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This article is about a New York newspaper. For the Ottawa Hills, Ohio magazine, see The Village Voice of Ottawa Hills. The Village Voice of Ottawa Hills (or The Village Voice) is a monthly community Newsmagazine that serves the village of Ottawa Hills
The Village Voice

October 1955 cover
Type Newspaper
Format Tabloid / Alternative weekly
Owner Village Voice Media
Publisher Michael Cohen
Editor-in-Chief Tony Ortega
Founded 1955
Headquarters 36 Cooper Square
New York, NY 10003
Flag of the United States United States
Circulation 247,417[1]
Website: villagevoice.com

The Village Voice is a free weekly newspaper in New York City, United States featuring investigative articles, analysis of current affairs and culture, arts reviews and events listings for New York City. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. A tabloid is a Newspaper industry term which refers to a smaller newspaper format per spread to a weekly or semi-weekly alternative newspaper that focuses on local-interest An alternative newspaper is a type of Newspaper that eschews comprehensive coverage of general news in favor of opinionated Reviews and columns Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This is a list of the daily Newspapers in the World by average circulation The City of New York The United States of America —commonly referred to as the It is also distributed throughout the United States on a pay basis. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

It was the first and is arguably the best known of the arts-oriented tabloids that have come to be known as alternative weeklies, though its reputation has been unstable since a recent buyout by publishing conglomerate New Times Media. A tabloid is a Newspaper industry term which refers to a smaller newspaper format per spread to a weekly or semi-weekly alternative newspaper that focuses on local-interest An alternative newspaper is a type of Newspaper that eschews comprehensive coverage of general news in favor of opinionated Reviews and columns The New Times Media corporation was a national publisher of Alternative weekly newspapers The turbulent times its writers have covered has often been matched by the intrigue in its own offices, most recently including the firing of several high-profile contributors and a scandal over a forged story in 2005, the year the paper turned 50. The Voice's spirit can be captured in its 1980s advertising slogan: "Some people swear by us. . . other people swear AT us. "

Contents

History

The Voice was launched by Ed Fancher, Dan Wolf, and Norman Mailer[2] on October 26, 1955, from a two-bedroom apartment in Greenwich Village, its initial coverage area, expanding to other parts of the city by the 1960s. Norman Kingsley Mailer ( January 31, 1923 &ndash November 10, 2007) was an American Novelist, Journalist, Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Greenwich Village (ˌgrɛnɪtʃ ˈvɪlɪdʒ often simply called the Village, is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern Manhattan The offices in the 1960s were located at Sheridan Square; they are now at Cooper Square in the East Village. Cooper Square is a junction of streets in Manhattan, New York City. The East Village is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City.

The Voice has published groundbreaking investigations of New York City politics, as well as reporting on local and national politics, with arts, culture, music, dance, film, and theater reviews. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions The arts is a broad subdivision of Culture, composed of many expressive disciplines. Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one The Voice has received three Pulitzer Prizes, in 1981 (Teresa Carpenter),[3] 1986 (Jules Feiffer)[4] and 2000 (Mark Schoofs). The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, Teresa Carpenter is a Pulitzer prize winning bestselling American Author. Jules Ralph Feiffer (born) is an American syndicated comic-strip Cartoonist and Author. [5] Almost since its inception the paper has recognized alternative theater in New York through its Obie Awards. The Obie Awards or Off-Broadway Theater Awards are annual awards bestowed by The Village Voice newspaper to Off-Broadway Theater [6] From the early 1970s to 2005 music critic Robert Christgau ran a highly influential music poll known as "Pazz & Jop" every February from the "top ten" lists submitted by music critics from around the country. Robert Christgau (born April 18 1942) is an American Essayist, Music journalist, and the self-declared "Dean of American The Pazz & Jop critics' poll is a highly influential poll of music critics run by The Village Voice newspaper A music critic is someone who reviews Music (including printed music performances and recorded music and publishes writing on them in books or journals (or on the internet In 1999, film critic J. Hoberman and film section editor Dennis Lim began a similar Village Voice Film Poll for the year's movies. Jim Hoberman (born 1948 also known as J Hoberman is a prominent American Film critic. The Village Voice Film Poll is an annual polling by The Village Voice film section of more than 100 major film critics for alternative media sources In 2001 the paper sponsored its first Siren Festival indie rock festival, a free annual event every summer held at Coney Island.

The Voice has published many well-known writers, including Ezra Pound, Henry Miller, Barbara Garson, Katherine Anne Porter, M. Ezra Weston Loomis Pound ( Hailey, Idaho Territory, United States October 30 1885 – Venice, Italy November 1 1972 was an American Expatriate Henry Valentine Miller (December 26 1891 &ndash June 7 1980 was an American writer and painter. Barbara Garson (born July 7, 1941 in Brooklyn, New York City) is an American Playwright, Author and Social activist Katherine Anne Porter ( 15 May 1890 – 18 September 1980) was a Pulitzer Prize -winning American Journalist, S. Cone, staff writer and author, James Baldwin, E.E. Cummings, Nat Hentoff, Ted Hoagland, Tom Stoppard, Lorraine Hansberry, Ron Rosenbaum, Paul Levinson, Jerry Tallmer, Allen Ginsberg, Lester Bangs, Murray Kempton, I.F. Stone, Pete Hamill, Roger Wilkins and Joshua Clover. James Arthur Baldwin ( August 2, 1924 – November 30, 1987) was an American Novelist, Writer, Playwright Edward Estlin Cummings (October 14 1894 &ndash September 3 1962 popularly known as E Nat Hentoff (born June 10, 1925) is an American Historian, Novelist, Jazz Critic, and Columnist for Edward Hoagland (born December 21, 1932 in New York, New York, United States) is an author best known for his nature and travel Sir Tom Stoppard OM, CBE (born 3 July 1937 is a British Screenwriter playwright Lorraine Hansberry ( May 19, 1930 - January 12, 1965) was an African American LGBT Playwright and Author Ron Rosenbaum (born on November 27 1946, New York New York) is an American Journalist and Author. Paul Levinson (born 1947 is an American Author and Professor of Communications and Media studies at Fordham University Irwin Allen Ginsberg (ˈgɪnzbɝg (June 3 1926 &ndash April 5 1997 was an American Poet. Leslie Conway Bangs ( December 13, 1948 &ndash April 30, 1982) was an American music journalist, author and musician James Murray Kempton ( December 16, 1917 - May 5, 1997) was an influential American Journalist who was a significant Isidor Feinstein Stone ( December 24 1907 &ndash June 18 1989; born Isidor Feinstein, better known as I Pete Hamill (born June 24, 1935) is a prominent American Journalist, Columnist, Novelist, and Short story Roger Wilkins (born March 1932 is an African American Civil rights leader professor of history and Journalist. Works Madonna anno domini (Louisiana State University Press 1997 68 pp Former editors have included Dan Wolf, Clay Felker, Tom Morgan, Marianne Partridge, David Schneiderman, Diane Fischer, Robert Friedman, Marty Gottlieb, Jonathan Larsen, and Karen Durbin. Clay Schuette Felker ( October 2 1925 &ndash July 1 2008) was an American magazine editor and journalist who founded Tom Morgan (born 3 March, 1970) is an Australian musician and songwriter best known for fronting 90s indie pop group Smudge.

Village Voice columnists have included Kyle Gann, Rachel Kramer Bussel, Jack Newfield, Tristan Taormino, Alexander Cockburn, Gary Giddins, Nina Lalli, Michael Musto, Joy Press, Tricia Romano, Andrew Sarris, Dan Savage, Sydney H. Schanberg, Toni Schlesinger, Robert Sietsema, Silke Tudor and Corina Zappia. Kyle Eugene Gann (born November 21, 1955) is an American Composer and music critic born in Dallas, Texas. Rachel Kramer Bussel (born 1975 is an Author, Columnist, editor and Sex educator Tristan Taormino (born May 9, 1971) is an award-winning Author, Columnist, editor Pornographic film director (and occasional actress Alexander Claud Cockburn (ˈkoʊbɚn koh-burn born 6 June 1941 is an Irish-American political Journalist. Gary Giddins (Born March 21, 1948) critic author director best known for his longtime work with The Village Voice. Michael Musto Birthdate &ndash --> is an American Writer who began his professional career at The Village Voice, where Joy Press (born 1966) is a writer and editor In the late 80s she wrote music criticism for American magazines and for the English weekly music paper Melody Maker. Andrew Sarris, born on October 31, 1928 in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, is a U Daniel Keenan Savage (born October 7, 1964, although he Sydney Hillel Schanberg (born January 17, 1934 in Clinton Massachusetts) is an American Journalist who is best known for his coverage

Village Voice columnist Nat Hentoff. Photo by Tom Pich
Village Voice columnist Nat Hentoff. Nat Hentoff (born June 10, 1925) is an American Historian, Novelist, Jazz Critic, and Columnist for Photo by Tom Pich

Early columnists of the 1950s and 1960s included Jonas Mekas, who explored the underground film movement in his "Film Journal" column; Linda Solomon, who reviewed the Village club scene in the "Riffs" column; and Sam Julty, who wrote a popular column on car ownership and maintenance. Jonas Mekas (jonɐs mækɐs born December 24, 1922 in the village of Semeniškiai, near Biržai) is a Lithuanian Filmmaker, writer Linda Solomon (b May 10, 1937, Boston Massachusetts) is an American Music critic and editor Another regular from that period was the cartoonist Kin Platt, who did weekly theatrical caricatures. Kin Platt ( August 12, 1911 - November 30, 2003, New York City, New York) is an American Other prominent regulars have included Peter Schjeldahl, Ellen Willis, Leslie Savan, C. Peter Schjeldahl was born in 1942 in Fargo, North Dakota. He grew up in small towns throughout Minnesota, and attended Carleton College Ellen Jane Willis ( December 14, 1941 &ndash November 9, 2006) was an American political essayist, Journalist Carr, Simon Firth, Tom Carson, Mim Udovitch, Wayne Barrett and Ross Wetzsteon. Wayne Barrett is an American Journalist. He has been an Investigative reporter and Senior editor for the Village Voice

The newspaper has also been a host to promising underground cartoonists. In addition to mainstay Jules Feiffer, whose cartoon ran for decades in the paper until its cancellation in 1996, well-known cartoonists featured in the paper have included Matt Groening, Lynda Barry, Stan Mack, Mark Alan Stamaty, Ted Rall, Tom Tomorrow, Ward Sutton, Ruben Bolling and currently M. Wartella. Matthew Abram Groening (ˈɡreɪnɪŋ GRAY-ning) (born February 15 1954 is an American Cartoonist, television producer and writer from Portland Lynda Barry (born January 2, 1956) is an American Cartoonist and Author. Stanley Mack is a cartoonist and reporter best known for his series "Stan Mack's Real Life Funnies" which ran in The Village Voice for over 20 years Mark Alan Stamaty is an American cartoonist and children's book writer and illustrator Ted Rall (born August 26, 1963, Cambridge Massachusetts) is an American liberal Columnist, syndicated Editorial cartoonist Dan Perkins (born April 5 1961 in Wichita, Kansas) is an Editorial cartoonist better known by the Pen name " Tom Tomorrow Ward Sutton is an American illustrator cartoonist and writer born in Minneapolis and based in New York City. Ruben Bolling is a Pseudonym for Ken Fisher, a Cartoonist, the author of Tom the Dancing Bug. Michael M Wartella is an American underground Cartoonist. His absurdist early "art comic" Ackxhpæz (1994-1996 was well-received and led to

The Voice is also known for containing adult content, including sex advice columns and many pages of advertising for "adult services" (escorts, prostitutes, etc. ). This content is located at the back of the newspaper.

The Voice is also locally known for being the place where most Hard Rock or Jazz concerts are announced, sometimes with full page paid ads. Most groups visiting New York advertise in the Voice for publicity. Most venues in NYC advertise their concerts in The Village Voice.

The Voice's competitors in New York City include the New York Press, New York Observer and Time Out New York. New York Press is a free Alternative weekly in New York City. The New York Observer is a weekly newspaper first published in New York City on September 22, 1987, by Arthur L Time Out is a Publishing company based in London, England. The company's best known product is the Time Out weekly listings Magazine After decades of carrying a cover price, the Voice responded to competition from the free New York Press by itself becoming free of charge on newsstands in the five boroughs -- in 1996. (It still carries a charge for home/mail delivery and for newsstands outside the city limits, such as on Long Island. Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, USA, its western shores directly across from Manhattan, from which the island stretches ) Its circulation as of June 2006 was 247,417. [1]

The Voice’s web site is a past winner of both the National Press Foundation’s Online Journalism Award (2001)[7] and the Editor & Publisher EPpy Award for Best Overall U. The National Press Foundation is a Non-profit organization that provides training for journalists and awards excellence in Journalism. Editor & Publisher (E&P is a monthly Journal covering the North American Newspaper industry S. Newspaper Online Service – Weekly, Community, Alternative & Free (2003). [8]

The Voice was the second organization in the US known to have extended domestic partner benefits, in July 1982. Jeff Weinstein, an employee of the paper and shop steward for the publishing local of District 65 UAW, negotiated and won agreement in the union contract to extend health, life insurance, and disability benefits to the "spouse equivalents" of its union members. [9]

Seventeen alternative weeklies around the United States are owned by the Voice's parent company Village Voice Media. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In 2005, the Phoenix alternative weekly chain New Times Media purchased the company and took the Village Voice Media name. The New Times Media corporation was a national publisher of Alternative weekly newspapers Previous owners of the Village Voice or of Village Voice Media have included co-founders Fancher and Wolf,[2] New York City Councilman Carter Burden,[2] New York Magazine founder Clay Felker, Rupert Murdoch, and Leonard Stern of the Hartz Mountain empire. Clay Schuette Felker ( October 2 1925 &ndash July 1 2008) was an American magazine editor and journalist who founded is gay Bold text' Keith Rupert Murdoch', AC, KCSG (born Melbourne, March 11 1931 usually known as Rupert Murdoch, is an Australian-American Leonard Norman Stern is the Chairman and CEO of the privately owned Hartz Group based in New York City. Hartz Mountain Industries (HMI is a private family owned and operated company known for its vast real estate holdings in the New York/New Jersey Metropolitan Area

Changes after 2005 New Times Media buyout

Since the buyout, the paper has made a number of broad-sweeping changes, becoming an increasingly mainstream publication. The Village Voice is now managed by two libertarians from Phoenix, Arizona, and some New York media critics perceive a loss of the paper's original iconoclastic, bohemian spirit. Libertarianism is a term used by a broad spectrum of political philosophies which prioritize individual Liberty and seek to minimize or even abolish the Phoenix (ˈfiːˌnɪks O'odham Skikik, Yavapai Wasinka, Western Apache Fiinigis, Navajo Hoozdo, [10][11]

In April 2006, the Voice dismissed music editor Chuck Eddy. Chuck Eddy (born November 26, 1960) is an American Music journalist. [12] Four months later the newspaper fired longtime music critic Robert Christgau. Robert Christgau (born April 18 1942) is an American Essayist, Music journalist, and the self-declared "Dean of American In January 2007, the newspaper fired sex columnist and erotica author Rachel Kramer Bussel. Rachel Kramer Bussel (born 1975 is an Author, Columnist, editor and Sex educator

The paper has experienced high turnover among its editorial leadership since 2005. Editor-in-chief Don Forst resigned in December 2005. Doug Simmons, his replacement, was fired in March 2006 after it was discovered a reporter had fabricated portions of an article. Simmons' successor, Erik Wemple, resigned after two weeks. Erik Wemple (born August 18, 1964) is the editor of the Alternative weekly Washington City Paper. His replacement, David Blum, was fired in March 2007. David Blum is editor-in-chief of 02138 Magazine and editorial director of its owner Manhattan Media As of April 2007, Tony Ortega, former editor of the Broward-Palm Beach New Times, is editor. Broward County is a County located in the US state of Florida. Palm Beach is an upscale Incorporated town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States.

Awards and honors

See also

References

  1. ^ a b The Village Voice. The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, The George Polk Awards are a series of American journalism awards issued annually by Long Island University in Brooklyn. The media of New York City are internationally influential and include some of the most important newspapers largest publishing houses most prolific television studios and Association of Alternative Newsweeklies. The Association of Alternative Newsweeklies (AAN is the trade association of Alternative weekly newspapers in North America. Retrieved on 2007-02-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable
  2. ^ a b c Lawrence van Gelder, Dan Wolf, 80, a Village Voice Founder, Dies, The New York Times, April 12, 1996. Accessed online 2 June 2008.
  3. ^ The Pulitzer Prize Winners, 1981, official Pulitzer Prize site. Accessed online 5 June 2008.
  4. ^ The Pulitzer Prize Winners, 1986, official Pulitzer Prize site. Accessed online 5 June 2008.
  5. ^ The Pulitzer Prize Winners, 2000, official Pulitzer Prize site. Accessed online 5 June 2008.
  6. ^ About the OBIES, official Obies site (part of Village Voice site). Accessed online 5 June 2008.
  7. ^ Excellence in Online Journalism Award: Past Winners 2000-2006, NPF Awards, National Press Foundation. Accessed online 2 June 2008.
  8. ^ Winners - 2003, EPpy Awards. Accessed online 2 June 2008.
  9. ^ DomesticPartners
  10. ^ Jonathan Mandell, Bigger Media, Less Local Democracy, Gotham Gazette, February 2007. Accessed 8 June 2008.
  11. ^ Adam Reilly, Culture war, The Phoenix (Boston), 2 March 2007. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Accessed 8 June 2008.
  12. ^ Ben Sisario, Meaty, Beaty, Big and Bloggy: An Online Poll Covets the Territory Once Owned by Pazz & Jop, The New York Times, November 30, 2006. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Accessed 8 June 2008.
  13. ^ Alternative Newsweekly Award Winners Announced. The Write News. Writers Write, Inc (June 20, 2003). Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected
  14. ^ American Society of Journalists and Authors. The American Society of Journalists and Authors ( ASJA) was founded in 1948 as the Society of Magazine Writers and is an organization of independent nonfiction writers in the ASJA.org: Awards History - Donald Robinson Memorial Award for Investigative Journalism. www. asja. org. Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected
  15. ^ Carr, Brad. New York State Bar Association and New York Press Club to Honor News Media Reporting About Law, Legal System - Village Voice and ABC News receive top honors. New York State Bar Association. The New York State Bar Association (NYSBA with about 72000 members is the largest voluntary association of Lawyers in the United States. www. nysba. org. Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected
  16. ^ a b Association of Alternative Newsweeklies (2002-05-13). The Association of Alternative Newsweeklies (AAN is the trade association of Alternative weekly newspapers in North America. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Village Voice Wins Berger Award. www. aan. org. Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected
  17. ^ a b c d Association of Alternative Newsweeklies. The Association of Alternative Newsweeklies (AAN is the trade association of Alternative weekly newspapers in North America. Alternative Newsweekly Award Winners Announced - Two Sept. 11 Pieces Take First Place, Gambit Weekly Wins Four Firsts. aan. org. Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected
  18. ^ National Press Foundation. The National Press Foundation is a Non-profit organization that provides training for journalists and awards excellence in Journalism. The National Press Foundation - NPF Awards - 2001 Award Winner, VillageVoice.com. www. nationalpress. org. Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected
  19. ^ The Pulitzer Board. 2000 Pulitzer Prize Winners - INTERNATIONAL REPORTING. www. pulitzer. org. Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected
  20. ^ Shaw, David. "Denver Post Wins Pulitzer Three Other Newspapers Get Two Prizes Apiece", Los Angeles Times, April 18, 1986, p. The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar)  1.  
  21. ^ The Pulitzer Board. The Pulitzer Prizes for 1981. www. pulitzer. org. Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected
  22. ^ Long Island University. Long Island University ( LIU) is a private, Coeducational, Nonsectarian institution of Higher education in the State of New York The George Polk Awards for Journalism. www. brooklyn. liu. edu. Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected

Further reading

External links

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