Theodore Roosevelt (IPA: /ˈroʊzəvɛlt/[2]; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), also known as T. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting William McKinley Jr ( January 29, 1843 September 14, 1901) was the twenty-fifth President of the United States, and the last William Howard Taft (September 15 1857 – March 8 1930 was an American politician, the twenty-seventh President of the United States, the tenth Chief Justice The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting William McKinley Jr ( January 29, 1843 September 14, 1901) was the twenty-fifth President of the United States, and the last Garret Augustus Hobart (June 3 1844 &ndash November 21 1899 was the twenty-fourth Vice President of the United States. The United States Progressive Party of 1912 was a political party created by a split in the Republican Party in the presidential election of 1912. The United States presidential election of 1912 was fought among three major candidates two of whom had previously won election to the office Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Hiram Warren Johnson ( September 2, 1866 August 6, 1945) was a leading American progressive and later Isolationist Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28 1856—February 3 1924 was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. William Howard Taft (September 15 1857 – March 8 1930 was an American politician, the twenty-seventh President of the United States, the tenth Chief Justice William Howard Taft (September 15 1857 – March 8 1930 was an American politician, the twenty-seventh President of the United States, the tenth Chief Justice The Governor of New York is the head of the Executive branch of New York 's government and the Commander-in-chief of the state's military New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Timothy Lester Woodruff ( August 4, 1858 New Haven, New Haven County Connecticut - October 12, 1913) was an American Frank Swett Black ( March 8, 1853 - March 22, 1913) was a Governor and a Representative from New York. Benjamin Barker Odell Jr ( January 14, 1854 - May 9, 1926) was a U Assistant Secretary of the Navy ( ASN) is the title given to certain senior officials in the United States Department of the Navy. Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common William McKinley Jr ( January 29, 1843 September 14, 1901) was the twenty-fifth President of the United States, and the last Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The City of New York Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article refers to the hamlet. For the town in Nassau County, New York, see Town of Oyster Bay New York. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The History of the United States Republican Party is an account of the second oldest currently existing Political party in the United States The United States Progressive Party of 1912 was a political party created by a split in the Republican Party in the presidential election of 1912. Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt ( July 29, 1861 in Chestnut Hill Massachusetts &ndash February 14, 1884 in Manhattan New York Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt ( August 6, 1861 &ndash September 30, 1948) second wife of Theodore Roosevelt, was First Lady Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth ( February 12, 1884 &ndash February 20, 1980) was the oldest child of Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th Theodore Roosevelt Jr or Theodore Roosevelt II (November 13 1887-July 12 1944 was an American political and business leader a Medal of Honor recipient who Kermit Roosevelt I MC ( October 10, 1889 – June 4, 1943) was a son of U Ethel Carow Roosevelt Derby ( August 13, 1891 &ndash December 10, 1977) was the youngest daughter and fourth child of the President Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt ( April 9, 1894 – October 13, 1979) the fifth child of US President Theodore Roosevelt was Quentin Roosevelt ( November 19, 1897 &ndash July 14, 1918) was the youngest and favorite son of President Theodore Roosevelt Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval Columbia Law School, located in New York City, is one of the professional schools of Columbia University, a member of the Ivy League. Harvard College is the undergraduate section and oldest school of Harvard University, a Private university in the United States founded in 1636 by the Massachusetts A polymath ( Greek polymathēs, πολυμαθής "having learned much" is a person whose knowledge is not restricted to one subject area An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created See also History An historian is an individual who studies and writes about History, and is regarded as an Authority on it The conservation movement also known as nature conservation is a political social and to some extent scientific movement that seeks to protect natural resources including See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis Dutch Reformed Church (in Dutch: Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk or NHK was one of many branches of churches coming out of the Protestant Reformation in Europe The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common See also Colonel In the United States Army, the United States Marine Corps and the United States Air Force, colonel The Rough Riders was the name bestowed by the American press on the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry Regiment during the Spanish-American War The Battle of San Juan Hill ( July 1, 1898) was the bloodiest and most famous battle of the Spanish-American War. The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common R. , and to the public (but never to friends and intimates) as Teddy, was the twenty-sixth President of the United States, and a leader of the Republican Party and of the Progressive Movement. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by The History of the United States Republican Party is an account of the second oldest currently existing Political party in the United States Progressivism is a term that refers to a broad school of international social and political philosophies. He served in many roles including Governor of New York, historian, naturalist, explorer, author, and soldier. The Governor of New York is the head of the Executive branch of New York 's government and the Commander-in-chief of the state's military See also History An historian is an individual who studies and writes about History, and is regarded as an Authority on it Natural history is the Scientific research of Plants or Animals leaning more towards the Observational than Experimental methods An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created A soldier is a general English term that refers to a member of a land component of National Armed forces. He is most famous for his personality: his energy, his vast range of interests and achievements, his model of masculinity, and his "cowboy" persona. Teddy bears are named after him. The teddy bear is a stuffed Toy Bear. It is an enduring traditional form of a Stuffed animal, often serving the purpose of comforting children
As Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Roosevelt prepared for and advocated war with Spain in 1898. The United States Department of the Navy was established by an Act of Congress on April 30 1798 to provide administrative and technical support and civilian leadership The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries He organized and helped command the 1st U. S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment — the Rough Riders — during the Spanish-American War. The Rough Riders was the name bestowed by the American press on the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry Regiment during the Spanish-American War Returning to New York as a war hero, he was elected governor. He was a professional historian, a lawyer, a naturalist and explorer of the Amazon Basin; his 35 books include works on outdoor life, natural history, the American frontier, political history, naval history, and his autobiography. [3]
In 1901, as Vice President, the 42-year-old Roosevelt succeeded President William McKinley after McKinley's assassination by anarchist Leon Czolgosz. The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death William McKinley Jr ( January 29, 1843 September 14, 1901) was the twenty-fifth President of the United States, and the last The William McKinley Assassination occurred on September 6, 1901, at the Temple of Music in Buffalo, New York. Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i Leon Frank Czolgosz (Zol-gash (May 1873 Czolgosz was born in Alpena Michigan She later wrote a piece in defense of Czolgosz He is the youngest person to become President. [4] He was a Progressive reformer who sought to move the dominant Republican Party into the Progressive camp. The Progressive Era in the United States was a period of reform which lasted from the 1890s to the 1920s He distrusted wealthy businessmen and dissolved forty monopolistic corporations as a "trust buster". In Economics, a monopoly (from Greek monos, alone or single + polein, to sell exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient Trust-busting is any government activity designed to break up trusts or monopolies. He was clear, however, to show he did not disagree with trusts and capitalism in principle but was only against corrupt, illegal practices. In Common law legal systems a trust is an arrangement whereby Property (including real tangible and intangible is managed by one person (or persons or organizations Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where His "Square Deal" promised a fair shake for both the average citizen (through regulation of railroad rates and pure food and drugs) and the businessmen. The Square Deal was President Theodore Roosevelt 's domestic program primarily aimed at helping middle class citizens The Pure Food and Drug Act of June 30, 1906 is a United States federal law that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture He was the first U. S. president to call for universal health care and national health insurance. Universal health care is health care coverage which is extended to all eligible residents of a governmental region National health insurance is a form of health insurance that insures a population against meeting the costs associated with ill health [5][6] As an outdoorsman, he promoted the conservation movement, emphasizing efficient use of natural resources. The conservation movement also known as nature conservation is a political social and to some extent scientific movement that seeks to protect natural resources including After 1906 he attacked big business and suggested the courts were biased against labor unions. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming In 1910, he broke with his friend and anointed successor William Howard Taft, but lost the Republican nomination to Taft and ran in the 1912 election on his own one-time Bull Moose ticket. William Howard Taft (September 15 1857 – March 8 1930 was an American politician, the twenty-seventh President of the United States, the tenth Chief Justice The United States presidential election of 1912 was fought among three major candidates two of whom had previously won election to the office The United States Progressive Party of 1912 was a political party created by a split in the Republican Party in the presidential election of 1912. He beat Taft in the popular vote and pulled so many Progressives out of the Republican Party that Democrat Woodrow Wilson won in 1912, and the conservative faction took control of the Republican Party for the next two decades. Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28 1856—February 3 1924 was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. Conservatism in the United States includes a variety of political ideologies including Fiscal conservatism, Supply-side economics, Social conservatism
Roosevelt negotiated for the U. S. to take control of the Panama Canal and its construction in 1904; he felt the Canal's completion was his most important and historically significant international achievement. The Panama Canal is a man-made Canal in Panama which joins the He was the first American to be awarded the Nobel Prize, winning its Peace Prize in 1906, for negotiating the peace in the Russo-Japanese War. The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September
Historian Thomas Bailey, who disagreed with Roosevelt's policies, nevertheless concluded, "Roosevelt was a great personality, a great activist, a great preacher of the moralities, a great controversialist, a great showman. Thomas Andrew Bailey (born December 14, 1902 - died July 26, 1983) was a professor of history at Stanford University and authored He dominated his era as he dominated conversations. . . . the masses loved him; he proved to be a great popular idol and a great vote getter. "[7] His image stands alongside Washington, Jefferson and Lincoln on Mount Rushmore. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal Mount Rushmore National Memorial, near Keystone, South Dakota, is a monumental Granite sculpture by Gutzon Borglum (1867–1941 located Surveys of scholars have consistently ranked him from third to seventh on the list of greatest American presidents. In Political science, historical rankings of United States Presidents are surveys conducted in order to construct rankings of the success of individuals who have served
Contents
|
Childhood, education and personal life
Theodore Roosevelt was born in a four-story brownstone at 28 East 20th Street, in the modern-day Gramercy section of New York City, the second of four children of Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. (1831–1877) and Mittie Bulloch (1834–1884). Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site is a recreated Brownstone at 28 E Gramercy, a real-estate term extending fashionable Gramercy Park, is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, focused around The City of New York Theodore Roosevelt Sr ( September 22, 1831 – February 9, 1878) was the father of U Martha Bulloch Roosevelt ( July 8, 1835 &ndash February 14, 1884) was the mother of US President Theodore Roosevelt and the paternal He had an elder sister Anna, nicknamed "Bamie" as a child and "Bye" as an adult for being always on the go, and two younger siblings—his brother Elliott (the father of Eleanor Roosevelt) and his sister Corinne (grandmother of newspaper columnists Joseph and Stewart Alsop). Anna Roosevelt Cowles ( January 18, 1855 &ndash August 25, 1931) was the older sister of United States President Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt ( February 28[[ 860]]- August 14[[ 894]] was the father of Anna Eleanor Roosevelt and the brother of U Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (ˈɛlɪnɔr ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 11 1884 &ndash November 7 1962 Corinne Roosevelt Robinson ( September 27, 1861 - February 17, 1933) was the younger sister of former President of the United States A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Joseph Wright Alsop V ( October 11, 1910 &ndash August 28, 1989) was an American journalist and syndicated newspaper columnist from Stewart Johonnot Oliver Alsop ( May 17, 1914 &ndash May 26, 1974) was an American newspaper columnist and political analyst
The Roosevelts had been in New York since the mid-17th century and had grown with the emerging New York commerce class after the American Revolution. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Roosevelt was born into a wealthy family; by the 19th century, the family had grown in wealth, power and influence from the profits of several businesses including hardware and plate-glass importing. The family was strongly Democratic in its political affiliation until the mid-1850s, then joined the new Republican Party. The History of the United States Democratic Party is an account of the oldest Political party in the United States and arguably TalkDemocratic The History of the United States Republican Party is an account of the second oldest currently existing Political party in the United States Theodore's father, known in the family as "Thee", was a New York City philanthropist, merchant, and partner in the family glass-importing firm Roosevelt and Son. Philanthropy is the act of donating money goods services time and/or effort to support a socially beneficial cause with a defined objective and with no financial or material He was a prominent supporter of Abraham Lincoln and the Union effort during the American Civil War. Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South His mother Mittie Bulloch was a Southern belle from a slave-owning family in Savannah, Georgia and had quiet Confederate sympathies. Slavery in the United States began soon after English colonists first settled Virginia in 1607 and lasted until the passage of the Thirteenth Savannah is a city located in the state of Georgia, United States. The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Mittie's brother, Theodore's uncle, James Dunwoody Bulloch, was a United States Navy officer who became a Confederate admiral and naval procurement agent in Britain. James Dunwoody Bulloch ( 25 June[[ 823]] &ndash 7 January[[ 901]] was the Confederate States of America 's chief foreign agent in Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 Another uncle, Irvine Bulloch, was a midshipman on the Confederate raider CSS Alabama; both remained in England after the war. Irvine Stephens Bulloch ( 25 June[[ 842]] &ndash 7 January[[ 898]] was an officer in the Confederate Navy and the youngest officer on the famed warship History Construction Alabama was built in secrecy by British shipbuilders John Laird Sons and Company in Liverpool, Merseyside [8] From his grandparents' home, a young Roosevelt witnessed Abraham Lincoln's funeral procession in New York.
Sickly and asthmatic as a youngster, Roosevelt had to sleep propped up in bed or slouching in a chair during much of his early childhood, and had frequent ailments. Asthma is a chronic Condition involving the Respiratory system in which the airways occasionally constrict become inflamed, and are Despite his illnesses, he was a hyperactive and often mischievous young man. His lifelong interest in zoology was formed at age seven upon seeing a dead seal at a local market. Zoology (from Greek ζῷον, zoon, "animal" + λόγος, " Logos " "knowledge" is the branch of Pinnipeds ("fin-feet" lit "winged feet" or fin-footed mammals are a widely distributed and diverse group of semi-aquatic marine Mammals comprising After obtaining the seal's head, the young Roosevelt and two of his cousins formed what they called the "Roosevelt Museum of Natural History". Learning the rudiments of taxidermy, he filled his makeshift museum with many animals that he killed or caught, studied, and prepared for display. Taxidermy ( Greek for "skin arrangement" is the art of mounting or reproducing Animals for display (e At age nine, he codified his observation of insects with a paper titled "The Natural History of Insects". [9]
To combat his poor physical condition, his father compelled the young Roosevelt to take up exercise. To deal with bullies, Roosevelt started boxing lessons. Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, [10] Two trips abroad had a permanent impact: family tours of Europe in 1869 and 1870, and of the Middle East 1872 to 1873. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East.
