Thessaloniki Θεσσαλονίκη
The White Tower of Thessaloniki was used as a prison during the era of the Ottoman Empire. The White Tower of Thessaloniki (Λευκός Πύργος Lefkos Pyrgos, Beyaz Kule is a monument and museum on the waterfront of the city of Thessaloniki, The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Today it is a museum and the landmark of the city.
Location
Coordinates	40°38′N 22°57′E / 40.633, 22.95Coordinates: 40°38′N 22°57′E / 40.633, 22.95
Time zone:	EET/EEST (UTC+2/3)
Elevation (min-max):	0 - 20 m (0 - 66 ft)
Government
Country:	Greece
Periphery:	Central Macedonia
Prefecture:	Thessaloniki
Districts:	16
Mayor:	Vassilios Papageorgopoulos  (ND) (since: January 1, 1999)
Population statistics (as of 2001[1])
City Proper
- Population:	363,987
- Area:[2]	17. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The peripheries ( Περιφέρειες) are the official regional Administrative divisions of Greece. Central Macedonia ( Greek: Περιφέρεια Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας Periféria Kentrikís Makedonías)is one of the thirteen peripheries Greece consists of 13 administrative regions known as Peripheries of Greece, which are further subdivided into 3 super-prefectures and 54 prefectures or nomes Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη is a Nomos ( Prefecture) in Greece, containing Thessaloniki, Lagana and the northern portion Districts are a type of Administrative division, in some countries managed by a Local government. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Vasilis Papageorgopoulos (Βασίλης Παπαγεωργόπουλος born June 27 1947 in Thessaloniki) is a retired Greek sprinter New Democracy ( ND, Greek: Νέα Δημοκρατία Néa Dimokratía) founded in 1974 is the main center-right political party in Greece New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 8 km² (7 sq mi)
- Density:	20,449 /km² (52,962 /sq mi)
Metropolitan
- Population:	1,057,825
- Area:	108. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central 088 km² (42 sq mi)
- Density:	9,787 /km² (25,347 /sq mi)
Codes
Postal:	53x xx, 54x xx, 55x xx, 56x xx
Area:	2310
Auto:	Ν
Website
www.thessalonikicity.gr

Thessaloniki (Greek: Θεσσαλονίκη, IPA: [θesaloˈnikʲi]) or Salonica is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of Macedonia, the nation's largest region. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The Greek Postal code system is is administered by ELTA (Ελληνικά Ταχυδρομεία Hellenic Post) This is a list of dialing codes in Greece. The first digit represents type of service Greek Vehicle registration plates are composed of three letters and four digits per plate (e Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly This is a list of the largest and second largest cities by population in each Country. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Macedonia ( Μακεδονία, Makedonía,) is a geographical and historical region of Greece in southeastern Europe The regions ( γεωγραφικά διαμερίσματα, lit It is the largest city in the wider geographical region of Macedonia, and also one of the largest cities in southeastern Europe. Macedonia is a Geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe whose area was re-defined in the early 20th century The Thessaloniki Urban Area extends around the Thermaic Gulf for approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) and comprises 16 municipalities. The Thessaloniki Urban Area consists of fourteen municipalities and two communities The Thermaic Gulf (Θερμαϊκός Κόλπος is a gulf of the Aegean Sea located immediately south of Thessaloniki, east of Pieria and Imathia According to the 2001 census, the municipality of Thessaloniki had a population of 363,987, while the metropolitan population approximates one million inhabitants.

Thessaloniki is Greece's second major economic, industrial, commercial and political centre, and a major transportation hub for the rest of southeastern Europe; its commercial port is also of great importance for Greece and its southeast European hinterland. It is traditional for the country's Prime Minister to set out his government's policies for each coming year in a speech at the annual Thessaloniki International Trade Fair. The Prime Minister of Greece ( Πρωθυπουργός της Ελλάδος) is the Head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of

Thessaloniki retains several Ottoman and Jewish structures as well as a large number of Byzantine architectural monuments. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural Byzantine architecture is the Architecture of the Byzantine Empire. The city hosts an annual International Trade Fair, the Thessaloniki International Film Festival, and the largest bi-annual meeting of the Greek diaspora. The International Thessaloniki Film Festival has become the Balkans ' primary showcase for the work of new and emerging filmmakers as well as the leading film festival in The Greek diaspora (ελληνική διασπορά elliniki diaspora) is a term used to refer to the communities of Greek people living outside of the traditional

Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 Government 4 Urban Landscape 4.1 Architecture 4.2 Landmarks 4.3 Museums 4.4 Archaeological sites 5 Demographics 5.1 The Jews of Thessaloniki 5.2 Ethnic statistics 6 Economy 7 Culture 7.1 Festivals 7.2 Sports 8 Geography 8.1 Climate 9 Notable Thessalonians 10 Transportation 10.1 Thessaloniki Metro 10.2 Motorways 10.3 Railways 10.4 Airport 11 Media 11.1 Newspapers 11.2 Television 12 Twin Cities 12.1 Twinnings 12.2 Collaborations 13 Photo gallery 14 See also 15 Further reading 16 References 17 External links 17.1 Government 17.2 Cultural

Name

See also: Names of European cities in different languages#T

All variations for the city's name derive from the original (and current) appelation 'Thessaloniki'. Many cities in Europe have different names in different languages The alternative name Salonica, formerly the common name used in some western European languages, is derived from a variant form Σαλονίκη (Saloníki) in popular Greek speech. Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The city's name is also rendered Thessaloníki or Saloníki with a dark l typical of Macedonian Greek. The Velarized Alveolar lateral approximant, which may actually be Pharyngealized, also known as dark l is a type of Consonantal sound ^[3][4] Names in other languages prominent in the city's history include سلانيك in Ottoman Turkish and Selânik in modern Turkish, Solun (Cyrillic: Солунь) in the Slavic languages of the region, Sãrunã in Aromanian, and Selanik in Ladino. Ottoman Turkish (Osmanlıca or tr ''Osmanlı Türkçesi'' Ottoman Turkish ota-Latn ''lisân-ı Osmânî'' is the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Aromanian ( limba armãneascã, armãneshce or armãneashti) also known as Macedo-Romanian, Arumanian or Vlach in most It is also knows as 'Thess' by the diaspora Greeks who returned to Greece and by the international forces stationed in the variouis ex-Yugslav territory and who visit the city for their short breaks.

