the use of emerging Learning Technology Interoperability specifications such as those produced by ADL The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Southern rock is a subgenre of Rock music. It developed in the Southern United States from Rock and roll, Country music, and Blues

Megadeth and Anthrax also changed their sound during the 1990s for varying reasons. Megadeth took a more accessible route with their 1992 album Countdown To Extinction. Countdown to Extinction is the fifth Studio album by American heavy metal band Megadeth, released in 1992 Anthrax split with frontman Joey Belladonna and recruited Armored Saint singer John Bush whose vocals style was different from that of their previous vocalist. Joey Belladonna (born Joseph Bellardini on October 13, 1960 in Oswego New York) is a heavy metal singer and drummer best known as former Armored Saint is a Los Angeles, United States based heavy metal band The first release from the new line-up was the 1993 album Sound of White Noise. Sound of White Noise is the sixth studio album by American heavy metal band Anthrax, released in May of 1993 on Elektra Records

Testament released the mainstream and melodic The Ritual in 1992 before switching to a more death metal oriented sound that would follow throughout the 1990s. The Ritual is the fifth album released by Testament in 1992 It is the last to feature drummer Louie Clemente It was also the guitarist Alex Skolnick Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It typically employs fast tempos heavily distorted guitars deep growling vocals morbid lyrics Annihilator switched to a more commercial style on Set the World on Fire and King of the Kill before returning to a more thrash-oriented style. Set the World on Fire is a single CD by the band Annihilator, released in 1993 (see 1993 in music) King of the Kill is the fourth album by heavy metal band Annihilator. Kreator began experimenting with industrial metal and goth starting with Renewal. Industrial metal is a Musical genre that draws from Industrial music and heavy metal. This article is about the musical style of gothic rock For the goth scene in general see Goth subculture. Renewal is the sixth album by the German Thrash metal band Kreator released in 1992 Some bands, such as Slayer, did not adopt a more mainstream approach. Slayer's album Divine Intervention has a classic thrash sound. For other meanings of Divine Intervention see Divine Intervention Divine Intervention is the sixth Studio album by American

Members of Sepultura, Annihilator, and many others performed on RoadRunner's United album in 2005-06. The first release of its kind combined vintage thrash talents with newer metal musicians who incorporate thrash styles. There has recently been older thrash metal bands that have reunited and put out new albums including Nuclear Assault who has just recently released their new album Third World Genocide. Third World Genocide is an album by Nuclear Assault released in 2005 Recently the original line-up of the band Testament reunited and toured, there was also a live album and video released with the classic line-up playing called Live In London. They released a new album called "The Formation of Damnation" on April 29, 2008. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

Recent trends

Recently thrash (along with many genres of extreme metal previously considered dead by the mainstream media, but well alive to the underground metal scene) has seen a certain degree of resurgence of popularity, including (but not limited to) the younger audience of Generation Y. Extreme metal is an Umbrella term, somewhat loosely defined for a number of related heavy metal subgenres that have developed since the 1980s Generation Y, sometimes referred to as " Millennials " or " Echo Boomers " is a cohort of individuals born in possible starting years This is perhaps due in part to an increase in exposure to many forms of metal and classic rock, thanks to the publicity spotlighted on it by such mediums as internet radio, satellite radio, cable networks like VH1, MTV, and cover songs by newer bands of older metal classics. Classic rock was originally conceived as a Radio station programming format which evolved from the Album oriented rock (AOR format in the early-1980s Internet radio (also known as web radio, net radio, streaming radio and e-radio) is an audio Broadcasting service transmitted via A satellite radio or subscription radio (SR is a Digital radio signal that is broadcast by a Communications satellite, which covers a much wider geographical VH1 (known as VH-1 Video Hits One from 1985 to 1994 and VH1 Music First until 2003) is an American Cable television MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City.

