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 Tea Camellia sinensis
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Apterosperma |
The Theaceae is a family of flowering plants, composed of shrubs and trees. Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its The Ericales are a large and diverse order of Dicotyledons including for example Tea, Persimmon, Blueberry, Brazil nut, and David Don ( 21 December 1799 - 15 December 1841) was an English Botanist, Professor of Botany at King's UserPolbot. --> Apterosperma is a genus of Plant in family Theaceae. Camellia ( ( Japanese: 椿 Tsubaki) is a Genus of Flowering plants in the family Theaceae, native to eastern and southern Franklinia is a Monotypic genus in the family Theaceae. The sole species in this genus is a flowering tree Franklinia alatamaha, commonly Gordonia is a Genus of Flowering plants in the family Theaceae, related to Franklinia, Camellia UserPolbot. --> Pyrenaria is a genus of Plant in family Theaceae. Schima is a Genus of evergreen trees belonging to the tea family Theaceae. Stewartia as described by Philibert Commerçon is a synonym of Dombeya. Family denotes a group of People affiliated by consanguinity affinity or co-residence The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group The Theaceae is part of order Ericales, in the branch of the dicots known as the Asterids. The Ericales are a large and diverse order of Dicotyledons including for example Tea, Persimmon, Blueberry, Brazil nut, and Dicotyledons, or "dicots", is a name for a group of Flowering plants whose Seed typically has two embryonic leaves or Cotyledons There Some botanists include the family Ternstroemiaceae within the Theaceae[1] while others do not. The Theaceae is a Family of Flowering plants composed of shrubs and trees [2] Theaceae can be described as having anywhere from 7-40 genera, depending on the source and the method of circumscription used.
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Family Characteristics
Plants in this family are characterized by simple leaves that are alternate spiral to distichial, serrated, and usually glossy. Most of the genera have evergreen foliage, but Stewartia and Franklinia are deciduous. In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round Botany Autumn leaf color. See --> In Botany and Horticulture, deciduous Plants, including The toothed margins are generally associated with a characteristic Theoid leaf tooth, which is crowned by a glandular, deciduous tip. [3]The flowers in this family are usually pink or white and large and showy, often with a strong scent. [4] The calyx consists of five or more sepals, which are often persistent in the fruiting stage, and the corolla is five-merous, rarely numerous. Plants in Theaceae are multistaminate, usually with 20-100+ stamen either free or adnate to the base of the corolla, and are also distinctive because of the presence of pseudopollen. The pseudopollen is produced from connective cells, and has either rib-like or circular thickenings. The ovary is often hairy and narrows gradually into the style, which may be branched or cleft. The carpels are typically opposite from the petals, or the sepals in the case of Camellia. The fruits are loculicidal capsules, indehiscent baccate fruits or sometimes pomes. The seeds are few and sometimes winged, or in some generas covered by fleshy tissue or unwinged and nude. 3,4
Chemistry
There is distinctive chemistry within the Theaceae family. Sometimes, single crystals of calcium oxalate are present in Theaceous plants. Ellagic acid and common polyphenols including flavonols, flavones and proanthocyanins are widely distributed throughout the family. Gallic acid and catechins only occur in Camellia sect. Thea (C. sinensis, C. taliensis and C. irrawadiensis. Caffeine and its precursors theobromine and theophylline are only found in sect. Thea and are not found in other species of Camellia or other Theaceae. Caffeine content in the tea bush makes up 2. 5-4% of the leave's dry weight, and this high content of catechins and caffeine in the tea bush is the result of selection by man for these characters. Triterpenes and their glycosides (saponins) are found widely throughout the family in the seeds, leaves, wood and bark. Plants in this family are also known to accumulate aluminum and fluoride. 3
Distribution
Eleven genera are found only in eastern Asia Asia (Malesia north to Japan), with several genera in South America and Central America. Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the boundary of the Indomalaya and Australasia ecozones Malesia was first identified as a Floristic For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Three genera are found only in Africa, and 2 genera are only found in the Neotropics. 4 Three genera (Franklinia, Gordonia and Stewartia) also have species native to the southeastern United States, with Franklinia being endemic there, and under recent interpretations, also Gordonia with the Asian species formerly included in that genus being transferred to Polyspora. Franklinia is a Monotypic genus in the family Theaceae. The sole species in this genus is a flowering tree Franklinia alatamaha, commonly Gordonia is a Genus of Flowering plants in the family Theaceae, related to Franklinia, Camellia Stewartia as described by Philibert Commerçon is a synonym of Dombeya. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Endemism is the Ecological state of being unique to a place Endemic species are not naturally found elsewhere [5] There are five genera with very restricted distributions. These include Apterosperma and Euryodendron found in Southern China, Archboldiodendron found in New Guinea, Dankia found in Vietnam, and Visnea in the Canary Islands. 4
Economic Importance
The best known genus is Camellia, which includes the plant whose leaves are used to produce tea (Camellia sinensis). A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Camellia ( ( Japanese: 椿 Tsubaki) is a Genus of Flowering plants in the family Theaceae, native to eastern and southern Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market In parts of Asia, other species are used as a beverage, including C. taliensis, C. gradnibractiata, C. kwangsiensis, C. gymnogyna, C. crassicolumna, C. tachangensis, C. ptilophyllaand, and C. irrawadiensis. [6] Several species grown widely as ornamentals for their flowers and handsome foliage. In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank.
External links
- ^ Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Vascular Plant Families and Genera: Theaceae
- ^ Watson, L. , & Dallwitz, M. J. (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants. Theaceae
- ^ Stevens, P. F. 2003. Clusiaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (Eds. ), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Springer, Hamburg, Germany
- ^ Luna I, Ochoterena H (2004) ‘Phylogenetic relationships of the genera of Theaceae based on morphology. ’ Cladistics Vol. 20 223-270
- ^ Flora of China Theaceae (draft)
- ^ Chang, H. T. , Bartholomew, R. C. 1984. Camellias. Timber Press, Portland, OR
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