| Thomas Brisbane | |
 Major General Sir Thomas Brisbane, Governor of New South Wales
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| Born | July 23, 1773 Largs , Ayrshire, Scotland |
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| Died | January 27, 1860 Largs |
| Fields | astronomy |
Major-General Sir Thomas Makdougall Brisbane, 1st Baronet, GCH, GCB (July 23, 1773 – January 27, 1860), soldier, colonial Governor and astronomer. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1773 ( MDCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Largs is a Town on the Firth of Clyde in North Ayrshire, Scotland, about 33 miles (53 km from Glasgow. Ayrshire (Siorrachd Inbhir Àir ʃir̴əxg̊ iɲiɾʲˈaːɾʲ is a Registration county, and former administrative county in south-west Scotland, Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Largs is a Town on the Firth of Clyde in North Ayrshire, Scotland, about 33 miles (53 km from Glasgow. Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study The Royal Guelphic Order, sometimes also referred to as the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, was a British or rather Hanoverian order of chivalry instituted on 28 April The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British Order of chivalry founded by George Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1773 ( MDCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting
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Early life
Brisbane was born at Brisbane House, near Largs in Ayrshire, Scotland, the son of Sir Thomas Brisbane and Dame Eleanora Brisbane. Largs is a Town on the Firth of Clyde in North Ayrshire, Scotland, about 33 miles (53 km from Glasgow. Ayrshire (Siorrachd Inbhir Àir ʃir̴əxg̊ iɲiɾʲˈaːɾʲ is a Registration county, and former administrative county in south-west Scotland, Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. He was educated in astronomy and mathematics at the University of Edinburgh. The University of Edinburgh (Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann founded in 1582 is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. He joined the British Army in 1789 or 1793 and had a distinguished career in Flanders, the West Indies, Spain and North America. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. He served under the Duke of Wellington. Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, KP, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS ( c In 1813 he was promoted to Major-General, and went in command of a brigade to the United States in 1814. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries A brigade is a Military unit Echelon: is The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In November 1819 he married Anna Maria Makdougall.
Governor
In 1821, on the recommendation of Wellington, Brisbane was appointed Governor of New South Wales, a post he held until 1825. The Governor of New South Wales is the representative in the Australian state of New South Wales of Australia's monarch, Elizabeth II, While Governor he tackled the many problems of a rapidly growing and expanding colony. He worked to improve the land grants system and to reform the currency. He set up the first agricultural training college in New South Wales and was the first patron of the New South Wales Agricultural Society. He conducted experiments in growing tobacco, cotton, coffee and New Zealand flax in the colony. New Zealand flax describes common New Zealand perennial plants Phormium tenax and Phormium cookianum, known by the Māori names harakeke
Brisbane took over the government on 1 December 1821, and at once proceeded to carry out some of the reforms recommended in the report of John Thomas Bigge. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year John Thomas Bigge ( 8 March 1780 – 22 December 1843) was an English judge and royal commissioner Brisbane did not always receive loyal support from his administrative officers, and in particular from Frederick Goulburn, the colonial secretary. A reference to Brisbane's dispatch to Earl Bathurst dated 14 May 1825 shows that Bigge's recommendations had been carefully considered, and that many improvements had been made[1]. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Brisbane did not limit his attention to Bigge's report. Early in April 1822 he discovered with some surprise the ease with which grants of land had hitherto been obtained. He immediately introduced a new system under which every grant had the stipulation that for every hundred acres granted the grantee would maintain free of expense to the crown one convict labourer. He also encouraged agriculture on government land, streamlined granting of tickets of leave and pardons and introduced, in 1823, a system of calling for supplies by tender. When Dr. Robert Wardell and William Wentworth brought out their paper the Australian in 1824, Brisbane tried the experiment of allowing full latitude of the freedom of the press. Robert Wardell (1793 – 7 September 1834) was an English -born Australian Barrister and newspaper editor William Charles Wentworth (13 August 1790 – 20 March 1872 was an Australian poet explorer journalist and politician and one of the leading figures of early colonial New South
In 1823 Brisbane sent Lieutenant John Oxley to find a new site for convicts who were repeat offenders. This article is about the person For the Australian pilot ship see John Oxley (ship. Oxley discovered a large river flowing into Moreton Bay. Moreton Bay is a large bay on the eastern coast of Australia 19 km from Brisbane, Queensland. A year later, the first convicts arrived at Moreton Bay. Brisbane visited the settlement in 1826. Oxley suggested that both the river and the settlement be named after Brisbane. The Brisbane River is situated in southeast Queensland, Australia, and flows through the city of Brisbane, before emptying into Moreton Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland The convict settlement was declared a town in 1834 and opened to free settlement in 1839.
Brisbane was doing useful work, but he could not escape the effects of the constant faction fights which also plagued previous governors. Henry G. Douglass, the assistant-surgeon, was the centre of one of the bitter conflicts. Consequently, charges of various kinds against Brisbane were sent to England. The worst of these, that he had connived at sending female convicts to Emu Plains for immoral purposes, was investigated by William Stewart, the lieutenant-governor, John Stephen, assistant judge, and the [Rev. William Cowper, senior assistant-chaplain, and found to be without the slightest foundation. Brisbane discovered that Goulburn, the colonial secretary, had been withholding documents from him and answering some without reference to the governor, and in 1824 reported his conduct to Earl Henry Bathurst. Henry Bathurst 3rd Earl Bathurst ( 22 May 1762 &ndash 27 July 1834) was the elder son of the second earl. In reply, Bathurst recalled both the governor and the colonial secretary in dispatches dated 29 December 1824. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year
Later years
Brisbane left Sydney in December 1825 and returned to Scotland. In 1826 he added the name of Makdougall before Brisbane, and settled down to the life of a country gentleman and took interest in science, his estate, and his regiment. He was elected president of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1832) in succession to Sir Walter Scott, and in 1836 he was created a baronet. The Royal Society of Edinburgh is Scotland 's National academy of science and letters Sir Walter Scott 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 &ndash 21 September 1832 was a prolific Scottish Historical novelist and Poet popular throughout A baronet (traditional abbreviation Bart, modern abbreviation Bt) or the rare female equivalent a baronetess (abbreviation Btss) is the holder In the same year he was offered the command of the troops stationed in Canada and two years later the chief command in India, but declined both. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country He continued his astronomical researches, and did valuable work.