Older thrash bands have continued to put out material, such as Sodom's self-titled album (2006), Megadeth's United Abominations (2007), Slayer's God Hates Us All (2001) and Christ Illusion (2006), Kreator's Enemy of God (2005), Exodus' The Atrocity Exhibition...Exhibit A (2007), Overkill's Immortalis (2007), Onslaught's Killing Peace (2007 and Testament's The Formation of Damnation (2008). Sodom are a German Thrash metal band from Gelsenkirchen, formed in 1982 Sodom is the self-titled album by German Thrash metal band Sodom released on 21 April 2006. Megadeth is an American heavy metal band led by founder front man guitarist and songwriter Dave Mustaine. United Abominations is the eleventh Studio album by the American heavy metal band Megadeth. Slayer is an American Thrash metal band founded by Guitarists Jeff Hanneman and Kerry King in God Hates Us All is the eighth studio album by the American Thrash metal band Slayer. Christ Illusion is the ninth studio album by the American Thrash metal band Slayer. Kreator are a German Thrash metal band from Essen Germany. They started their career in 1982 under the name Tormentor Exodus is an American Thrash metal band formed in 1980 in San Francisco, California by guitarist Gary Holt, current Metallica The Atrocity ExhibitionExhibit A is the eighth studio album by Thrash metal band Exodus, released on October 23 2007 Overkill is an American Thrash metalband formed in 1980 in New Jersey. Immortalis is the latest album by New Jersey Thrash metal band Overkill. Onslaught are an English Thrash metal band from Bristol England. Killing Peace is the fourth studio album by British Thrash metal band Onslaught, the first since their reform in 2005 Testament is an American Thrash metal band from California. Testament has two Top 40 albums and one Top 50 album to its credit in the UK The Formation of Damnation is the ninth Studio album by Testament, which was released on April 29, 2008.

Many note that thrash metal is making a comeback due to the popularity of metalcore bands, many of which claim to be thrash metal bands though having very little in common with the genre. Metalcore is an umbrella term used to describe fusion genres that incorporate elements of the Hardcore punk and heavy metal genres This is very similar to the 1980s, when the genre was created to combat the rising movement of glam metal bands, many of which were thrown of major labels to be replaced by thrash metal bands, then their popularity faded and were ignored by labels all together. Glam metal (also known as pop metal) is a sub-genre of Heavy metal music that arose in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the United States. The same cycle (as some claim) is starting to repeat itself, with newer bands like Municipal Waste, Evile and Warbringer getting signed to larger labels such as Century Media Records and Earache Records. For the village in Azerbaijan see Əvilə. Evile are a Thrash metal band from Huddersfield, United Kingdom Warbringer is an American Thrash metal band The band formed in 2004 as Onslaught but changed their name after learning that a UK thrash metal band was already using the Bands such as Merciless Death, Avenger of Blood, Fueled By Fire, Dekapitator, Meltdown, Toxic Holocaust, Bonded By Blood, and Insinnerator are also releasing demos and albums that represent the style of old-school thrash metal, either releasing them themselves (Insinnerator, Devastator), or are being signed to more independent labels such as Heavy Artillery (Merciless Death, Avenger of Blood). Merciless Death is an American Thrash metal band from Canyon Country, California. Avenger of Blood is an American Thrash metal band based out of Las Vegas Nevada. Toxic Holocaust is a Thrash metal band originally from the Maryland area but now relocated to PortlandOregon For other uses of the phrase see Bonded by Blood (disambiguation Bonded by Blood is the debut Album by the California band Exodus Fueled By Fire, along with fellow thrashers Hatchet, have been signed to Metal Blade Records.