Theodore Sr. had a tremendous influence on his son. Of him Roosevelt wrote, "My father, Theodore Roosevelt, was the best man I ever knew. He combined strength and courage with gentleness, tenderness, and great unselfishness. He would not tolerate in us children selfishness or cruelty, idleness, cowardice, or untruthfulness. "[11] Roosevelt's sister later wrote, "He told me frequently that he never took any serious step or made any vital decision for his country without thinking first what position his father would have taken. "[12]
Young "Teedie", as he was nicknamed as a child, (the nickname "Teddy" was from his first wife, Alice Hathaway Lee, and he later harbored an intense dislike for it) was mostly home schooled by tutors and his parents. A leading biographer says: "The most obvious drawback to the home schooling Roosevelt received was uneven coverage of the various areas of human knowledge. " He was solid in geography (thanks to his careful observations on all his travels) and very well read in history, strong in biology, French and German, but deficient in mathematics, Latin and Greek. Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly [13] He matriculated at Harvard College in 1876, graduating magna cum laude. Harvard College is the undergraduate section and oldest school of Harvard University, a Private university in the United States founded in 1636 by the Massachusetts Latin honors are Latin phrases used to indicate the level of academic distinction with which an Academic degree was earned His father's death in 1878 was a tremendous blow, but Roosevelt redoubled his activities. He did well in science, philosophy and rhetoric courses but fared poorly in Latin and Greek. Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Rhetoric has had many definitions no simple definition can do it justice He studied biology with great interest and indeed was already an accomplished naturalist and published ornithologist. Ornithology (from Greek ὄρνις ὄρνιθος ornis, ornithos, "bird" and λόγος logos, "knowledge" is the branch of He had a photographic memory and developed a life-long habit of devouring books, memorizing every detail. Eidetic memory, photographic memory, or total recall is the ability to recall Images Sounds, or objects in Memory [14] He was an eloquent conversationalist who, throughout his life, sought out the company of the smartest people. He could multitask in extraordinary fashion, dictating letters to one secretary and memoranda to another, while browsing through a new book.
While at Harvard, Roosevelt was active in rowing, boxing and the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity. The Split Since the 1992 split the Fraternity and the Society are completely separate and independent legal entities with separate governing bodies and are not separate or parallel He also edited a student magazine. He was runner-up in the Harvard boxing championship, losing to C. S. Hanks. The sportsmanship he showed in that fight was long remembered. Upon graduating from Harvard, he underwent a physical examination and his doctor advised him that due to serious heart problems, he should find a desk job and avoid strenuous activity. He chose to embrace strenuous life instead. [15]
He graduated Phi Beta Kappa and magna cum laude (22nd of 177) from Harvard in 1880, and entered Columbia Law School. The Phi Beta Kappa Society is an academic Honor society with the mission of "fostering and recognizing excellence" in the Undergraduate Liberal arts Columbia Law School, located in New York City, is one of the professional schools of Columbia University, a member of the Ivy League. When offered a chance to run for New York Assemblyman in 1881, he dropped out of law school to pursue his new goal of entering public life. The New York State Assembly is the Lower house of the New York Legislature, the state legislature of the U [16]
Roosevelt was a Republican activist during his years in the Assembly, writing more bills than any other New York state legislator. The History of the United States Republican Party is an account of the second oldest currently existing Political party in the United States Already a major player in state politics, he attended the Republican National Convention in 1884 and fought alongside the Mugwump reformers; they lost to the Stalwart faction that nominated James G. Blaine. The Republican National Convention is the presidential nominating convention of the Republican Party of the United States. The Mugwumps were Republican political activists who supported Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States presidential election of The " Stalwarts " were a faction of the United States Republican Party toward the end of the 19th century James Gillespie Blaine ( January 31, 1830 &ndash January 27, 1893) was a U Refusing to join other Mugwumps in supporting Democrat Grover Cleveland, the Democratic nominee, he debated with his friend Henry Cabot Lodge the plusses and minuses of staying loyal or straying. Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18 1837 June 24 1908 was both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. The History of the United States Democratic Party is an account of the oldest Political party in the United States and arguably TalkDemocratic This article is about Henry Cabot Lodge (1850-1924 a US politician in the early twentieth century When asked by a reporter whether he would support Blaine, he replied, "That question I decline to answer. It is a subject I do not care to talk about. "[17] Upon leaving the convention, he complained "off the record" to a reporter about Blaine's nomination. But, in probably the most crucial moment of his young political career, he resisted the very instinct to bolt from the Party that would overwhelm his political sense in 1912. In an account of the Convention, another reporter quoted him as saying that he would give "hearty support to any decent Democrat. " He would later take great (and to some historical critics such as Henry Pringle, rather disingenuous) pains to distance himself from his own earlier comment, indicating that while he made it, it had not been made "for publication. "[18]
First marriage
Alice Hathaway Lee (July 29, 1861 in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts – February 14, 1884 in Manhattan, New York) was the first wife of Theodore Roosevelt and mother of their only child together, Alice Lee Roosevelt. Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt ( July 29, 1861 in Chestnut Hill Massachusetts &ndash February 14, 1884 in Manhattan New York Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article is about the neighborhood in Greater Boston. See also Chestnut Hill Belchertown Massachusetts, and Chestnut Hill Blackstone Massachusetts Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth ( February 12, 1884 &ndash February 20, 1980) was the oldest child of Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th Alice Roosevelt died of an undiagnosed case of Bright's disease two days after Alice Lee was born. Bright's disease is a historical classification of kidney diseases that would be described in modern Medicine as acute or chronic Nephritis Theodore Roosevelt's mother Mittie died of typhoid fever in the same house on the same day. Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, bilious fever, Yellow Jack or commonly just typhoid, is an illness caused by the Bacterium After the simultaneous deaths of his mother and wife, Roosevelt left his daughter in the care of his sister in New York and moved out to Dakota Territory. Dakota Territory was the name of an organized territory of the United States that existed from 1861 to 1889
Life in Badlands
Roosevelt built a second ranch, which he named Elk Horn, thirty-five miles (56 km) north of the boomtown of Medora, North Dakota. Medora is a city in Billings County, North Dakota in the United States. On the banks of the Little Missouri, Roosevelt learned to ride, rope, and hunt. The Little Missouri River is a tributary of the Missouri River, 560 mi (901 km long in the northern Great Plains of the United States. He rebuilt his life and began writing about frontier life for Eastern magazines. As a deputy sheriff, Roosevelt hunted down three outlaws who stole his river boat and were escaping north with it up the Little Missouri. Capturing them, he decided against hanging them, and sending his foreman back by boat, he took the thieves back overland for trial in Dickinson, guarding them forty hours without sleep and reading Tolstoy to keep himself awake. Demographics Climite Education K-12 Dickinson is served by the Dickinson Public Schools system which includes five elementary This article is about the Tolstoy family, for other meanings see Tolstoy (disambiguation Tolstoy, or Tolstoi When he ran out of his own books, he read a dime store western that one of the thieves was carrying. This article is about US novels For the British versions see Story papers and Penny Dreadfuls.
While working on a tough project aimed at hunting down a group of relentless horse thieves, Roosevelt came across the famous Deadwood, South Dakota Sheriff Seth Bullock. Deadwood, named for the dead trees found in its Gulch, is a city in and the County seat of Lawrence County, South Dakota, South Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. SHERIFF is a telecom fraud detection and management system originally developed by BT and MCI. Seth Bullock ( July 23, 1849 &ndash September 23, 1919) was a western sheriff hardware store owner and U The two would remain friends for life. (Morris, Rise of, 241–245, 247–250)
After the uniquely severe U. S. winter of 1886-1887 wiped out his herd of cattle and his $60,000 investment (together with those of his competitors), he returned to the East, where in 1885 he had built Sagamore Hill in Oyster Bay, New York. The Winter of 1886-1887 was an extremely harsh Winter. Although it affected other regions in the United States it is most known for its effects on the Western United States This article refers to the hamlet. For the town in Nassau County, New York, see Town of Oyster Bay New York. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous It would be his home and estate until his death. Roosevelt ran as the Republican candidate for mayor of New York City in 1886 as "The Cowboy of the Dakotas"; he came in third.
Second marriage
Following the election, he went to London in 1886 and married his childhood sweetheart, Edith Kermit Carow. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt ( August 6, 1861 &ndash September 30, 1948) second wife of Theodore Roosevelt, was First Lady [19] They honeymooned in Europe, and Roosevelt led a party to the summit of Mont Blanc, a feat which resulted in his induction into the British Royal Society. Mont Blanc Massif The Mont Blanc ( French for white mountain) or Monte Bianco ( Italian 'White Mountain' also The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 [20] They had five children: Theodore Jr., Kermit, Ethel Carow, Archibald Bulloch "Archie", and Quentin. Theodore Roosevelt Jr or Theodore Roosevelt II (November 13 1887-July 12 1944 was an American political and business leader a Medal of Honor recipient who Kermit Roosevelt I MC ( October 10, 1889 – June 4, 1943) was a son of U Ethel Carow Roosevelt Derby ( August 13, 1891 &ndash December 10, 1977) was the youngest daughter and fourth child of the President Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt ( April 9, 1894 – October 13, 1979) the fifth child of US President Theodore Roosevelt was Quentin Roosevelt ( November 19, 1897 &ndash July 14, 1918) was the youngest and favorite son of President Theodore Roosevelt [21]
Historian
Roosevelt's definitive 1882 book The Naval War of 1812 was standard history for two generations. Roosevelt undertook extensive and original research, computing British and American man-of-war broadside throw weights. A man-of-war (also man of war, man-o'-war or simply man) is an armed naval vessel A broadside is the side of a Ship; the battery of Cannon on one side of a Warship; or their simultaneous (or near simultaneous fire in [22] However, his biographies of Thomas Hart Benton (1887) and Gouverneur Morris (1888) are considered hastily-written and superficial. Thomas Hart Benton nicknamed "Old Bullion" ( March 14, 1782 &ndash April 10, 1858) was a U Gouverneur Morris ( January 31, 1752 November 6, 1816) was an American statesman who represented Pennsylvania in the [23] His four-volume history of the frontier titled The Winning of the West (1889–1896) had a notable impact on historiography, as it presented a highly original version of the frontier thesis elaborated upon by his friend Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893. The Frontier Thesis or Turner Thesis is the conclusion of Frederick Jackson Turner that the wellsprings of American exceptionalism and vitality have always For other people of this same name see Frederick Jackson and Frederick Turner Frederick Jackson Turner ( November 14, 1861
Roosevelt argued the frontier conditions created a new race: the American people that replaced the "scattered savage tribes, whose life was but a few degrees less meaningless, squalid, and ferocious than that of the wild beasts with whom they held joint ownership. The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing Humans into Populations or groups on the basis of various sets " He believed, "the conquest and settlement by the whites of the Indian lands was necessary to the greatness of the race and to the well-being of civilized mankind. " His many articles in upscale magazines provided a much-needed income. He was later chosen president of the American Historical Association. The American Historical Association ( AHA) is the oldest and largest society of Historians and Teachers of History in the United States
Views on race
In The Winning of the West (1889–1896), Roosevelt's frontier thesis stressed a racial struggle between "civilization" (white, especially Germanic peoples) and supposed savagery (of people of color). Excerpts:
- "The settler and pioneer have at bottom had justice on their side; this great continent could not have been kept as nothing but a game preserve for squalid savages. "
- "The most ultimately righteous of all wars is a war with savages. "
- "American and Indian, Boer and Zulu, Cossack and Tartar, New Zealander and Maori, — in each case the victor, horrible though many of his deeds are, has laid deep the foundations for the future greatness of a mighty people. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Boer (ˈbuːr in Dutch ˈbʊɚ/ /boʊɚ or /ˈbɔr/ in English is the Dutch word for Farmer which came to denote the descendants of the proto Afrikaans The Zulu ( IsiZulu: amaZulu) are the largest South African ethnic group of an estimated 10-11 million people who live mainly in the province of KwaZulu-Natal The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern New Zealand European Pākehā are New Zealanders of predominantly European ancestry This article discusses the Māori people of New Zealand For their language see Māori language, and for other meanings see Māori (disambiguation. "
- ". . it is of incalculable importance that America, Australia, and Siberia should pass out of the hands of their red, black, and yellow aboriginal owners, and become the heritage of the dominant world races. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving "
- "The world would have halted had it not been for the Teutonic conquests in alien lands; but the victories of Moslem over Christian have always proved a curse in the end. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Nothing but sheer evil has come from the victories of Turk and Tartar. "
In Brownsville, Texas, racial tensions were high between white townsfolk and black infantrymen stationed at Fort Brown. Brownsville is a city in and the County seat of Cameron County, Texas, United States. Two white townspeople were murdered and the townsfolk blamed the infantrymen. Roosevelt immediately dishonorably discharged all soldiers in the three all black companies (that fought alongside Roosevelt in the Spanish American War) due to their "conspiracy of silence. " Further investigations in the 1970s found they were not involved and they were pardoned by President Nixon.
Some notable events in Theodore Roosevelt's life include:
- Inviting African American reformer Booker T. Washington to a dinner at the White House, an action which caused outrage among many newspapers in the South, which objected to "mixing of the races on social occasions. Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5 1856 &ndash November 14 1915 was an American educator orator author and leader of the African-American community See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive "
- Appointed the Collector of the Port of Charleston post to an African-American, Dr. Charleston is a city in Charleston county in the US state of South Carolina. William D. Crum, and when he was urged to withdraw the appointment, wrote the following:
- I do not intend to appoint any unfit man to office. So far as I legitimately can, I shall always endeavor to pay regard to the wishes and feelings of the people of each locality; but I cannot consent to take the position that the doorway of hope - the door of opportunity - is to be shut upon any man, no matter how worthy, purely upon the grounds of race or color. Such an attitude would, according to my contentions, be fundamentally wrong.
- Defended the Postmaster of Indianola, Mississippi, Minnie D. Postmaster (or Postmistress) refers to the head of an individual Post office. Indianola is a city in Sunflower County, Mississippi, United States. Cox. She was an African-American, and on that basis alone she was threatened with mob violence and was forced to resign. Roosevelt took action by closing the post office there, ignoring her resignation, and still paying her what she was due as if nothing had happened. [24]
Return to public life
In the 1888 presidential election, Roosevelt campaigned in the Midwest for Benjamin Harrison. The United States Presidential Election of 1888 was held on November 6 1888 Benjamin Harrison (August 20 1833 &ndash March 13 1901 was the twenty-third President of the United States, serving one term from 1889 to 1893 President Harrison appointed Roosevelt to the United States Civil Service Commission, where he served until 1895. The United States Civil Service Commission was created by the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which was passed into law on 16 January 1883. [25] In his term, he vigorously fought the spoilsmen and demanded the enforcement of civil service laws. In the Politics of the United States, a spoils system is an informal practice where a political party after winning an election gives government jobs to its voters as a reward In spite of Roosevelt's support for Harrison's reelection bid in the presidential election of 1892, the eventual winner, Grover Cleveland (a Bourbon Democrat), reappointed him to the same post. The United States presidential election of 1892 was held on November 8 1892 Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18 1837 June 24 1908 was both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. Bourbon Democrat was a term used in the United States from 1876 to 1904 to refer to a conservative or Classical liberal member of the Democratic Party
Roosevelt became president of the board of New York City Police Commissioners in 1895. The New York City Police Commissioner is the head of the New York City Police Department, appointed by the Mayor of New York City. During the two years he held this post, Roosevelt radically reformed the police department. The police force was reputed as one of the most corrupt in America. The NYPD's history division records that Roosevelt was "an iron-willed leader of unimpeachable honesty, (who) brought a reforming zeal to the New York City Police Commission in 1895. "[26] Roosevelt and his fellow commissioners established new disciplinary rules, created a bicycle squad to police New York's traffic problems and standardized the use of pistols by officers. A Police bicycle is a Land vehicle used by police departments most commonly in the form of a Mountain bicycle. [27] Roosevelt implemented regular inspections of firearms, annual physical exams, appointed 1,600 new recruits based on their physical and mental qualifications and not on political affiliation, established meritorious service medals, and shut down corrupt police hostelries. During his tenure, a Municipal Lodging House was established by the Board of Charities, and Roosevelt required officers to register with the Board. He also had telephones installed in station houses. Always an energetic man, he made a habit of walking officers' beats late at night and early in the morning to make sure they were on duty. [28] He became caught up in public disagreements with commissioner Parker, who sought to negate or delay the promotion of many officers put forward by Roosevelt.
