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Third Position is the name applied to a nationalist political strand that seeks to emphasise its opposition to both communism and capitalism. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions National-Anarchism is a syncretic political current that developed in the 1990s out of an attempt by former Third Positionists to reconcile Anarchism National Bolshevism is a political movement that claims to combine elements of Nationalism and Bolshevism. Strasserism refers to the strand of Nazism and Neo-Nazism that called for a more radical mass-action and worker-based form of fascism particularly hostile to For another party by the name "England First" see England First Party. The Official National Front was the leading movement within the British National Front during the 1980s and stood opposed to the Flag Group. The Parti communautaire national-européen (PCN is a Belgium -based political organisation led by Luc Michel, a former member of the Neo-Nazi FANE National Bolshevik Front has been used as a name for three separate strands of National Bolshevism. The National Bolshevik Party (Majority (Национал-большевистская партия НБП (also known as Nazbol) is a Russian Political party For the Dutch fascist group see Black Front (Netherlands. The Black Front (formally known as the Union of Revolutionary National Socialists The Parti Communautaire Européen (PCE was a pan-European nationalist Political party based in Belgium that had a platform similar to National Bolshevism As there were many different manifestations of Fascism, especially during the interwar years there were also many different symbols of Fascist movements. Holocaust denial is the claim that the Genocide of Jews during World War II —usually referred to as The Holocaust —did not occur in the This page specifically pertains to fascism after World War II Political Soldier is a Political concept associated with the Third Position that played a leading role in Britain's National Front from the late 1970s onwards Strasserism refers to the strand of Nazism and Neo-Nazism that called for a more radical mass-action and worker-based form of fascism particularly hostile to White nationalism is a political Ideology which advocates a racial definition (or redefinition of national identity for White people, in opposition to White supremacy is a racist ideology based on the assertion that White people are superior to other racial groups. The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where The name 'Third Position' is derived from the school of thought presenting itself as being "beyond Capitalism and Communism" and "neither Left nor Right. Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based In Politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are positions that uphold traditional values and/or authorities " The movement uses symbols such as the Celtic cross and the Wolfsangel. A Celtic cross is a symbol that combines a Cross with a ring surrounding the intersection
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Development
Italy
The Third Position was developed by Roberto Fiore, along with Gabriele Adinolfi and Peppe Di Mitri, in the tradition of Italian Neo-Fascism. Roberto Fiore (born April 15 1959 in Rome) has been a leading Neo-fascist in the post-war era both in Italy and across Europe Gabriele Adinolfi ( Rome, January 3 1954) is an Italian Far right ideologue and essayist Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest This page specifically pertains to fascism after World War II Third Position’s ideology is characterized by a militarist formulation, an extreme nationalism looking favourably to national liberation movements, support for racial separatism and the adherence to a 'soldier style of life'. The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation Wars of national liberation are conflicts fought by indigenous military groups against an imperial power in the name of Self-determination, thus attempting Racialism is an emphasis on race or racial considerations Racialism entails a belief in the existence and significance of racial categories but not necessarily in a
In order to construct a cultural background for the ideology, Fiore looked to the ruralism of Julius Evola and sought to combine it with the desire for a cultural-spiritual revolution and the creation of a omul nou (new man) as called for by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu. Julius Evola, also known as Baron Giulio Cesare Evola, ( May 19, 1898 &ndash June 11, 1974) was an Italian Philosopher He also adopted some of the positions of the contemporary far right, notably the ethnopluralism of Alain de Benoist and the Europe-wide appeal associated with such views as the Europe a Nation campaign of Oswald Mosley (amongst others). Ethnopluralism is a view of race that has become increasingly common in modern Far right politics Alain de Benoist (born 11 December 1943) is a French academic philosopher a founder of the Nouvelle Droite (New Right and head Europe a Nation was a policy developed by British politician Oswald Mosley as the cornerstone of his Union Movement. Sir Oswald Ernald Mosley 6th Baronet (16 November 1896 &ndash 3 December 1980 was a British Politician, known principally as the founder of the British Fiore joined with others to set up the Terza Posizione movement in 1979 to campaign on this ideological position. The Terza Posizione (Ital Third Position) was a Far right group founded in Rome in 1978 (but already present with the name of Lotta Studentesca Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar)
