Theatre - Citizendia

This article is about the field of performing arts. The performing arts are those forms of Art which differ from the Plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own Body, Face and presence For the structure theatre is performed in, see theatre (structure). This article is about venues for live Theatre performances for information about venues for Film projection see Movie theater. For other uses, see Theatre (disambiguation).

New York State Theater, Lincoln Center

Performing arts
Major forms
Theatre · Music · Dance Opera · Film Television · Radio
Subjects
Comedy · Tragedy · Satire Epic

Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) (from French "théâtre", from Greek "theatron", θέατρον, meaning "place of seeing") is the branch of the performing arts defined as simply as what "occurs when one or more persons, isolated in time and/or space, present themselves to another or others. The New York State Theater (to be renamed in 2008 the David H The performing arts are those forms of Art which differ from the Plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own Body, Face and presence Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human An epic is a lengthy Narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation American and British English spelling differences are one aspect of American and British English differences. The performing arts are those forms of Art which differ from the Plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own Body, Face and presence An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works This article is about venues for live Theatre performances for information about venues for Film projection see Movie theater. Brooklyn Book Festival crowd by David Shankbonejpg|thumb|An audience at the Brooklyn Book Festival in New York City. "^[1] By this broad definition, theatre has existed since the dawn of man, as a result of human tendency for story telling. Since its inception, theatre has come to take on many forms, often utilizing elements such as speech, gesture, music, dance, and spectacle, combining the other performing arts, often as well as the visual arts, into a single artistic form. Modern Western theatre is dominated by realism, although many other forms, including classical and experimental forms, as well as Eastern forms, are frequently performed. Realism in the Visual arts and Literature is the depiction of subjects as they appear in Everyday life, without embellishment or interpretation

History

Main article: History of theatre

The earliest recorded theatrical event dates back to 2000 BC with the passion plays of Ancient Egypt. Asian Theatre Indian Theatre See also Theatre in India, Sanskrit drama Folk theatre and dramatics can be traced to the religious ritualism A Passion play is a Dramatic presentation depicting the Passion of Christ: the trial, suffering and Death Ancient Egypt was an Ancient Civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now This story of the god Osiris was performed annually at festivals throughout the civilization, marking the known beginning of a long relationship between theatre and religion. Osiris ( Greek language, also Usiris; the Egyptian language name is variously transliterated Asar, Aser, Ausar, Ausir

The Ancient Greeks were the first to begin to formalize theatre as an art, developing strict definitions of tragedy and comedy as well as other forms, including satyr plays. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and Satyr plays were an ancient Greek form of tragicomedy similar to the modern-day Burlesque style Like the passion plays of Ancient Egypt, Greek plays made use of mythological characters. The Greeks were also the first to develop the concepts of dramatic criticism, acting as a career, and theatre architecture.

Western theatre continued to develop under the Roman Empire, in medieval England, and continued to thrive, taking on many forms in Spain, Italy, France, and Russia in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Great Britain during the Middle Ages (from the 5th century withdrawal of Roman forces from the province of Britannia A uniquely American theatre developed along with the colonization of North America.

The history of Eastern theatre is traced back to 1000 BC with the Sanskrit drama of India. Drama as a distinct genre of Sanskrit literature emerges in the final centuries BC although its exact origins remain unknown India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Japanese forms of Kabuki, Noh, and Kyogen date back to the 17th centuries. is a form of traditional Japanese theatre. Kabuki theatre is known for the stylization of its drama and for the elaborate Make-up worn by some of its performers or is a major form of classic Japanese musical Drama that has been performed since the 14th century Other Eastern forms were developed throughout China, Korea, and Southeast Asia. Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia.

Types

Summer Theatre in Szczecin, Poland. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland

Modern Western theatre is dominated by realism, including drama and comedy. Drama is the specific mode of Fiction represented in Performance. Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and Another popular Western form is musical theater. Musical theatre is a form of Theatre combining Music, Songs spoken Dialogue and Dance. Classical forms of theatre, including Greek and Roman drama, classic English drama including Shakespeare and Marlowe, French theater including Molière and commedia dell'arte, are still performed today. William Shakespeare ( baptised Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, also known by his Stage name, Molière, ( January 15, 1622 – February 17 1673) was a French Commedia dell'Arte ( Italian: "the comedy of artists" is a form of Improvisational theatre that began in Italy in the 16th century In addition, performances of classic Eastern forms such as Noh and Kabuki can be found in the West, although with less frequency. or is a major form of classic Japanese musical Drama that has been performed since the 14th century is a form of traditional Japanese theatre. Kabuki theatre is known for the stylization of its drama and for the elaborate Make-up worn by some of its performers

Drama

Serge Sudeikin's poster for the Bat Theatre (1922). Sergey Yurievich Sudeikin, also known as Serge Soudeikine (1882-1946 was a Russian artist and set-designer associated with the Ballets Russes and

Drama (literally translated as action, from a verbal root meaning "To do") is the branch of theatre in which speech, either from written text (plays), or improvised is paramount. Drama is the specific mode of Fiction represented in Performance. A play, or stageplay, is a form of Literature written by a Playwright, almost always consisting of Dialogue between Fictional characters Improvisation (also called extemporization) is the practice of acting singing talking and reacting of making and creating in the moment and in response to the stimulus of And the companion word drama is also Greek, dran meaning to do. One of the earliest known forms of theatre, the Theatre of ancient Greece, created the definition of a theatre: an audience in a half-circle watching an elevated stage where actors use props staging plays. The theatre of ancient Greece, or ancient Greek drama, is a theatrical Culture that flourished in ancient Greece between c A theatrical property, commonly referred to as a prop, is any object held or used on stage by an Actor for use in furthering the plot or story line of a Theatrical Musical theatre is a form of theatre combining music, songs, dance routines, and spoken dialogue. Musical theatre is a form of Theatre combining Music, Songs spoken Dialogue and Dance. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. A song is a Musical composition. Songs contain vocal parts that are performed 'sung' and generally feature Words ( Lyrics) commonly followed Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic A dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog) is a reciprocal Conversation between two or more entities. However, theatre is more than just what one sees on stage. In Theatre, the stage (sometimes referred to as the deck in Stagecraft) is a designated space for the Performance of theatrical productions Theatre involves an entire world behind the scenes that creates the costumes, sets, and lighting to make the overall effect interesting.

Comedy

Coming from the Greek word komos which means celebration, revel, or merrymaking, comedy often focuses on a problem that leads to some form of catastrophe which in the end has a happy and joyful outcome. The Komos (in Greek κώμος pl komoi was a ritualistic drunken procession performed by revelers in ancient Greece whose participants were known as komasts Designed to make the audience laugh, comedy often includes archetypal characters and precisely timed banter.

Musical theatre

Since the beginning of known theatre, music and theatre have always had a close, intertwined relationship. Modern musical theatre emerged from the variety shows and "follies" of the early 20th century and includes a combination of dialogue, song and dance, and spectacle. Broadway musicals of the 21st century include lavish costumes and sets supported by million dollar budgets.

Other types of theatre

Contemporary Western Forms

Black comedy: Comedy that tests the boundaries of good taste and moral acceptability by juxtaposing morbid or ghastly elements with comical ones. Black comedy, also known as black humor or dark comedy, is a sub-genre of Comedy and Satire where topics and events that are usually regarded
Dance theater: marked by hightened movement, often having no text. The German Tanztheater ("dance theatre" grew out of German Expressionist dance.
Devised theatre, also called 'collaborative creation': Where the piece is originally created not by a writer or writers, but by the performers themselves. Devised theatre (also called collaborative creation, particularly in the United States is a form of Theatre where the script originates not from a writer or
Digital theatre
Domestic drama: Drama that focuses on the everyday domestic lives of people and their relationships in the community where they live. Strictly Digital theatre is a hybrid art form gaining strength from Theatre ’s ability to facilitate imagination and create human connections and Digital Domestic drama expresses and focuses on the realistic everyday lives of middle or lower classes in a certain society generally referring to the post- Renaissance eras
Durational theatre: theatre which goes on for an unusual amount of time, such as Peter Brook's production of the Mahabarata (which lasted 9 hours).
Farce: A comic dramatic piece that uses highly improbable situations, stereotyped characters, extravagant exaggeration, fast pacing, and violent horseplay. A farce is a Comedy written for the stage or film which aims to Entertain the audience by means of unlikely extravagant and improbable situations disguise and mistaken
Improvisational theatre: A form of theatre where some or all of the action is created by the performers during the performance. Improvisational theatre (also known as improv or impro) is a form of Theatre in which the Actors use Improvisational acting techniques
Installational theatre: when performances are done as an installation and the audience is free to come and go as they wish. Often done as durational theatre.
"In-yer-face theatre": A term coined by British critic Aleks Sierz to describe drama that emerged in Great Britain in the 1990s by young playwrights who present vulgar, shocking, and confrontational material on stage as a means of involving and affecting their audiences. In-yer-face theatre describes Drama that emerged in Great Britain in the 1990s In-yer-face theatre describes Drama that emerged in Great Britain in the 1990s See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands
Meta-theatre: A genre of theatre made popular with mostly modern audiences, although it did start back in the Elizabethan Era. The word metatheatre was coined by Lionel Abel and although the term has entered into common critical usage there is still much uncertainty over its proper definition and Romance and reality The Victorian era and the early twentieth century idealised the Elizabethan era Meta-Theatre is when a play often completely demolishes the so called "fourth wall" and completely engages the audience. The fourth wall is the imaginary wall at the front of the stage in a Proscenium Theater, through which the audience sees the action in the world of the play Often about a group of actors, a director, writer and so on. It usually blurs the line between what is scripted and what goes on by accident.
Performance art
Physical theatre: Theatrical performance in which the primary means of communication is the body, through dance, mime, puppetry and movement, rather than the spoken word. This article is about Performance art For other uses see Performance (disambiguation Physical Theatre is a general term used to describe any mode of Performance that pursues Storytelling through primarily physical means
Poor theatre: Jerzy Grotowski coined the phrase "poor theatre" in reference to the work he was doing with his theatre troupe in Poland. Jerzy Grotowski (11 August 1933 Rzeszów, Poland - 14 January 1999 Pontedera, Italy) was a Polish theatre director who developed Grotowski's style of poor theatre consisted of many important fine points. For one, there was not a separate stage and place for the audience; instead the actors and the audience shared the same space. There were no sets, props, lighting, music, or any other technical features. The actors were paramount, although their costumes were simple. Grotowski had his actors go through physical training, and even would spend many months rehearsing a play. Some of these poor theatre plays would only be performed once, to a small audience. This theatre style was very popular during the 1960s and 70s, and later on, was used by many acting troupes around the world.
Postmodern theatre
Promenade theatre: Theatre in which the audience moves about the space themselves, whether freely or as directed by the performers. Postmodern theatre is a recent phenomenon in world Theatre, coming as it does out of the postmodern Philosophy that originated in Europe in the Environmental theater sometimes called site-specific theater, is a style of theatrical performance which strives for greater authenticity and audience engagement by staging Often used in Site Specific production (e. g. Periplum or Punchdrunk).
Rock opera: Concept albums and stage works performed in a dramatic context reminiscent of opera, except that the musical form is rock music. Rock operas, Concept albums Song cycles and Oratorios all differ from a conventional rock album which usually includes songs that are unrelated to each In Popular music, a concept album is an Album which is "unified by a theme which can be instrumental compositional narrative or lyrical"
Romantic comedy: A medley of clever scheming, calculated coincidence, and wondrous discovery, all of which contribute ultimately to making the events answer precisely to the hero's or heroine's wishes, with the focus on love.
Satire: Plays of comedy/drama where the use of wit (mainly via humour), especially irony, sarcasm, and ridicule, to attack the vices and follies of humankind drives the story. Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human Also: mocking, ironic, spoof, sardonic, humorous, tongue-in-cheek, and sarcastic themes, sayings, quips and tones of speech support the style. Tongue-in-cheek is a term used to refer to humor in which a statement or an entire fictional work is not meant to be taken seriously but its lack of seriousness is subtle
Site specific theatre
Spex theatre
Theatre for social change: Theatre that addresses a social issue and uses performance as a way of illustrating injustice to the audience. Site specific theatre is a Performance which can only be done in a particular place or site Spex is a kind of amateur Comedy theatre act performed by university students in Sweden and parts of Finland.
Theatre of the Absurd: Term coined by Martin Esslin to refer to playwrights in Europe and the United States after World War II whose work reflected a sense of being adrift in a world where known values had been shattered. The Theatre of the Absurd ( French: Théâtre de l'Absurde) is a designation for particular plays written by a number of primarily European Playwrights Martin Julius Esslin ( June 6, 1918 &ndash February 24, 2002) was a Hungarian -born English producer and script World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including No playwrights ever dubbed themselves "Absurdists," although it has become commonplace to refer to Samuel Beckett, Eugène Ionesco, Harold Pinter, and Jean Genet, among others, by this term. Samuel Barclay Beckett (13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989 was an Irish Writer, Dramatist and poet Eugène Ionesco, born Eugen Ionescu ( November 26, 1909 – March 28, 1994 Jean Genet (ʒɑ̃ ʒəˈnɛ in French ( –) was a prominent controversial French writer and later political activist. It can be seen as related to the philosophy of existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophical doctrine which posits that individuals create the meaning and essence of their lives and that this essence follows from their existence
Total theatre: Most frequently invoked in reference to Richard Wagner's concept of a Gesamtkuntswerk, or "Total Art Work," in which music, drama, and dance operate together. It has also been used by artists such as Steven Berkoff, who created a style where the actors become both characters and set, often using just one prop throughout the entire play. Steven Berkoff (born 3 August 1937 is an English Actor, Writer and director. The style uses features of Greek theatre (eg. a chorus or didactic message), exaggeration and surrealism. The Greek chorus ( choros) is believed to have grown out of the Greek Dithyrambs and Tragikon drama in tragic plays of the ancient Didacticism is an artistic philosophy that emphasizes instructional and informative qualities in Literature and other types of Art. Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members
Tragedy: A drama that treats in a serious and dignified style the sorrowful or terrible events encountered or caused by a heroic individual. The word "Tragedy" comes from the Greek word "Tragos" which is translated to "Goat". The original meaning may come from the mystery plays of the cult of Dionysos, which centered on the god being killed and his body ripped to pieces, and with a goat or other animal as a proxy for the bloodshed.
Tragicomedy: A drama that has a bitter/sweet quality, containing elements of tragedy and comedy. Tragicomedy is Fictional work that blend aspects of the Genres of Tragedy and Comedy.

Classic Western forms

Comedy of manners: Witty, cerebral form of dramatic comedy that depicts and often satirises the manners and affectations of a contemporary society. The comedy of manners satirizes the manners and affectations of a Social class, often represented by Stock characters, such as the Miles gloriosus A comedy of manners is concerned with social usage and the question of whether or not characters meet certain social standards.
Commedia dell'Arte: A very physical form of comedy which was created and originally performed in Italy. Commedia dell'Arte ( Italian: "the comedy of artists" is a form of Improvisational theatre that began in Italy in the 16th century Commedia uses a series of stock characters and a list of events to improvise an entire play. A stock character is one which relies heavily on cultural types or names for his or her personality manner of speech and other characteristics
Epic theatre - The theatre of Brecht
Grand Guignol: Now broadly used to refer to any play with on-stage violence, the term originally referred to the bloody and gruesome melodramas produced at the Theatre du Grand Guignol in Paris, France. The Grand Guignol ( pronounced giɲɔl was a theatre ( Le Théâtre du Grand-Guignol) in the Pigalle area of Paris (at 20 bis rue Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
Light opera
Melodrama: Originally, a sentimental drama with musical underscoring. Comic opera, or light opera, denotes a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature usually with a happy ending Melodrama refers to theatre in which music is used to increase the spectator's emotional response or to suggest character types Often with an unlikely plot that concerns the suffering of the good at the hands of the villains but ends happily with good triumphant. Featuring stock characters such as the noble hero, the long-suffering heroine, and the cold-blooded villain.
Morality play: A morality play is an allegory in which the characters are abstractions of moral ideas. Morality Play is a detective story by Barry Unsworth, a Man Booker Prize -winning author for his book Sacred Hunger Published in 1996 by
Opera: A theatrical genre in which a story is told and emotion is conveyed primarily through singing (with instrumental music). Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto
Pantomime: A form of musical drama in which elements of dance, mime, puppetry, slapstick, and melodrama are combined to produce an entertaining and comic theatrical experience, often designed for children. Pantomime (informally panto) (not to be confused with a Mime artist, referring to a theatrical performer of mime is a performance genre traditionally found
Proletcult Theatre
Son et lumière - Using sound and lights to convey atmosphere, rather necessarily having a narrative or plot. Proletcult Theatre is a Russian theatrical tradition that was concerned with the powerful expression of ideological content as political Propaganda in the
Theatre of cruelty - the theatre of Antonin Artaud
Theatre of the Oppressed

Eastern Forms

Khaymeshab Bazi: Persian puppet plays
Kutiyattam
Natya: Sacred classical Indian musical theatre that includes natya proper (mime) and nritta (pure dance). This article is about the style of drama For the short story see Theatre of Cruelty (Discworld The Theatre of Cruelty is a concept The Theatre of the Oppressed is a method elaborated by the Brazilian director Augusto Boal, who was influenced by the work of Paulo Freire, starting from the 60s Koodiyattam or Kutiyattam (kuːʈijaːʈːam is a form of Sanskrit theatre traditionally performed in the state of Kerala, India. The Nātya Shastra ( Sanskrit: Nātyaśāstra नाट्य शास्त्र is an ancient Indian treatise on the Performing arts The Nātya Shastra ( Sanskrit: Nātyaśāstra नाट्य शास्त्र is an ancient Indian treatise on the Performing arts
Nautanki: A diverse Indian form of street plays consisting of folklore and mythological dramas with interludes of folk songs and dances. Nautanki is a famous form of theater very much popular in northern India especially in the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
Noh theatre - A form of Japanese theatre
Saye-bazi Persian shadow plays
Rouhozi- Persian comedy
Ta'zieh- A funeral-like performance from Persia
Temple dance

Theatrical Philosophy

Amazonas Theatre in Manaus, Brazil. or is a major form of classic Japanese musical Drama that has been performed since the 14th century Ta'zieh ( Persian: تعزیه means Condolence Theater and Naqqali are traditional Persian Theatrical genres in which the Drama Temple dance denotes a religious performance held in the temples Manaus is a largest city in the Amazonia Brazil and capital of Amazonas State. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld

There are a variety of philosophies, artistic processes, and theatrical approaches to creating plays and drama. Some are connected to political or spiritual ideologies, and some are based on purely "artistic" concerns. Some processes focus on a story, some on theatre as event, and some on theatre as catalyst for social change. According to Aristotle's seminal theatrical critique Poetics, there are six elements necessary for theatre: Plot, Character, Idea, Language, Music, and Spectacle. Aristotle (Greek Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC was a Greek philosopher a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. Aristotle 's Poetics ( Greek: Ποιητικός, c 335 BCE aims to give an account of what he calls 'poetry' (for him the term includes the The 17th century Spanish writer Lope de Vega wrote that for theatre one needs "three boards, two actors, and one passion". Lope de Vega (also Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio or Lope Félix de Vega Carpio) ( 25 November 1562 &ndash 27 August 1635 Others notable for their contribution to theatrical philosophy are Konstantin Stanislavski, Antonin Artaud, Bertolt Brecht, Orson Welles, Peter Brook, and Jerzy Grotowski. Constantin Sergeyevich Stanislavski (Константин Antoine Marie Joseph Artaud, better known as Antonin Artaud ( September 4, 1896, in Marseille – March 4, 1948 in (born; 10 February 1898&ndash14 August 1956 was a German Poet, Playwright, and Theatre director. George Orson Welles (May 6 1915 – October 10 1985 was an Academy Award -winning director, writer actor and producer for film stage radio and television Peter Stephen Paul Brook CH, CBE (born 21 March 1925) is a British theatre and Film director and innovator Jerzy Grotowski (11 August 1933 Rzeszów, Poland - 14 January 1999 Pontedera, Italy) was a Polish theatre director who developed

Some theatre theorists argue that actors should study all of the commonly-taught acting methods to perfect their craft (though many others disagree), such as the Meisner, Stanislavsky, Strasberg, and Hagen acting methods. The Meisner Technique is an Acting technique developed by and named after Sanford Meisner. Stanislavski's system is an approach to acting developed by Constantin Stanislavski, a Russian Actor, director, and theatre administrator Method acting is an Acting technique in which Actors try to replicate real life emotional conditions under which the character operates in an effort to create a life-like ‘Presentational acting’ and the related ‘representational acting’ are critical terms used within Theatre Aesthetics and criticism Theatre, overall, encompasses people, ideas, and the works of art that result from their collaboration.

Theatre Organization and Administration

There are many modern theater movements which go about producing theater in a variety of ways.

Amateur v. Professional

Theaters run the gamut from amateur to professional. In community theaters, as well as in educational theater, actors are typically not paid. Fringe theatre productions are typically paid, but minimally so. Broadway productions are known for their large budgets. The spectrum of amateur to professional is as follows:

Repertory Companies

While most modern theater companies rehearse one piece of theater at a time, perform that piece for a set "run", retire the piece, and begin rehearsing a new show, repertory companies rehearse multiple shows at one time. WikiProject {{{1}}} The definition of Community Theatre differs in the US from the UK Dinner theater (sometimes called dinner and a show) is a form of Entertainment that combines a Restaurant Meal with a staged play. Fringe theatre is a term used to describe Alternative theatre, or entertainment not of the mainstream Summer Stock is also the title of a 1950 musical motion picture starring Judy Garland Regional theaters (also called resident theaters) in the United States are professional Theater companies that produce their own seasons Off-Off-Broadway refers to theatrical productions including plays, musicals or Performance art pieces performed in New York City in smaller theatres Off-Broadway plays or musicals are performed in New York City. Fringe theatre is a term used to describe Alternative theatre, or entertainment not of the mainstream Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of London 's "Theatreland" For other meanings of repertory please see Repertory (disambiguation. These companies are able to perform these various pieces upon request and often perform works for years before retiring them. Most dance companies operate on this repertory system.

Producing v. Presenting

In order to put on a piece of theater, both a theater company and a theater venue are needed. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one This article is about venues for live Theatre performances for information about venues for Film projection see Movie theater. When a theater company is the sole company in residence at a theater venue, this theater (and it's corresponding theater company) are called a resident theater or a producing theater, because the venue produces it's own work. Other theater companies, as well as dance companies, do not have their own theater venue. These companies will therefore either perform at rental theaters or at presenting theaters. Both rental and presenting theaters have no full time resident companies. They do, however, sometimes have one (or multiple) part time resident companies, in addition to other independent partner companies who arrange to use the space when available. A rental theater allows the independent companies to seek out the space, while a presenting theater seeks out the independent companies to support their work by presenting them on their stage.

Found theater is an exception to this rule, putting on pieces of theater without a theater venue. These performances can take place outside or inside, in a non-traditional performance space, and include street theater. Street theatre is a form of theatrical Performance and presentation in outdoor Public spaces without a specific paying Audience.

A touring company is an independent theater or dance company that travels, often internationally, being presented at a different theater is each city.

Theaters for Specific Genres

Because there is such a range of genres within theater, there is a wide range of needs for different types of performances. For this reason, theater venues often specialize in a particular genre. This includes dance theaters and opera houses. This is a list of theaters designated for the express purpose of presenting dance performances An opera house is a theater building used for Opera performances that consists of a stage an orchestra pit audience seating and backstage facilities for costumes Concert halls are venues designed specifically for music performances, although they often hold dance performances, as well, and are only labeled "theaters" by a broad definition of the word. A concert hall is a cultural building which serves as performance venue chiefly for classical instrumental music

For Profit v. Not for Profit

The majority of theater venues and companies are non-profit organizations. A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage However, some large theaters, especially on Broadway operate for profit.

Union v. Non-Union

There are many theater unions including Actors Equity Association (for actors and stage managers), the Society for Directors and Choreographers (SSDC), and the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE, for designers and technicians). Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The Actors' Equity Association (AEA commonly referred to as Actors' Equity Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes, Many theaters require that their staff be members of these organizations.

Notable theatre festivals

Blyth Festival - Blyth, Ontario, Canada. Blyth is a community in the municipality of North Huron, Huron County, Ontario, Canada.
Curitiba Theatre Festival - Brazil.
Edinburgh International Festival. The Edinburgh International Festival is a festival of Performing arts that takes place in the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, over three weeks from around
Festival Iberoamericano de Teatro de Bogotá.
Festival Internacional de Artistas de Rua da Bahia - Brazil. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld (Street artists).
Galway Arts Festival (Galway Ireland).
Golden Mask Festival (Russia).
Natyanjali Classical Indian musical theatre festival in the Hindu temples of South India. Annual Classical Indian dance festival timed to Shiva Ratri. Originally was introduced at the Chidambaram temple but nowadays also organized at many other temples in Kumbakonam South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union
Oregon Shakespeare Festival - Ashland, Oregon. Ashland is a city in Jackson County, Oregon, United States, near Interstate 5 and the California
Pacific Playwrights Festival at South Coast Repertory (Costa Mesa, California). The Pacific Playwrights Festival (PPF a national forum for playwrights and theatre leaders is dedicated to developing and producing new American plays South Coast Repertory ( SCR) is a professional Theatre company located in Costa Mesa California. Costa Mesa is a Suburban city in Orange County California, United States.
Project06 (Galway Ireland).
Shaw Festival - Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada.
Stratford Shakespeare Festival - Stratford, Ontario, Canada. Stratford is a city on the Avon River in Perth County in Southwestern Ontario, Canada with

Awards in theatre

Drama Desk Award (USA)
Dora Award (Canada)
Elliot Norton Awards (Boston, MA, USA)
European Theatre Award (Europe)
Evening Standard Awards (United Kingdom)
Golden Mask Award (Russia)
Green Room Award (Australia)
Hans-Reinhart-Ring (Switzerland)
Helpmann Award (Australia)
Jessie Award (Canada)
Joseph Jefferson Award (USA)
Laurence Olivier Awards (United Kingdom)
London Critics' Circle Theatre Awards (United Kingdom)
Lucille Lortel Award (USA)
Manchester Evening News Annual Drama Awards (United Kingdom)
Matilda Award (Australia)
Musical Awards Gala (Netherlands)
Naledi Theatre Awards (South Africa)
New York Innovative Theatre Awards (USA)
Masks (Quebec, Canada)
Molière Award (France)
Obie Award (USA)
Sangeet Natak Academy Award (India)
Sterling Award (Canada)
Theatre Pasta Theatre Awards (USA)Official Website
Tony Award (USA)

Technical theatre

Main article: Stagecraft

The most recognisable figures in theatre are the directors, playwrights, and actors, but theatre is a highly collaborative endeavour. The Drama Desk Award, created in 1955, is an award which recognizes shows produced on Broadway, Off-Broadway, Off-off-Broadway, and The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Evening Standard Theatre Awards, established in 1955 are presented annually for outstanding achievements in London Theatre. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Green Room Awards are peer awards which recognise excellence in Cabaret, Dance, Drama, Fringe theatre, Musical theatre The Hans-Reinhart-Ring (in French L'Anneau Hans-Reinhart) is a prestigious Swiss Award in Theatre. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The Helpmann Awards recognise distinguished artistic achievement and excellence in Australia's live performing arts sectors The Joseph Jefferson Awards (The Jeff Awards are given annually by a volunteer non-profit committee to acknowledge excellence in theatre in the Chicago The Laurence Olivier Award is regarded as the most prestigious award in British theatre and is presented in recognition of artistic achievement in London theatre The Critics' Circle Theatre Awards ("Drama Theatre Awards" in 1989 and 1990 are presented annually for the year's theatrical achievements The Lucille Lortel Awards recognize excellence in New York Off-Broadway theatre The Manchester Evening News (also known as MEN Media) is an English daily Newspaper published each week day evening and on Saturdays The Matilda Awards are awards which recognise excellence in Cabaret, Dance, Drama, Fringe theatre, Musical theatre and Opera The New York Innovative Theatre Awards (IT Awards were founded in 2004 Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Molière Award is the national theatre award of France decided by the Association professionnelle et artistique du théâtre (APAT and given out every April or This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Obie Awards or Off-Broadway Theater Awards are annual awards bestowed by The Village Voice newspaper to Off-Broadway Theater Sangeet Natak Akademi ( Devanāgarī: संगीत नाटक अकादेमी or The National Academy for Music Dance and Drama in The Theatre Pasta Theatre Awards are administered by three organizationsChilsag International Actor’s Experimental Lab USA and Theatre Pasta the InternationalTheatre Magazine The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American Theatre and are presented Stagecraft is a generic term referring to the technical aspects of theatrical film and video production A theatre director or stage director is a practitioner in the Theatre field who oversees and orchestrates the mounting of a theatre production (a play, A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or Drama. An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works Plays are usually produced by a production team that commonly includes a scenic or set designer, lighting designer, costume designer, sound designer, dramaturg, stage manager, and production manager. A production team is the group of technical staff who produce a play television show or film Scenic design (also known as stage design, set design or production design) is the creation of theatrical, as well as Film or The role of the lighting designer (or LD) within Theatre is to work with the director, Set designer, Costume designer, and sometimes Costume design is the Design of the appearance of the characters in a Theater or cinema performance Sound design is a technical/conceptually creative field It covers all non-compositional elements of a film a play a music performance A dramaturge or dramaturg is a position within a theatre that deals mainly with research and development Stage management is a sub-discipline of Stagecraft. Although a somewhat fluid line of work in essence the stage management team (which can consist of a production Theatrical production management is a sub-division of Stagecraft. The artistic staff is assisted by technical theatre personnel who handle creation and execution of the production. Stagecraft is a generic term referring to the technical aspects of theatrical film and video production

References

^ Bernard Beckerman, head of Hofstra University's department of drama, in his book, Dynamics of Drama

External links

Actor Factor Theatre Company The most dynamic theatre group in New Delhi
Actors' Equity Association (AEA): a union representing U. This article is about venues for live Theatre performances for information about venues for Film projection see Movie theater. The year 2008 in Theater involves the following significant events This is a list of the many roles involved in Theatre, including both production-based personnel and permanent staff List of notable Playwrights. See also' Literature; Drama; List of playwrights by nationality and date of birth; Lists This is a list of Theatre directors who have been active in the 20th and 21st centuries. Culinary theatre refers to the creation or enhancement of a spectacle during the service of food and beverages Cinemaaustraliajpg|thumb|A movie theater in Australia ]]A movie theater, movie theatre, picture theatre or cinema is a venue Reader's theatre is a style of Theatre in which the Actors do not need to memorize their lines A theatre consultant is a Consultant who specializes in the design of facilities for the Performing arts, equipment for those facilities and the operation of Theatre for Development, or TfD means live performance or Theater used as a development tool -- as in International development. Theatre techniques are procedures that facilitate a successful presentation of a play The word theory has many distinct meanings in different fields of Knowledge, depending on their methodologies and the context of discussion. There are a variety of theatrical styles used in Theatre and Drama. S. theatre actors and stage managers.
Actors' Inequity A website supporting non-union and non-paid performers (i. e. community theatre actors)

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