Assistant Secretary of the Navy
Roosevelt had always been fascinated by naval history. Urged by Roosevelt's close friend, Congressman Henry Cabot Lodge, President William McKinley appointed a delighted Roosevelt to the post of Assistant Secretary of the Navy in 1897. This article is about Henry Cabot Lodge (1850-1924 a US politician in the early twentieth century William McKinley Jr ( January 29, 1843 September 14, 1901) was the twenty-fifth President of the United States, and the last Assistant Secretary of the Navy ( ASN) is the title given to certain senior officials in the United States Department of the Navy. (Because of the inactivity of Secretary of the Navy John D. Long at the time, this basically gave Roosevelt control over the department. The United States Secretary of the Navy ( SECNAV) is the Civilian head of the Department of the Navy. John Davis Long ( October 27, 1838 August 28, 1915) was a US Political figure. ) Roosevelt was instrumental in preparing the Navy for the Spanish-American War[29] and was an enthusiastic proponent of testing the U. S. military in battle, at one point stating "I should welcome almost any war, for I think this country needs one". [30][31]
War in Cuba
Upon the 1898 Declaration of War launching the Spanish-American War, Roosevelt resigned from the Navy Department. The Battle of San Juan Hill ( July 1, 1898) was the bloodiest and most famous battle of the Spanish-American War. The Rough Riders was the name bestowed by the American press on the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry Regiment during the Spanish-American War A declaration of war is a formal performative Speech act or signing of a document by an authorised party of a government in order to initate a state of War With the aid of U. S. Army Colonel Leonard Wood, Roosevelt found volunteers from cowboys from the Western territories to Ivy League friends from New York, forming the First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment. Leonard Wood (9 October 1860 &ndash 7 August 1927 was a Physician who served as the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Military Governor of Cuba A cowboy is an animal Herder who tends Cattle on Ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback and often performs a multitude of The Ivy League is an Athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The Rough Riders was the name bestowed by the American press on the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry Regiment during the Spanish-American War The newspapers called them the "Rough Riders. "
Originally Roosevelt held the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and served under Colonel Wood, but after Wood was promoted to Brigadier General of Volunteer Forces, Roosevelt was promoted to Colonel and given command of the Regiment. Lieutenant Colonel ( Lieutenant-Colonel in English from the French grade 's spelling is a rank of Commissioned officer in the armies Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. .
Under his leadership, the Rough Riders became famous for dual charges up Kettle Hill and San Juan Hill on July 1, 1898 (the battle was named after the latter "hill," which was the shoulder of a ridge known as San Juan Heights). The Battle of San Juan Hill ( July 1, 1898) was the bloodiest and most famous battle of the Spanish-American War. The Battle of San Juan Hill ( July 1, 1898) was the bloodiest and most famous battle of the Spanish-American War. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Out of all the Rough Riders, Roosevelt was the only one with a horse, and used it to ride back and forth between rifle pits at the forefront of the advance up Kettle Hill; an advance which he urged in absence of any orders from superiors. However, he was forced to walk up the last part of Kettle Hill on foot, due to barbed wire entanglement and after his horse, Little Texas, became tired.
For his actions, Roosevelt was nominated for the Medal of Honor which was subsequently disapproved. The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. It has been widely speculated this disapproval was because of Roosevelt's outspoken comments on the handling of the war. In September 1997, Congressman Rick Lazio, representing the 2nd District of New York, sent two award recommendations to the U. Enrico Anthony "Rick" Lazio (born March 13, 1958) is a former U S. Army Military Awards Branch. These recommendations, addressed to Brigadier General Earl Simms, the Army's Adjutant General, and Master Sergeant Gary Soots, Chief of Authorizations, would prove successful in garnering the much sought after award. [32] Roosevelt was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor in 2001 for his actions. [33] He was the first and, as of 2007, the only President of the United States to be awarded with America's highest military honor, and the only person in history to receive both his nation's highest honor for military valor and the world's foremost prize for peace. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [34] (His oldest son Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. would also posthumously be awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions at Normandy on June 6, 1944. Theodore Roosevelt Jr or Theodore Roosevelt II (November 13 1887-July 12 1944 was an American political and business leader a Medal of Honor recipient who The Normandy Landings were the first operations of the Allied Invasion of Normandy, also known as Operation Neptune and Operation Overlord, during Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [35])
After his return to civilian life, Roosevelt preferred to be known as "Colonel Roosevelt" or "The Colonel. " As a moniker, "Teddy" remained much more popular with the general public; however, political friends and others working closely with Roosevelt customarily addressed him by his rank.
Governor and Vice President
On leaving the Army, Roosevelt was elected governor of New York in 1898 as a Republican. He made such a concerted effort to root out corruption and "machine politics" that Republican boss Thomas Collier Platt forced him on McKinley as a running mate in the 1900 election, against the wishes of McKinley's manager, Senator Mark Hanna. A political machine is an unofficial system of a political organization based on Patronage, the Spoils system, "behind-the-scenes" control and longstanding Thomas Collier Platt ( July 15, 1833 &ndash March 6, 1910) -- a two-term member of the U The United States presidential election of 1900 was held on November 6 1900 Marcus Alonzo Hanna ( September 24, 1837 &ndash February 15, 1904) best known as Mark Hanna, was an American Industrialist Roosevelt was a powerful campaign asset for the Republican ticket, which defeated William Jennings Bryan in a landslide based on restoration of prosperity at home and a successful war and new prestige abroad. For other persons of the same name see William Bryan and William Jennings. Bryan stumped for Free Silver again, but McKinley's promise of prosperity through the gold standard, high tariffs, and the restoration of business confidence enlarged his margin of victory. Free Silver was an important political issue in the late 19th century United States. The gold standard is a monetary system in which a region's common media of exchange are paper notes that are normally freely convertible into pre-set fixed quantities of Gold Bryan had strongly supported the war against Spain, but denounced the annexation of the Philippines as imperialism that would spoil America's innocence. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Roosevelt countered with many speeches that argued it was best for the Filipinos to have stability, and the Americans to have a proud place in the world. Roosevelt's six months as Vice President (March to September 1901) were uneventful. [36] On September 2, 1901, at the Minnesota State Fair, Roosevelt first used in a public speech a saying that would later be universally associated with him: "Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far."
Presidency 1901–1909
At the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York, on September 6, 1901, President McKinley was shot by Leon Czolgosz (Zol-gash). Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Minnesota State Fair is the State fair of the US state of Minnesota. Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th (1901&ndash1909 President of the United States. The Pan-American Exposition was a World's Fair held in Buffalo New York, United States, from May 1 through November 2, 1901 Buffalo (ˈbʌfəloʊ is the second largest city in New York State. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting William McKinley Jr ( January 29, 1843 September 14, 1901) was the twenty-fifth President of the United States, and the last Leon Frank Czolgosz (Zol-gash (May 1873 Czolgosz was born in Alpena Michigan She later wrote a piece in defense of Czolgosz Roosevelt had been mountain climbing with his family when he heard the news. He rushed to Buffalo, but after being assured the President would recover, he went on a planned family camping and hiking trip to Mount Marcy. In the mountains, a runner notified him McKinley was on his death bed. Roosevelt pondered with his wife, Edith, how best to respond, not wanting to show up in Buffalo and wait on McKinley's death. Roosevelt was rushed by a series of stagecoaches to North Creek train station. At the station, Roosevelt was handed a telegram that said President McKinley died at 2:30 AM that morning. Roosevelt continued by train from North Creek to Buffalo. He arrived in Buffalo later that day, accepting an invitation to stay at the home of Ansley Wilcox, a prominent lawyer and friend since the early 1880s when they had both worked closely with New York State Governor Grover Cleveland on civil service reform. Ansley Wilcox ( January 27, 1856 - January 26, 1930) was an American Scholar, Oxford graduate lawyer Civil service Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18 1837 June 24 1908 was both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States.
Roosevelt took the oath of office in the Ansley Wilcox House at Buffalo, borrowing Wilcox's morning coat. Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site preserves the Ansley Wilcox House at 641 Delaware Avenue in Buffalo New York. Roosevelt did not swear on a Bible,[37] in contrast to the usual tradition of US presidents. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin [38] Expressing the fears of many old-line Republicans, Mark Hanna lamented "that damned cowboy is president now. Marcus Alonzo Hanna ( September 24, 1837 &ndash February 15, 1904) best known as Mark Hanna, was an American Industrialist "[39] Roosevelt was the youngest person to assume the presidency, at 42, and he promised to continue McKinley's cabinet and his basic policies. The United States Cabinet (usually simplified as "the Cabinet" is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the Executive branch of the Federal government Roosevelt did so, but after winning election in 1904, he moved to the political left, stretching his ties to the Republican Party's conservative leaders. The United States presidential election of 1904 was held on November 8 1904 [40]
Anthracite coal strike of 1902
A national emergency was averted in 1902 when Roosevelt found a compromise to the anthracite coal strike by the United Mine Workers of America that threatened the heating supplies of most urban homes. The Coal Strike of 1902 was a strike by the United Mine Workers of America in the Anthracite coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania. Template talkInfobox Union for usage -->The United Mine Workers of America ( UMW or UMWA) is a North Roosevelt called the mine owners and the labor leaders to the White House and negotiated a compromise. Miners were on strike for 163 days before it ended; they were granted a 10% pay increase and a 9-hour day (from the previous 10 hours), but the union was not officially recognized, and the price of coal went up. [41]
Square Deal and regulation of industry
Roosevelt promised to continue McKinley's program, and at first he worked closely with McKinley's men. His 20,000-word address to the Congress in December 1901 asked Congress to curb the power of trusts "within reasonable limits. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses A special trust or business trust is business entity formed with intent to monopolize business to restrain trade, or to fix prices. " They did not act but Roosevelt did, issuing 44 lawsuits against major corporations; he was called the "trust-buster". Trust-busting is any government activity designed to break up trusts or monopolies.
Roosevelt firmly believed: "The Government must in increasing degree supervise and regulate the workings of the railways engaged in interstate commerce. " Inaction was a danger, he argued: "Such increased supervision is the only alternative to an increase of the present evils on the one hand or a still more radical policy on the other. "[42]
His biggest success was passage of the Hepburn Act of 1906, the provisions of which were to be regulated by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC). The Hepburn Act ( 59th Congress, Sess 1 ch 3591, enacted June 29[[ 906]] gave the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC the power to set maximum The Interstate Commerce Commission (or ICC) was a Regulatory body in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 which was signed The most important provision of the Act gave the ICC the power to replace existing rates with "just-and-reasonable" maximum rates, with the ICC to define what was just and reasonable. Anti-rebate provisions were toughened, free passes were outlawed, and the penalties for violation were increased. Finally, the ICC gained the power to prescribe a uniform system of accounting, require standardized reports, and inspect railroad accounts. The Act made ICC orders binding; that is, the railroads had to either obey or contest the ICC orders in federal court. To speed the process, appeals from the district courts would go directly to the U.S. Supreme Court. The United States district courts are the general Trial courts of the United States federal court system. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary.
In response to public clamor (and due to the uproar cause by Upton Sinclair's book The Jungle), Roosevelt pushed Congress to pass the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, as well as the Meat Inspection Act of 1906. Upton Beall Sinclair Jr ( September 20, 1878 &ndash November 25, 1968) was a Pulitzer The Jungle is a 1906 novel written by Author and socialist Journalist Upton Sinclair. The Pure Food and Drug Act of June 30, 1906 is a United States federal law that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture The Meat Inspection Act of 1906 was a United States federal law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to inspect and condemn any meat product found unfit These laws provided for labeling of foods and drugs, inspection of livestock and mandated sanitary conditions at meatpacking plants. Congress replaced Roosevelt's proposals with a version supported by the major meatpackers who worried about the overseas markets, and did not want small unsanitary plants undercutting their domestic market. [43]
Election in 1904
Theodore Roosevelt was the fifth Vice President to succeed to the office of President, but the first to win election in his own right. The United States presidential election of 1904 was held on November 8 1904 (Millard Fillmore ran and lost on a third-party ticket four years after leaving office, and Chester Arthur was denied nomination by his party in 1884). Millard Fillmore ( January 7 1800 &ndash March 8 1874 was the thirteenth President of the United States, serving from 1850 until 1853 and the last member of the Whig Chester Alan Arthur (October 5 1829 &ndash November 18 1886 was an American politician who served as the twenty-first President of the United States. After Senator Mark Hanna, McKinley's old campaign manager, died in February 1904, there was no one in the Republican Party to oppose Roosevelt, and he easily won the nomination. Marcus Alonzo Hanna ( September 24, 1837 &ndash February 15, 1904) best known as Mark Hanna, was an American Industrialist When an effort to draft former president Grover Cleveland failed, the Democrats were without a candidate and finally settled on obscure New York judge Alton B. Parker. Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18 1837 June 24 1908 was both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. Alton Brooks Parker ( May 14, 1852 – May 10, 1926) was an American Lawyer and Judge and a U The outcome was never in doubt. Roosevelt crushed Parker 56%-38% in the popular vote and 336-140 in the Electoral College, sweeping the country outside the perennially Democratic Solid South. An electoral college is a set of many electors who are empowered to elect a candidate to a particular Office. Solid South refers to the electoral support of the Southern United States for Democratic Party candidates for nearly a century from 1877 the end of the Reconstruction Socialist Eugene Debs got 3%. Eugene Victor Debs (November 5 1855 &ndash October 20 1926 was an American union leader one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial The night of the election, after his victory was clear, Roosevelt promised not to run again in 1908. He later regretted that promise, as it compelled him to leave the White House at the age of only fifty, at the height of his popularity.