UK
Fiore's exile in the United Kingdom during the 1980s saw the export of Third Position to the UK where it was taken up by a group of neo-fascists including Patrick Harrington and Derek Holland who soon became known as the Official National Front. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. Patrick "Pat" Harrington (born 24 May 1964 is one of four members of the National Executive of the National Liberal Party - and a Director of the Third Way (UK think-tank Derek Holland is a figure on the European Far-right noted for his Catholic Fundamentalism. The Official National Front was the leading movement within the British National Front during the 1980s and stood opposed to the Flag Group. Continuing to develop the Third Position stance, they called for the creation of Political Soldiers who would be devoted to nationalism and racial separatism, also helping to clarify the economic stance of the Third Position by drawing from the early 20th Century Distributists, Social Creditors, Guild Socialists and other "radical patriots". Political Soldier is a Political concept associated with the Third Position that played a leading role in Britain's National Front from the late 1970s onwards The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation Distributism, also known as distributionism and distributivism, is a third-way economic philosophy formulated by such Roman Catholic Social Credit is a socio-economic Philosophy wherein Consumers fully provided with adequate Purchasing power, establish the policy of production Guild socialism is a political movement advocating workers' control of industry through the medium of trade-related Guilds. Within the UK the ideology was less overtly Catholic than in Italy although Catholic social teaching remained an important aspect. Catholic social teaching encompasses aspects of Catholic doctrine relating to matters dealing with the collective welfare of humanity
France
Third Position ideology gained some support in France where, in 1985, Jean-Gilles Malliarakis set up Troisième voie along similar lines. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions What constitutes a definition of Fascism and fascist Governments is a highly disputed subject that has proved complicated and contentious The term neo-Nazism refers to post- World War II Political movements Social movements and ideologies seeking to revive Nazism, White nationalism is a political Ideology which advocates a racial definition (or redefinition of national identity for White people, in opposition to White supremacy is a racist ideology based on the assertion that White people are superior to other racial groups. Clerical fascism is an ideological construct that combines the political and economic doctrines of Fascism with Theology or religious tradition Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Strasserism refers to the strand of Nazism and Neo-Nazism that called for a more radical mass-action and worker-based form of fascism particularly hostile to The American Nazi Party was an organization formed with the goal of reviving Nazism, this time in the United States of America. Aryan Nation (AN is a White Nationalist Neo-Nazi organization which was founded in the 1970s by Richard Girnt Butler as an arm of the Christian Identity The British Movement ( BM) was a British neo-Nazi political party founded by Colin Jordan in 1968 The British National Front (most commonly called the National Front, and often known as the NF) is a British Political party whose major political The British National Party (BNP is a Far-right and whites only political party in the United Kingdom. The Creativity Movement was a term originally coined by Ben Klassen as a descriptive phrase encompassing all adherents of the religion known as Creativity, whether The Deutsche Reichspartei ( German Reich Party, German Imperial Party or German Empire Party) was a Nationalist Political party New Force ( Forza Nuova, FN is an Italian Far right political party often described as neo-fascist. The Tricolour Flame Social Movement, normally just Tricolour Flame ( Movimento Sociale Fiamma Tricolore, MS-FT is a neo-fascist Italian political Chrysi Avyi (in Greek characters: Χρυσή Αυγή; English translation: Golden Dawn) is a Greek Nationalist political organization in For another party by the name "England First" see England First Party. The Italian Social Movement, later Italian Social Movement–National Right ( Movimento Sociale Italiano–Destra Nazionale, MSI-DN was a neo-fascist The National Alliance is a White nationalist and White separatist Radical political organization The National Democratic Party of Germany (Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands NPD is a German pan-German nationalist and White nationalist political National Renaissance Party was an American Neo-fascist group led by James Hartung Madole. The National Social Front ( Fronte Sociale Nazionale, FSN is an Italian Far right political party The National Socialist Front (Nationalsocialistisk front NSF) is the largest Neo-Nazi Political party in Sweden. The National Socialist Japanese Workers and Welfare Party is a Japanese Political party that campaigns on a platform of National Socialism. This article refers to the American National Socialist Movement; for other organizations see National Socialist Movement. The National Socialist Party of America was an extremist Chicago -based organization founded in 1970 by Frank Collin shortly after he left the National Noua Dreaptă (New Right is an ultra- nationalist organization in Romania, founded