Regional scenes

Like many musical genres, thrash had its own regionally-based scenes, each of which had a slightly different sound. The four most well known of these scenes were:

Bay Area

Main article: Bay Area thrash metal

The Bay Area Thrash Scene tends to be the most progressive and technical of the three major thrash scenes with progressive influenced song structures. Bay Area thrash metal, or " Bay Area thrash," refers to a steady following of heavy metal bands in the 1980s who formed and gained international status in Bay Area thrash metal, or " Bay Area thrash," refers to a steady following of heavy metal bands in the 1980s who formed and gained international status in

East Coast (New York/New Jersey)

The East Coast bands tended to be more punk and hardcore influenced than West Coast bands, with more emphasis on aggression and speed than technicality (though in the case of bands like Toxik this was not the case). Hardcore punk (now usually referred to as simply hardcore) is a subgenre of Punk rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s Toxik is an American Thrash metal band from Peekskill, New York. Anthrax, Nuclear Assault, Overkill, Whiplash, Fantom Warior, as well as crossover acts S.O.D., M.O.D., Cro-Mags, and Agnostic Front were a few of the most prominent bands to come from the East Coast thrash scene. Whiplash was an American Thrash metal / Speed metal band The band was founded in 1984 in Passaic New Jersey by the three Tonys Tony Portaro Fantom Warior was an American Thrash metal band founded in 1984 in Union New Jersey. MOD ( Method of Destruction) is a Crossover thrash band from New York City, fronted by former Anthrax roadie and Stormtroopers Of The Cro-Mags were a Hardcore punk band from New York City. The band which had a strong Cult following, released many records their first two considered Agnostic Front is an American band that formed

Germany

Main article: Teutonic thrash metal

The last major thrash scene was the German thrash metal scene. Teutonic thrash metal is a form of Thrash metal music that originated during the 1980s in Germany The most successful bands from this scene were Kreator, Destruction, and Sodom, who all come from Germany. Kreator are a German Thrash metal band from Essen Germany. They started their career in 1982 under the name Tormentor Destruction are a German Thrash metal band from Lörrach, in southern Germany. Sodom are a German Thrash metal band from Gelsenkirchen, formed in 1982

Brazil

Main article: Brazilian thrash metal

Not one of the major thrash scenes, but a few famous bands have come out of Brazil like Sepultura and Sarcófago. Brazilian thrash metal is a form of Thrash metal music that originated during the 1980s in Brazil. Sepultura ( Portuguese: Grave) are a Brazilian heavy metal band from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, formed in 1984 Sarcófago (Portuguese for "sarcophagus" was a Brazilian Extreme metal band Bands from Brazil are influenced by the likes of Slayer and have a lot of death metal riffs.

Australia

Main article: Australian thrash metal

While distantly cut off from the main thrash scenes, Australia also has a fairly unique thrash metal scene. Australian thrash metal is a form of Thrash metal music that originated during the late 1980s In the year of 1988, Australia made its first stakes in the genre when Sydney band Mortal Sin and Melbourne band Hobbs' Angel of Death released their respective debut albums to a worldwide audience. Mortal sin, according to the beliefs of Roman Catholicism, and some Protestant denominations is a Sin that unless confessed and absolved (or at least Hobbs' Angel of Death are an Australian Thrash metal band that began in the late 1980s and continue to this day they are one of the earliest successful Australian These two bands would probably be the best known Australian thrash metal bands, alongside the more cult Slaughter Lord, and Armoured Angel. Today, most Australian thrash metal bands incorporate elements of black metal and death metal - such as Destroyer 666, Gospel of the Horns and Atomizer. Deströyer 666 is a Black metal band formed in 1994 by Guitarist K Gospel of the Horns is a Black metal band that was formed in 1993 by GuitaristShane Transvaal D (also of Deinonychus & Mark Howitzer .

