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The Third Dáil, also known as the Provisional Parliament or the Constituent Assembly, was the parliament of the post-partition twenty-six county Irish state that met from 9 September 1922 to 9 August 1923. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Depending on whether one relied on British or Irish political theory, it was either

Both however were agreed that it was a "Constituent Assembly". After 6 December 1922, it served as the lower house of the Oireachtas (parliament) of the newly established Irish Free State. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev From 1922 to 1937 the Oireachtas was the Legislature, or parliament of the Irish Free State. TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A  parliament is a Legislature, especially in those The Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann (1922&ndash1937 was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by

The Third Dáil was elected under the terms of the Irish Free State (Agreement) Act, 1922 which was, in turn, enacted to give effect to the provisions of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty and pave the way for the establishment of the Irish Free State. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar The Anglo-Irish Treaty (An Conradh Angla-Éireannach officially called the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was a Treaty The Constitution of the Irish Free State provided, within its own articles, that it would not come into effect until it had been adopted by both the British Parliament and the Third Dáil, which it referred to as the "constituent assembly". The Constitution of the Irish Free State was the founding legal document of the 1922-1937 Irish Free State. The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories A constituent assembly is a body elected with the purpose of drafting and in some cases adopting a Constitution.

Contents

Confusion over status

Ireland since 1919 had been governed under two rival political theories. To nationalists and republicans, an assembly of Irish Members of Parliament (who adopted the equivalent Irish language term Teachta Dála or TD) had formed in Dublin in 1919 and was seen as the valid parliament of the Irish People from which the Irish Republic received its sovereignty. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. A Teachta Dála (ˈtʲaxtə ˈdɑːlə is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower chamber of the Oireachtas (Parliament of the Republic of Ireland. Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Irish Republic ( Irish: Poblacht na hÉireann or Saorstát Éireann) was a unilaterally declared independent state of Ireland proclaimed Each Dáil in turn was the successor of the earlier one and the legitimate parliament of the Irish Republic. The Second Dáil was chosen through an election in 1921 called by the British administration in Ireland, the elected republican members forming themselves into the Second Dáil rather than the Parliament of Southern Ireland they were elected to. Two elections in Ireland took place in 1921 as a result of the Government of Ireland Act 1920 to establish the House of Commons of Northern Ireland and The Parliament of Southern Ireland was set up during the Anglo-Irish War under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, evolving out of the Home Rule Act 1914

However according to British political theory the assembly of Irish MPs in Dublin did not constitute a valid parliament and was subsequently declared illegal. Under British theory, legal government remained vested in His Majesty's Government in Westminister, and its Irish executive, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland based in Dublin Castle. The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (Ard-Leifteanant na hÉireann ( Plural: Lords Lieutenant) also known as the Judiciar in the early Mediaeval period Dublin Castle (Caisleán Bhaile Átha Cliath off Dame Street, Dublin, Ireland, is a major Irish governmental complex formerly the fortified In 1920 the Government of Ireland Act, 1920 was enacted, which created two Irish parliaments; one for Northern Ireland in Belfast and one for Southern Ireland, which was called to assemble in Royal College of Science in Dublin. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar An Act to Provide for the Better Government of Ireland, more usually the Government of Ireland Act 1920, (and sometimes called the Fourth Home Rule Act) was an Act Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. Southern Ireland (Deisceart Éireann was the short lived autonomous region (or Constituent country) of the United Kingdom established on 3 May Government Buildings (Tithe an Rialtais is a large Edwardian Building enclosing a quadrangle on Merrion Street in Dublin, Ireland The uncontested elections in Southern Ireland produced the House of Commons of Southern Ireland, though when the new house was called to assemble, only four MPs turned up. The rest assembled as the illegal Second Dáil.

Two governments, two parliaments, one objective

Under the Treaty, procedures were set in place to merge the republican and British systems. Initially both remained separate to validate the Treaty from their own perspectives. So the Second Dáil and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland both voted separately to ratify the Treaty. Each house chose their own distinct but overlapping governments, with a government of the Irish Republic being chosen under President Arthur Griffith, while a Provisional Government under Michael Collins was chosen by the House of Commons of Southern Ireland. Arthur Griffith (Art Ó Gríobhtha 31 March 1872 &ndash 12 August 1922 was the founder and third leader of Sinn Féin. Michael John ("Mick" Collins (Mícheál Seán Ó Coileáin 16 October 1890 &ndash 22 August 1922 was an Irish revolutionary leader, Minister for In reality both governments effectively worked as a team. Then both governments dissolved both houses and called elections to a body that could be seen, depending on the political theory followed, as the successor of either or both houses.