Conservationist
Roosevelt was the first American president to consider the long-term needs for efficient conservation of national resources, winning the support of fellow hunters and fishermen to bolster his political base. Gifford Pinchot ( August 11 1865 October 4 1946) was the first Chief of the United States Forest Service (1905–1910 and the He was the last trained observer to ever see a passenger pigeon, and on March 14, 1903, Roosevelt created the first National Bird Preserve, (the beginning of the Wildlife Refuge system) on Pelican Island, Florida. The passenger pigeon ( Ectopistes migratorius) or wild pigeon was a species of pigeon that was once the most common Bird in North America Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the He recognized the imminent extinction of the American Bison and co-founded the American Bison Society (with William Temple Hornaday) in 1905. The American bison ( Bison bison) is a Bovine Mammal, also commonly known as the American buffalo. The American Bison Society (ABS was founded in 1905 by pioneering conservationists and sportsmen including William T William Temple Hornaday, ScD ( December 1, 1854 – March 6, 1937) was an American Zoologist, realtor Roosevelt worked with the major figures of the conservation movement, especially his chief adviser on the matter, Gifford Pinchot. The conservation movement also known as nature conservation is a political social and to some extent scientific movement that seeks to protect natural resources including Gifford Pinchot ( August 11 1865 October 4 1946) was the first Chief of the United States Forest Service (1905–1910 and the Roosevelt urged Congress to establish the United States Forest Service (1905), to manage government forest lands, and he appointed Gifford Pinchot to head the service. Roosevelt set aside more land for national parks and nature preserves than all of his predecessors combined, 194 million acres (785,000 km²). A national park is a reserve of land usually declared and owned by a national Government, protected from most Human development and pollution nature reserve ( natural reserve, nature preserve, natural preserve) is a Protected area of importance for Wildlife, flora In all, by 1909, the Roosevelt administration had created an unprecedented 42 million acres (170,000 km²) of national forests, 53 national wildlife refuges and 18 areas of "special interest", including the Grand Canyon. "National forest" redirects here for the National Forest in England see National Forest England; for those in Brazil see List of Brazilian National Forests National Wildlife Refuge is a designation for certain Protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The Grand Canyon The Theodore Roosevelt National Park in the Badlands commemorates his conservationist philosophy. Established in 1978 Theodore Roosevelt National Park is a United States National Park comprising three geographically separated areas of Badlands in western Badlands are a type of Arid Terrain where softer sedimentary rocks and Clay -rich Soils have been extensively eroded by Wind
In 1903, Roosevelt toured the Yosemite Valley with John Muir, founder of the Sierra Club, but Roosevelt believed in the more efficient use of natural resources by corporations like lumber companies unlike Muir. Yosemite Valley (joʊˈsɛməti yoh-SEM-it-ee) is a world-famous scenic location in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. John Muir ( April 21, 1838 – December 24, 1914) was a Scottish -born American Naturalist, author and early Mission statement To explore enjoy and protect the wild places of the earth To practice and promote the responsible use of the earth's ecosystems and resources To educate and In 1907, with Congress about to block him, Roosevelt hurried to designate 16 million acres (65,000 km²) of new national forests. In May 1908, he sponsored the Conference of Governors held in the White House, with a focus on the most efficient planning, analysis and use of water, forests and other natural resources. The Conference of Governors held in the White House May 13-15 1908 under the sponsorship of President Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt explained, "There is an intimate relation between our streams and the development and conservation of all the other great permanent sources of wealth. " During his presidency, Roosevelt promoted the nascent conservation movement in essays for Outdoor Life magazine. Outdoor Life is an outdoors magazine about Hunting, Fishing, Survival and Camping. To Roosevelt, conservation meant more and better usage and less waste, and a long-term perspective.
Roosevelt's conservationist leanings also impelled him to preserve national sites of scientific, particularly archaeological, interest. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos The 1906 passage of the Antiquities Act gave him a tool for creating national monuments by presidential proclamation, without requiring Congressional approval for each monument on an item-by-item basis. The Antiquities Act of 1906 officially An Act for the Preservation of American Antiquities (16 USC 431-433 is an act passed by the United States A National Monument in the United States is a Protected area that is similar to a National Park except that the President of the United States The language of the Antiquities Act specifically called for the preservation of "historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest," and was primarily construed by its creator, Congressman James F. Lacey (assisted by the prominent archaeologist Edgar Lee Hewett), as targeting the prehistoric ruins of the American Southwest. James F Lacey serves on the Ocean County, New Jersey Board of Chosen Freeholders. Edgar Lee Hewett, DSc ( 23 November 1865 - 31 December 1946) was an Archaeologist / Anthropologist active in work Roosevelt, however, applied a typically broad interpretation to the Act, and the first national monument he proclaimed, Devils Tower National Monument in Wyoming, was preserved for reasons tied more to geology than archaeology. Devils Tower ( Lakota: Mato Tipila, which means “Bear Tower” is a Monolithic igneous Intrusion or Volcanic The State of Wyoming ( is a sparsely populated state in the western region of the United States. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit
Roosevelt's conservationism caused him to forbid having a Christmas tree in the White House. A Christmas tree, Yule tree, holiday tree or Tannenbaum (fir tree is one of the most popular Traditions associated with the celebration See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence He was reportedly upset when he found a small tree his son had been hiding. After learning about the commercial farming of Christmas trees, where no virgin forests were cut down to supply the demand during the Christmas holiday, he relented and allowed his family to have a tree each season. Ancient Woodland Old growth forest, (also termed primary forest, ancient forest, virgin forest, primeval forest, frontier
Foreign policy
In Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal Zone, Roosevelt used the Army's medical service, under Walter Reed and William C. Gorgas, to eliminate the yellow fever and install a new regime of public health. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} The Panama Canal Zone (Zona del Canal de Panamá was a 553 square mile (1432 km² territory inside of Panama, consisting of the Panama Canal and an area generally Major Walter Reed, MD, ( September 13 1851 - November 23 1902) was a U Major General William Crawford Gorgas KCMG ( October 3, 1854, in Mobile Alabama -- July 3, 1920, in London Yellow fever (also called yellow jack, black vomit or sometimes American Plague) is an acute viral disease The Philippines saw the U. S. Army for the first time using a systematic doctrine of counter-insurgency. Despite the ad hoc nature of the force deployed by Roosevelt the Army was able to end the insurgency by 1902.
Roosevelt dramatically increased the size of the navy, forming the Great White Fleet, which toured the world in 1907. The Great White Fleet was the popular nickname for the United States Navy battle fleet that completed a Circumnavigation of the globe from December 16, This display was designed to impress the Japanese. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. However, the ships were almost forced to return because of the inadequacy of American ports in the Pacific. [44] Roosevelt also added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, which stated that the United States and only the United States could intervene in Latin American affairs when corruption of governments made it necessary. The Roosevelt Corollary was a substantial amendment to the Monroe Doctrine by U The Monroe Doctrine is a US doctrine which on December 2 1823 stated that European powers were no longer to colonize or interfere with Roosevelt's foreign policy is often referred to as the "Big Stick" policy which was mainly in respect to Roosevelt's ideas of negotiation.
Roosevelt gained international praise for helping negotiate the end of the Russo-Japanese War, for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Roosevelt later arbitrated a dispute between France and Germany over the division of Morocco. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Some historians have argued these latter two actions helped in a small way to avert a world war. A world war is a War affecting the majority of the world's most powerful and populous nations [45]
Panama Canal
Roosevelt's most famous foreign policy initiative, following the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, was the construction of the Panama Canal, which upon its completion shortened the route of freighters between San Francisco, California and New York City by 8,000 miles (13,000 km). The Panama Canal is a man-made Canal in Panama which joins the In 1901 the United States and the United Kingdom signed the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty. The Panama Canal is a man-made Canal in Panama which joins the The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city The City of New York
Colombia first proposed the canal in their country as opposed to rival Nicaragua, and Colombia signed a treaty for an agreed-upon sum. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America At the time, Panama was a province of Colombia. Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. According to the treaty, in 1902, the U. S. was to buy out the equipment and excavations from France, which had been attempting to build a canal since 1881. While the Colombian negotiating team had signed the treaty, ratification by the Colombian Senate became problematic. The Colombian Senate balked at the price and asked for ten million dollars over the original agreed upon price. When the U. S. refused to re-negotiate the price, the Colombian politicians proposed cutting the original French company that started the project out of the deal and giving that difference to Colombia.
Roosevelt decided in 1903 to support Panamanian separation from Colombia. On November 3, the Republic of Panama was created, with its constitution written in advance by the United States. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Shortly thereafter, the U. S. signed a protection treaty with Panama. And after the signing of the treaty, a man named Nathan Johnson Forest assisted Panama with the initial planning phases for the canal. The U. S. then paid ten million to secure rights to build on, and control, the Canal Zone. Construction began in 1904 and was completed in 1914.
It took a long time to build the Panama Canal because of the rampant spread of tropical diseases. Over 200 workers died of yellow fever and malaria, spread by mosquitoes. Malaria is a vector -borne Infectious disease caused by Protozoan Parasites It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions including Roosevelt initiated work on clearing swamps and other areas in which the insects bred. As the health threat finally receded, this greatly facilitated the construction of the Canal.
The Great White Fleet
As Roosevelt's administration drew to a close, the president dispatched a fleet consisting of four US Navy battleship squadrons and their escorts, on a world-wide voyage of circumnavigation from December 16, 1907 to February 22, 1909. A battleship is a large heavily armored Warship with a main battery consisting of the largest Calibre of Guns Battleships were Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting With their hulls painted white (except for the beautiful gilded scrollwork) and red, white, and blue banners on their bows, these ships would come to be known as the Great White Fleet. The Great White Fleet was the popular nickname for the United States Navy battle fleet that completed a Circumnavigation of the globe from December 16, Roosevelt wanted to demonstrate to his country and the world that the US Navy was capable of operating in a global theater, particularly in the Pacific. This was extraordinarily important at a time when tensions were slowly growing between the United States and Japan. The latter had recently shown its navy's competence in defeating the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War, and the US Navy fleet in the west was relatively small. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September As a mark of the mission's success, the Atlantic Fleet battleships only later came to be known as the "Great White Fleet. The United States Fleet Forces Command (USFLTFORCOM of the United States Navy is the part of the Navy responsible for operations in and around the Atlantic Ocean. "
When the real Great White Fleet sailed into Yokohama, Japan, the Japanese went to extraordinary lengths to show that their country desired peace with the US. is the capital of Kanagawa Prefecture, located in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshū and is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area Thousands of Japanese school children waved American flags, purchased by the government, as they greeted the Navy brass coming ashore. In February 1909, the fleet returned home to Hampton Roads, Virginia, and Roosevelt was there to witness the triumphant return. His appearance indicated that he saw the fleet's long voyage as a fitting finish for his administration. Roosevelt said to the officers of the Fleet, "Other nations may do what you have done, but they'll have to follow you. " This parting act of grand strategy by Roosevelt greatly expanded the respect for, as well as the role of, the United States in the international arena. Grand strategy is military Strategy at the level of movement and use of an entire Nation state or Empire 's resources However, the visit of the Great White Fleet to Tokyo also encouraged Japanese militarists. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. They had always argued for an even more aggressive Japanese ship building and naval expansion program, and the recent show of force by the U. S. convinced enough of their countrymen that they were right. In a real sense, this set in motion the chain of events leading to the U. S. and Japan confronting each other 30 years later - during World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
Roosevelt puts Lincoln on the penny
Roosevelt thought American coins and currency were common and uninspiring. United States coinage was first minted by the new republic in 1792 He had the opportunity to pose for a young Lithuanian-born sculptor, Victor David Brenner, who since arriving nineteen years earlier in the United States had become one of the nation's premier medalists. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Victor David Brenner ( June 12, 1871 &ndash April 5, 1924) was the designer of the United States Lincoln Wheat Ears Cent Roosevelt had learned of Brenner's talents in a settlement house on New York City's Lower East Side and was immediately impressed with a bas-relief that Brenner had made of Lincoln, based on the early Civil War era photographer Mathew Brady's photograph. The Lower East Side is a Neighborhood in the southeastern part of the New York City borough of Manhattan. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Note that Mathew B Brady spelled his first name with only one "t" Roosevelt, who considered Lincoln the savior of the Union and the greatest Republican President and who also considered himself Lincoln's political heir, ordered the new Lincoln penny to be based on Brenner's work and that it be ready just in time to commemorate Lincoln’s 100th birthday in 1909. The Lincoln cent is the current one cent coin of the US Dollar. The likeness of President Lincoln on the obverse of the coin is an adaptation of a plaque Brenner executed several years earlier and which had come to the attention of President Roosevelt in New York. [46] The new Lincoln penny replaced the Indian Head cent. The Indian Head one- cent Coin also known as an Indian Penny was produced by the United States Mint from 1859 to 1909 at the Philadelphia
Life in the White House
Roosevelt took Cabinet members and friends on long, fast-paced hikes, boxed in the state rooms of the White House, romped with his children, and read voraciously. [47] In 1908, he was permanently blinded in his left eye during one of his boxing bouts, but this injury was kept from the public at the time. [48] His many enthusiastic interests and limitless energy led one ambassador to wryly explain, "You must always remember that the President is about six. "[49]
During his presidency, Roosevelt tried but did not succeed to advance the cause of simplified spelling. Many languages have undergone spelling reform, where a deliberate often officially sanctioned or mandated change to spelling takes place He tried to force the federal government to adopt the system, sending an order to the Public Printer to use the system in all public federal documents. The order was obeyed, and among the documents thus printed was the President's special message regarding the Panama Canal.