in 2000. The November 9th Society ( N9S) is a British neo-Nazi group formed in 1977 by Terry Flynn The Official National Front was the leading movement within the British National Front during the 1980s and stood opposed to the Flag Group. Russian National Unity (RNU "Russkoye Natsionalnoye Edinstvo" (Всероссийское общественное патриотическое движение "Русское Social Action ( Azione Sociale, AS previously known as Freedom of Action ( Libertà d'Azione, LdA is a national-conservative political Socialist Reich Party of Germany ( German: Sozialistische Reichspartei Deutschlands) was a West German political party founded in the aftermath of the SUMKA is an Iranian Neo-Nazi party (otherwise known as Hezb-e Sosialist-e Melli-ye Kargaran-e Iran, Iran National-Socialist Workers Party The Union Movement was a Political party founded in Britain by Oswald Mosley. The World Union of National Socialists was an organisation founded in 1962 as an umbrella group for Neo-Nazi organisations across the globe There are numerous debates concerning fascism and ideology. The position of fascism on the political spectrum is a point of contention A Nazi punk is a neo-Nazi who is part of the Punk subculture. White power skinheads are a racist, and often also anti-semitic, offshoot of the Skinhead Subculture that originated in Great Britain Neo-fascism and religion refers to debates about the relationships between Neo-fascism and various Religions Some scholars using the term neo-fascism The term neo-Nazism refers to post- World War II Political movements Social movements and ideologies seeking to revive Nazism, Political Soldier is a Political concept associated with the Third Position that played a leading role in Britain's National Front from the late 1970s onwards The Roman salute is a gesture in which the arm is held out forward straight with palm down This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Third Way ( French: Troisième voie) a French Third Position organisation founded in 1985 by a merger of the small neo-fascist Taking the United States, communism and Zionism as its three main enemies, the group advocated radical paths to national revolution. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the Associated for a time with the Groupe Union Défense, TV was nonetheless on generally poor terms with Front National until 1991 when Malliarakis decided to approach them. Groupe Union Droit or Groupe Union Défense or Groupe Unité Défense, better known as GUD, is the name of a succession of violent French The National Front ( FN, Front national is a French Far right, Nationalist Political party, founded in 1972 by Jean-Marie As a result TV fell apart, although a radical splinter group under Christian Bouchet, Nouvelle Résistance, continued to be informed by Third Positionist thinking. Christian Bouchet (born January 17, 1955 in Angers) is a French Far right journalist and politician Nouvelle Résistance (NR was a French far right group created in August 1991 by Christian Bouchet as an offshoot of Troisième Voie (Third Way
With the split of the National Front the Third Position stance in Britain was carried on by the Third Way and more notably the International Third Position. The British National Front (most commonly called the National Front, and often known as the NF) is a British Political party whose major political The National Liberal Party The Third Way is a British political party that was formed on 17 March 1990. For another party by the name "England First" see England First Party. As England First the ITP continue to organise on a small scale and have also produced a Third Position Handbook that details the aims of the Third Position movement. In Italy the Third Position is now represented by the New Force, led by Fiore whilst the European National Front has taken on a decidedly Third Positionist stance, advocating as it does both anti-capitalism and anti-communism. New Force can refer to three Far-right political parties ''Nytt afl'' in Iceland (historical ''Forza Nuova'' European National Front is a coordinating structure of European Far-right extremist Third Positionist, Anticommunist and Nationalist parties Anti-capitalism describes a wide variety of movements ideas and attitudes which oppose Capitalism. Anti-communism refers to opposition to Communism. Historically the word "communism" has been used to refer to several types of communal social organization and Elsewhere, the National Rebirth of Poland offer a strong commitment to Third Positionist politics in Eastern Europe. Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski (NOP ( National Rebirth of Poland) is a minor nationalist political party in Poland (reaching 0
Querfront ideology in Germany and Eastern Europe
Querfront (cross-front) was the name for the goals of the National Socialist Movement in Germany to cooperate with the far left during the Weimar Republic. Ultra-left|Radical left|Radicalism (historical|Hard left Far left and extreme left are terms used to discuss the position a group or person occupies within a Political spectrum The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933 On the left, the Communist social fascism strategy focused against the Social Democrats, resulting in a stalemate and temporary cooperations towards genuine fascist and extreme nationalist forces. Social fascism was a theory supported by the Communist International (Comintern during the late 1920s and early 1930s which stated that Social democracy was a variant The term is also used today for mutual infiltration or cooperation of left and right-wing groups.
