The theremin is one of the earliest electronic musical instruments, and the first musical instrument played without being touched (originally pronounced [ˈteremin] but often anglicized as IPA: /ˈθɛrəmɪn/^[1], theramin,^[2] or thereminvox, it is also known as an aetherphone. Léon Theremin (born Lev Sergeyevich Termen, Лев Сергеевич Термен ( August 15 1896 Julian calendar = 1896-08-27 An electronic musical instrument is a Musical instrument that produces its sounds using Electronics. ) It was invented by Russian inventor Léon Theremin (Russian: Лев Сергеевич Термен) in 1919^[3]. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Léon Theremin (born Lev Sergeyevich Termen, Лев Сергеевич Термен ( August 15 1896 Julian calendar = 1896-08-27 The controlling section usually consists of two metal antennas which sense the position of the player's hands and control radio frequency oscillator(s) for frequency with one hand, and volume with the other. An antenna is a Transducer designed to transmit or Receive electromagnetic waves In other words antennas convert electromagnetic waves into Oscillation is the repetitive variation typically in Time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of Equilibrium) or between two or more different states The electric signals from the theremin are amplified and sent to a loudspeaker. In the fields of communications, Signal processing, and in Electrical engineering more generally a signal is any time-varying or spatial-varying quantity Generally an amplifier or simply amp, is any device that changes usually increases the amplitude of a signal. For the Marty Friedman album see Loudspeaker (album A loudspeaker, speaker, or speaker system is an electroacoustical The theremin is an electrophone, a subset of the quintephone family. The fifth top-level group electrophone category was added to the Hornbostel Sachs musical instrument classfication system by Sachs in 1940 to describe instruments involving electricity A Quintephone is a Musical instrument that generates sound informatically.

To play, the player moves his hands around the antennas, controlling frequency (pitch) and amplitude (volume). Frequency is a measure of the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit Time. Amplitude is the magnitude of change in the oscillating variable with each Oscillation, within an oscillating system Loudness is the quality of a Sound that is the primary psychological correlate of physical strength (amplitude The theremin is associated with "alien", surreal, and eerie-sounding portamento, glissando, tremolo, and vibrato sounds, due to its use in soundtracks such as Spellbound, The Lost Weekend, and The Day the Earth Stood Still. Portamento is a Musical term primarily denoting a vocal slide between two pitches and its emulation by instruments such as the violin and in 16th century " Glissando " (plural glissandi abbreviated gliss is a glide from one pitch to another Tremolo, or tremolando, is a Musical term with several meanings A regular and repetitive variation in Amplitude for the duration Vibrato is a musical effect produced in singing and on musical instruments by a regular pulsating change of pitch, and is used to add expression and vocal-like qualities to Spellbound ( 1945) is a psychological mystery thriller directed by Alfred Hitchcock. The Lost Weekend is a 1945 motion picture directed by Billy Wilder for Paramount Pictures, starring Ray Milland, The Day the Earth Stood Still is a 1951 Black-and-white Science fiction film that tells the story of a humanoid alien visitor who comes Theremins are also used in art music (especially avant-garde and 20th century "new music") and in popular music genres such as rock and pop. Experimental music is a term introduced by composer John Cage in 1955 Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure John Otway regularly uses a Theremin in his performances, as does Claudio Sanchez of Coheed and Cambria while playing guitar. John Otway, (born 2 October 1952, in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England) is a self-confessed unsuccessful Singer-songwriter Claudio Paul Sanchez (born March 12, 1978) Sanchez also appears on his bandmate Travis' side project dubbed Fire Deuce (backing vocals which released Coheed and Cambria is an American Progressive metal band formed in New York. Jean Michel Jarre also used it on his album Oxygène. Jean-Michel André Jarre (born 24 August 1948, Lyon) is a French Composer, performer and Music producer. Oxygène is an album of instrumental electronic music composed produced and performed by the French composer Jean Michel Jarre.

The Ondes-Martenot is one of several similar electronic instruments using two heterodyning oscillators, but its player has to touch it. The ondes Martenot (IPA maʀtəno French for "Martenot waves" also known as the ondium Martenot, Martenot and ondes musicales) is an early In Radio and Signal processing, heterodyning is the generation of new frequencies by mixing or multiplying two Oscillating waveforms Please see the Similar instruments section below

Contents 1 History 2 Operating principles 3 Performance technique 4 Uses 4.1 Artistic music 4.2 Popular music 4.3 Movies and movie soundtracks 4.4 Television 4.5 Books 5 Similar instruments 6 See also 7 References 7.1 Publications 7.2 Film and video 8 External links

History

See also: Léon Theremin

The theremin was originally the product of Russian government-sponsored research into proximity sensors. Léon Theremin (born Lev Sergeyevich Termen, Лев Сергеевич Термен ( August 15 1896 Julian calendar = 1896-08-27 A proximity sensor is a Sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact The instrument was invented by a young Russian physicist named Lev Sergeivich Termen (known in the West as Léon Theremin) in 1919 after the outbreak of the Russian civil war. Léon Theremin (born Lev Sergeyevich Termen, Лев Сергеевич Термен ( August 15 1896 Julian calendar = 1896-08-27 The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed After positive reviews at Moscow electronics conferences, Theremin demonstrated the device to Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction Lenin was so impressed with the device that he began taking lessons in playing it,^[4] commissioned six hundred of the instruments for distribution throughout the Soviet Union, and sent Theremin on a trip around the world to demonstrate the latest Soviet technology and the invention of electronic music. Electronic music is music that employs Electronic musical instruments and Electronic Music technology in its production After a lengthy tour of Europe, during which time he demonstrated his invention to packed houses, Theremin found his way to America, where he patented his invention in 1928 (US1661058 ). The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Subsequently, Theremin granted commercial production rights to RCA. RCA Corporation, founded as Radio Corporation of America, was an electronics company in existence from 1919 to 1986