The reform annoyed the public, forcing him to rescind the order. Literary critic Brander Matthews, a friend of Roosevelt and one of the chief advocates of the reform, remonstrated with him for abandoning the effort. James Brander Matthews ( February 21, 1852 in New Orleans – March 31, 1929 in New York City) was a U Roosevelt replied on December 16: "I could not by fighting have kept the new spelling in, and it was evidently worse than useless to go into an undignified contest when I was beaten. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Do you know that the one word as to which I thought the new spelling was wrong — thru — was more responsible than anything else for our discomfiture?" Next summer Roosevelt was watching a naval review when a newspaper launch marked "Pres Bot" chugged ostentatiously by. The President waved and laughed with delight. [50]
Roosevelt's oldest daughter, Alice, was a controversial character during his stay in the White House. Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth ( February 12, 1884 &ndash February 20, 1980) was the oldest child of Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th When friends asked if he could rein in his elder daughter, Roosevelt said, "I can be President of the United States, or I can control Alice. I cannot possibly do both. "[47] In turn, Alice said of him that he always wanted to be "the bride at every wedding and the corpse at every funeral. "[51]
Roosevelt's contribution to the White House was the construction of the original West Wing, which he had built to free up the second floor rooms in the residence that formerly housed the president's staff. The West Wing is the Official offices of the President of the United States He and Edith also had the entire house renovated and restored to the federal style, tearing out the Victorian furnishings and details (including Tiffany windows) that had been installed over the previous three decades. Chester TownshipJPG|thumb|right|A federal style colonial home in Chester Township New Jersey]] Federal-style architecture occurred in the United States between 1780 Louis Comfort Tiffany ( February 18, 1848 &ndash January 17, 1933) was an American artist and designer who worked in the decorative arts
Presidential firsts
- On August 25, 1905 he became the first U. John Singer Sargent (January 12 1856 &ndash April 14 1925 was the most successful portrait painter of his era During his career he created roughly 900 oil paintings and more than Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting S. President to ride in a military submarine when he boarded the USS Plunger and ran submerged in it for 55 minutes. A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability Early service The Plunger was originally laid down on 21 May 1901 at Elizabethport New Jersey, at Lewis Nixon 's Crescent Shipyard [52]
- He was the first President to coin an internationally recognized trademark, although not deliberately, with his offhand remark, "good to the last drop," about some coffee drunk at the Maxwell House Hotel in Tennessee. The Maxwell House Hotel, which once stood at the northeast corner of Fourth Avenue North and Church Street in downtown Nashville, was for years the center of Nashville's social [53]
- He is the only president to have a famous toy named after him (the Teddy bear, named after a bear he refused to shoot in a 1902 hunt in Mississippi). The teddy bear is a stuffed Toy Bear. It is an enduring traditional form of a Stuffed animal, often serving the purpose of comforting children
- He was the first U. S. president to study judo. [54]
- He was the first and to date only president from Long Island, New York. Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, USA, its western shores directly across from Manhattan, from which the island stretches
Administration and Cabinet
Supreme Court appointments
Roosevelt appointed the following Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States:
- Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. – 1902
- William Rufus Day – 1903
- William Henry Moody – 1906
States admitted to the Union
- Oklahoma – 1907
Post-presidency
African safari
In March 1909, shortly after the end of his second term, Roosevelt left New York for a safari in east and central Africa. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs John Milton Hay ( October 8, 1838 – July 1, 1905) was an American statesman diplomat author journalist and private secretary Elihu Root ( February 15, 1845 &ndash February 7, 1937) was an American lawyer and statesman and the 1912 recipient of the Robert Bacon ( July 5, 1860 &ndash May 29, 1919) was an American statesman and diplomat The United States Secretary of the Treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, concerned with finance and monetary matters, and until Lyman Judson Gage ( June 28, 1836 &ndash January 26, 1927) was an American financier and Presidential Cabinet officer Leslie Mortimer Shaw ( November 2, 1848 March 28, 1932) was an American businessman lawyer and politician George Bruce Cortelyou ( July 26, 1862 &ndash October 23, 1940) was an American Presidential Cabinet secretary of The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington 's administration Elihu Root ( February 15, 1845 &ndash February 7, 1937) was an American lawyer and statesman and the 1912 recipient of the William Howard Taft (September 15 1857 – March 8 1930 was an American politician, the twenty-seventh President of the United States, the tenth Chief Justice Luke Edward Wright ( August 29, 1846 &ndash November 12, 1922) was a U The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement Philander Chase Knox ( May 6, 1853 &ndash October 12, 1921) was an American Lawyer and Politician who served William Henry Moody ( December 23 1853 &ndash July 2 1917) was an American politician and Jurist, who held positions Charles Joseph Bonaparte ( June 9, 1851 &ndash June 28, 1921) was a member of the United States Cabinet and a grandson The United States Postmaster General is the executive head of the United States Postal Service. Charles Emory Smith ( February 18, 1842 &ndash January 19, 1908) was an American Journalist and political leader For other people with the same name see Henry Payne. Henry Clay Payne ( November 23, 1843 &ndash October 4 Robert John Wynne ( November 18, 1851 &ndash March 11, 1922) was a United States politician and telegrapher George Bruce Cortelyou ( July 26, 1862 &ndash October 23, 1940) was an American Presidential Cabinet secretary of George von Lengerke Meyer ( June 24, 1858 &ndash March 9, 1918) was a Massachusetts businessman and politician who served as The United States Secretary of the Navy ( SECNAV) is the Civilian head of the Department of the Navy. John Davis Long ( October 27, 1838 August 28, 1915) was a US Political figure. William Henry Moody ( December 23 1853 &ndash July 2 1917) was an American politician and Jurist, who held positions Paul Morton ( May 22, 1857 &ndash February 19, 1911) was a US Charles Joseph Bonaparte ( June 9, 1851 &ndash June 28, 1921) was a member of the United States Cabinet and a grandson Victor Howard Metcalf ( October 10, 1853 &ndash February 20, 1936) was an American politician Truman Handy Newberry ( November 5, 1864 – October 3, 1945) was a U The United States Secretary of the Interior is the head of the United States Department of the Interior. Ethan Allen Hitchcock ( September 19, 1835 &ndash April 9, 1909) served under Presidents William McKinley and For his father the 20th President of the United States, see James Abram Garfield. The United States Secretary of Agriculture is the head of the United States Department of Agriculture. James Wilson ( August 16, 1835 &ndash August 26, 1920) was a Scotland -born United States politician who served as The United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor was the head of the short-lived United States Department of Commerce and Labor, which was concerned with Business George Bruce Cortelyou ( July 26, 1862 &ndash October 23, 1940) was an American Presidential Cabinet secretary of Victor Howard Metcalf ( October 10, 1853 &ndash February 20, 1936) was an American politician Oscar Solomon Straus ( December 23, 1850 &ndash May 3, 1926) was United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor under President The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr ( March 8, 1841 &ndash March 6, 1935) was an American Jurist who served on the Supreme William Rufus Day ( April 17, 1849 &ndash July 9, 1923) was an American diplomat and jurist who served for nineteen years as William Henry Moody ( December 23 1853 &ndash July 2 1917) was an American politician and Jurist, who held positions Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. SAFARI was an attempt by the French government under the presidency of Georges Pompidou, to create a centralized database of personal data East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent. Central Africa is a core Region of the African Continent often considered to include Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad Roosevelt's party landed in Mombasa, British East Africa (now Kenya), traveled to the Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo) before following the Nile up to Khartoum in modern Sudan. Mombasa is the second largest City in Kenya, lying on the Indian Ocean. British East Africa was an area of East Africa controlled by the British in the late 19th century which became a Protectorate covering roughly the area of present-day The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south The Belgian Congo ( Dutch: Belgisch Kongo French: Congo Belge German: Belgisch Kongo was the formal title of present-day Democratic Republic The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to The Nile (النيل, Ancient Egyptian iteru or Ḥ'pī, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing River Khartoum ( الخرطوم al-Kharṭūm) is the Capital of Sudan and of Khartoum State. Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. Financed by Andrew Carnegie and by his own proposed writings, Roosevelt's party hunted for specimens for the Smithsonian Institution and for the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Andrew Carnegie (properly kɑrˈneɪgi but commonly /ˈkɑrnɨgi/ or /kɑrˈnɛgi/ (25 November 1835 – 11 August 1919 was a Scottish -born American Industrialist The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of The American Museum of Natural History ( AMNH) located on the Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York, USA is one of the largest and most The group included scientists from the Smithsonian and was led by the legendary hunter-tracker R. J. Cunninghame and was joined from time to time by Frederick Selous, the famous big game hunter and explorer. Sir Frederick Courtenay (also spelled Courteney) Selous DSO (b Among other items, Roosevelt brought with him four tons of salt for perserving animal hides, a lucky rabbit's foot given to him by boxer John L. Sullivan, an elephant-rifle donated by a group of 56 admiring Britons, and the famous Pigskin Library, a collection of classics bound in pig leather and transported in a single reinforced trunk. John Lawrence Sullivan (October 15 1858 &ndash February 2 1918 was recognized as the first heavyweight champion of gloved boxing from February 7 1882 to 1892 and
All told, Roosevelt and his companions killed or trapped over 11,397 animals, from insects and moles to hippopotamuses and elephants. Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described The hippopotamus ( Hippopotamus amphibius) from the Greek ἱπποπόταμος ( hippopotamos, ιππος hippos meaning "horse" Elephants ( family: Elephantidae) are large land Mammals of the order Proboscidea. 512 of the animals were big game animals, including six rare white rhinos. The White Rhinoceros or Square-lipped rhinoceros ( Ceratotherium simum) is one of the five species of Rhinoceros that still exist and is one of the few 262 of these were consumed by the expedition. Tons of salted animals and their skins were shipped to Washington; the quantity was so large that it took years to mount them all, and the Smithsonian was able to share many duplicate animals with other museums. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Taxidermy ( Greek for "skin arrangement" is the art of mounting or reproducing Animals for display (e A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the
Regarding the large number of animals taken, Roosevelt said, "I can be condemned only if the existence of the National Museum, the American Museum of Natural History, and all similar zoological institutions are to be condemned. The National Museum of Natural History is a Natural history Museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National The American Museum of Natural History ( AMNH) located on the Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York, USA is one of the largest and most "[55] However, although the safari was ostensibly conducted in the name of science, there was another, quite large element to it as well. Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding In addition to many native peoples and local leaders, interaction with renowned professional hunters and land owning families made the safari as much a political and social event, as it was a hunting excursion. Roosevelt wrote a detailed account of the adventure in the book "African Game Trails", where he describes the excitement of the chase, the people he met, and the flora and fauna he collected in the name of science. In Botany, flora ( Plural: floras or florae has two meanings The first meaning flora of an area or of time period, refers to all Fauna is all of the Animal life of any particular region or time
Republican Party rift
Roosevelt certified William Howard Taft to be a genuine "progressive" in 1908, when Roosevelt pushed through the nomination of his Secretary of War for the Presidency. William Howard Taft (September 15 1857 – March 8 1930 was an American politician, the twenty-seventh President of the United States, the tenth Chief Justice The United States presidential election of 1908 was held on November 3 1908 Taft easily defeated three-time candidate William Jennings Bryan. For other persons of the same name see William Bryan and William Jennings. Taft had a different progressivism, one that stressed the rule of law and preferred that judges rather than administrators or politicians make the basic decisions about fairness. Taft usually proved a less adroit politician than Roosevelt and lacked the energy and personal magnetism, not to mention the publicity devices, the dedicated supporters, and the broad base of public support that made Roosevelt so formidable. When Roosevelt realized that lowering the tariff would risk severe tensions inside the Republican Party—pitting producers (manufacturers and farmers) against merchants and consumers—he stopped talking about the issue. Taft ignored the risks and tackled the tariff boldly, on the one hand encouraging reformers to fight for lower rates, and then cutting deals with conservative leaders that kept overall rates high. The resulting Payne-Aldrich tariff of 1909 was too high for most reformers, but instead of blaming this on Senator Nelson Aldrich and big business, Taft took credit, calling it the best tariff ever. The Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909 (ch 6 36 Stat 11 named for Representative Sereno E Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich ( November 6, 1841 &ndash April 16, 1915) was a prominent American Politician and a leader Again he had managed to alienate all sides. While the crisis was building inside the Party, Roosevelt was touring Africa and Europe, so as to allow Taft to be his own man. [56]
Unlike Roosevelt, Taft never attacked business or businessmen in his rhetoric. William Loeb III ( December 26, 1905 - September 14, 1981) was publisher of the Manchester Union Leader newspaper (later However, he was attentive to the law, so he launched 90 antitrust suits, including one against the largest corporation, U. S. Steel, for an acquisition that Roosevelt had personally approved. Consequently, Taft lost the support of antitrust reformers (who disliked his conservative rhetoric), of big business (which disliked his actions), and of Roosevelt, who felt humiliated by his protégé. The left wing of the Republican Party began agitating against Taft. Senator Robert LaFollette of Wisconsin created the National Progressive Republican League (precursor to the Progressive Party (United States, 1924)) to defeat the power of political bossism at the state level and to replace Taft at the national level. Robert Marion La Follette Sr nicknamed "Fighting Bob" La Follette ( June 14, 1855 June 20, 1925) was an American Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States The United States Progressive Party of 1924 was a continuation of the 1912 Progressive party with few changes in leadership at the state or local levels and keeping many of the same officers More trouble came when Taft fired Gifford Pinchot, a leading conservationist and close ally of Roosevelt. Gifford Pinchot ( August 11 1865 October 4 1946) was the first Chief of the United States Forest Service (1905–1910 and the Pinchot alleged that Taft's Secretary of Interior Richard Ballinger was in league with big timber interests. Richard Achilles Ballinger ( July 9, 1858 - June 6, 1922) was mayor of Seattle Washington, from 1904–1906 and U Conservationists sided with Pinchot, and Taft alienated yet another vocal constituency.
Roosevelt, back from Europe, unexpectedly launched an attack on the federal courts, which deeply upset Taft. Roosevelt was attacking both the judiciary and the deep faith Republicans had in their judges (most of whom had been appointed by McKinley, Roosevelt or Taft. ) In the 1910 Congressional elections, Democrats swept to power, and Taft's reelection in 1912 was increasingly in doubt. In 1911, Taft responded with a vigorous stumping tour that allowed him to sign up most of the party leaders long before Roosevelt announced.
Election of 1912
Republican Primaries
Late in 1911, Roosevelt finally broke with Taft and LaFollette and announced himself as a candidate for the Republican nomination. But Roosevelt had delayed too long, and Taft had already won the support of most party leaders in the country. Because of LaFollette's nervous breakdown on the campaign trail before Roosevelt's entry, most of LaFollette's supporters went over to Roosevelt, the new progressive Republican candidate.
Roosevelt, stepping up his attack on judges, carried nine of the states with preferential primaries, LaFollette took two, and Taft only one. The 1912 Primaries represented the first extensive use of the Presidential Primary, a reform achievement of the progressive movement. However, these primary elections, while demonstrating Roosevelt's popularity with the electorate, were in no ways as important as primaries are today. First of all, there were fewer states where the common voter was given a forum to express himself, such as a primary. Many more states selected convention delegates either at party conventions, or in caucuses, which were not as open as today's caucuses. So while the man in the street still adored Roosevelt, most professional Republican politicians were supporting Taft, and they proved difficult to upset in non-primary states.