Thessaloniki is commonly called the Συμπρωτεύουσα Symprotevousa (lit. co-capital) of Northern Greece since the National Schism, in much the same way as it was called the συμβασιλεύουσα symbasilevousa (co-queen) of the Byzantine Empire. The National Schism ( Εθνικός Διχασμός, Ethnikos Dikhasmos, sometimes called The Great Division) is a historical event involving It was also considered to be the second-most important city in the Ottoman empire.

History

Main article: History of Thessaloniki

The city was founded around 315 BC by the King Cassander of Macedon, on or near the site of the ancient town of Therma and twenty-six other local villages. The history of Thessaloniki is a long history dating back to the Ancient Greeks. A statue is a Sculpture in the round representing a person or persons an animal or an event normally full-length as opposed to a bust, and at least close to life-size Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' Events By place Macedonian Empire Antigonus claims authority over most of Asia seizes the treasury at Susa and enters Babylon Cassander ( Greek: Κάσσανδρος, Kassandros; ca 350 - 297 BC King of Macedon (305 - 297 BC was a son of Antipater Therma ( Therme) () was a Greek city founded by Eretrians or Corinthians in late 7th century BC in ancient Mygdonia (which was later He named it after his wife Thessalonike, a half-sister of Alexander the Great (Thessalo-nikē means the "victory of Thessalians"). Thessalonike (Θεσσαλονίκη (342 - 295 BC was a Greek princess the daughter of Macedonian king Philip II of Macedon, by his Thessalian Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' It was an autonomous part of the Kingdom of Macedon. After the fall of the kingdom of Macedon in 168 BC, Thessalonica became a city of the Roman Republic. The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the It grew to be an important trade-hub located on the Via Egnatia and facilitating trade between Europe and Asia. The Via Egnatia ( Greek:) was a road constructed by the Romans in the 2nd century BC. The city became the capital of one of the four Roman districts of Macedonia.

When in 379 the Roman Prefecture of Illyricum was divided between East and West Roman Empires, Thessaloníki became the capital of the new Prefecture of Illyricum. The economic expansion of the city continued through the twelfth century as the rule of the Komnenoi emperors expanded Byzantine control to the north. Thessaloniki passed out of Byzantine hands in 1204, when Constantinople was captured by the Fourth Crusade. The Fourth Crusade (1202&ndash1204 was originally designed to conquer Muslim Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Thessaloníki and its surrounding territory—the Kingdom of Thessalonica—became the largest fief of the Latin Empire. The Kingdom of Thessalonica was a short-lived Crusader State founded after the Fourth Crusade over the conquered Byzantine lands The Latin Empire or Latin Empire of Constantinople (original Latin name Imperium Romaniae, " Empire of Romania " is the The city was recovered by the Byzantine Empire in 1246 sold it in 1423 to Venice, which held the city until it was captured by the Ottoman Sultan Murad II on 29 March 1430. The Most Serene Republic of Venice ((Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta or Repùblica de Venesia Serenissima Repubblica The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ( Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922 beginning with Murad II ( June 1404 Amasya February 3, 1451, Edirne) ( Ottoman Turkish: مراد ثانى Murād-ı sānī Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King

During the Ottoman period, the city's Muslim and Jewish population grew. By 1478, Selanik had a population of 4,320 Muslims and 6,094 Greek Orthodox, as well as some Catholics, but no Jews. By ca. 1500, the numbers had grown to 7,986 Greeks, 8,575 Muslims, and 3,770 Jews, but by 1519, there were 15,715, 54% of the city's population. The invitation of the Sephardic Jews expelled from Spain by Ferdinand and Isabella, was an Ottoman demographic strategy aiming to prevent the Greek element from dominating the city. Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural The Catholic Monarchs (los Reyes Católicos is the collective title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon ^[5] The city remained the largest Jewish city in the world for at least two centuries, often called "Mother of Israel". Selanik was a sanjak centre in Rumeli Eyaleti till 1864. Sanjak and Sandjak (other variants sinjaq sanjaq) are the most common English transcriptions of the Turkish word sancak Rumelia or Rumeli ( Turkish: Rumeli ("Land of the Romans" from Rum: "Greek" "Roman" and El It was centre of Selanik Vilayeti, which consisted sanjaks of Selanik, Serez and Drama between 1864-1912. The vilayet of Salonika was an Ottoman province from 1864 to 1912 Sérres or Sérrhae ( Greek: Σέρρες older form Σέρραι is a city in Macedonia, Greece. Drama is the specific mode of Fiction represented in Performance.

From 1870, driven by economic growth, the city's population exploded by 70%, reaching 135,000 in 1917.

During the First Balkan War, the Ottoman garrison surrendered Salonica to the Greek Army, on November 8 November [O.S. 26 October] 1912 without any resistance. The First Balkan War, which lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 pitted the Balkan League ( Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, and Bulgaria Mission The Hellenic Army's objective is to defend Greece's independence borders and terrain and also to guarantee the country's defense Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting In 1915, during World War I, a large Allied expeditionary force landed at Thessaloniki as the base for a massive offensive against pro-German Bulgaria. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose In 1916, pro-Venizelist army officers, with the support of the Allies, launched the Movement of National Defence, which resulted in the establishment of a pro-Allied temporary government that controlled northern Greece and the Aegean, against the official government of the King in Athens, which lead the city to be dubbed as symprotévousa ("co-capital"). Venizelism was one of the major political movements in Greece from the 1900s until the mid 1970s The Movement of National Defence (Κίνημα της Εθνικής Αμύνης was a revolution by Venizelist officers in Thessaloniki in 1916 against the royal A provisional government is an emergency or interim government set up when a political void has been created by the collapse of a previous administration or regime Most of the old town was destroyed by a single fire on 18 August [O.S. 5 August] 1917, accidentally sparked by French soldiers in encampments at the city. The Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917 was one of the most important incidents that marked the history of the city Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The fire left some 72,000 homeless, many of them Turkish, of a population of approximately 271,157 at the time. Thessaloniki fell to the forces of Nazi Germany on April 22, 1941, and remained under German occupation until 30 October 1944. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The city suffered considerable damage from Allied bombing, and almost its entire Jewish population was exterminated by the Nazis. Jewish population refers to the number of Jews in the world Precise figures are difficult to calculate because the definition of " Who is a Jew " remains a Barely a thousand Jews survived. Thessaloniki was rebuilt and recovered fairly quickly after the war with large-scale development of new infrastructure and industry throughout the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s.

On 20 June 1978, the city was hit by a powerful earthquake, registering a moment magnitude of 6. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer 5. The tremor caused considerable damage to several buildings and even to some of the city's Byzantine monuments; forty people were crushed to death when an entire apartment block collapsed in the central Hippodromio district. Early Christian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1988, and Thessaloniki later became European City of Culture 1997. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one Calendar year during which it is given a chance to showcase its In 2004 the city hosted a number of the football events forming part of the 2004 Summer Olympics. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The 2004 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, was an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated Thessaloniki unsuccessfully bid for the 2008 World EXPO, this time won by Zaragoza in Spain, but another planned bid for 2017 was announced in September 2006 and is now in full development. Zaragoza, also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza province and of the autonomous community and former Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.

Government

See also: List of mayors of Thessaloniki

As Thessaloniki is the second largest city in Greece, and an influential city in Northern Greece, it functions as the capital of the Central Macedonia Periphery, Thessaloniki Prefecture, and Thessaloniki Municipality. The Mayor of Thessaloniki is the head of the Municipality of Thessaloniki, the largest district of the City of Thessaloniki. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Central Macedonia ( Greek: Περιφέρεια Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας Periféria Kentrikís Makedonías)is one of the thirteen peripheries Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη is a Nomos ( Prefecture) in Greece, containing Thessaloniki, Lagana and the northern portion

Urban Landscape

Architecture

The architectural map of Thessaloniki has been a direct result of the city's position at the center of all historical developments in the Balkans. Aside from its commercial importance, Thessaloniki was, for many centuries, the military and administrative hub of the region, and beyond this the transportation link between Europe and the Levant. See also Names of the Levant The Levant (lə'vænt is a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia, roughly bounded on the north by the

The city attracted merchants, traders and refugees from across Europe, including Jews joining the city's earlier population. The authorities replaced part of the city's earliest Byzantine walls to allow it to expand, which it did, to the east and west along the coast. The need for commercial and public buildings in this new era of prosperity led to a marked shift in architectural direction and the construction of large edifices in the city center, in lots formerly occupied by small, shabby one-family homes. During this time, the city saw the building of banks, large hotels, theaters, warehouses, and factories. The city layout changed after 1870, when the seaside fortifications gave way to extensive piers, and many of the oldest walls of the city were demolished including those surrounding the White Tower.

The expansion of Eleftherias Square towards the sea completed the new commercial hub of the city. The western districts are classified as a the working class section, near the factories and industrial activity; the middle and upper classes gradually moved to the east suburbs of the town from the center, leaving the latter mostly business dominated. Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in Societies or Cultures. The most decisive and unforeseen moment in the city's modern history was 1917. A devastating fire swept through the city that year and burned uncontrollably for 32 hours. It destroyed the city's historic center and a large part of its architectural heritage, including many buildings of rare beauty.

A team of architects and urban planners led by Ernest Hebrard, a French architect chose the Byzantine era as the basis for their (re)building designs. The new city plan included axes, diagonal streets and monumental squares, with a street grid that would channel traffic smoothly. The grid plan or gridiron plan is a type of City plan in which Streets run at right angles to each other forming a grid. The plan of 1917 included provisions for the future population explosion and an adequate street and road network that would have been sufficient even today. It contained sites for public and significant buildings, the restoration of important Byzantine churches and landmarks and of Ottoman mosques, whereas the whole of the Upper City, near the fortifications, was declared a heritage site. There are a number of heritage registers around the world which keep lists of natural or man-made objects deemed to be of heritage value The plan also included a site for the campus of the future University of Thessaloniki, which was never fully realized, although today's University campus incorporates some of Hebrard's ideas nonetheless. The Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (often called the Aristotelian University) named after the philosopher Aristotle, is the largest university of

An important element of the plan was to achieve a fine balance between contemporary urban planning and architectural ideas, and the city's rich tradition and history. These plans were never to be fully implemented, and the city lacks a full administrative district to this day. Nevertheless, this aspect of the plan influenced a number of building and planning decisions throughout the 20th century, with inevitable adaptations to service the population explosion of the last 50 years.

Landmarks

• The White Tower of Thessaloniki (Greek: Λευκός Πύργος Lefkos Pyrgos), widely regarded as the symbol of the city. The White Tower of Thessaloniki (Λευκός Πύργος Lefkos Pyrgos, Beyaz Kule is a monument and museum on the waterfront of the city of Thessaloniki, Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly
• The Arch and Tomb of Galerius is more commonly known as the "Kamara" and ornately decorated, crafted with a reddish-coloured stone. The Arch of Galerius ( Modern Greek: τόξο του Γαλερίου or Aψίδα του Γαλερίου and the Tomb of Galerius
• The Upper Town or 'Ano Poli' is what remains of Ottoman Thessaloniki, with beautiful wooden houses overhanging the winding streets all the way up to the Eptapyrgio at the top of the city. The Ano Poli also contains some of the city's oldest and most important churches, particularly Osios David, St. Nicolaos Orphanos and Vlatades Monastery.
• The Church of Aghios Demetrios is the most important church in the entire city. The Church of Saint Demetrius, or Hagios Demetrios (Άγιος Δημήτριος is the main sanctuary dedicated to Saint Demetrius, the patron saint of Lying above the remains of the agora and the Roman Forum, the church has three side-chapels, a museum, and underground catacombs that also include Saint Demetrios' imprisonment chamber; he is the patron saint of the city.
• OTE Tower, a TV tower is the center of the Thessaloniki Expo Center. OTE Tower is a 76 metres tall antenna tower at Thessaloniki, Greece. Radio masts and towers are typically tall structures designed A revolving restaurant offers spectacular views of the city. A revolving restaurant is a Restaurant on a revolving Floorplate.
• The waterfront is Thessaloniki's major draw. The promenade of Nikis Avenue runs from the White Tower of Thessaloniki to the giant palace that is now a ferry terminal, and plentiful cafés, restaurants and shops line the waterfront.

• The Arch and Tomb of Galerius, or the Church of Aghios Georgios, is a circular church lacking the classic Orthodox iconostasis. The Arch of Galerius ( Modern Greek: τόξο του Γαλερίου or Aψίδα του Γαλερίου and the Tomb of Galerius The church is built upon former Roman and Greek pagan ruins.
• Aristotelous Square extends all the way from Nikis Avenue on the waterfront to the Church of Panayia Halkeion. Aristotelous Square ( Greek Πλατεία Αριστοτελους) is one of the main squares of Thessaloniki, Greece. The Church of Panaghia Halkéōn is a church in the Greek city of Thessaloniki. The square, shaped like a bottle, is lined with tall archondika, or mansions of the affluent, that have now been converted to shops and hotels. A large park lies at the north end of the square, and Thessaloniki's thriving old market is just one block away to the east and west.
• The Church of Aghia Sofia, also located in the city center, includes the large church and paved alleyways that make the few blocks around it widely known. The Hagia Sophia ( Greek: Ἁγία Σοφία Holy Wisdom) in Thessaloniki, Greece, is one of the oldest churches in that city still standing
• The extensive Byzantine walls of the Upper City (Ano Poli) and kastro.
• The Kyvernion (little Palace); former residence of the King and Queen of Greece; in the Karabournaki area, in Eastern Thessaloniki
• The modern Concert Hall of Thessaloniki^[6]in the East side of the city, near the Posidonion sports center. Karabournaki', also Karampournaki (Καραμπουρνάκι Mikro Karabourou or -Karampourou (Μικρό Καραμπουρνού or Mikro Emvolo
• Thessaloniki Intemational Trade Fair held every September, organised by Helexpo. A trade fair (or trade show) is an exhibition organised so that companies in a specific Industry can showcase and demonstrate their latest products service study
• The Seven tower-castle (Επταπύργιον).

Museums

• Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki (Museo Djudio de Salonik)
• Macedonian Museum of Contemporary Art
• State Museum of Contemporary Arts [1] housing an important collection of 1275 Russian avant-garde works of art, collected by George Costakis
• Macedonia-Thrace Folklore and Ethnological Museum, housed in the G. The Thessaloniki State Museum of Contemporary Art (Κρατικό Μουσείο Σύγχρονης Τέχνης is a state museum based in Thessaloniki Greece. The Russian avant-garde is an umbrella term used to define the large influential wave of Modern art that flourished in Russia from approximately 1890 to In the years surrounding the 1917 revolution artists in Russia produced the first non-figurative art movement which was to become the defining art of the 20th century Modiano Mansion
• Museum of Byzantine Culture
• Thessaloniki Archaeological Museum
• Thessaloniki Cinema Museum
• Museum of the Macedonian Struggle
• Thessaloniki Sports Museum
• Water Museum of Thessaloniki
• White Tower of Thessaloniki, museum and monument
• Thessaloniki Science Center & Technology Museum - NOESIS
• Thessaloniki Museum of Photography
• Museum of Cinematography
• Teloglion Foundation of Art
• Artforum Culture Foundation
• Artforum Research-institute and public-exhibition-hall
• European Center of Byzantine and Postbyzantine Monuments
• The Goulandris Natural History Museum

Archaeological sites

• Agia Paraskevi, Thessaloniki, archaic cemetery
• The Ancient Agora of Thessaloniki
• Monastery of Latomos at Thessaloniki
• The Roman Palace and Hippodrome
• The extensive city walls
• Trigonian Tower and the Castra area

Demographics

Although the population of the Municipality of Thessaloniki has declined in the last two censuses, the metropolitan area's population is still growing, as people are moving to the suburbs. The Museum of the Macedonian Struggle is a Museum in Thessaloniki, Greece, documenting the Greek Struggle for Macedonia of 1903 to 1908 in which Today approximately 1 million people live in the metropolitan area, making it the second largest metropolitan area in Greece after Athens. Thessaloniki metropolitan area has traditionally consisted of the municipality of Thessaloniki and its immediate surroundings Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's

Year	City population	Change	Metro population
1981	406,413	-	-
1991	383,967[7]	-22,446/-5. 52%	-
2001	363,987[7]	-19,980/-5. 20%	1,057,825[7]

The Jews of Thessaloniki

Main article: History of the Jews of Thessaloniki

Thessaloniki's Jewish community was largely of Sephardic background, but also included the historically significant and ancient Romaniote community. Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural The Romaniotes ( Greek: Ρωμανιώτες, Rōmaniōtes are a Jewish population who have lived in the territory of today's Greece and During the Ottoman era, Thessaloniki's Jewish community comprised more than half the city's population and Jews were dominant in commerce until the Greek population increased after 1912. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Within the interwar Greek state the Jews enjoyed the same civil rights as all other Greeks. ^[8] As a result of the Jewish influence on the city, many non-Jewish inhabitants of Thessaloniki also spoke Ladino, the Romance language of the Sephardic Jews, and the city virtually ground to a stop on Saturday, the Jewish Sabbath. The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, or Neolatin languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural Shabbat or Shabbos ( Hebrew: שַׁבָּת, shabbāt, shabbes, "rest/inactivity" is the Weekly Sabbath ^[9]

A great blow to the Jewish community of Thessaloniki came with the great fire of 1917, which left 50,000 Jews homeless. The Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917 was one of the most important incidents that marked the history of the city ^[10] Many Jews emigrated to Turkey,^[11] the United States, other parts of Europe and Alexandria, Egypt. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. In 1920, a law of the period creating separate electoral colleges for Salonica's Jews, meant they could not compete with Christian candidates,^[12] and a measure in 1922 ending Sunday trading had caused further stress for part of the city's Jewish population, already suffering the loss of markets after the collapse of the Ottoman empire, and more Jews emigrated. ^[13] The arrival of the 100,000 Greek refugees settling in Thessaloniki after the Asia Minor catastrophe of 1923, reduced the importance of the community and during the interwar period its proportions were at 20% of the city's population.