He was the first patron of science in Australia, and as such was eulogized by Sir John Herschel when he presented Brisbane with the gold medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1828. Sir John Frederick William Herschel 1st Baronet KH, FRS ( March 7, 1792 &ndash May 11, 1871)was an The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS is a Learned society that began as the Astronomical Society of London in 1820 to support astronomical research Oxford and Cambridge gave him the honorary degree of D. The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the C. L. , and he was elected a fellow of the Royal Societies of both London and Edinburgh. The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 The Royal Society of Edinburgh is Scotland 's National academy of science and letters He was created KCB in 1814 and GCB in 1837. The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British Order of chivalry founded by George The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British Order of chivalry founded by George
Brisbane was a keen astronomer throughout his career. He had an observatory built at his ancestral home in 1808. An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial and/or celestial events From this observatory he was able to contribute to the advances in navigation which took place over the next hundred years. He took all his instruments and two astronomical assistants, Carl Ludwig Christian Rümker and James Dunlop to New South Wales with him, first properly equipped Australian observatory at Parramatta. Carl Ludwig Christian Rümker ( 28 May 1788 – 21 December 1862) was a German Astronomer. James Dunlop ( 31 October 1793 – 22 September 1848) was an Astronomer assistant hired by Sir Thomas Brisbane at his private Parramatta (ˈpærɑːmætɑː is a suburb in the west of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. While waiting for Macquarie to complete his final arrangements, interested himself in making astronomical observations. In 1822 he established an observatory at Parramatta west of Sydney. Parramatta (ˈpærɑːmætɑː is a suburb in the west of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 In 1828 he won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society. The Gold Medal is the highest award of the Royal Astronomical Society. He published The Brisbane Catalogue of 7,385 stars of the Southern Hemisphere in 1835. Southern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is South of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' The Observatory was used until 1855.
When Brisbane returned to Scotland he continued his studies and built a further observatory on his wife's estate, Makerstoun, near Kelso in the Borders. Kelso (known locally as Kelsae) is a market town in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, located where the rivers Tweed and Teviot The Scottish Borders, often referred to simply as the Borders, is one of 32 local government council areas of Scotland. He was a member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and received their Keith Prize in 1848. The Royal Society of Edinburgh is Scotland 's National academy of science and letters The Keith Medal is a Prize awarded by the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland 's National academy, for a Scientific paper published He was elected president in 1833 after the death of Sir Walter Scott, and in the following year acted as president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Sir Walter Scott 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 &ndash 21 September 1832 was a prolific Scottish Historical novelist and Poet popular throughout He founded a gold medal for the encouragement of scientific research to be awarded by the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Brisbane died much respected and honoured on 27 January 1860 in Largs. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Largs is a Town on the Firth of Clyde in North Ayrshire, Scotland, about 33 miles (53 km from Glasgow. His four children predeceased him. He is buried in the Brisbane Vault, which is in the small kirkyard next to Skelmorlie Aisle, Largs Old Kirk. A churchyard is a patch of land adjoining or surrounding a church which is usually owned by the relevant church or local Parish itself
Named after Thomas Brisbane
The following features are named for Thomas Brisbane:
- The Brisbane River and the city of Brisbane in Australia, the Queensland state capital. The Brisbane River is situated in southeast Queensland, Australia, and flows through the city of Brisbane, before emptying into Moreton Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent
- The Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium (in Brisbane, Australia). The Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium is a Planetarium located on the grounds of Brisbane Botanic Gardens in the suburb of Toowong, Brisbane Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.
- The Brisbane crater on the Moon. Brisbane is a lunar crater that is located in the southeastern part of the Moon, to the south of the crater Peirescius.
- The city of Brisbane, California was named after Brisbane Queensland. Brisbane is a small city located in the northern part of San Mateo County California on the lower slopes of San Bruno Mountain.
- Brisbane Glen, Largs
- Brisbane Street, Greenock
References
- ^ (Historical Records of Australia, vol. Largs is a Town on the Firth of Clyde in North Ayrshire, Scotland, about 33 miles (53 km from Glasgow. Greenock ( Gaelic Grianaig g̊ɾʲiənɛg̊ʲ is a large town and former Burgh of barony in the Inverclyde Council area of western XI, pp. 571–88)
- J. D. Heydon, 'Brisbane, Sir Thomas Makdougall (1773 - 1860)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 1, MUP, 1966, pp 151-155. The Australian Dictionary of Biography (ADB or AuDB is a multi-volume project published by Melbourne University Press. Melbourne University Publishing (MUP is the book publishing arm of the University of Melbourne ( Australia)
- Serle, Percival (1949). "Brisbane, Sir Thomas Makdougall". Dictionary of Australian Biography. The Dictionary of Australian Biography, published in 1949, is a reference work by Percival Serle containing information on notable people associated with Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
| Government offices | ||
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| Preceded by Lachlan Macquarie |
Governor of New South Wales 1821–1825 |
Succeeded by Ralph Darling |
| Baronetage of the United Kingdom | ||
| Preceded by New Creation |
Baronet (of Brisbane, Ayrshire) 1836–1860 |
Succeeded by Extinct |
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