Formation of the Bull Moose Party
At the Republican Convention in Chicago, despite being the incumbent, Taft's victory was not immediately assured. The Republican National Convention is the presidential nominating convention of the Republican Party of the United States. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. But after two weeks, Roosevelt, realizing he would not be able to win the nomination outright, asked his followers to leave the convention hall. They moved to the Auditorium Theatre, and then Roosevelt, along with key allies such as Pinchot and Albert Beveridge created the Progressive Party, structuring it as a permanent organization that would field complete tickets at the presidential and state level. The Auditorium Building of Roosevelt University in Chicago Illinois is one of the best-known designs of Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan. Pinchot may refer to Amos Pinchot Bronson Pinchot Gifford Pinchot Mary Pinchot Meyer Albert Jeremiah Beveridge ( October 6 1862, Highland County Ohio &ndash April 27 1927, Indianapolis Indiana) was The United States Progressive Party of 1912 was a political party created by a split in the Republican Party in the presidential election of 1912. It was popularly known as the "Bull Moose Party," which got its name after Roosevelt told reporters, "I'm as fit as a bull moose. The United States Progressive Party of 1912 was a political party created by a split in the Republican Party in the presidential election of 1912. "[57] At the convention Roosevelt cried out, "We stand at Armageddon and we battle for the Lord. In Christian mythology Armageddon ( Greek Αρμαγεδδων; also spelled Har-Magedon in some modern English translations also known as " Roosevelt's platform echoed his 1907–08 proposals, calling for vigorous government intervention to protect the people from the selfish interests. [58]
| “ | To destroy this invisible Government, to dissolve the unholy alliance between corrupt business and corrupt politics is the first task of the statesmanship of the day. A statesman or stateswoman or statesperson is usually a Politician or other notable figure of State who has had a long and respected career in " - 1912 Progressive Party Platform, attributed to him[59] and quoted again in his autobiography[60] where he continues "'This country belongs to the people. Its resources, its business, its laws, its institutions, should be utilized, maintained, or altered in whatever manner will best promote the general interest. ' This assertion is explicit. . . . Mr. Wilson must know that every monopoly in the United States opposes the Progressive party. Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28 1856—February 3 1924 was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. In Economics, a monopoly (from Greek monos, alone or single + polein, to sell exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient . . . I challenge him . . . to name the monopoly that did support the Progressive party, whether . . . the Sugar Trust, the Steel Trust, the Harvester Trust, the Standard Oil Trust, the Tobacco Trust, or any other. A special trust or business trust is business entity formed with intent to monopolize business to restrain trade, or to fix prices. The United States Steel Corporation ( is an integrated Steel producer with major production operations in the United States, Canada, and Central Europe Standard Oil was a predominant American integrated oil producing transporting refining and marketing company . . . Ours was the only programme to which they objected, and they supported either Mr. Wilson or Mr. Taft. William Howard Taft (September 15 1857 – March 8 1930 was an American politician, the twenty-seventh President of the United States, the tenth Chief Justice . . | ” |
Assassination Attempt
While Roosevelt was campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on October 14, 1912, a saloonkeeper named John Schrank shot him, but the bullet lodged in his chest only after penetrating both his steel eyeglass case and passing through a thick (50 pages) single-folded copy of the speech he was carrying in his jacket. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting John Flammang Schrank (1876 - September 16 1943 was a saloon-keeper from New York, best known for his attempt to assassinate former U [61] Roosevelt, as an experienced hunter and anatomist, correctly decided that since he wasn't coughing blood the bullet had not completely penetrated the chest wall to his lung, and so declined suggestions he go to the hospital immediately. Instead, he delivered his scheduled speech with blood seeping into his shirt. [62] He spoke for ninety minutes. His opening comments to the gathered crowd were, "I don't know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot; but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose. "[63] Afterwards, probes and X-ray showed that the bullet had traversed three inches (76 mm) of tissue and lodged in Roosevelt's chest muscle but did not penetrate the pleura, and it would be more dangerous to attempt to remove the bullet than to leave it in place. Roosevelt carried it with him until he died. [64]
Due to the bullet wound, Roosevelt was taken off the campaign trail in the final weeks of the race (which ended election day, November 5). Though the other two campaigners stopped their own campaigns in the week Roosevelt was in the hospital, they resumed it once he was released. The overall effect of the shooting was uncertain. Roosevelt for many reasons failed to move enough Republicans in his direction. He did win 4. 1 million votes (27%), compared to Taft's 3. 5 million (23%). However, Wilson's 6. 3 million votes (42%) were enough to garner 435 electoral votes. Roosevelt had 88 electoral votes to Taft's 8 electoral votes. (This meant that Taft became the only incumbent President in history to actually come in third place in an attempt to be re-elected. ) But Pennsylvania was Roosevelt's only Eastern state; in the Midwest he carried Michigan, Minnesota and South Dakota; in the West, California and Washington; he did not win any Southern states. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern The Eastern Half of The United States, the American East, or simply the East is traditionally defined as the states east of the Mississippi River. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers South Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. The Western United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American West or simply the West &mdashtraditionally refers to the region comprising the westernmost California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Although he lost, he won more votes than former presidents Martin Van Buren and Millard Fillmore who also ran again and also lost. Martin Van Buren (December 5 1782 July 24 1862 was the eighth President of the United States from 1837 to 1841 Millard Fillmore ( January 7 1800 &ndash March 8 1874 was the thirteenth President of the United States, serving from 1850 until 1853 and the last member of the Whig More important, he pulled so many progressives out of the Republican party that it took on a much more conservative cast for the next generation.
1913–1914 South American Expedition
Roosevelt's popular book Through the Brazilian Wilderness describes his expedition into the Brazilian jungle in 1913 as a member of the Roosevelt-Rondon Scientific Expedition co-named after its leader, Brazilian explorer Cândido Rondon. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Roosevelt-Rondon Scientific Expedition was jointly lead by Theodore Roosevelt and Cândido Rondon in 1913-1914 to be the first explorers of the 1000-mile long |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Cândido Mariano de Silva Rondon, or Marechal Rondon ( May 5, 1865 - January 19, 1958) was a Brazilian military officer who is The book describes all of the scientific discovery, scenic tropical vistas and exotic flora, fauna and wild life experienced on the expedition. A friend, Father John Augustine Zahm, had searched for new adventures and found them in the forests of South America. Father John Augustine Zahm CSC ( June 11, 1851 – November 10, 1921) was a Holy Cross priest author scientist and South After a briefing of several of his own expeditions, he convinced Roosevelt to commit to such an expedition in 1912. To finance the expedition, Roosevelt received support from the American Museum of Natural History, promising to bring back many new animal specimens. The American Museum of Natural History ( AMNH) located on the Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York, USA is one of the largest and most Once in South America, a new far more ambitious goal was added: to find the headwaters of the Rio da Duvida, the River of Doubt, and trace it north to the Madeira and thence to the Amazon River. The Roosevelt River ( Rio Roosevelt, sometimes Rio Teodoro) is a Brazilian river The Amazon River (Rio Amazonas Río Amazonas of South America is the largest river in the world by volume with a total river flow greater than the next top ten largest rivers It was later renamed Rio Roosevelt (Rio Teodoro today, 640 km long) in honor of the former President. The Roosevelt River ( Rio Roosevelt, sometimes Rio Teodoro) is a Brazilian river Roosevelt's crew consisted of his 24-year-old son Kermit, Colonel Cândido Rondon, a naturalist sent by the American Museum of Natural History named George K. Cândido Mariano de Silva Rondon, or Marechal Rondon ( May 5, 1865 - January 19, 1958) was a Brazilian military officer who is The American Museum of Natural History ( AMNH) located on the Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York, USA is one of the largest and most Cherrie, Brazilian Lieutenant Joao Lyra, team physician Dr. José Antonio Cajazeira, and sixteen highly skilled paddlers (called camaradas in Portuguese). Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. The initial expedition started, probably unwisely, on December 9, 1913, at the height of the rainy season. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The trip down the River of Doubt started on February 27, 1914. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
During the trip down the river, Roosevelt contracted malaria and a serious infection resulting from a minor leg wound. Malaria is a vector -borne Infectious disease caused by Protozoan Parasites It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions including These illnesses so weakened Roosevelt that, by six weeks into the expedition, he had to be attended day and night by the expedition's physician, Dr. Cajazeira, and his son, Kermit. By this time, Roosevelt considered his own condition a threat to the survival of the others. At one point, Kermit had to talk him out of his wish to be left behind so as not to slow down the expedition, now with only a few weeks rations left. Roosevelt was having chest pains when he tried to walk, his temperature soared to 103 °F (39 °C), and at times he was delirious. He had lost over fifty pounds (20 kg). Without the constant support of his son, Kermit, Dr. Cajazeira, and the continued leadership of Colonel Rondon, Roosevelt would likely have perished. Despite his concern for Roosevelt, Rondon had been slowing down the pace of the expedition by his dedication to his own map-making and other geographical goals that demanded regular stops to fix the expedition's position via sun-based survey.
Upon his return to New York, friends and family were startled by Roosevelt's physical appearance and fatigue. Roosevelt wrote to a friend that the trip had cut his life short by ten years. He might not have really known just how accurate that analysis would prove to be, because the effects of the South America expedition had so greatly weakened him that they significantly contributed to his declining health. For the rest of his life, he would be plagued by flareups of malaria and leg inflammations so severe that they would require hospitalization. [47][65]
When Roosevelt had recovered enough of his strength, he found that he had a new battle on his hands. In professional circles, there was doubt about his claims of having discovered and navigated a completely uncharted river over 625 miles (1,000 km) long. Roosevelt would have to defend himself and win international recognition of the expedition's newly-named Rio Roosevelt. The Roosevelt River ( Rio Roosevelt, sometimes Rio Teodoro) is a Brazilian river Toward this end, Roosevelt went to Washington, D. C. , and spoke at a standing-room-only convention to defend his claims. His official report and its defense silenced the critics, and he was able to triumphantly return to his home in Oyster Bay.
Writer
"Address to the Boys Progressive League"
Despite his weakened condition and slow recovery from his South America expedition, Roosevelt continued to write with passion on subjects ranging from foreign policy to the importance of the national park system. As an editor of Outlook magazine, he had weekly access to a large, educated national audience. In all, Roosevelt wrote about 18 books (each in several editions), including his Autobiography, Rough Riders and History of the Naval War of 1812, ranching, explorations, and wildlife. His most ambitious book was the 4 volume narrative The Winning of the West, which attempted to connect the origin of a new "race" of Americans (i. e. what he considered the present population of the United States to be) to the frontier conditions their ancestors endured in throughout the 17th, 18th, and early 19th centuries.
Later years and death
- See also: Roosevelt's World War I volunteers
Roosevelt angrily complained about the foreign policy of President Wilson, calling it "weak. In his book Foes of Our Own Household (1917 Theodore Roosevelt explains that he had authorization from Congress to raise four divisions to fight in France, similar " This caused him to develop an intense dislike for Woodrow Wilson. When World War I began in 1914, Roosevelt strongly supported the Allies of World War I and demanded a harsher policy against Germany, especially regarding submarine warfare. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Entente Powers (from Triple Entente) were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. In 1916, he campaigned energetically for Charles Evans Hughes and repeatedly denounced Irish-Americans and German-Americans who Roosevelt said were unpatriotic because they put the interest of Ireland and Germany ahead of America's by supporting neutrality. Charles Evans Hughes Sr ( April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948) was a Lawyer and Republican politician from the State He insisted one had to be 100% American, not a "hyphenated American" who juggled multiple loyalties. Epithet The term hyphenated American is an Epithet common 1890-1920 used to disparage Americans who were of foreign birth or origin and who displayed an allegiance When the U. S. entered the war in 1917, Roosevelt sought to raise a volunteer infantry division, but Wilson refused. [66]
Roosevelt's attacks on Wilson helped the Republicans win control of Congress in the off-year elections of 1918. Roosevelt was popular enough to seriously contest the 1920 Republican nomination, but his health was broken by 1918, because of the lingering malaria. His son Quentin, a daring pilot with the American forces in France, was shot down behind German lines in 1918. Quentin Roosevelt ( November 19, 1897 &ndash July 14, 1918) was the youngest and favorite son of President Theodore Roosevelt Quentin was his youngest son and probably the most liked by him. It is said the death of his son distressed him so much that Roosevelt never recovered from his loss. [67]
Despite his debilitating diseases, Roosevelt remained active to the end of his life. This article refers to the hamlet. For the town in Nassau County, New York, see Town of Oyster Bay New York. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous He was an enthusiastic proponent of the Scouting movement. Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worldwide Youth movement with the stated aim of supporting young people in their physical mental and spiritual The Boy Scouts of America gave him the title of Chief Scout Citizen, the only person to hold such title. The Boy Scouts of America ( BSA) is the largest youth organization in the United States with over five million One early Scout leader said, "The two things that gave Scouting great impetus and made it very popular were the uniform and Teddy Roosevelt's jingoism. "[68]
On January 6, 1919, Roosevelt died in his sleep at Oyster Bay of a coronary embolism ,preceded by a 2 1/2-month illness described as inflammatory rheumatism [69], and was buried in nearby Youngs Memorial Cemetery. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In Medicine, an embolism occurs when an object (the embolus, plural emboli) migrates from one part of the Body (through circulation Upon receiving word of his death, his son, Archie, telegraphed his siblings simply, "The old lion is dead. Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt ( April 9, 1894 – October 13, 1979) the fifth child of US President Theodore Roosevelt was "[70] Woodrow Wilson's vice president at the time Thomas R. Marshall said of his death "Death had to take Roosevelt sleeping, for if he had been awake, there would have been a fight. Thomas Riley Marshall (March 14 1854 June 1 1925 was an American Politician who served as the twenty-eighth Vice President of the United States of America In English Death is often given the name the " Grim Reaper " and shown as a skeletal figure carrying a large Scythe, and wearing a midnight black gown robe "[71]
Character and beliefs
Roosevelt intensely disliked being called "Teddy," and was quick to point out this fact to those who used the nickname, though it would become widely used by newspapers during his political career. Quentin Roosevelt ( November 19, 1897 &ndash July 14, 1918) was the youngest and favorite son of President Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr or Theodore Roosevelt II (November 13 1887-July 12 1944 was an American political and business leader a Medal of Honor recipient who Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt ( April 9, 1894 – October 13, 1979) the fifth child of US President Theodore Roosevelt was Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth ( February 12, 1884 &ndash February 20, 1980) was the oldest child of Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th Kermit Roosevelt I MC ( October 10, 1889 – June 4, 1943) was a son of U Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt ( August 6, 1861 &ndash September 30, 1948) second wife of Theodore Roosevelt, was First Lady Ethel Carow Roosevelt Derby ( August 13, 1891 &ndash December 10, 1977) was the youngest daughter and fourth child of the President He attended the Madison Square Presbyterian Church until the age of 16. Later in life, when Roosevelt lived at Oyster Bay he attended an Episcopal church with his wife. The Episcopal Church is the official name of the Province of the Anglican Communion in the United States. While in Washington he attended services at Grace Reformed Church. [72] As President he firmly believed in the separation of church and state and thought it unwise to have In God We Trust on currency, because he thought it sacrilegious to put the name of the Deity on something so common as money. Separation of church and state is a Political and Legal Doctrine that Government and religious institutions are to be kept separate In God We Trust is the official National motto of the United States and the U [73] He was also a Freemason, and regularly attended the Matinecock Lodge's meetings. He once said that "One of the things that so greatly attracted me to Masonry that I hailed the chance of becoming a Mason was that it really did act up to what we, as a government, are pledged to — namely to treat each man on his merit as a man. "[74]
Roosevelt had a lifelong interest in pursuing what he called, in an 1899 speech, "the strenuous life. "The Strenuous Life" is the name of a speech given by Theodore Roosevelt in Chicago Illinois on April 10, 1899. " To this end, he exercised regularly and took up boxing, tennis, hiking, rowing, polo, and horseback riding. As governor of New York, he boxed with sparring partners several times a week, a practice he regularly continued as President until one blow detached his left retina, leaving him blind in that eye (a fact not made public until many years later). Thereafter, he practiced jujutsu and continued his habit of skinny-dipping in the Potomac River during winter. literally meaning the " art of softness " or "way of yielding" is a collective name for Japanese martial art styles consisting of grappling The Potomac River flows into the Chesapeake Bay, located along the mid- Atlantic coast of the United States. [75][76]
He was an enthusiastic singlestick player and, according to Harper's Weekly, in 1905 showed up at a White House reception with his arm bandaged after a bout with General Leonard Wood. Singlestick, also known as cudgels, is a Martial art related to Fencing and Stick fighting, and a wooden weapon for the art used for attack Harper's Weekly ( A Journal of Civilization) was an American political Magazine based in New York City. Leonard Wood (9 October 1860 &ndash 7 August 1927 was a Physician who served as the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Military Governor of Cuba [77] Roosevelt was also an avid reader, reading tens of thousands of books, at a rate of several a day in multiple languages. Along with Thomas Jefferson Roosevelt is often considered the most well read of any American politician. Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence [78]
Legacy
For his gallantry at San Juan Hill, Roosevelt's commanders recommended him for the Medal of Honor, but his subsequent telegrams to the War Department complaining about the delays in returning American troops from Cuba doomed his chances. Mount Rushmore National Memorial, near Keystone, South Dakota, is a monumental Granite sculpture by Gutzon Borglum (1867–1941 located The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la In the late 1990s, Roosevelt's supporters again took up the flag on his behalf and overcame opposition from elements within the U. S. Army and the National Archives. The United States National Archives and Records Administration ( NARA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government charged On January 16, 2001, President Bill Clinton awarded Theodore Roosevelt the Medal of Honor posthumously for his charge up San Juan Hill, Cuba, during the Spanish-American War. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States Roosevelt's eldest son, Brigadier General Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., received the Medal of Honor for heroism at the Battle of Normandy in 1944. Theodore Roosevelt Jr or Theodore Roosevelt II (November 13 1887-July 12 1944 was an American political and business leader a Medal of Honor recipient who The Roosevelts thus became one of only two father-son pairs to receive this honor.