In March 1926, Greece had re-emphasised that all citizens of Greece enjoyed equal rights, and a considerable proportion of the Jews of the city stuck by their earlier conviction they should remain. By 1944 the great majority of the community firmly identified themselves as both Greek and Jewish. According to Misha Glenny, these Greek Jews had largely not encountered "anti-Semitism in its North European form. Misha Glenny (born 1958 is a British journalist and specialist on Southeastern Europe. . the twentieth century had witnessed the rise of anti-Jewish sentiment among Greeks. . . but it attracted an insignificant minority". ^[14] By the mid 1940s the prospect of German deportation to death camps was repeatedly met with disbelief by an increasingly well integrated Greek Jewish population. Mordechai Frizis was nevertheless among the leading Greek officers of World War II. Mordechai Frizis ( Μαρδοχαίος Φριζής) was a Romaniote Jewish Greek military officer who died in action during the Greco-Italian

Thessaloniki's Jewish community continued to play an important role in the city's life up until its occupation by the Nazis in World War II. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German The Nazis murdered approximately 96% of Thessaloniki's Jews of all ages in the Holocaust, effectively ending the Jewish community of Thessaloniki. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Today, fewer than 1,000 Jews are left in Thessaloniki, although there are communities of Thessaloniki Jews -- both Sephardic and Romaniote -- in the United States and Israel. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics.

Jewish Population of Thessaloniki^[15]

Year	Total Population	Jewish Population	Jewish Percentage	Source
1842	70,000	36,000	51%	Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer
1870	90,000	50,000	56%	Greek schoolbook (G. K. Moraitopoulos, 1882)
1882/84	85,000	48,000	56%	Ottoman government census
1902	126,000	62,000	49%	Ottoman government census
1913	157,889	61,439	39%	Greek government census
1917		52,000
1943		50,000
2000	363,987[7]	1,000	0. 27%

Ethnic statistics

The tables below show the ethnic statistics of Thessaloniki during the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century.

Year	Total Population	Jewish Population	Turkish Population	Greek Population	Bulgarian Population	Roma Population	Other groups
1890	118,000[16]	55,000[16]	26,000[16]	16,000[16]	10,000[16]	2,500[16]	8,500[16]
around 1913	157,889[17]	61,439[17]	45,889[17]	39,956[17]	6,263[17]	2,721[17]	1,621[17]

Economy

Thessaloníki is a major port city and an industrial and commercial center. The city's industries center around oil, steel, petrochemicals, textiles, machinery, flour, cement, pharmaceuticals, and liquor. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Petrochemicals are chemical products made from raw materials of Petroleum or other Hydrocarbon origin A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Flour is a powder made of Cereal grains It is the key ingredient of Bread, which is a staple food in many countries and therefore the availability In the most general sense of the word a cement is a binder a substance which sets and hardens independently and can bind other materials together A drug, broadly speaking is any chemical substance that when absorbed into the body Being a free port, the city functions as the gateway to the Balkan hinterland. A free port ( porto franco) or free zone (US Foreign-Trade Zone is a port or area with relaxed jurisdiction with respect to the country of location The city is also a major transportation hub for the whole of southeastern Europe, carrying, among other things, trade to and from the newly capitalist countries of the region. A considerable percentage of the city's workers are employed in small- and medium-sized businesses and in the service and the public sectors.

In recent years, the city has begun a process of deindustrialization and a move towards a service based economy. A spate of factory shut downs have occurred in order to take advantage of cheaper labor markets and more lax regulations. Among the largest companies to shut down factories are Goodyear, PFI (ΒΦΛ), AVEZ (the first industrial factory in northern Greece built in 1926),^[18] and VIAMIL (ΒΙΑΜΥΛ). Siemens is also considering shutting down their plant in the city.

Culture

Festivals

Main article: Festivals of Thessaloniki

Thessaloniki is home to a number of festivals and events, including the Thessaloniki International Trade Fair, with an eighty-year history hosted at the Thessaloniki International Exhibition Center and attracting over 300,000 visitors each year. The "International Film Festival" established as one of the most important film festivals in Southeastern Europe and Balkans with many notable film makers like Francis Ford Coppola, Faye Dunaway, Catherine Deneuve, Irene Papas and Fatih Akın taking part. The International Thessaloniki Film Festival has become the Balkans ' primary showcase for the work of new and emerging filmmakers as well as the leading film festival in Francis Ford "Frank" Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is a five-time Academy Award -winning American Film director, Dorothy Faye Dunaway (born January 14, 1941) known as Faye Dunaway, is an American actress. Catherine Deneuve (French katʁin dəˈnœv born October 22 1943 is a two-time Cesar Award -winning BAFTA Award -nominated and Academy Award -nominated Irene Papas ( Greek Ειρήνη Παππά born September 3 1926) is a Greek actress and occasional Singer, who has starred Fatih Akın ( August 25, 1973 in Hamburg, Germany) is a German film director The "Documentary Festival", founded in 1999, focuses on documentaries that explore global social and cultural developments, with many of the films presented being candidates for FIPRESCI and Audience Awards. The Thessaloniki Documentary Festival is a Film festival specialising in Documentary films which takes place in Thessaloniki and is affiliated with the FIPRESCI (short for Fédération Internationale de la Presse Cinématographique) in English known as International Federation of Film Critics, is an association The Dimitria festival, founded in 1966 and named after the city's patron saint of St. Demetrius, focuses on a wide range of events including music, theatre, dance, local happenings, and exhibitions. This page is for minor and supplementary characters in the Power Rangers universe appearing in the Television series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Saint Demetrius redirects here For another saint see Demetrius of Alexandria. The "DMC DJ Championship" is hosted at the International Trade Fair of Thessaloniki and has become a worldwide event for aspiring DJs and turntablists. DMC World DJ Championships is an annual DJ competition hosted by Disco Mix Club (DMC which began in 1986 The "International Festival of Photography" takes place every February to mid-April, attracting the interest of both the photographic world and the public. Exhibitions for the event are sited at museums, heritage landmarks, galleries, bookshops and cafes.

Sports

The main football stadiums in the city are the state-owned Kaftanzoglio Stadium, Toumba Stadium and Kleanthis Vikelides Stadium home grounds of Iraklis, PAOK and Aris respectively. Public ownership (also called government ownership, state ownership or state property) refers to Government Ownership of any Kaftanzoglio ( Καυτανζόγλειο) is a football Stadium located in Thessaloniki, Greece. Toumba Stadium (Γήπεδο Τούμπας is a Football Stadium in Thessaloniki, Greece owned by the multisports club A Kleánthis Vikelídis Stadium (Γήπεδο Κλεάνθης Βικελίδης is a Stadium in Thessaloniki, Greece. PAOK, Iraklis and Aris are founding members of the Greek league. The Super League Greece (Σούπερ Λίγκα Ελλάδα founded in 2006 is the highest professional football league in Greece. Thessaloniki's major indoor arenas are the state-owned Alexandreio Melathron, home to Aris indoor departments and various other cultural activities, PAOK Sports Arena and the YMCA indoor hall. Alexandrio Melathron is an Indoor sports arena located in Thessaloniki, Greece. PAOK Sports Arena ( in Greek: Κλειστό γήπεδο ΠΑΟΚ) is located in Thessaloniki, Greece and it hosts The Young Men's Christian Association (" YMCA " or " the Y " was founded on June 6, 1844 in London England by a young man

In basketball, Aris has won 10 Greek Championships, 8 Greek Cups, and 3 European titles, with PAOK and Iraklis following suit with many successes too. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Assistant coach(es || Dimitrios Nikolaidis Athanasios Papachatzis| Season || 2006-07 | Position || A1, Third | Address The A1 Ethniki (often referred to as Greek League or Greek Championship) is the highest professional Basketball competition among pro clubs in The Greek Basketball Cup or Hellenic Cup is an annual cup Competition, organized by the Greek Basketball Federation since 1976. PAOK Thessaloniki BC is the professional Basketball team of the Greek PAOK Sport department based in Thessaloniki, Greece See also GS Iraklis Thessaloniki Iraklis BC ( ΚΑΕ Ηρακλής in Greek) is the professional Basketball department of the wider In volleyball, Iraklis is considered by far the most successful team in the city and one of the 3 most successful teams in Greece having won 3 Volleyball Championships, 5 Cups, 2 Super Cups, and having reached the final of the Volley Champions League twice. Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet See also GS Iraklis Thessaloniki Iraklis Thessaloniki is a Volleyball team based in Thessaloniki, Greece. Women's CEV Champions LeagueThe CEV Champions League or Indesit European Champions League is the top official competition for men's Volleyball clubs of Europe In October 2007, Thessaloniki organized the first South Eastern European Games. ^[19]

Club	Founded
Iraklis	1908
Aris	1914
YMCA	1921
PAOK	1926
Apollon	1926

Geography

Thessaloniki was hit by powerful earthquakes in 620, 667, 700, 1677, 1759, 1902, 1904, 1905, 1932, and 1978. Departments Iraklis is considered one of the most historical and important Greek sport clubs and maintains departments in many sports including Honours Football See also Aris FC Greek Championships The Young Men's Christian Association (" YMCA " or " the Y " was founded on June 6, 1844 in London England by a young man Sports Departments AS PAOK Thessaloniki PAOK FC - Football The event in 1978 measured a 6. 5 magnitude on the Richter scale. The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude M L scale assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released ^[20]

Climate

Thessaloniki lies on the northern fringe of the Thermaic Gulf, along its western side, and to its south-eastern side is bordered by Mt. The Thermaic Gulf (Θερμαϊκός Κόλπος is a gulf of the Aegean Sea located immediately south of Thessaloniki, east of Pieria and Imathia Hortiatis. The city borders the Mediterranean and Mid-European Temperate climates. A Mediterranean climate is one that resembles the Climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, which includes over half of the area with this climate type world-wide Annual rainfall averages 451 mm (17. 75 inches). Snowfall is sporadic, but does occur almost annually.

Thessaloniki was hit by powerful earthquakes in 620, 667, 700, 1677, 1759, 1902, 1904, 1905, 1932, and 1978. The event in 1978 measured a 6. 5 magnitude on the Richter scale. The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude M L scale assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released ^[21]

Climate chart for Thessaloniki
J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
40   9 1	38   11 2	43   14 5	35   19 8	43   25 12	30   29 16	22   32 19	20   31 18	27   27 15	45   21 11	58   15 7	50   11 3
temperatures in °C • precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     1. 6   48 34     1. 5   52 36     1. 7   57 41     1. 4   66 46     1. 7   77 54     1. 2   84 61     0. 9   90 66     0. 8   88 64     1. 1   81 59     1. 8   70 52     2. 3   59 45     2   52 37 temperatures in °F • precipitation totals in inches

The city lies in the transitional climatic zone, so its climate displays characteristics of continental as well as mediterranean climate. The winter is relatively dry, with morning frost being common. Snow does occur almost annually, but it usually doesn't last for many days. During the worst winter spells the temperature can drop as low as -10C/14F (Record min. -14C/7F).

Summer is hot and nights are humid, contributing to an unpleasant situation. Maximum temperatures are most of the time above 30C/86F, but rarely over 40C/104F (Record max. 44C). Rain is not very frequent during summer and it occurs mainly in the form of thunderstorms.

Notable Thessalonians

Main article: List of Thessalonians

Thessaloniki, throughout it's history has been home to a number of politicians, artists, craftsmen, sportsmen, clergy and singers among others. The list below contains notable people who are from the city of Thessaloniki, listed alphabetically A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of Activities to do with creating Art, practicing the Arts and/or demonstrating An artisan, also called a Craftsman, is a skilled manual worker who crafts items that may be functional or strictly decorative including furniture clothing Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given Religion.