Although the RCA Thereminvox, released immediately following the Stock Market Crash of 1929, was not a commercial success, it fascinated audiences in America and abroad. The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the ’29 Crash, the Crash of 1929, the Great Crash of 1929, the Great Crash of October 1929 Clara Rockmore, a well-known theremibiograhynist, toured to wide acclaim, performing a classical repertoire in concert halls around the United States, often sharing the bill with Paul Robeson. Clara Rockmore (born Clara Reisenberg Vilnius, Lithuania, March 9, 1911; d Paul LeRoy Bustill Robeson ( April 9, 1898 &ndash January 23, 1976) was a multi-lingual American Actor, athlete In 1938, Theremin left the United States, though the circumstances related to his departure are in dispute. Many accounts claim he was taken from his New York City apartment by KGB agents^[5], taken back to the Soviet Union and made to work in a sharashka laboratory prison camp. The City of New York The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Sharashka (sometimes Sharaga or Sharazhka, шара́шка) was an informal name for secret Research and development He reappeared 30 years later. In his 2000 biography of the inventor, Theremin: Ether Music and Espionage, Albert Glinsky suggested the Russian had fled to escape crushing personal debts, and was then caught up in Stalin's political purges. In any case, Theremin did not return to the United States until 1991. ^[6]

After a flurry of interest in America following the end of the Second World War, the theremin soon fell into disuse with serious musicians, mainly because newer electronic instruments were introduced that were easier to play. Moog Music World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including However, a niche interest in the theremin persisted, mostly among electronics enthusiasts and kit-building hobbyists. One of these electronics enthusiasts, Robert Moog, began building theremins in the 1950s, while he was a high-school student. Dr Robert Arthur Moog (ˈmoʊɡ to rhyme with "rogue" ( May 23, 1934 &ndash August 21, 2005) was an American pioneer of Moog subsequently published a number of articles about building theremins, and sold theremin kits which were intended to be assembled by the customer. Moog credited what he learned from the experience as leading directly to his groundbreaking synthesizer, the Minimoog. The Minimoog is a monophonic Analog synthesizer, invented by Bill Hemsath and Robert Moog.

Since the release of the film Theremin: An Electronic Odyssey in 1994 (one year after the death of Léon Theremin), the instrument has enjoyed a resurgence in interest and has become more widely used by contemporary musicians. Theremin An Electronic Odyssey is a 1993 Documentary film directed by Steven M Even though many theremin sounds can be approximated on many modern synthesizers, some musicians continue to appreciate the expressiveness, novelty and uniqueness of using an actual theremin. The film itself has garnered excellent reviews. ^[7]

Today Moog Music, Dan Burns of soundslikeburns. Moog Music com^[8] Chuck Collins of theremaniacs. com^[9] Wavefront Technologies and Kees Enkelaar^[10] manufacture performance-quality theremins. Theremin kit building remains popular with electronics buffs; kits are available from Moog Music, Theremaniacs, Harrison Instruments, PAiA Electronics, and Jaycar. PAiA Electronics Inc is an American Synthesizer kit company that was started by John Simonton in 1967. Jaycar is an Australian and New Zealand electronics Retailer dealing in electronic components and related products for the electronics enthusiast On the other end of the scale, many low-end Theremins, some of which have only pitch control, are offered online and offline, sometimes advertised as toys.

Operating principles

A theremin is unique among musical instruments in that it is performed without being touched by the operator. The musician stands in front of the instrument and moves his or her hands in the proximity of two metal antennas. The distance from one antenna determines frequency (pitch), and the distance from the other controls amplitude (volume). Most frequently, the right hand controls the pitch and the left controls the volume, although some performers reverse this arrangement. Additionally, some theremins use a volume dial and have only one antenna.

A theremin uses the heterodyne principle to generate an audio signal. In Radio and Signal processing, heterodyning is the generation of new frequencies by mixing or multiplying two Oscillating waveforms The instrument's circuitry includes two radio frequency oscillators. Radio frequency ( RF) is a Frequency or rate of Oscillation within the range of about 3 Hz to 300 GHz One oscillator operates at a fixed frequency. The other is a variable frequency oscillator, the frequency of which is controlled by the performer's distance from the frequency control antenna. The performer's hand acts as the grounded plate (the performer's body being the connection to ground) of a variable capacitor in an L-C (inductance-capacitance) circuit. In Electrical engineering, the term ground or earth has several meanings depending on the specific application areas A variable capacitor is a Capacitor whose capacitance may be intentionally and repeatedly changed mechanically or electronically The difference between the frequencies of the two oscillators at each moment generates a beat frequency in the audio frequency range, resulting in audio signals that are amplified and sent to a loudspeaker. In Acoustics, a beat is an Interference between two Sounds of slightly different frequencies, perceived as periodic variations in volume whose An audio frequency (abbreviation AF) or audible frequency is characterized as a periodic vibration whose Frequency is audible to the average human

To control volume, the performer's hand acts as the grounded plate of another variable capacitor. In this case, the capacitor detunes another L-C circuit, which affects the amplifier circuit. The distance between the performer's hand and the volume control antenna determines the capacitor's value, which regulates the theremin's volume.

Performance technique

Easy to learn but notoriously difficult to master, theremin performance presents two challenges: reliable control of the instrument's pitch with no guidance (no keys, valves, frets, or finger-board positions), and minimizing undesired portamento that is inherent in the instrument's microtonal design. Portamento is a Musical term primarily denoting a vocal slide between two pitches and its emulation by instruments such as the violin and in 16th century Microtonal music is Music using microtones — intervals of less than an equally spaced Semitone.

Pitch control is challenging because, like a violin or trombone, a theremin generates tones of any pitch throughout its entire range, including those that lie between the conventional notes. In the case of some string instruments, the range is divided along the strings by use of length divisions (e. g. , frets on a guitar). By contrast, in the case of the theremin, the entire range of pitches is controlled by the distance of the performer's hand or fingers to the pitch antenna in mid-air. Precise control of manual position coupled with an excellent sense of pitch is required, since the electromagnetic field around the antenna tends to change slowly over time, resulting in changing positions of individual pitches.

Also, the theremin's continuous range of pitches lends itself to glissando playing, which can be inappropriate to the piece being performed. " Glissando " (plural glissandi abbreviated gliss is a glide from one pitch to another Skilled performers, through rapid and exact hand movements, minimize undesired portamento and glissando to play individual notes and can even achieve staccato effects. Portamento is a Musical term primarily denoting a vocal slide between two pitches and its emulation by instruments such as the violin and in 16th century " Glissando " (plural glissandi abbreviated gliss is a glide from one pitch to another In Musical notation, the Italian word staccato (literally detached, plural staccatos or staccati) indicates that notes Small and rapid movements of the hands can create tremolo or vibrato effects.