Roosevelt's legacy includes several other important commemorations. Roosevelt was included with George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln at the Mount Rushmore Memorial, designed in 1927. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal Mount Rushmore National Memorial, near Keystone, South Dakota, is a monumental Granite sculpture by Gutzon Borglum (1867–1941 located The United States Navy named two ships for Roosevelt: the USS Theodore Roosevelt (SSBN-600), a submarine was in commission from 1961 to 1982; and the USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71), an aircraft carrier that has been on active duty in the Atlantic Fleet since 1986. Timeline Her history began on 30 September 1980 when a contract was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding.
The Roosevelt Memorial Association (later the Theodore Roosevelt Association) or "TRA", was founded in 1920 to preserve Roosevelt's legacy. The Theodore Roosevelt Association, (TRA is an historical and cultural organization based in Oyster Bay New York open to the general public The Theodore Roosevelt Association, (TRA is an historical and cultural organization based in Oyster Bay New York open to the general public The Association preserved TR's birthplace, "Sagamore Hill" home, papers, and video film. Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site is a recreated Brownstone at 28 E
Among the schools, neighborhoods, and streets named in Roosevelt's honor are Roosevelt High School in Seattle, Washington, the surrounding Roosevelt neighborhood, the district's main arterial, Roosevelt Way N. See also Roosevelt High School for schools of the same name Roosevelt High School (RHS is a Public school in the Seattle Public Schools Roosevelt is a neighborhood in north Seattle Washington. Its main thoroughfare originally 10th Avenue was renamed Roosevelt Way upon Theodore Roosevelt 's death E. , and Roosevelt Middle School in Eugene, Oregon. The city of Eugene ( "yoo-JEEN") is the County seat of Lane County, Oregon,
Overall, historians credit Roosevelt for changing the nation's political system by permanently placing the presidency at center stage and making character as important as the issues. His notable accomplishments include trust-busting and conservationism. However, he has been criticized for his interventionist and imperialist approach to nations he considered "uncivilized". Even so, history and legend have been kind to him. His friend, historian Henry Adams, proclaimed, "Roosevelt, more than any other living man . Henry Adams may refer to Henry Adams (mechanical engineer (1858-1929 American engineer Henry Adams (pastor (1802-1872 American . . . showed the singular primitive quality that belongs to ultimate matter — the quality that mediaeval theology assigned to God — he was pure act. " Historians typically rank Roosevelt among the top five presidents. [79][80]
Popular culture
Roosevelt's 1901 saying "Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick" is still being occasionally quoted by politicians and columnists in different countries - not only in English but also in translation to various other languages. For example, following the Second Lebanon War of August 2006, opponents of Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert accused him of "Speaking loudly and carrying a small stick". Background See also Israel-Lebanon conflict The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO had engaged in cross-border attacks from Southern Lebanon For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Ehud Olmert (אהוד אולמרט ɛˈhud ˈolmeʁt born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel and the former leader
The well-known Nicaraguan poet Rubén Darío published in 1905 a poem entitled A Roosevelt (To Roosevelt)[81] which was included in Cantos de Vida y Esperanza (Songs of Life and Hope)
As a charismatic President often considered larger than life, Roosevelt has appeared in numerous fiction books, television shows, films, and other media of popular culture. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America Félix Rubén García Sarmiento also known as Rubén Darío (Metapa January 18, 1867 &ndash Leon February 6, 1916) was a Roosevelt was played by Robin Williams in the box office hit Night at the Museum (2006) and its upcoming sequel. Robin McLaurim Williams (born July 21 1951 or 1952 is an American television stage and film actor and Comedian who has won an Academy Award for his performance Night at the Museum is a 2006 American Adventure Comedy film.
Filmmaker John Milius also directed two films in which Roosevelt was a central character: The Wind and the Lion (1975) in which he was played by Brian Keith; and Rough Riders (1997) in which he was played by Tom Berenger. John Frederick Milius (born April 11, 1944) is an American Screenwriter, director, and producer of Motion pictures The Wind and the Lion is a 1975 Adventure film. It was directed by John Milius and starred Sean Connery, Candice Bergen, Brian Keith (November 14 1921 – June 24 1997 was an American stage film and television actor Rough Riders is a 1997 four hour television Miniseries about Theodore Roosevelt and the regiment (the 1st US Volunteer Cavalry aka the Tom Berenger (born May 31, 1948) is an Academy Award -nominated and Golden Globe -winning American Actor known mainly for Keith's performance is widely considered to be the definitive screen depiction of Roosevelt.
Roosevelt's lasting popular legacy, however, is the stuffed toy bears—teddy bears—named after him following an incident on a hunting trip in 1902. The teddy bear is a stuffed Toy Bear. It is an enduring traditional form of a Stuffed animal, often serving the purpose of comforting children Roosevelt famously refused to kill a captured black bear simply for the sake of making a kill. The American Black Bear ( Ursus americanus) is the most common Bear Species native to North America. Bears and later bear cubs became closely associated with Roosevelt in political cartoons thereafter. [82]
On June 26, 2006, Roosevelt, once again, made the cover of TIME magazine with the lead story, "The Making of America—Theodore Roosevelt—The 20th Century Express": "At home and abroad, Theodore Roosevelt was the locomotive President, the man who drew his flourishing nation into the future. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and "[83]
The Washington Nationals major league baseball team has a fan tradition called the Presidents Race. The Washington Nationals is an American professional baseball team based in Washington D The Presidents Race is a promotional event held at every Washington Nationals home game at Nationals Park during the fourth inning In it four caricatures of presidents Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Theodore Roosevelt race against each other. A running gag has been Theodore Roosevelt's inability to win a single Presidents Race.
Media
Theodore Roosevelt was one of the first presidents whose voice was recorded for posterity. Several of his recorded speeches survive. [84]
-
Roosevelt in San Francisco, 1903
Teddy Roosevelt video montage - narrated by a third party.
- Problems seeing the videos? See media help.
See also
- Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. father
- Martha Bulloch mother
- Eleanor Roosevelt niece, First Lady of the United States (1933–1945)
- Alice Roosevelt first wife
- Edith Carow Roosevelt second wife
- Alice Roosevelt first daughter
- Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. first son
- Kermit Roosevelt second son
- Ethel Roosevelt second daughter
- Archibald Roosevelt third son
- Quentin Roosevelt fourth son
- Elliott Roosevelt brother
- Anna Cowles sister
- Corinne Robinson sister
- Philip Roosevelt cousin
- Franklin D. Roosevelt, fifth cousin, 32nd President of the United States
- Theodore Roosevelt Association 1920 organization founded to preserve Roosevelt's historical legacy
- Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia 1940 compendium of Roosevelt's key writings, sayings and conversations
- Reynier Tyson 4th great-grandfather, early German-American settler
- Panama Canal
- Great White Fleet
- Russo-Japanese War
- List of U.S. political appointments that crossed party lines
- Progressivism
- List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Spanish-American War
Notes and references
Notes
- ^ Until the ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1967, there was no provision for filling a mid-term vacancy in the office of Vice President. Archibald Hoxsey ( October 15, 1884 &ndash December 31, 1910) was an early pioneer aviator for the Wright brothers. Theodore Roosevelt Sr ( September 22, 1831 – February 9, 1878) was the father of U Martha Bulloch Roosevelt ( July 8, 1835 &ndash February 14, 1884) was the mother of US President Theodore Roosevelt and the paternal Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (ˈɛlɪnɔr ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 11 1884 &ndash November 7 1962 Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt ( July 29, 1861 in Chestnut Hill Massachusetts &ndash February 14, 1884 in Manhattan New York Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt ( August 6, 1861 &ndash September 30, 1948) second wife of Theodore Roosevelt, was First Lady Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth ( February 12, 1884 &ndash February 20, 1980) was the oldest child of Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th Theodore Roosevelt Jr or Theodore Roosevelt II (November 13 1887-July 12 1944 was an American political and business leader a Medal of Honor recipient who Kermit Roosevelt I MC ( October 10, 1889 – June 4, 1943) was a son of U Ethel Carow Roosevelt Derby ( August 13, 1891 &ndash December 10, 1977) was the youngest daughter and fourth child of the President Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt ( April 9, 1894 – October 13, 1979) the fifth child of US President Theodore Roosevelt was Quentin Roosevelt ( November 19, 1897 &ndash July 14, 1918) was the youngest and favorite son of President Theodore Roosevelt Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt ( February 28[[ 860]]- August 14[[ 894]] was the father of Anna Eleanor Roosevelt and the brother of U Anna Roosevelt Cowles ( January 18, 1855 &ndash August 25, 1931) was the older sister of United States President Corinne Roosevelt Robinson ( September 27, 1861 - February 17, 1933) was the younger sister of former President of the United States Philip Roosevelt may refer to several different generations of cousins of Theodore Roosevelt: Philip Roosevelt (WWI Capt Philip Roosevelt The Theodore Roosevelt Association, (TRA is an historical and cultural organization based in Oyster Bay New York open to the general public The Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia is a comprehensive project to publish in one collection the significant sayings important conversations and writings (less his letters of the The Panama Canal is a man-made Canal in Panama which joins the The Great White Fleet was the popular nickname for the United States Navy battle fleet that completed a Circumnavigation of the globe from December 16, The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September This is an incomplete list of Political appointees in the United States Government whose party was different from that of the President who made the appointment. Progressivism is a term that refers to a broad school of international social and political philosophies. The Twenty-fifth Amendment ( Amendment XXV) to the United States Constitution partially replaced the ambiguous wording of Article II Section 1 Clause Find Law for Legal Professionals - U.S. Constitution: Twenty-Fifth Amendment - Annotations
- ^ His last name is, according to the man himself, "pronounced as if it was spelled 'Rosavelt. ' That is in three syllables. The first syllable as if it was 'Rose. '" Hart, Albert B. ; Herbert R. Ferleger (1989). Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia (CD-ROM) 534–535. Theodore Roosevelt Association. Retrieved on 2007-06-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem ;
An audio recording in which Roosevelt pronounces his own last name distinctly. To listen at the correct speed, slow the recording down by 20%. Retrieved on July 12, 2007. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
How to Pronounce Theodore Roosevelt. Retrieved on 2007-06-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem - ^ Gable Ph. D. , Dr. John Allen. Theodore Roosevelt: A Selected Annotated Bibliography. Bibliography. Theodore Roosevelt Association. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- ^ John F. Kennedy is the youngest person to be elected President. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of Roosevelt was not elected until 1904, when he was 46.
- ^ National Health Care, HealthInsurance. info
- ^ Chris Farrell, It's Time to Cure Health Care, BusinessWeek
- ^ Bailey, Thomas A. (1966). Presidential Greatness. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts, 308.
- ^ Pringle (1931) p. 11
- ^ "TR's Legacy—The Environment". Retrieved March 6, 2006. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Thayer, William Roscoe (1919). Theodore Roosevelt: An Intimate Biography, Chapter I, p. 20. Bartleby. com.
- ^ Roosevelt, Theodore (1913). Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography, Chapter I, p. 13.
- ^ "The Film & More: Program Transcript Part One". Retrieved March 9, 2006. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Brands T. R. p. 49–50
- ^ Brands p. 62
- ^ The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt by Edmund Morris.
- ^ Brands, pp 123–29
- ^ "The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt," by Edmund Morris, pg 267.
- ^ "Theodore Roosevelt, A Biography, by Henry Pringle", pg 61
- ^ Thayer, Chapter V, pp. 4, 6.
- ^ Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910 Edition, Topic: Theodore Roosevelt
- ^ Although Roosevelt's father was also named Theodore Roosevelt, he died while the future president was still childless and unmarried, so the future President Roosevelt took the suffix of Sr. and subsequently named his son Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. Because Roosevelt was still alive when his grandson and namesake was born, his grandson was named Theodore Roosevelt III, and the president's son retained the Jr. Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt III ( 14 June 1914, in New York &ndash 2 May 2001) was the grandson of United States after his father's death.
- ^ See The Naval War of 1812, via Project Gutenberg.
- ^ Pringle (1931) p 116
- ^ Theodore Roosevelt Association. TR & Civil Rights.
- ^ Thayer, ch. VI, pp. 1–2.