Transportation

Public transport in Thessaloniki is currently served only by buses. The bus company operating in the city is called Organismos Astikon Sygkoinonion Thessalonikis (OASTH), or Thessaloniki Urban Transportation Organization. OASTH (Οργανισμός Αστικών Συγκοινωνιών Θεσσαλονίκης is the Thessaloniki organisation of Mass transportation.

Thessaloniki Metro

Further information: Thessaloniki Metro

The construction of the Thessaloniki Metropolitan Railway was under discussion for more than fifteen years,^[22] but construction began in 2006 and is scheduled to last around six and a half years, with a completion date envisaged for late 2012. Thessaloniki Metro is a planned underground Public transport system for Thessaloniki, Greece. ^[22] The line shall extend over 9. 5km and include 13 stations,^[23] and is expected that the subway will eventually serve 250,000 passengers daily. ^[22] Like the Athens Metro, the Thessaloniki Metro will also house a number of archaeological finds. The Athens Metro is the underground Public transport system of Athens, Greece, constructed by the Attiko Metro company ( Αττικό Thessaloniki Metro is a planned underground Public transport system for Thessaloniki, Greece. ^[24]

Discussions are underway on future expansions, in order to connect the underground with the major transport hubs for the city, the Makedonia Central Bus Station, the Central Railway Station, and Makedonia International Airport. Central Railway Station (also known as Sydney Terminal) is the largest Railway station in Sydney. Thessaloniki International Airport "Macedonia" ( Greek: Κρατικός Αερολιμένας Θεσσαλονίκης "Μακεδονία" Kratikós Expansions to Kalamaria, the easternmost suburb of Thessaloniki, and to Stavroupoli, in the west, are part of the initial construction phase. Kalamariá (Greek Καλαμαριά is an affluent suburban city in the Thessaloniki Prefecture located about 5 km southeast of downtown Thessaloniki. Stavroupoli (Σταυρούπολη is a suburban city in the Thessaloniki Prefecture. Future expansions include the districts of Eleftherio-Kordelio, and the northern districts, such as Toumba. Eleftherio-Kordelio (Ελευθέριο Κορδελιό is a municipal Suburb on the western edge of the Thessaloniki metropolitan area in Greece. Toumba is a neighborhood on the eastern side of Thessaloniki, Greece.

Motorways

Further information: Egnatia Odos

Thessaloniki was without a motorway link until the 1970s. The city is accessed by GR-1/E75 from Athens, GR-4, GR-2, (Via Egnatia) /E90 and GR-12/E85 from Serres and Sofia; by the early 1970s the motorway had reached Thessaloniki and was the last section of the GR-1 to be completed, while 1980s construction saw completion of the city's 4-lane bypass, which was finally opened to traffic in 1988 and runs from the western industrial side of the city all the way to its southeast, approaching Thermi and Halkidiki. Greek National Road 1 is the longest highway in Greece. The highway begins at Kifissou Avenue or north of the Bay of Phaliro up to Efzoni at the border The Via Egnatia ( Greek:) was a road constructed by the Romans in the 2nd century BC. Sofia (София ˈsɔfija is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of Bulgaria, with a population of 1395568 in the Capital Municipality Recently upgraded, it now takes in a number of new junctions and improved motorway features; the latest motorway expansion was toward the Via Egnatia, northwest of Thessaloniki.

Railways

The city is a major railway hub for the Balkans, with direct connections to Sofia, Skopje, Belgrade, Moscow, Vienna, Budapest, Bucharest and Istanbul, alongside Athens and other major destinations in Greece. Sofia (София ˈsɔfija is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of Bulgaria, with a population of 1395568 in the Capital Municipality Skopje (Скопје; Shkup or Shkupi is the Capital and largest city in the Republic of Macedonia, with more than a quarter of the population Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Commuter rail services have recently been established between Thessaloniki and Litochoro, Pieria, covering the journey in approximately 45 to 50 minutes. Litochoro (Greek Modern Λιτόχωρο Ancient/ Katharevousa Λιτόχωρον older form Litochoron) is a town and municipality located in the southern part Pieria (Syria was a province of Roman Syria Pieria (Πιερία is one of the Prefectures of Greece.

Airport

Air traffic to and from the city is served by Makedonia International Airport, for both international and domestic flights. Air Traffic are a British Alternative rock band from Bournemouth. Thessaloniki International Airport "Macedonia" ( Greek: Κρατικός Αερολιμένας Θεσσαλονίκης "Μακεδονία" Kratikós The short length of the airport's two runways means that it does not support intercontinental flights, although there are plans for major expansion. The expansion of one of the runways into the Thermaic Gulf is being undertaken, so as to enable the servicing of trans-oceanic flights, despite considerable opposition to this by local environmentalist groups.

Media

Twin Cities

Twinnings

• Alexandria, Egypt, since July 12, 1993^[26]
• Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, since October 20, 1984^[26]
• Bratislava, Slovakia, since April 23, 1986^[26]
• Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, since May 3, 1988^[26]
• Constanţa, Romania, since July 5, 1988^[26]
• Hartford, Connecticut, United States since March 5, 1962^[27][26]
• Kolkata, India since January 1, 2005^[26]
• Korçë, Albania since October 14, 2005^[26]
• Leipzig, Saxony, Germany, since October 17, 1984^[26]
• Limassol, Cyprus, since June 30, 1984^[26]
• Melbourne, Victoria, Australia since March 19, 1984^[28][26]
• Nice, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France, since March 20, 1992^[26]
• Plovdiv, Bulgaria, since February 27, 1984^[26]
• San Francisco, California, United States since August 6, 1990^[29]
• Tel Aviv, Israel, since November 24, 1994^[26]
• Tianjin, China since March 4, 2002^[26]

Collaborations

• Boston, Massachusetts, United States since April 21, 1996^[26]
• Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, United States since July 5, 1993^[26]
• Budapest, Hungary since April 5, 1993^[26]
• Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine since April 18, 2003^[26]
• Gyumri, Armenia since November 23, 2000^[26]
• Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France, since June 4, 1991^[26]
• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States since April 1, 2004^[26]
• Saint Petersburg, Russia, since 2003^[26]
• Shenyang, China since March 23, 2000^[26]
• Toronto, Canada since September 5, 1986^[26]
• Venice, Italy, since July 17, 2003^[26]

Photo gallery

The Church of Hagios Demetrios, Patron Saint of the city, in central Thessaloniki. Makedonia ( Macedonia, Greek: Μακεδονία) is a Greek daily Newspaper ERT 3 or ET-3 is the third channel from ERT, the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation Macedonia TV (Greek Μακεδονία TV, Makedonia TV) is a Greek national Television network, based in Thessaloniki. Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Bologna (boloɲa from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in Bolognese dialect is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy Emilia-Romagna is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The capital is Bologna. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) ARTICLE TEXT BEGINS AFTER THESE COMMENTS - PLEASE READ 1 Please do not edit the lead without reading Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen usually shortened to NRW, official short form NW is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Constanţa (pronunciation in Romanian: /kon'stanʦa/ historical names Tomis, Κωνστάντια or Constantia, Köstence Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Korçë (Korçë or Korça is a major city in the Korçë District of south-eastern Albania, located at near the border with This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong The Free State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen ˈzaksən Swobodny Stat Sakska is the easternmost federal state of Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Limassol or Lemesos ( Greek: Λεμεσός, Lemesos; Turkish: Limasol, alt Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (PACA ( Provençal Occitan: Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur in classical norm or Prouvènço-Aup-Costo d'Azur in Mistralian This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) ( Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is the second largest city in northern coastal China. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Brooklyn Center is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States, part of the Minneapolis-Saint The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Dnipropetrovsk (Дніпропетровськ Днепропетро́вск Dnepropetrovsk; formerly Yekaterinoslav, ru Екатериносла́въ is Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Gyumri ( Armenian: Գյումրի is the capital and largest city of the Shirak Province in northwest Armenia. Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Marseille, ( English alt Marseilles mɑrˈseɪ — French: maʁsɛj locally — Provençal Occitan: Marselha maʀˈsijɔ Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (PACA ( Provençal Occitan: Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur in classical norm or Prouvènço-Aup-Costo d'Azur in Mistralian This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Shenyang ( Ch: 沈阳 pinyin Shěnyáng, or Mukden ( in Manchu) is a Sub-provincial city and capital of Liaoning China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Church of Saint Demetrius, or Hagios Demetrios (Άγιος Δημήτριος is the main sanctuary dedicated to Saint Demetrius, the patron saint of	The Metropolitan Church of Thessaloniki, Saint Gregory Palamas. Saint Gregory Palamas (Γρηγόριος Παλαμάς (1296 - 1359 was a monk of Mount Athos in Greece and later the Archbishop of	The Church of Holy Wisdom (Αγία Σοφία - Hagia Sophia) in central Thessaloniki. The Hagia Sophia ( Greek: Ἁγία Σοφία Holy Wisdom) in Thessaloniki, Greece, is one of the oldest churches in that city still standing	Niki's Avenue on Thessaloniki's central seafront.
The Heptapyrghion or Yedi Kule Castle.	The Ministry of Macedonia and Thrace in central Thessaloniki.	The OTE Tower is one of the city's modern landmarks.	Section of the campus of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (often called the Aristotelian University) named after the philosopher Aristotle, is the largest university of
The colourful Navarinou Square at the city center.	Evening view of the White Tower and the Thermaic Gulf towards the YMCA Square. The Thermaic Gulf (Θερμαϊκός Κόλπος is a gulf of the Aegean Sea located immediately south of Thessaloniki, east of Pieria and Imathia The Young Men's Christian Association (" YMCA " or " the Y " was founded on June 6, 1844 in London England by a young man	The Institute of Macedonian Studies in central Thessaloniki.	The historic Makedonia Palace is amomg the city's largest and most luxurious hotels.

See also

• History of Greece
• Jews in Greece
• Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917
• OASTH

Further reading

• Apostolos Papagiannopoulos,Monuments of Thessaloniki, Rekos Ltd, date unknown. The History of Greece traditionally encompasses the study of the Greek people, the areas they ruled historically and the territory now composing the modern state of There have been organized Jewish communities in Greece for more than two thousand years The Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917 was one of the most important incidents that marked the history of the city OASTH (Οργανισμός Αστικών Συγκοινωνιών Θεσσαλονίκης is the Thessaloniki organisation of Mass transportation.
• Apostolos P. Vacalopoulos, A History of Thessaloniki, Institute for Balkan Studies,1972.
• John R. Melville-Jones, 'Venice and Thessalonica 1423-1430 Vol I, The Venetian Accounts, Vol. II, the Greek Accounts, Unipress, Padova, 2002 and 2006 (the latter work contains English translations of accounts of the events of this period by St Symeon of Thessaloniki and John Anagnostes).
• Thessaloniki: Tourist guide and street map, A. Kessopoulos, MalliareÌ„s-Paideia, 1988.
• Mark Mazower, Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews, 1430-1950, 2004, ISBN 0-375-41298-0. Mark A Mazower (born 1958 is a notable British Historian of Greece, The Balkans, and 20th century Europe in general
• Thessaloniki City Guide, Axon Publications, 2002.
• James C. Skedros, Saint Demetrios of Thessaloniki: Civic Patron and Divine Protector, 4th-7Th Centuries (Harvard Theological Studies), Trinity Press International (1999).
• Vilma Hastaoglou-Martinidis (ed. ), Restructuring the City: International Urban Design Competitions for Thessaloniki, Andreas Papadakis, 1999.
• Matthieu Ghilardi, Dynamiques spatiales et reconstitutions paléogéographiques de la plaine de Thessalonique (Grèce) à l'Holocène récent, 2007. Thèse de Doctorat de l'Université de Paris 12 Val-de-Marne, 475 p.

References

External links

Government

• Municipality of Thessaloniki
• Thessaloniki Port Authority
• ΟΑΣΘ - Organisation of Urban Transport of Thessaloniki (Greek & English)
• Thessaloniki - Photo Archive Documents 1900-1980

Cultural

• Thessaloniki Film Festival
• Thessaloniki - Old postcards
• Thessaloniki Info & Links

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