Among other, Ernst Niekisch tried to combine communist and fascist forces to overthrow the existing order of the Weimar Republic. Ernst Niekisch ( May 23, 1889 &ndash May 27, 1967) was a prominent German exponent of National Bolshevism. He already called it National Bolshevism. National Bolshevism is a political movement that claims to combine elements of Nationalism and Bolshevism. Kurt von Schleicher, based on earlier attampts (see Strasserism) pursued a strategy of demerging the left wing of the NSDAP to split the whole National Socialist Movement and finally prevent Hitler's rise to power. Strasserism refers to the strand of Nazism and Neo-Nazism that called for a more radical mass-action and worker-based form of fascism particularly hostile to The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately His idea was a Querfront of left Nazis and the Trade Unions, but Schleicher's plan failed. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming
As the Nazi government crushed down far reaching Querfront attempts in the Night of the Long Knives, Querfront strategies in nowadays far right allow to distance oneselve from the Nazi regime while continuing right-wing credentials. The Night of the Long Knives (German) or " Operation Hummingbird " was a Purge that took place in Nazi Germany between June 30 and July
Querfront today means a close connection or similar approaches of left and right wing radicals. Anti-Americanism and Antizionism allowed attempts of right wing individuals to find common ground with parts of the Peace Movement and Antiglobalization Movements. Anti-Americanism, often anti-American sentiment, is opposition or hostility to the people culture or policies of the United States. Anti-Zionism is opposition to Zionism, an international political movement and ideology that supports a Homeland for the Jewish People in the land known A peace movement is a Social movement that seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular war (or all wars minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or " Anti-globalization " is a term that encompasses a number of related ideas Eastern Germany and especially Thuringia has a significant higher amount of Querfront activities and supporters. [1].
A similar mixture of extreme left and right positions seems to be more common in Eastern Europe, such as in Russia, where the parties Rodina, the National Bolshevik Party and the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia follow a similar course. Rodina or Motherland-National Patriotic Union ( Rodina - Narodno-Patrioticheskiy Soyuz, Партия "РОДИНА" is one of the four parties that control The National Bolshevik Party (Majority (Национал-большевистская партия НБП (also known as Nazbol) is a Russian Political party The Liberal Democratic Party of Russia ( Либерально-Демократическая Партия России,
Related concepts
- Neo-Fascism
- Neo-Nazism
- Racism
- Nationalism
- Ecofascism
- International Third Position
- National anarchism
- National Bolshevism
- Pan-European nationalism
- Strasserism
Bibliography
- L. This page specifically pertains to fascism after World War II The term neo-Nazism refers to post- World War II Political movements Social movements and ideologies seeking to revive Nazism, List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation Ecofascism, can be used in two different ways For specific elements of Radical environmentalism which are openly affiliated with Neo-fascism For another party by the name "England First" see England First Party. National-Anarchism is a syncretic political current that developed in the 1990s out of an attempt by former Third Positionists to reconcile Anarchism National Bolshevism is a political movement that claims to combine elements of Nationalism and Bolshevism. This article is about those who claim that Europe is or should be a single nation Strasserism refers to the strand of Nazism and Neo-Nazism that called for a more radical mass-action and worker-based form of fascism particularly hostile to Cheles, R. Ferguson, and M. Vaughan, Neo-Fascism in Europe, London: Longman, 1992
- Giorgio Cingolani, La destra in armi, Editori Riuniti, 1996 (in Italian).
- N. Copsey, Contemporary British Fascism: The British National Party and the Quest for Legitimacy, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004
- Gianni Flamini, L’ombra della piramide, Teti, 1989 (in Italian).
- ITP, The Third Position Handbook, London: Third Position, 1997
References
External links
- Political Soldier
- Final Conflict - a Third Position blog
- "Nationalist" - Polish Third Position web portal
- Beyond Left and Right - American Third Position site
- Racial Nationalism Beyond Left and Right
- Forza Nuova
- National Rebirth of Poland
- Racial Nationalism, the Third Position, and Ethnoviolence
- Outdated guide to Third Position on the web
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