Although pitch is governed primarily by the distance of the performer's hand to the pitch antenna, most precision thereminists augment their playing techniques with a system called "aerial fingering", largely devised by Clara Rockmore and subsequently extended by Lydia Kavina. Clara Rockmore (born Clara Reisenberg Vilnius, Lithuania, March 9, 1911; d Lydia Kavina (born September 8, 1967) is a Russian Theremin virtuoso and is currently the leading performing musician on the instrument It employs specific hand and finger positions to alter slightly the amount of capacitance relative to the pitch antenna to produce small changes in tone quickly and in a manner that can be reliably reproduced.

An alternate and controversial "hands on" technique is called "angling" in which the pitch control hand is actually set on the top of the theremin which violates the "no touch" creed of traditionalists. It employs changing the angle of the hand and fingers to alter the pitch and repositioning the hand if the pitch interval is too large for "angling". By touching the instrument, the effect on pitch of extraneous movement is dampened. This permits the use of steady pitches without vibrato and without remaining perfectly still.

Equally important in theremin articulation is the use of the volume control antenna. Unlike touched instruments, where simply halting play or damping a resonator silences the instrument, the thereminist must "play the rests, as well as the notes", as Ms. Rockmore observes. ^[11] Although volume technique is less developed than pitch technique, some thereminists have worked to extend it, especially Pamelia Kurstin's "walking bass" technique. Pamelia Kurstin (born Pamela Stickney May 28, 1976 in Southern California) is a world-renowned Thereminist who has played and recorded with such In Popular music, a walking bass is a style of bass accompaniment or line common in jazz which creates a feeling of regular quarter note movement akin to the regular

Skilled players who overcome these challenges by a precisely controlled combination of movements can achieve complex and expressive performances, and thus realize a theremin's potential.

Some thereminists in the avant-garde openly rebel against developing any formalized technique, viewing it as imposing traditional limitations on an instrument that is inherently free form. Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard These players choose to develop their own highly personalized techniques. The question of the relative value of formal technique versus free form performances is hotly debated among thereminists. Theremin artist Anthony Ptak uses antenna interference in live performance. In physics interference is the addition ( superposition) of two or more Waves that result in a new wave pattern

Uses

Artistic music

Theremins are popular instruments among avant-garde and new music artists because of their perceived freedom from traditional compositional structures. It is also performed as a classical instrument, and is occasionally used in jazz improvisation.

Classical composers who have written for theremin include Lera Auerbach, Bohuslav Martinů, Dmitri Shostakovich, Percy Grainger, Christian Wolff, Joseph Schillinger, Alan Hovhaness, Edgar Varese, Moritz Eggert, Iraida Yusupova, Jorge Antunes, Vladimir Komarov, Anis Fuleihan^[12] and Dalit Warshaw. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Lera Auerbach (Лера Авербах b Bohuslav Martinů ( (December 8 1890 – August 28 1959 was a prolific Bohemian Czech Composer, who wrote six symphonies, 15 Operas Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich ( Russian: ru Дмитрий Дмитриевич Шостакович ( &ndash 9 August 1975 was a Russian Composer George Percy Grainger (8 July 1882&ndash20 February 1961 was an Australian born Composer, Pianist and champion of the Saxophone and the Christian Wolff (born March 8, 1934) is an American Composer of experimental classical music. Joseph Schillinger ( August 31, 1895 &ndash March 23, 1943) was a composer music theorist and composition teacher Alan Hovhaness (Ալան Հովհանես ( March 8, 1911 &ndash June 21, 2000) was an American Composer of Armenian WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Edgard Victor Achille Charles Varèse, whose name was also spelled Edgar Varèse Moritz Eggert (born November 25, 1965 in Heidelberg) is a German Composer and Pianist. Mrs Iraida Yusupova (born February 20, 1962 in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan) is a Turkmenistani Composer of half Russian-half Tatar Jorge de Freitas Antunes ( April 23, 1942) is a Brazilian Composers one of the most important in electroacoustic and Acousmatic Vladimir Komarov redirects here for the botanist see Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov. Anis Fuleihan ( April 2, 1900 - October 11, 1970) was a Cypriot -born American Composer, conductor Dalit Warshaw was born in New York on August 6 1974 Her works have been performed by dozens of orchestral ensembles including the New York Philharmonic and

A recent classical composition utilizing the Theremin is Lera Auerbach's ballet The Little Mermaid, a three hour production featuring the theremin as the mermaid's voice throughout. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Lera Auerbach (Лера Авербах b The Little Mermaid (Den lille havfrue is a Fairy tale by the Danish Poet and Author Hans Christian Andersen about a young The Royal Danish Ballet commissioned Russian- North American composer Lera Auerbach to make a modern rendition of this fairy tale. It premiered on April fifteenth, 2005 with Lydia Kavina as the theremin soloist. Lydia Kavina (born September 8, 1967) is a Russian Theremin virtuoso and is currently the leading performing musician on the instrument Lydia Kavina also performed in Olga Neuwirth's opera Bählamms Fest (after Leonora Carrington's Baa-Lamb's Holiday), which premiered in 1999. Olga Neuwirth (born August 4, 1968 in Graz) is an Austrian Composer. Leonora Carrington (born April 6 1917) is a British -born artist a surrealist painter and while living in Mexico, a novelist Elizabeth Brown composed "Rural Electrification", a chamber opera for voice, theremin and recorded sound, as well as "Piranesi" for theremin and string quartet and "Atlantis" for theremin and guitar.

Dalit Warshaw, a student of Clara Rockmore, is a composer, pianist and thereminist who has performed on the instrument with such ensembles as the New York Philharmonic and the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic, among others. Dalit Warshaw was born in New York on August 6 1974 Her works have been performed by dozens of orchestral ensembles including the New York Philharmonic and Clara Rockmore (born Clara Reisenberg Vilnius, Lithuania, March 9, 1911; d The New York Philharmonic is the oldest active Symphony Orchestra in the United States, organized during 1842 The Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra ( Swedish: Kungliga Filharmonikerna or Kungliga Filharmoniska Orkestern) was founded in 1902 as the Works written for theremin by Dalit Warshaw have been performed at Lincoln Center, Steinway Hall and at the L. Dalit Warshaw was born in New York on August 6 1974 Her works have been performed by dozens of orchestral ensembles including the New York Philharmonic and Steinway Hall is the name of concert halls housing Steinway & Sons piano showrooms and sales departments in one building A. Philharmonic's Disney Hall. The Walt Disney Concert Hall at 111 South Grand Avenue in Downtown Los Angeles, California is the fourth hall of the Los Angeles Music Center.