Other Scenes

With the resurgence of thrash metal as a popular movement in extreme music, several new scenes have up. The British scene for example now consists of bands influenced mainly by traditional crossover and speed metal, and it's significance has grown with bands such as Evile, Gama Bomb, and SSS. For the village in Azerbaijan see Əvilə. Evile are a Thrash metal band from Huddersfield, United Kingdom Gama Bomb are an Irish Thrash metal band mainly based in the UK and Europe. Scandinavia has also become a breeding ground for thrashers very similar to the British scene with F. K. Ü. and Blood Tsunami. Blood Tsunami is a Norwegian Thrash metal band Biography Blood Tsunami formed in 2004 with Pete Evil Jay Riff Randall and Dor Amazon Thrash is also emerging in popularity in the New England area, thanks to Municipal Waste and Toxic Holocaust who appeal to the area's predominant punk rock and hardcore culture. Toxic Holocaust is a Thrash metal band originally from the Maryland area but now relocated to PortlandOregon This has influenced bands like Ramming Speed and Revocation, and a somewhat popular New Hampshire movement which began with C. In law revocation is a type of remedy for buyers when the buyer accepts a nonconforming good from the seller S. D. O and Screaming Feret Wreckords.

Crossover thrash

Thrash metal with even more punk elements than standard thrash is called crossover thrash or crossover for short ^[19]. Its overall sound is more punk-influenced than traditional thrash metal, while more metal sounding than traditional hardcore punk and thrashcore. Hardcore punk (now usually referred to as simply hardcore) is a subgenre of Punk rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s Thrashcore (also known as fastcore) is a fast tempo subgenre of Hardcore punk that emerged in the early 1980s Crossover is often more aggressive and faster than traditional punk. Early pioneers of the style include American bands Nuclear Assault, Dirty Rotten Imbeciles, Stormtroopers of Death,Corrosion of Conformity, Suicidal Tendencies, Cryptic Slaughter, SSD, DYS, Cro-Mags and Septic Death. Nuclear Assault is an American Thrash metal / crossover band formed in 1984. Dirty Rotten Imbeciles (also known as DRI) are a Crossover thrash band that formed in 1982 Corrosion of Conformity (also known as COC) is an American heavy metal band from Raleigh, North Carolina formed in 1982 Suicidal Tendencies (also known as ST or Suicidal) is an American Hardcore punk and heavy metal band Cryptic Slaughter was a Santa Monica California -based crossover thrash / Hardcore punk band SSD ( Society System Decontrol) were a Straight edge Hardcore punk (and later heavy metal) band from Boston. DYS was a Straight edge, Hardcore punk and heavy metal band from Boston Massachusetts, and part of the notorious " Boston Crew The Cro-Mags were a Hardcore punk band from New York City. The band which had a strong Cult following, released many records their first two considered Septic Death (Boise Idaho was a Hardcore punk band fronted by artist Brian " Pushead " Schroeder on vocals

Crossover incorporated slower paced thrash riffs mixed with breakdown riffs commonly used in hardcore and helped forge two derivatives, one known as groove metal (sometimes called post-thrash), and one known as metalcore. The former, groove metal, has more of a darker heavy metal aesthetic, including guitar solos, classical music influence, and blues roots from traditional metal, and staying close to its thrash metal roots, and the latter, metalcore, having more of a hardcore punk aesthetic, usually excluding guitar solos in favor of rhythmic guitars.

See also

• Speed metal
• Groove metal
• List of thrash metal bands
• Bay Area thrash metal
• Brazilian thrash metal
• Teutonic thrash metal

Further reading

• Dome, Malcolm. Speed metal is a sub-genre of Heavy metal music originating in the late 1970s and early 1980s that was the direct musical progenitor of Thrash metal. Groove metal, often associated with neo-thrash / post-thrash and power groove, is a term sometimes used to describe a derivative of Thrash This is a list of bands that have played thrash metal at some point during their career sorted by country of origin Bay Area thrash metal, or " Bay Area thrash," refers to a steady following of heavy metal bands in the 1980s who formed and gained international status in Brazilian thrash metal is a form of Thrash metal music that originated during the 1980s in Brazil. Teutonic thrash metal is a form of Thrash metal music that originated during the 1980s in Germany Malcolm Dome has been an English writer and journalist about metal since 1979 Thrash Metal. Omnibus Press, 1990. Omnibus Press is a British Publisher of Books primarily about Music. ISBN 0-7119-1790-6.

References

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