- ^ Andrews, William, "The Early Years: The Challenge of Public Order - 1845 to 1870", - New York City Police Department History Site. Retrieved August 28, 2006. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Editors, "Leadership of the City of New York Police Department 1845–1901", - The New York City Police Department Museum. Retrieved August 28, 2006. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Brands ch 11
- ^ Brands ch 12
- ^ April 16, 1897: T. Roosevelt Appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy. Crucible of Empire - Timeline. PBS Online. Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
- ^ Transcript For "Crucible Of Empire". Crucible of Empire - Timeline. PBS Online. Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
- ^ Soots Letter
- ^ Brands ch 13
- ^ Medal of Honor. Life of Theodore Roosevelt. Theodore Roosevelt Association. Retrieved on 2007-10-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a
- ^ Center of Military History
- ^ Brands ch 14–15
- ^ The Oath of Office. USInfo. State. gov. Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
- ^ Bibles and Scripture Passages Used by Presidents in Taking the Oath of Office. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
- ^ Presidents Theodore Roosevelt 1858–1919. U-S-History. Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
- ^ Brands ch 16
- ^ Brands ch 17
- ^ Annual Message December 1904
- ^ Blum 1980 pp 43–44
- ^ See Edward S Miller,War Plan Orange (Annapolis, 1991)
- ^ The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia (2005). "Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909)". Retrieved March 6, 2006. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Penny Foolish - New York Times
- ^ a b c Hanson, David C. (2005). "Theodore Roosevelt: Lion in the White House". Retrieved March 6, 2006. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Smith, Ira R. T. ; Morris, Joe Alex (1949). "Dear Mr. President": The Story of Fifty Years in the White House Mail Room, p. 52. Julian Messner.
- ^ Kennedy, Robert C. (2005). "'I hear there are some kids in the White House this year'". Retrieved March 6, 2006. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Pringle 465–7
- ^ Some sources attribute this quote to one of Roosevelt's sons instead. Thayer, Chapter XIII, p. 7.
- ^ PRESIDENT TAKES PLUNGE IN SUBMARINE; Remains Below the Surface for Fif... - Article Preview - The New York Times
- ^ Tennessee Encyclopedia accessed March 7, 2008
- ^ Journal of Combative Sport: Yamashita goes to Washington
- ^ O'Toole, Patricia (2005) When Trumpets Call, p. 67, Simon and Schuster, ISBN 0-684-86477-0
- ^ Thayer, Chapter XXI, p. 10.
- ^ Carl M. Cannon, The Pursuit of Happiness in Times of War, Rowman & Littlefield: 2003, p. 142. ISBN 0742525929.
- ^ Thayer, Chapter XXII, pp. 25–31.
- ^ O'TOOLE, PATRICIA, "The War of 1912," TIME in Partneship with CNN, Jun. 25, 2006.
- ^ Roosevelt, Theodore. An Autobiography: XV. The Peace of Righteousness, Appendix B, NEW YORK: MACMILLAN, 1913.
- ^ Wisconsin Historical Society
- ^ Medical History of American Presidents
- ^ Excerpt from the Detroit Free Press, at Historybuff. The Detroit Free Press is the largest daily Newspaper in Detroit, Michigan, USA. com
- ^ Roosevelt Timeline
- ^ Thayer, Chapter XXIII, pp. 4–7.
- ^ Brands 781–4; Cramer, C. H. Newton D. Baker (1961) 110–113
- ^ Dalton, (2002)p 507
- ^ Larson, Keith (2006). "Theodore Roosevelt". Retrieved March 6, 2006. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Pinals, Robert S (Feb 2008). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common "Theodore Roosevelt's inflammatory rheumatism". J Clin Rheumatol 14 (1): 41-4. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 18431099.
- ^ Dalton, (2002) p. 507
- ^ Manners, William. TR and Will: A Friendship that Split the Republican Party. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc. , 1969.
- ^ "The Religious Affiliation of Theodore Roosevelt U.S. President". Retrieved March 7, 2006. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Reynolds, Ralph C. (1999). "In God We Trust: All Others Pay Cash". Retrieved March 7, 2006. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Matinecock Masonic Historical Society. "History". Retrieved March 12, 2006. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Thayer, Chapter XVII, pp. 22–24.
- ^ Shaw, K. B. & Maiden, David (2006). "Theodore Roosevelt". Retrieved March 7, 2006. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Amberger, J Christoph, Secret History of the Sword Adventures in Ancient Martial Arts 1998, ISBN 1-892515-04-0.
- ^ David H. Burton, The Learned Presidency 1988, p 12.
- ^ The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia (2005). "Biography: Impact and Legacy". Retrieved March 7, 2006. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Legacy". Retrieved March 7, 2006. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Dar%C3%ADo
- ^ "History of the Teddy Bear". Retrieved March 7, 2006. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "The Making of America—Theodore Roosevelt—The 20th Century Express". Time (2006). Retrieved on 2006-03-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor.
- ^ Vincent Voice Library at Michigan State University. Michigan State University ( MSU) is a co-educational public Research university in East Lansing, Michigan USA. Retrieved September 23, 2007.
Primary sources
- Auchincloss, Louis, ed. Theodore Roosevelt, The Rough Riders and an Autobiography (Library of America, 2004) ISBN 978-1-93108265-5
- Auchincloss, Louis, ed. The Library of America (LoA is a Nonprofit Publisher of classic American literature. Theodore Roosevelt, Letters and Speeches (Library of America, 2004) ISBN 978-1-93108266-2
- Brands, H. The Library of America (LoA is a Nonprofit Publisher of classic American literature. W. ed. The Selected Letters of Theodore Roosevelt. (2001)
- Harbaugh, William ed. The Writings Of Theodore Roosevelt (1967). A one-volume selection of Roosevelt's speeches and essays.
- Hart, Albert Bushnell and Herbert Ronald Ferleger, eds. Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia (1941), Roosevelt's opinions on many issues; online version at [1]
- Morison, Elting E. The Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia is a comprehensive project to publish in one collection the significant sayings important conversations and writings (less his letters of the , John Morton Blum, and Alfred D. Chandler, Jr. , eds. , The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, 8 vols. (1951–1954). Very large, annotated edition of letters from TR.
- Roosevelt, Theodore (1999). Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography. online at Bartleby. com.
- Roosevelt, Theodore. The Works of Theodore Roosevelt (National edition, 20 vol. 1926); 18,000 pages containing most of TR's speeches, books and essays, but not his letters; a CD-ROM edition is available; some of TR's books are available online through Project Bartleby
- Theodore Roosevelt books and speeches on Project Gutenberg
Secondary sources
- Blum, John Morton The Republican Roosevelt. (1954). Series of essays that examine how TR did politics
- Brands, H. W. Theodore Roosevelt (2001), full biography
- Chace, James. 1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft, and Debs - The Election That Changed the Country. (2004). 323 pp.
- Cooper, John Milton The Warrior and the Priest: Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt. (1983) a dual scholarly biography
- Dalton, Kathleen. Theodore Roosevelt: A Strenuous Life. (2002), full scholarly biography
- Fehn, Bruce. "Theodore Roosevelt and American Masculinity. " Magazine of History (2005) 19(2): 52–59. Issn: 0882-228x Fulltext online at Ebsco. Provides a lesson plan on TR as the historical figure who most exemplifies the quality of masculinity.
- Gluck, Sherwin. "T. R. 's Summer White House, Oyster Bay. " (1999) Chronicles the events of TR's presidency during the summers of his two terms.
- Goldman, Eric F. Rendezvous with Destiny: A History of Modern American Reform. (1952) ISBN 1566633699
- Gould, Lewis L. The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. (1991), standard history of his domestic and foreign policy as president
- Harbaugh, William Henry. The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt. (1963), full scholarly biography
- Keller, Morton, ed. , Theodore Roosevelt: A Profile (1967) excerpts from TR and from historians.
- Kohn, Edward. "Crossing the Rubicon: Theodore Roosevelt, Henry Cabot Lodge, and the 1884 Republican National Convention. " Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 2006 5(1): 18–45. Issn: 1537-7814 Fulltext: in History Cooperative
- Millard, Candice. River of Doubt: Theodore Roosevelt's Darkest Journey. (2005)
- McCullough, David. Mornings on Horseback, The Story of an Extraordinary Family. a Vanished Way of Life, and the Unique Child Who Became Theodore Roosevelt. (2001) popular biography to 1884
- Mellander, Gustavo A. (1971) The United States in Panamanian Politics: The Intriguing Formative Years. Daville,Ill. :Interstate Publishers. OCLC 138568.
- Mellander, Gustavo A. ; Nelly Maldonado Mellander (1999). Charles Edward Magoon: The Panama Years. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Editorial Plaza Mayor. ISBN 1563281554. OCLC 42970390.
- Morris, Edmund The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, to 1901 (1979); vol 2: Theodore Rex 1901–1909. Edmund Morris (born May 27, 1940 in Nairobi, Kenya) is a writer best known for his biographies of United States (2001); Pulitzer prize for Volume 1. Biography.
- Mowry, George. The Era of Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of Modern America, 1900–1912. (1954) general survey of era; online
- Mowry, George E. Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement. (2001) focus on 1912
- O'Toole, Patricia. When Trumpets Call: Theodore Roosevelt after the White House. (2005). 494 pp.
- Powell, Jim. Bully Boy: The Truth About Theodore Roosevelt's Legacy (Crown Forum, 2006). Denounces TR policies from conservative/libertarian perspective
- Pringle, Henry F. Theodore Roosevelt (1932; 2nd ed. 1956), full scholarly biography
- Putnam, Carleton Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography, Volume I: The Formative Years (1958), only volume published, to age 28.
- Renehan, Edward J. The Lion's Pride: Theodore Roosevelt and His Family in Peace and War. (Oxford University Press, 1998), examines TR and his family during the World War I period
- Strock, James M. Theodore Roosevelt on Leadership. Random House, 2003.
- Watts, Sarah. Rough Rider in the White House: Theodore Roosevelt and the Politics of Desire. 2003. 289 pp.
Foreign policy
- Beale Howard K. Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of America to World Power. (1956). standard history of his foreign policy
- Holmes, James R. Theodore Roosevelt and World Order: Police Power in International Relations. 2006. 328 pp.
- Marks III, Frederick W. Velvet on Iron: The Diplomacy of Theodore Roosevelt (1979)
- David McCullough. The Path between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914 (1977).
- Ricard, Serge. "The Roosevelt Corollary. " Presidential Studies Quarterly 2006 36(1): 17–26. Issn: 0360-4918 Fulltext: in Swetswise and Ingenta
- Tilchin, William N. and Neu, Charles E. , ed. Artists of Power: Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Their Enduring Impact on U. S. Foreign Policy. Praeger, 2006. 196 pp.
- Tilchin, William N. Theodore Roosevelt and the British Empire: A Study in Presidential Statecraft (1997)
External links
- Theodore Roosevelt Association - Founded in 1920 by Roosevelt's friends and admirers to preserve his legacy. Extensive online resources and bibliography
- Extensive essay on Theodore Roosevelt and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the Miller Center of Public Affairs
- NY Times Headline, January 6, 1919, Theodore Roosevelt Dies Suddenly at Oyster Bay Home; Nation Shocked, Pays Tribute to Former President; Our Flag on All Seas and in All Lands at Half Mast
- "The Early Years: The Challenge of Public Order - 1845 to 1870", by William Andrews, New York City Police Department History Site
- "Leadership of the City of New York Police Department 1845–1901", - The New York City Police Department Museum
- PBS "American Experience" Theodore Roosevelt
- My Brother Theodore Roosevelt, 1921 By Corinne Roosevelt Robinson, a bestseller with a woman's and sister's point of view on TR. Full text and Full text Search, Free to Read and Search.
- Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt
- Downloadable audio recordings of Roosevelt in MP3 format
- Audio clips of Roosevelt's speeches
- Roosevelt podcastsAudio Recording of Roosevelt's Progressive Party Acceptance Speech, "Progressive Covenant with the People" with text included.
- Quotes
- Theodore Roosevelt Works - Bartleby's Online Books
- Presidential Biography by Stanley L. Klos
- Works by Theodore Roosevelt at Project Gutenberg
- Works by/about Theodore Roosevelt] at Internet Archive
- Index of T. Roosevelt Etexts
- Detailed biography of Theodore Roosevelt from the 1911 version of Encyclopedia Britannica
- Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural Address
- State of the Union addresses for 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, and 1908
- Nobel Peace Prize 1906: Theodore Roosevelt
- Theodore Roosevelt Papers at the Library of Congress
- Theodore Roosevelt: His Life & Times on Film (LOC)
- Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site
- Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site
- Sagamore Hill National Historic Site
- Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural Site: Birthplace of the Modern Presidency, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
- NobelPrize.org's entry on Theodore Roosevelt
- Congressional Medal of Honor's entry on Theodore Roosevelt; including citation and pictures
- Medal of Honor Recipients on Film
- White House biography
- Family and Descendants of Theodore Roosevelt
- Ron Schuler's Parlour Tricks: Teddy
- Theodore Roosevelt Links
- Theodore Roosevelt Quotes, Pictures and Biography at TeddyRoosevelt.com
- Theodore Roosevelt cylinder recordings, from the Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works The Internet Archive ( IA) is a Nonprofit organization dedicated to maintaining an on-line Library and archive of Web and The Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project is a free digital collection maintained by the University of California Santa Barbara Libraries with streaming and downloadable The University of California Santa Barbara ( UCSB) is a selective research-oriented public university located on the Pacific Ocean in Santa Barbara County California
- On Theodore Roosevelt's progressive vision from the Roosevelt Institution, a student think tank inspired in part by Theodore Roosevelt. A think tank (also called a policy institute) is an organization institute corporation or group that conducts Research and engages in advocacy in areas such
- Boone and Crockett Club, founded by Theodore Roosevelt
- How to pronounce Theodore Roosevelt
- Yesterday's News blog 1901 newspaper account of Roosevelt's "Big Stick" speech at the Minnesota State Fair
- Archive of Theodore Roosevelt Pictures
- still of Theodore Roosevelt going on first aeroplane flight
- different view of Theodore Roosevelt & Arch Hoxsey in Wright aeroplane St Louis October 1910
- Works by or about Theodore Roosevelt in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Theodore Roosevelt at Find A Grave
| Party political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| New political party | Progressive Party presidential candidate 1912 |
Party disbanded |
| Honorary titles | ||
| Preceded by Grover Cleveland |
Oldest U.S. President still living June 24, 1908 – March 4, 1909 |
Succeeded by William Howard Taft |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr. Archibald Hoxsey ( October 15, 1884 &ndash December 31, 1910) was an early pioneer aviator for the Wright brothers. WorldCat is a Union catalog which itemizes the collections of more than 10000 libraries which participate in the OCLC global cooperative Find A Grave is a Website allowing its users to access maintain and expand an online Database of Burial records The United States Progressive Party of 1912 was a political party created by a split in the Republican Party in the presidential election of 1912. The United States presidential election of 1912 was fought among three major candidates two of whom had previously won election to the office Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18 1837 June 24 1908 was both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. List of United States Presidents by ageThis is a chronology of who was the oldest living President of the United States, former or current at any given time William Howard Taft (September 15 1857 – March 8 1930 was an American politician, the twenty-seventh President of the United States, the tenth Chief Justice |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | 26th President of the United States |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 27, 1858 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | New York City |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 6, 1919 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Oyster Bay, New York |
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic