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Therapeutic touch (TT), also called Non-Contact Therapeutic Touch (NCTT) or Distance Healing,[1] is an energy therapy claimed to promote healing and reduce pain and anxiety. Energy medicine is one of five domains of “complementary and Alternative medicine ” identified by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine TT practitioners say that by placing their hands on or near the patient they can detect and manipulate the patient's putative energy field. The term energy has been widely adopted into the fields of spirituality complementary medicine etc [2] There is no scientific evidence to support the claims made by TT; in fact, a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that TT practitioners could not even detect the presence or absence of a hand placed a few inches above theirs when their vision was obstructed. JAMA The Journal of the American Medical Association is an international peer-reviewed general Medical journal, published 48 times per year by the American [3][4][5] The existence of a "biofield" or "bioenergetic field," a necessary component of TT theory, directly contradicts many principles of modern physics, chemistry, and biology. Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles [6][7]

Energy therapy - edit
NCCAM classifications
  1. Alternative Medical Systems
  2. Mind-Body Intervention
  3. Biologically Based Therapy
  4. Manipulative Methods
  5. Energy Therapy
See also

Contents

Origin

Dora Kunz, theosophy promoter and one-time president of the Theosophical Society of America, and Dolores Krieger, Ph. Energy medicine is one of five domains of “complementary and Alternative medicine ” identified by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The term energy has been widely adopted into the fields of spirituality complementary medicine etc Chromotherapy, sometimes called color therapy or colorology, is an Alternative medicine method Electromagnetic therapy is a form of Alternative medicine which claims to treat disease by applying Electromagnetic energy to the body Polarity therapy is a " holistic " health system developed by Randolph Stone. is a Spiritual practice developed in 1922 by Mikao Usui. After three weeks of Fasting and Meditating on Mount Kurama, in Japan This is a glossary for terms and concepts being used in Complementary and Alternative Medicine ( CAM) an umbrella term for a large number of practices that fall The term alternative medicine, as used in the modern western world encompasses any healing practice "that does not fall within the realm of conventional Medicine. This article is about the philosophy introduced by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky D. , R. N. , nursing educator at New York University, developed Therapeutic Touch in the 1970s. New York University ( NYU) is a private, Nonsectarian, Coeducational Research University in New York City. [2][8][9]

Therapeutic Touch has roots in ancient healing practices,[10] such as laying on hands, although it has no connection with any religious beliefs. Dr. Krieger notes, "A basic recognition upon which Therapeutic Touch was developed initially was exactly that in the final analysis, it is the healee (client) who heals himself. The healer or therapist, in this view, acts as a human energy support system until the healee's own immunological system is robust enough to take over. "[11]

The creation of TT occurred as part of a larger movement supported by some within the nursing community away from the scientific method. Nursing is a Profession focused on assisting individuals families, and communities in attaining maintaining and recovering optimal Health Scientific method refers to bodies of Techniques for investigating phenomena This movement embraced anecdotal evidence at the expense of biological plausibility and testable evidence. The expression anecdotal evidence has two quite distinct meanings Other fringe nursing theories that emerged during the 1970s include the Theory of Transpersonal Caring and Health as Expanding Consciousness. [7] The American Holistic Nurses Association endorses TT along with astrology, prayer, psychic surgery, and chelation therapy (for uses other than treatment of acute toxic metal poisoning). Astrology (from Greek grc ἄστρον astron, "constellation star" and grc -λογία -logia) is a group of Systems Prayer is the act of attempting to communicate with a Deity or spirit Psychic surgery is a procedure typically involving the apparent creation of an Incision using only the bare hands the apparent removal of Pathological matter Chelation therapy is the administration of chelating agents to remove Heavy metals from the body [7][12]

Research

Attempting to study TT in 1996, the James Randi Educational Foundation and the Philadelphia Association for Critical Thinking (PhACT) sent invitations to more than 60 nursing organizations and individuals, including Dolores Krieger, offering $742,000 to any practitioner who could prove their ability to detect "biofields. The James Randi Educational Foundation ( JREF) is a Fort Lauderdale Florida Non-profit organization founded in 1996 by magician and " Only one practitioner responded, and the results were negative (she correctly identified only 11 of 20 subjects as either suffering from chronic pain or suffering no chronic medical conditions). While PhACT acknowledged that one test on one practitioner is not ground to dismiss the entire theory of TT, the fact that only one of the 40,000 possible respondents accepted the challenge calls into question TT practitioners' belief in their own work. [13]

In 1998, Emily Rosa, at 11 years of age, became the youngest person to have a paper accepted by the Journal of the American Medical Association for her study of therapeutic touch, which debunked the claims of TT practitioners. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Emily Rosa (born in 1987 an American from Loveland Colorado, became the youngest person ever to have a research paper published in a peer-reviewed medical journal JAMA The Journal of the American Medical Association is an international peer-reviewed general Medical journal, published 48 times per year by the American A debunker is an individual who discredits and exposes claims as being false exaggerated unscientific or pretentious Her study consisted of testing 21 practitioners of TT to determine their ability to detect the aura they claim surrounds everyone. The practitioners stood on one side of a cardboard screen, while Emily stood on the other. The practitioners then placed their hands through holes in the screen. Emily then flipped a coin to determine which of the practitioner's hands she would place hers near (without, of course, touching the hand). The practitioners then were to indicate if they could sense her biofield, and where her hand was. The term energy has been widely adopted into the fields of spirituality complementary medicine etc Although all of the participants had asserted that they would be able to do this, the actual results did not support their assertions. After repeated trials the practitioners had succeeded in locating her hand at a rate not significantly different from chance. They were right 44% of the time, slightly worse than chance. [14][15][8] Upon publishing the results, JAMA editor George D. Lundberg, M. D, recommended that patients and insurance companies alike refuse to pay for TT or at least question whether or not payment is appropriate ". . . until or unless additional honest experimentation demonstrates an actual effect. " Dr. Lundberg also commented that TT practitioners are ethically obligated to share the results of this study with patients. [8]

See also

References

  1. ^ Astin, John A. Facilitated communication (FC is a process by which a Facilitator supports the hand or arm of a communicatively impaired individual while using a keyboard or other is a Spiritual practice developed in 1922 by Mikao Usui. After three weeks of Fasting and Meditating on Mount Kurama, in Japan ; Harkness, Elaine; and Ernst, Edzard (June 6, 2000). "The Efficacy of "Distance Healing": A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials" (PDF). Annals of Internal Medicine 132 (11): 903-910.  
  2. ^ a b Bruno, Leonard C. (1999). "Therapeutic touch". Encyclopedia of Medicine. Gale Research. Retrieved on 2007-07-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death  
  3. ^ Therapeutic Touch Study Data
  4. ^ Glazer, Sarah. "Postmodern Nursing", The Public Interest. Retrieved on 2007-07-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death  
  5. ^ Rosa, Linda; Rosa, Emily; Sarner, Larry; and Barrett, Stephen (April 1, 1998). "A Close Look at Therapeutic Touch". Jounal of the American Medical Association 279 (13): 1005-1010. doi:10.1001/jama.279.13.1005. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  6. ^ [Stenger, Victor] (Spring/Summer 1999). "The Physics of 'Alternative Medicine' Bioenergetic Fields". The Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine 3 (1).  
  7. ^ a b c Junkfood Science Special: Trusting nurses with our lives by Sandy Szwarc, BSN, RN, CCP. July 6, 2007.
  8. ^ a b c Why Therapeutic Touch Should Be Considered Quackery by Stephen Barrett, M. D.
  9. ^ Theos-Talk Archives (April 2005 Message tt00332)
  10. ^ Krieger, Dolores (May 1975). "Therapeutic Touch: The Imprimatur of Nursing". The American Journal of Nursing 75 (5): 784-787.  
  11. ^ Krieger, Dolores (April 1, 1993). Accepting Your Power to Heal: The Personal Practice of Therapeutic Touch. Bear & Company, 7. ISBN 1879181045.  
  12. ^ Description of Healing Modalities, American Holistic Nurses Association.
  13. ^ A Scientific test of TT done by PhACT Date: 14 November 96 by Bob Glickman, R. N.
  14. ^ Glazer, Sarah. "Postmodern Nursing", The Public Interest. Retrieved on 2007-07-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death  
  15. ^ Rosa, Linda; Rosa, Emily; Sarner, Larry; and Barrett, Stephen (April 1, 1998). "A Close Look at Therapeutic Touch". Jounal of the American Medical Association 279 (13): 1005-1010. doi:10.1001/jama.279.13.1005. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  

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