Election of the Third Dáil/Provisional Parliament

Main article: Irish general election, 1922

The elections to the Third Dáil took place on 16 June 1922. The Irish general election of 1922 took place in Southern Ireland on 16 June 1922 under the provisions of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty to elect a constituent assembly Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. They occurred under the system of proportional representation by means of the Single Transferable Vote. Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes Single transferable vote (STV is a preferential Voting system designed to minimize Wasted votes and provide Proportional representation Unlike the Second Dáil, which was notionally elected by the whole island of Ireland, the Third Dáil would not include members elected from Northern Ireland. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Since the election of the Second Dáil in 1921, Sinn Féin, the only political party represented in the Dáil, had split into pro and anti-treaty factions and these two factions became the major contestants of the 1922 elections. Sinn Féin () is a political party in Ireland. The current party led by Gerry Adams was formed following a split in January 1970 Despite a pact between the two factions, the elections were therefore effectively a referendum on the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The pro-treaty side won a majority of seats and the anti-treaty faction boycotted the assembly, refusing to recognise the body as the legitimate heir to the Second Dáil, and the Civil War broke out shortly afterwards. The Second Dáil was Dáil Éireann as it convened from 16 August 1921 until 8 June 1922. The Irish Civil War ( June 28 1922 &ndash May 24 1923) pitted supporters of the Anglo-Irish Treaty against its opponents

Crown assembly or republican Dáil?

The issue of whether the new house, the Third Dáil/Provisional Parliament, was a republican parliament or crown assembly became an issue for some Anti-Treaty Irish republicans. Laurence Ginnell turned up in the assembly to demand an answer as to which category, crown or republic, it belonged to. Laurence Ginnell (1854 &ndash 17 April 1923 was an Irish nationalist politician lawyer and Member of Parliament (MP in the House of Even the Ceann Comhairle (the speaker) and the Lord Lieutenant seemed confused. The Ceann Comhairle (/kʲaːn̪ˠ ˈkoːrʎə/ Irish for "head of the council" is the speaker or chairperson of Dáil Éireann, the At one stage the Ceann Comhairle read out a message from the Lord Lieutenant to the assembly, even though, in theory, the assembly, if the lineal successor of the earlier Dála, should not have been accepting a message from the representative of the British king, while the Lord Lieutenant equally should not have been sending a message to the body if it were still the parliament of the Irish Republic.

The ambiguities and constitutional puzzles regarding the two governments previously chosen by the different parent assemblies of the current constituent assembly, was solved when the separate governments themselves were merged through the sudden death of President Griffith and the assassination of Chairman Collins within one week of each other. The two chief governmental offices, the President of the Republic1 and the Chairman of the Provisional Government (who was constitutionally a Minister of the Crown), came to be held by the one man, W. T. Cosgrave, producing a unique constitutional hybrid; a crown-empowered prime minister who was also president of a republic. President of the Republic was the title given to the head of the Irish ministry or Aireacht in August 1921 by an amendment to the Dáil Constitution, which replaced The Chairman of the Provisional Government of Southern Ireland was a transitional post established in January 1922 lasting until the creation of the Irish Free State Minister of the Crown is the formal constitutional term used in the Commonwealth realms to describe a minister to the reigning sovereign William Thomas Cosgrave (Liam Tomás Mac Cosgair 6 June 1880 &ndash 16 November 1965 known generally as W Amid all the confusion of the status of parliaments and prime ministerial titles, the ambiguous combination of monarchism and republicanism in Cosgrave's office was accepted by both political theories.

Enactment of the Constitution - two systems become one

The Third Dáil adopted the Constitution of the Irish Free State on October 25, 1922. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a The document was then enacted by the British Parliament and came into force on the December 6. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev The new constitution used the name Dáil Éireann for the lower house of a new parliament called the "Oireachtas". However it provided that until the first elections to this new lower house the "constituent assembly" would exercise "all the powers and authorities" conferred on the 'new' Dáil Éireann. The Third Dáil therefore functioned as a legislative lower house from December, 1922 until it was dissolved on August 9, 1923 to enable the Irish general election, 1923 to be held. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus The Irish general election of 1923 was held on 27 August 1923

The Fourth Dáil, the first Dáil Éireann of the Irish Free State, was convened one month later in September. In spite of the nomenclature preferred by nationalists, under British constitutional theory it was this first Free State Dáil that was the first legitimate Irish political institution to bear the name "Dáil Éireann".

Footnote

  1. To add to the confusion, Cosgrave, like Griffith, called himself President of Dáil Éireann. That title had actually been superseded by the title President of the Republic in August 1921 following a constitutional amendment. Though they used the earlier title the Dáil Constitution was never actually amended to replace the post-August 1921 title by the earlier version preferred by them. The Constitution of Dáil Éireann (Bunreacht Dála Éireann was the constitution of the 1919–22 Irish Republic.

See also

External links

Composition of the 3rd Dáil TDs by constituency The list of the 128 TDs elected is given in alphabetical order by constituency Dáil Éireann (English Assembly of Ireland) was the revolutionary unicameral parliament of the unilaterally declared Irish Republic Dáil Éireann served as the directly elected Lower house of the Oireachtas of the Irish Free State from 1922 to 1937 The history of Ireland begins with the first known settlement in Ireland around 8000 BC when Hunter-gatherers arrived from Great Britain and continental The Irish War of Independence (or Tan War, or Anglo-Irish War, Irish: Cogadh na Saoirse) from January 1919 to July 1921 was a guerrilla
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