Russian thereminist and composer Lydia Kavina is widely regarded as the greatest living theremin virtuoso. Lydia Kavina (born September 8, 1967) is a Russian Theremin virtuoso and is currently the leading performing musician on the instrument A virtuoso (from Italian virtuoso, late Latin virtuosus, Latin virtus meaning skill manliness excellence is an individual She is the niece of one of Léon Theremin's first-degree cousins. Kavina was Theremin's protégé. Her repertoire consists primarily of classical and neo-classical compositions, many of which were written for the instrument. Many thereminists have studied under or played Ms. Kavina, including German thereminists Barbara Buchholz and Carolina Eyck, English thereminists Bruce Woolley and Charlie Draper (both of The Radio Science Orchestra), Miss Hypnotique, and Japanese thereminist Masami Takeuchi. Bruce Woolley, ( 11 November, 1953) is an English Musician, Songwriter and Record producer.

In the United States, Pamelia Kurstin performs as a thereminist whose eclectic styles and innovations continue to expand the instrument's range. Pamelia Kurstin (born Pamela Stickney May 28, 1976 in Southern California) is a world-renowned Thereminist who has played and recorded with such Her performances encompass the classical and jazz idioms, as well as in ethnic and avant-rock music with the band Barbez. More recently, the Armenian thereminist Armen Ra (also based in the United States) has promoted the instrument by performing popular, classical and Armenian music on the instruments. Armen Ra is an American artist and performer of Iranian-Armenian descent Other American performers of note include jazz thereminist Eric Ross, Canadian singer-songwriter Peter Pringle, Montana-based thereminist and organist Kevin Kissinger, graphic designer Charles Richard Lester, Thomas Grillo based in Mississippi, and Rupert Chappelle with over a hundred theremin videos online. Eric Ross (born 1948 in Pennsylvania, US) is an American Composer and Avant-garde musician residing in New York. .

Popular music

Theremin sounds have been incorporated into many popular music songs from the 1960s through the present. Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more

Theremins have also been used in live concerts and in the studio by artists such as The Gathering, Lothar and the Hand People, Gabby La La, Les Claypool's Fancy Band, Calle 13, Chimaira, Muse, Street Drum Corps, Olivia Tremor Control, Phish, The Cramps, Pixies, The Flaming Lips, Tripod, Clinic, Chris Funk (The Decemberists), The Mars Volta, The Polyphonic Spree, The Family Jewels, Fishbone, Jean Michel Jarre, Portishead, Jon Spencer Blues Explosion, Charlie Clouser (Nine Inch Nails), Madonna Wayne Gacy (Marilyn Manson), Natalie Naveira (Lendi Vexer), Bill Bailey, Nikki Sixx, Rocket Science, Pere Ubu, Keller Williams, Michael Hearst, One Ring Zero, The Damned (by Dave Vanian), Green Carnation, Gandalf Murphy and the Slambovian Circus of Dreams, Russian duet Messer Chups, Patrick Wolf, DeVotchKa, Roy Harter, Pram, Soular, The Phenomenauts, Black Moth Super Rainbow (in certain tracks), Chris Kilmore (Incubus), The Octopus Project (by Yvonne Lambert), Wolf Parade (by Hadji Bakara), Coheed and Cambria, Älymystö, Seeed, They Might Be Giants, Cherry Poppin' Daddies and Serj Tankian. Lothar and the Hand People was a late 1960s Psychedelic rock band known for their spacey music and pioneering use of the Theremin and Moog modular Gabby Lang, better known by her Stage name, Gabby La La, is a vocalist and Multi-instrumentalist (including Sitar, Ukelele, Accordion Les Claypool's Fancy Band is the most current group of musicians to go on tour with Les Claypool. Calle 13 is a five-time Latin Grammy Award and Grammy Award -winning Puerto Rican Hip hop and alternative- Reggaeton duo formed by half-brothers Muse are Street Drum Corps is a punk rock percussion group that was started in April 2004 by Bobby Alt (S The Olivia Tremor Control was an Athens Georgia Indie rock band in the mid- to late 1990s which along with The Apples in Stereo and Phish is an American Jam band noted for their Musical improvisation, extended Jam sessions and cult following The Cramps are an American Punk rock band formed in 1976. Their line-up has rotated much over the years with lead singer Lux Interior and lead guitarist Pixies are an American Alternative rock band formed in Boston Massachusetts in 1986 The Flaming Lips (formed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in 1983 is an American rock band TriPod is a Rock trio with no guitars or keyboards TriPod uses non-traditional instruments in the melodic line (bass brass theremin & woodwinds Clinic are a Liverpool based band noted for their often fast-paced eclectic sound Chris Funk is a member of the Portland, Oregon, Indie rock band The Decemberists. The Mars Volta is the name of a partnership between guitarist Omar Rodríguez-López and singer Cedric Bixler-Zavala founded in 2001 The Polyphonic Spree is a self-described " choral symphonic rock " group from the Dallas Texas area Fishbone is an Alternative rock band that plays a fusion of Ska, Punk rock, Reggae, Funk, heavy metal and more Jean-Michel André Jarre (born 24 August 1948, Lyon) is a French Composer, performer and Music producer. Portishead (pɔːtɪsˈhɛd IS an English musical group from Bristol. Blues Explosion (formerly The Jon Spencer Blues Explosion and sometimes abbreviated JSBX) is a New York -based Punk blues trio Charles Alexander Clouser (born June 28, 1963, in Hanover New Hampshire) is a musician whose activities include playing Keyboard, Stephen Gregory Bier Jr, formerly known by his Stage name Madonna Wayne Gacy, (born March 6, 1964, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida Marilyn Manson is an American Alternative metal band based in Los Angeles California. Natalie Naveira is Thereminist Multi-instrumentalist and Singer. Lendi Vexer are a Trip hop band from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Mark Bailey where he was initially an academic pupil winning most of the prizes Nikki Sixx (born Frank Carlton Serafino Feranna Jr December 11, 1958, San Jose California) is an American bassist, Rocket Science is an Australian Alternative rock band that first came to public attention on Triple J around 2000. Pere Ubu are an Experimental rock music group formed in Cleveland Ohio, in 1975 Keller Williams (also known as K-Dub or just Keller) (Born February 4, 1970) is an American singer from Fredericksburg Virginia Michael Marcus Hearst (born December 27 1972, Virginia Beach Virginia) is an American composer multi-instrumentalist and writer One Ring Zero is a modern music group that melds many genres and sounds to create a unique type of music and is based in the New York City borough of Brooklyn The Damned are an English band formed in London in 1976 notable for being the first Punk rock band from England to release a single (" New Rose " an David Vanian (born David Letts on 12 October 1956 in Hemel Hempstead, England) is a Punk rock Musician Green Carnation is a band from Kristiansand, Norway formed in 1990 that has created songs from both the Progressive rock and Progressive metal Gandalf Murphy and the Slambovian Circus of Dreams is a Hudson Valley New York based band which was founded in Sleepy Hollow in 1998 Messer Chups is an experimental band from StPetersburg Russia. Patrick Wolf (born Patrick Denis Apps on June 30, 1983) is an English Singer-songwriter from South London. DeVotchKa is a four piece multi-instrumental and vocal ensemble that fuses Romani, Greek, Slavic, Bolero, Mariachi (and many Roy Harter (born March 6 1973 is an American composer music producer audio engineer and musician most known for his work in television and film Pram are a band formed in the Balsall Heath/Moseley area of Birmingham, England in 1990. Soular are an American rock band based out of Albuquerque, New Mexico. The Phenomenauts are a San Francisco Bay Area band that combine elements of Rock and roll, pop, punk, New Wave, Black Moth Super Rainbow is an American experimental band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Chris Kilmore (born 21 January 1973) is an American DJ He is the Turntablist and Keyboardist of the rock band Incubus. Incubus is a Grammy -nominated Alternative rock band based out of Calabasas, California. You may be looking for The Octopus Project - an American Indietronica band based in Austin Texas. Coheed and Cambria is an American Progressive metal band formed in New York. Seeed is a German Reggae / Dancehall band from Berlin. Founded in 1998, they have become famous in Germany and its neighboring They Might Be Giants (commonly abbreviated to TMBG) is an American Alternative rock band which began as a duo of John Flansburgh and John The Cherry Poppin' Daddies are an American rock band formed in 1989 in Eugene, Oregon. Serj Tankian ( Armenian: Սերժ Թանգեան (born August 21, 1967 in Beirut, Lebanon and started his own software company

Brian Jones, founder of The Rolling Stones, used a theremin for the song "Please Go Home" off the 1967 albums Between the Buttons (UK version only) and Flowers. Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969 was a founding member and Guitarist of the English Rock group The Rolling Stones. " Please Go Home " is a song by the British rock 'n roll band The Rolling Stones. Between the Buttons is the fifth UK and seventh US studio Album by The Rolling Stones and was released in 1967 as the follow-up A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also

A theremin solo was featured in live versions of the song "Whole Lotta Love" by the band Led Zeppelin, the instrument being played by the band's guitarist, Jimmy Page. " Whole Lotta Love " is a song by English rock band Led Zeppelin. Led Zeppelin were James Patrick Page, OBE (born 9 January 1944 is an English Guitarist, Composer and record producer

The Lothars are a Boston-area band whose CDs have featured as many as four theremins played at once. ^[13]

IQU's Kento Oiwa is a virtuoso thereminist and has used the instrument in the recording of many of their songs, as well as to cover Minnie Riperton's "Lovin' You. Minnie Julia Riperton (November 8 1947 – July 12 1979 was an American singer and songwriter noted for her five-and-a-half Octave Vocal range, with her 1975 " Lovin' You " is the 1975 hit single by Minnie Riperton. "

Other bands and artists occasionally using a theremin are Alison Goldfrapp in the song "Train",^[14] Marilyn Manson in "Dope Hat", Les Claypool's Fancy Band in "Of Whales and Woe", Simon and Garfunkel on the album "Old Friends: Live on Stage" (played by keyboardist Rob Schwimmer), Supergrass in the song "Richard III", Ulver on the album "Shadows of the Sun", Tiamat on the album "A Deeper Kind of Slumber", Brazilian psychedelic band Os Mutantes, Project: Pimento, John Otway,^[15] and Timbaland on the album "Shock Value". Goldfrapp are a British Electronic music group known for their visual theatrics and contribution to the popularization of Electronic dance music. Marilyn Manson is an American Alternative metal band based in Los Angeles California. Les Claypool's Fancy Band is the most current group of musicians to go on tour with Les Claypool. Simon & Garfunkel are an American Singer-songwriter duo of Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel. Simon & Garfunkel 's Old Friends Live On Stage is a live document from their highly successful "Old Friends" reunion concert tour of 2003 with Supergrass are an English Alternative rock band from Oxford. The band consists of brothers Gaz ( Guitar and Lead vocals " Richard III " is a song by the band Supergrass. It was the second single to be released from In It for the Money, the band's second album Ulver ( Norwegian for “ wolves ” is a multi-disciplinary musical trio from Norway. Shadows of the Sun is the seventh Studio album by the Norwegian experimental band Ulver, released on October 1 2007 in Tiamat is a Metal band that formed in Stockholm Sweden in 1988 A Deeper Kind of Slumber is the 1997 Century Media Records release by Swedish band Tiamat. Os Mutantes (uz muˈtɐ̃tʃis The Mutants are an influential Brazilian Psychedelic rock band that were linked with the Tropicália movement John Otway, (born 2 October 1952, in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England) is a self-confessed unsuccessful Singer-songwriter Timothy Z Mosley (born March 10, 1971) better known by his Stage name Timbaland, is an American Record producer, Roger Ruskin Spear of the Bonzo Dog Doo Dah Band uses a theremin "leg" in the song "Noises for the Leg" on their album Keynsham, whereas Rapper Paul Wall features a looped (screwed and chopped) theremin on his single "I'm Throwed" (featuring Jermaine Dupri. Roger Ruskin Spear (born 29 June 1943 in Hammersmith West London) the son of Ruskin Spear The Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band (also known as The Bonzo Dog Band, The Bonzo Dog Dada Band and colloquially as " The Bonzos " are a band created by Keynsham is the fourth album by the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band originally released in 1969 Paul Slayton, better known by his Stage name Paul Wall, was born March 11, 1981. Screwed and Chopped refers to a technique of Remixing Hip hop music which developed in the Houston hip hop scene in the 1990s "I'm Throwed" is the second single off Paul Wall 's album Get Money Stay True. Jermaine Dupri, also known as JD, (born Jermaine Dupri Mauldin) is an American Record producer and Rapper. )

