| The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference | |
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| Author | Malcolm Gladwell |
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| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Little Brown |
| Publication date | 2000 |
| Media type | Print (Paperback) |
| Pages | 304 |
| ISBN | ISBN 0-316-34662-4, ISBN 0-316-31696-2 (first edition) |
The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference (ISBN 0-316-31696-2) is a book by Malcolm Gladwell, first published by Little Brown in 2000. Malcolm Gladwell (born September 3, 1963) is a United Kingdom -born Canadian -raised Journalist and author now based in New York City English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view Malcolm Gladwell (born September 3, 1963) is a United Kingdom -born Canadian -raised Journalist and author now based in New York City Little Brown and Company is a publishing house established by Charles Coffin Little and his partner James Brown. The year 2000 in literature involved some significant events and new books
Contents |
Overview
Tipping points are "the levels at which the momentum for change becomes unstoppable. "[1] Gladwell defines a tipping point as a sociological term, "the moment of critical mass, the threshold, the boiling point. Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" "[2] The book seeks to explain and describe enormous and "mysterious" sociological changes that mark everyday life. As Gladwell states, "Ideas and products and messages and behaviors spread like viruses do. A virus (from the Latin virus meaning Toxin or Poison) is a sub-microscopic infectious agent that is unable "[3] The examples of such changes in his book include the rise in popularity and sales of Hush Puppies shoes in the mid-1990s and the dramatic drop in the New York City crime rate in the late 1990s. Hush Puppies is an international brand of contemporary casual Footwear for men women and children "the classic American brushed-suede shoes with the lightweight The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 The City of New York In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment
The three rules of epidemics
Gladwell describes the "three rules of epidemics" (or "agents of change") in the tipping points of epidemics.
- The Law of the Few: "The success of any kind of social epidemic is heavily dependent on the involvement of people with a particular and rare set of social skills. "[4] Gladwell describes these people in the following ways:
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- Connectors are the people who "link us up with the world . Connectors are people in a community who know large numbers of people and who are in the habit of making introductions . . people with a special gift for bringing the world together. "[5] To illustrate, Gladwell cites the midnight ride of Paul Revere, Milgram's experiments in the small world problem, Dallas businessman Roger Horchow, the "Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon" trivia game, and Chicagoan Lois Weisberg. Stanley Milgram ( August 15, 1933 – December 20, 1984) was a Social psychologist at Yale The small world experiment comprised several experiments conducted by Stanley Milgram examining the Average path length for Social networks of people in Samuel Roger Horchow (born July 3, 1928, in Cincinnati, Ohio) is a catalog Entrepreneur and Broadway producer The Trivia Game Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon is based on the concept of the Small world phenomenon and rests on the assumption that any Actor can Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Lois Weisberg (born 1925 is the Commissioner of Cultural Affairs in Chicago Illinois.
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- Mavens are "information specialists", or "people we rely upon to connect us with new information. A maven (also mavin) is a trusted expert in a particular field who seeks to pass knowledge on to others "[6] They accumulate knowledge, especially about the marketplace, and know how to share it with others. A marketplace is the space actual or metaphorical in which a Market operates
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- Salesmen are "persuaders", charismatic people with powerful negotiation skills. The word charisma (origin from the Greek word χάρισμα (kharisma, "gift" or "divine favor" from kharizesthai, "to favor" They tend to have an indefinable trait that goes beyond what they say, that makes others want to agree with them. Gladwell's examples include California businessman Tom Gau and news anchor Peter Jennings, and he cites several studies about how people are persuaded. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Peter Charles Archibald Ewart Jennings, CM (July 29 1938 &ndash August 7 2005 was a Canadian-American Journalist and News anchor.
- The Stickiness Factor: the specific content of a message that makes it memorable and have impact. The children's television programs Sesame Street and Blue's Clues are specific instances of enhancing stickiness and systematically engineering stickiness into a message. Sesame Street is an American educational Children's television series and a pioneer of the contemporary educational television standard combining Blue's Clues is a Children's television show that premiered on Nickelodeon on September 8 1996 and ran until 2006
- The Power of Context: Human behavior is sensitive to and strongly influenced by its environment. As Gladwell says, "Epidemics are sensitive to the conditions and circumstances of the times and places in which they occur. "[7] For example, "zero tolerance" efforts to combat minor crimes such as fare-beating and vandalism on the New York subway led to a decline in more violent crimes city-wide. Zero tolerance is the concept of compelling persons in positions of authority who might otherwise exercise their discretion in making subjective judgments regarding the severity of a given Vandalism is the behaviour attributed to the Vandals in respect of Culture: ruthless Destruction or spoiling of anything beautiful or Venerable The New York City Subway is a Rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency Gladwell describes the bystander effect, and explains how Dunbar's number plays into the tipping point, using Rebecca Wells' novel Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood, evangelist John Wesley, and the high-tech firm Gore Associates. The bystander effect (also known as bystander apathy, Genovese syndrome, diffused responsibility or bystander intervention) is a psychological See also Dunbar (disambiguation Dunbar's number is the supposed cognitive limit to the number of individuals with whom any one person can maintain stable social relationships Rebecca Wells (born 1952) is an American playwright and author Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood is a Novel written by Rebecca Wells. John Wesley (ˈwɛslɪ ( – March 2, 1791) was an Anglican cleric and Christian theologian who was the founder of the (Evangelical
Other key concepts
Gladwell also includes two chapters of case studies, situations in which tipping point concepts were used in specific situations. These situations include the athletic shoe company Airwalk, the diffusion model, how rumors are spread, decreasing the spread of syphilis in Baltimore, and teen suicide in Micronesia and teen smoking in the U.S.
See also
References
- ^ Walsh, Bryan. Airwalk is a Boardsport (ie Surfing and Skateboarding) footwear company based in Denver Colorado. Diffusion is the net movement of particles (typically molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration by uncoordinated random movement Rumors is a farcical play by Neil Simon. At its start several affluent couples gather in the posh suburban residence of a couple for a dinner Syphilis is a Sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal Bacterium Treponema pallidum pallidum. Micronesia, from the Greek mikros (μικρός (meaning small) and nesos (νῆσος (meaning island) is a Subregion Smoking is a practice where a substance most commonly Tobacco, is burned and the Smoke tasted or inhaled The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This article refers to the study of dynamical systems For other meanings see Catastrophe. Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the Health and Illness of populations and serves as the foundation and Logic of interventions made in the The “Hundredth Monkey Effect” is a supposed Phenomenon in which a learned behaviour spreads instantaneously from one group of monkeys to all related monkeys once a critical "A green tipping point", Time Magazine, 2007-10-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Retrieved on 2007-12-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
- ^ Gladwell, p. 12
- ^ Gladwell, p. 7
- ^ Gladwell, p. 33.
- ^ Gladwell, p. 38
- ^ Gladwell, p. 19
- ^ Gladwell, p. 129.
External links
- The Tipping Point Summary - WikiSummaries, free book summaries
- The Tipping Point on Malcolm Gladwell's webpage
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