Thomas Nuttall (January 5, 1786 - September 10, 1859) was an English botanist and zoologist, who lived and worked in America from 1808 until 1841. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 1786 ( MDCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life Zoology (from Greek ζῷον, zoon, "animal" + λόγος, " Logos " "knowledge" is the branch of Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year For the game see 1841 (board game. Year 1841 ( MDCCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link
Nuttall was born in the village of Long Preston, near Settle in the West Riding of Yorkshire and spent some years as an apprentice printer in England. Settle is a small Market town within the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. Soon after going to the United States he met Professor Benjamin Smith Barton in Philadelphia. Benjamin Smith Barton ( February 10, 1766 - December 19, 1815) was an American Botanist and Physician. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Barton encouraged his strong interest in natural history.
The Genera of North American Plants
In 1810 he travelled to the Great Lakes and in 1811 travelled on the Astor Expedition led by William Price Hunt on behalf of John Jacob Astor up the Missouri River. The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Astor Expedition of 1810-1812 was the next overland expedition from St William or Wilson Price Hunt ( March 20, 1783 – April 13, 1842) was an early Pioneer of the Oregon Country in For other pages relating to Astor see John Jacob Astor (disambiguation John Jacob Astor (born Johann Jakob or Johann Jacob Astor) ( July Nuttall was accompanied by the English botanist John Bradbury, who was collecting plants on behalf of Liverpool botanical gardens. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary Nuttall and Bradbury left the party at the trading post with the Arikara Indians in South Dakota, and continued further upriver with Ramsay Crooks. South Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. Ramsay Crooks ( 2 January 1787 – 6 June 1859) immigrated to Canada from Scotland in 1803 and he worked in a Trading In August they returned to the Arikara post and joined Manuel Lisa's group on a return to St. Louis. Manuel Lisa ( September 8, 1772 - August 12, 1820) was a well known
Although Lewis and Clark had travelled this way previously, many of their specimens had been lost. Therefore the many of the plants collected by Nuttall on this trip were unknown to science. The imminent war between Britain and America caused him to return to London via New Orleans. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana In London he spent time organising his large plant collection and discussing his experiences with other scientists.
Manual of the Ornithology of the United States and of Canada
In 1815 he returned to America and after spending some more time collecting published The Genera of North American Plants in 1818. From 1818 to 1820 he travelled along the Arkansas and Red Rivers, returning to Philadelphia and publishing his Journal of Travels into the Arkansas Territory during the year 1819. In 1825 he became curator of the botanical gardens at Harvard University. He published his Manual of the Ornithology of the United States and of Canada (1832 and 1834).
In 1834 he resigned his post and set off west again on an expedition led by Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth, this time accompanied by the naturalist John Kirk Townsend. Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth ( January 29, 1802 – August 31, 1856) was an American inventor ice harvester and explorer and trader John Kirk Townsend ( October 10, 1809 &ndash February 6, 1851) was an American naturalist, Ornithologist and They travelled through Kansas, Wyoming and Utah, and then down the Snake River to the Columbia. Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " The State of Wyoming ( is a sparsely populated state in the western region of the United States. The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. Nuttall then sailed across the Pacific Ocean to the Hawaiian Islands in December. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The Hawaiian Islands, once known as the Sandwich Islands, form an Archipelago of 19 Islands and Atolls numerous smaller He returned in the spring of 1835 and spent the year botanizing in the Pacific Northwest, an area already covered by David Douglas. David Douglas ( June 25, 1799 &ndash July 12, 1834) was a Scottish Botanist. On his return trip he stopped off in San Diego, where he met Richard Henry Dana, Jr.. Richard Henry Dana Jr ( August 1, 1815 - January 6, 1882) was an American Lawyer and Politician, and author The character of 'old curious' in Dana's book Two Years Before the Mast is based on Nuttall.
From 1836 until 1841 Nuttall worked at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. The Academy of Natural Sciences is the oldest Natural science research institution and museum in the United States During this time he made contributions to the Flora of North America being prepared by Asa Gray and John Torrey. Asa Gray ( November 18, 1810 - January 30, 1888) is considered the most important American botanist of the 19th century John Torrey ( August 15, 1796 &ndash March 10, 1873) was an American botanist. The death of his uncle then required Nuttall to return to England. By terms of his uncle's will, to inherit the property, Nuttall had to remain in England for nine months of each year. His North American Sylva: Trees not described by F. A. Michaux, which was the first book to include all the trees of North America, was finished just before he left the US in December, 1841. François André Michaux (1770-1855 was a French botanist, son of André Michaux. He died in St Helens, Lancashire and is buried in Christ Church in the nearby village of Eccleston, Merseyside
Various plants and birds were named after Nuttall, including Nuttall's Woodpecker Picoides nuttallii by his friend William Gambel, and Yellow-billed Magpie Pica nuttalli and Common Poorwill Phalaenoptilus nuttallii by John James Audubon. St Helens ( is a large town in Merseyside, England It is the largest settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens with a population of just over 100000 Eccleston is a Civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens, Merseyside. Nuttall's Woodpecker, Picoides nuttallii, is a species of Woodpecker named after naturalist Thomas Nuttall. William Gambel ( 1823 - December 13, 1849) was an American naturalist and collector The Yellow-billed Magpie, Pica nuttalli, is a large bird in the crow family found only in California. The Common Poorwill, Phalaenoptilus nuttallii, is a nocturnal Bird of the family Caprimulgidae the Nightjars It is found from British Columbia John James Audubon ( April 26 1785 – January 27 1851) was an American ornithologist, naturalist, hunter He is also commemorated in the Pacific Dogwood Cornus nuttallii, Nuttall's oak Quercus texana and the Catclaw briar Mimosa nuttallii. The Pacific Dogwood, Cornus nuttallii (syn Benthamidia nuttallii) is a species of Dogwood native to western North America from lowlands The Catclaw Brier ( Mimosa nuttallii) also known as the Sensitive Brier, is a herbaceous perennial Legume in the subfamily Mimosoideae
References
- Graustein, Jeannette E. 1967. Thomas Nuttall, Naturalist: Explorations in America, 1808-1841. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA
- Richard and Barbara Mearns - Audubon to Xantus ISBN 0-12-487423-1
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