Contrary to popular belief, the theremin was not used on the 1966 recording of "Good Vibrations" by The Beach Boys, which featured Paul Tanner's "box", later called the electro-theremin. " Good Vibrations " is a pop single by The Beach Boys. The Beach Boys is an American rock band Formed in 1961 the group gained popularity for its close vocal harmonies and lyrics reflecting a California Youth culture Paul Tanner (born October 15 1917) is an American musician Tanner gained fame by playing Trombone with Glenn Miller 's band (1938-1942 The Electro-Theremin, often called the Tannerin is an Electronic musical instrument developed by trombonist Paul Tanner and amateur Inventor However, for concert appearances, an oscillator slide-controller was designed and built for Wilson by Robert Moog. Dr Robert Arthur Moog (ˈmoʊɡ to rhyme with "rogue" ( May 23, 1934 &ndash August 21, 2005) was an American pioneer of Wilson helped to popularize the instrument when he recorded Paul Tanner playing his electro-theremin -- for the first time in recorded music history -- on the song "I Just Wasn't Made For These Times. Paul Tanner (born October 15 1917) is an American musician Tanner gained fame by playing Trombone with Glenn Miller 's band (1938-1942 The Electro-Theremin, often called the Tannerin is an Electronic musical instrument developed by trombonist Paul Tanner and amateur Inventor " The song appeared on The Beach Boys' 1966 album Pet Sounds, considered one of the most influential albums in popular music history. The Beach Boys is an American rock band Formed in 1961 the group gained popularity for its close vocal harmonies and lyrics reflecting a California Youth culture Pet Sounds is a 1966 album recorded by American pop group The Beach Boys.

Even though credited with a "theramin" on the album "Dummy", Portishead use a monophonic synthesizer to achieve theremin-like effects, and not a theremin. Portishead (pɔːtɪsˈhɛd IS an English musical group from Bristol. ^[16]

In the Aesop Rock track "39 Thieves" off of the album "None Shall Pass", DJ Big Wiz uses a theremin hooked up to a DJ mixer during the break. Aesop Rock (born Ian Matthias Bavitz on May 11 1976 is an American hip hop artist None Shall Pass is the fifth full-length album by American hip hop artist Aesop Rock, released on 28 August, 2007 on He controls the frequency of the theremin with one hand, and manipulates the cross fader with the other resulting in a very original sound.

Dead To Fall used a theremin on the recording of their track, "The Future" on their 2008 album, "Are You Serious?". Dead to Fall was a Chicago and Minneapolis based Metalcore band Are You Serious? is the fourth and final full length release from Chicago -based Metalcore band Dead to Fall. Arthur Harrison of The Cassettes was recruited to perform with it on the recording. The Cassettes (also known as The Cassettes Musical Explorers Society) are a Washington DC based "Mystic Country"/ Steampunk band formed in 1999

"Weird Al" Yankovic used a theremin in the studio to record the track "Slime Creatures from Outer Space" for his third album. Alfred Matthew "Weird Al" Yankovic (ˈjæŋkəvɪk born October 23 1959 is a Grammy Award winning American singer Musician, actor satirist Dare to Be Stupid is the third Album recorded by "Weird Al" Yankovic, released in 1985

Movies and movie soundtracks

The Russian Dmitri Shostakovich was one of the first composers to include parts for the theremin in orchestral pieces, including a use in his score for the 1931 film Odna. Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich ( Russian: ru Дмитрий Дмитриевич Шостакович ( &ndash 9 August 1975 was a Russian Composer Odna ( Russian одна 'alone' is a Soviet film released in 1931. While the theremin was not widely used in classical music performances, the instrument found great success as the 'eerie' background sound in countless motion pictures, notably, Spellbound, The Red House, The Lost Weekend, The Spiral Staircase, The Day the Earth Stood Still, The Thing (From Another World), The Ten Commandments (the 1956 DeMille film). Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music Spellbound ( 1945) is a psychological mystery thriller directed by Alfred Hitchcock. The Lost Weekend is a 1945 motion picture directed by Billy Wilder for Paramount Pictures, starring Ray Milland, The Spiral Staircase is a 1945 American Psychological thriller film based on Ethel Lina White 's Novel Some Must Watch, The Day the Earth Stood Still is a 1951 Black-and-white Science fiction film that tells the story of a humanoid alien visitor who comes The Thing from Another World, often referred to as The Thing before 1982 is a 1951 Science fiction film which tells the story of The Ten Commandments is a 1956 motion picture that Dramatized the Biblical story of Moses, an adopted Egyptian The theremin is used as a melodic solo instrument, rather than as a sound effect, in the soundtracks of Raw Deal, Bartleby, Monster House, Ed Wood, and The Machinist^[17] (both featuring Lydia Kavina). "Bartleby the Scrivener: A Story of Wall Street " is a Novella by American author Herman Melville (1819-1891 Ed Wood is a 1994 American comedic biopic directed by Tim Burton and starring Johnny Depp as the cross-dressing The Machinist (also known as El Maquinista) is an English-language Spanish Psychological thriller film directed by Lydia Kavina (born September 8, 1967) is a Russian Theremin virtuoso and is currently the leading performing musician on the instrument The DVDs for Ed Wood and Bartleby both contain short features on the theremin. Robby Virus, the founder and theremin player of the band Project:Pimento, was featured on the soundtrack to the movie Hellboy (2004). Hellboy is a 2004 Supernatural action-thriller film directed by Guillermo del Toro. ^[18]

Throughout the theremin's use in film music from the 1940s to the 1960s, its sound was equated with the bizarre and alien. Because of Clara Rockmore's professed distaste for such projects, the thereminist most commonly enlisted to perform anything from haunting melodies to eerie sound effects was Dr. Samuel Hoffmann, whose performances can be heard most prominently in the soundtracks for Spellbound (1945) and The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951). Spellbound ( 1945) is a psychological mystery thriller directed by Alfred Hitchcock. The Day the Earth Stood Still is a 1951 Black-and-white Science fiction film that tells the story of a humanoid alien visitor who comes Ronald Stein was a composer of soundtracks who also played theremin for movies such as "The She Creature" (1956) and the "Queen of Blood" (1966). Ronald Stein ( April 12, 1930 &ndash August 15, 1988) was an American Film composer. The She Creature (also known as The She-Creature) is a 1956 American Black and white horror Film Queen of Blood is a 1966 horror / Science fiction film released by American International Pictures.

Actor Jerry Lewis plays a theremin briefly in the 1957 Paramount film The Delicate Delinquent. Jerry Lewis (born March 16, 1926) is an American Comedian, award-winning actor producer writer and director best-known for his slapstick The Delicate Delinquent is a 1957 black and white film starring Jerry Lewis. The latter part of the scene actually uses thereminist Samuel Hoffman in the soundtrack, to which Jerry Lewis mimes the motions of playing the instrument.

It is often believed that the theremin was used for the soundtrack of Forbidden Planet. Forbidden Planet is a 1956 Science fiction film directed by Fred M In fact, Louis and Bebe Barron built oscillator circuits and a ring modulator to create the 'electronic tonalities' for the film. Louis ( 23 April, 1920, Minneapolis &ndash 1 November, 1989, Los Angeles) and Bebe Barron ( 16 June Ring modulation is a signal-processing effect in electronics related to Amplitude modulation or frequency mixing, performed by multiplying two signals where one ^[19]

Lydia Kavina's solo theremin is featured on the soundtrack for the 2006 MMORPG computer game Soul of the Ultimate Nation, composed by Howard Shore. Lydia Kavina (born September 8, 1967) is a Russian Theremin virtuoso and is currently the leading performing musician on the instrument A massively multiplayer online role-playing game ( MMORPG) is a genre of Computer role-playing games (CRPGs in which a large number of players interact with Soul of the Ultimate Nation (often abbreviated as SUN is a fantasy-based massive multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG produced by Webzen, a Korean-based Howard Leslie Shore (born October 18, 1946) is an Academy Award, Golden Globe and Grammy Award -winning Canadian Composer ^[20]

Bruce Woolley provided all the Theremin parts for "Storm" the title song of The Avengers movie and also the 'Sound Of Music' sequence in Baz Luhrmann's Moulin Rouge!

Los Angeles-based thereminist Charles Richard Lester is featured on the soundtrack of Monster House^[21] and has performed the US premiere of Gavriil Popov's 1932 score for Komsomol--Patron of Electrification with the L. A. Philharmonic and Esa-Pekka Salonen in 2007. Bruce Woolley, ( 11 November, 1953) is an English Musician, Songwriter and Record producer. The Avengers is a 1998 film based on the British Cult television series of the same name from the 1960s This article is about the 2001 Motion picture. For other uses see Moulin Rouge (disambiguation Moulin Rouge! is a 2001 Musical film Monster House is an American 2006 computer animated horror film released on July 21, 2006. Gavriil Nikolayevich Popov (Гаврии́л Никола́евич Попо́в 12 September, 1904 Novocherkassk &ndash The Los Angeles Philharmonic (LA Phil LAP or LAPO is an American Orchestra based in Los Angeles, California, United States Esa-Pekka Salonen ( (born June 30 1958 is a prominent Finnish orchestral conductor and Composer. ^[22]

In the 2007 biopic parody film Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story, Dewey Cox suggests to one of his band members that he open his mind, and learn to play the Theremin. Walk Hard The Dewey Cox Story is a 2007 American Comedy film, directed by Jake Kasdan and starring John C It comes at a time when Dewey is using LSD pretty heavily, and has been working on his "masterpiece" album which is one very long song with countless obscure instruments, a full symphony, a vocal accompaniment of indigenous Australians and a goat. Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands.

Television

• The classic sci-fi anthology series The Outer Limits used the theremin in its second season opening theme. For the album by Progressive Metal band Voivod see The Outer Limits (album.
• Coloratura soprano Loulie Jean Norman imitated the sound and feel of the theremin for the theme for Alexander Courage's theme for the original Star Trek TV series. A coloratura soprano is a type of operatic Soprano who specializes in music that is distinguished by agile runs and leaps Loulie Jean Norman (born in Birmingham Alabama on March 12 1913; died August 2 2005 in Los Angeles) was a famous Coloratura Alexander Mair Courage Jr (December 10 1919 &ndash May 15 2008 was an American orchestrator, Arranger, and Composer of music primarily 'But most of us theremin players use to play it. '^[23] Soprano Elin Carlson sang Norman's part when CBS-Paramount TV remastered the program's title sequence in 2006. ^[24]
• The television situation comedy My Favorite Martian employed a theremin in its theme music composed by George Greeley. My Favorite Martian is an American Television Sitcom that aired on CBS from September 29, 1963 to In addition, the instrument was used whenever Uncle Martin (Ray Walston) practiced his powers of levitation or raised his antennae. Ray Walston ( December 2 1914 – January 1 2001) was an American stage, Television and Feature film
• The British television series Midsomer Murders uses a theremin in its popular theme tune as well as in underscore. Midsomer Murders is a British television Drama that has aired on ITV1 since 1997 The theremin part is played by Celia Sheen. ^[25]

• Bill Bailey, English comedian also uses a theremin in live performances on his stand up tours. Mark Bailey where he was initially an academic pupil winning most of the prizes
• In "The Ziff Who Came To Dinner" from The Simpsons, Homer becomes upset when he believes that someone is playing his theremin in the attic. " The Ziff Who Came to Dinner " is the fourteenth episode of The Simpsons ' fifteenth season, and the third of four episodes Homer Jay Simpson is a main fictional character in the animated television series The Simpsons and father of the eponymous family.
• In the fifteenth episode of Mahou Sentai Magiranger "The Bride's Elder Brother ~Giruma Magi Majuna~", the Magiranger use a device known as the "Tell Me Theremin" which has supposedly not been used in 250 years. translated into English as Magic Squadron Magiranger, is Toei Company 's twenty-ninth production of the Super Sentai television series
• In May, 2007, the White Castle American hamburger restaurant chain introduced a television ad^[26] featuring a theremin performance by musician Jon Bernhardt of the band The Lothars. White Castle is the oldest American Hamburger fast food restaurant chain ^[27]
• In the Comedy Central travel program Wanderlust, host Gerhard Reinke is a theremin enthusiast and plays the instrument alongside traditional Irish musicians in a pub. Comedy Central is an American Cable television and Satellite television channel that carries predominantly Comedy programming Gerhard Reinke's Wanderlust was a show on Comedy Central that featured Writer - Comedian Josh Gardner as a German backpacker hosting a fictional Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world
• In episode "Roger Codger" of American Dad! Stan says "I'll check out this lab, where the Theremin music is coming from" while searching for Roger the alien. " Roger Codger " is an episode of the TV animated series American Dad!. American Dad! is a satirical American animated series produced by Underdog Productions and Fuzzy Door Productions for 20th Century
• On an episode of NickJr's Yo Gabba Gabba, musician Sukho Lee plays a lullaby on the Theremin in the "Cool Tricks" segment. Yo Gabba Gabba! is a Children's television series currently airing on the Nick Jr
• In the Episode The Farnsworth Parabox of the tv show Futurama the Theremin is used extensively to cue the difference between the normal universe and the parallel universe. “The Farnsworth Parabox” is the fifteenth episode of the fourth production season of Futurama. Futurama is an Emmy Award -winning animated American sitcom created by Matt Groening, and developed by Groening and In addition, in a later episode's commentary, series creator Matt Groening discusses his experiences and difficulties with buying and building his own Theremin. Matthew Abram Groening (ˈɡreɪnɪŋ GRAY-ning) (born February 15 1954 is an American Cartoonist, television producer and writer from Portland
• In the Adult Swim program, Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, Mentok the Mind Taker often imitates a theremin when carrying on with great vanity about his mind taking powers. Adult Swim, (usually stylized swim with its signature square Brackets, is an adult-oriented Television network sharing channel space with Cartoon Harvey Birdman Attorney at Law is a North American Animated television series comedy created by Williams Street that airs on Cartoon

Books

• In the novel Hannibal, Hannibal Lecter buys and plays a theremin as well as other musical instruments. Hannibal is a novel by Thomas Harris, a third part of a series involving his iconic psychopathic character Hannibal Lecter.
• A theremin is played at a wedding ceremony in the Herman Wouk novel Marjorie Morningstar

Similar instruments

• The Ondes-Martenot also uses the principle of heterodyning oscillators, but has a keyboard as well as a slide controller and is touched while playing. Herman Wouk ( "woke" born May 27, 1915) is a bestselling American Author with a number of notable Novels to his Marjorie Morningstar is a 1955 novel by Herman Wouk, about a woman who wants to become an actress The ondes Martenot (IPA maʀtəno French for "Martenot waves" also known as the ondium Martenot, Martenot and ondes musicales) is an early
• The Electro-Theremin (or Tannerin) does not use heterodyning oscillators and has to be touched while playing, but it allows continuous variation of the frequency range and sounds similar to the theremin. The Electro-Theremin, often called the Tannerin is an Electronic musical instrument developed by trombonist Paul Tanner and amateur Inventor
• The Persephone, an analogue fingerboard synthesizer with CV and MIDI, inspired from Les Ondes Martenots or the Trautonium. The Persephone is an analog Fingerboard synthesizer from the year 2004 in the tradition of the first ribbon controlled instruments from the 1920s. The Persephone allows continuous variation of the frequency range from 1 to 10 octaves. The ribbon is pressure and position sensitive.
• The Electronde, invented in 1929 by Martin Taubman, has an antenna for pitch control, a handheld switch for articulation and a foot pedal for volume control. An Electronde an Electronic musical instrument invented in 1929 by Martin Taubman. ^[28]
• The Syntheremin is an extension of the theremin. Syntheremin is a portmanteau of “ Synthesizer ” and “ Theremin ” and an original musical instrument that a Japanese composer AQi Fzono conceived
• The Croix Sonore (Sonorous Cross), is based on the theremin. The Croix Sonore is an early electronic Musical instrument with continuous pitch similar to the Theremin. It was developed by Russian composer Nicolas Obouchov in France, after he saw Lev Theremin demonstrate the theremin in 1924.
• The terpsitone, also invented by Theremin, consisted of a platform fitted with space-controlling antennas, through and around which a dancer would control the musical performance. The terpsitone was an Electronic musical instrument, invented by Léon Theremin, which consisted of a platform fitted with space-controlling antennae through and By most accounts, the instrument was nearly impossible to control. Of the three instruments built, only the last one, made in 1978 for Lydia Kavina, survives today.
• The Z.Vex Effects Fuzz Probe, Wah Probe and Tremolo Probe, using a theremin to control said effects. Z Vex Effects is a Boutique Effects pedal company based in Minneapolis Minnesota. The Fuzz Probe can be used as a theremin, as it can through feedback oscillation create tones of any pitch.
• The Haken Continuum Fingerboard uses a continuous, flat playing surface along which the player slides his fingers to create the desired pitch and timbre values. The Continuum Fingerboard is a music performance controller developed by Lippold Haken, a professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois Describable as "a continuous pitch controller that resembles a keyboard, but has no keys. "

See also

• American Museum of Radio and Electricity, which features a theremin that visitors can play
• The Pacific Science Center also has a theremin on display that guests can try to play. The American Museum of Radio and Electricity is an interactive Museum located in Bellingham Washington which offers educational experiences for audiences of all The Pacific Science Center is a Science museum in Seattle Washington. It is located in the lobby of the Boeing IMAX Theater building. The Boeing Company is a major Aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E IMAX (short for Image MAXimum is a Film format created by Canada 's IMAX Corporation that has the capacity to display images of far greater size and

References

Publications

• Rockmore, Clara (1998). Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Method for Theremin. Edited by David Miller & Jeffrey McFarland-Johnson. Made publicly available at [1] [pdf]
• Eyck, Carolina (2006). The Art of Playing the Theremin. Berlin: SERVI Verlag. ISBN 3-933757-08-8.  
• Glinsky, Albert (2000). Theremin: Ether Music and Espionage. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-02582-2.  

Film and video

• Martin, Steven M. (Director). (1995). Theremin: An Electronic Odyssey [Film and DVD]. Orion/MGM.
• Olsen, William (Director). (1995). Mastering the Theremin [Videotape (VHS) and DVD]. Moog Music and Little Big Films.

External links

• ThereminWorld.com
• ThereminVox.com
• oddmusic.com theremin page
• TECI: Theremin Enthusiasts Club International
• Theremin.info
• Candian actor and thereminist Peter Pringle's Theremen website, with pictures audio and text
• Clara Rockmore playing "The Swan" (Saint-Saëns)
• Ted.com: Pamelia Kurstin plays and discusses her theremin
• Dr. Samuel Hoffman, Hollywood's premiere thereminist
• Art's Theremin Page: Complete construction plans for solid state and vacuum tube theremins
• Theremin Music Gaining Popularity - Audio: KPLU's Bellamy Pailthorp reports.
• CamTheremin: A freeware program simulating theremin with your webcamera.
• Pekkanini Swedish composer and thereminist
• Musique:Criptogenique: Italian avant-garde pop artist Eugene playing theremin

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