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The Sun

The Sun in January 2005, featuring Prince Harry dressed as a Nazi official. For actual Princes of Wales called Henry see Henry Prince of Wales. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German
Type Daily newspaper available Monday to Saturday except Christmas Day. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint.
Format Tabloid
Owner News International
Editor Rebekah Wade
Founded 1964
Political allegiance Right-wing and Populist
Headquarters Wapping, London
Website: www.thesun.co.uk
This article is about the British tabloid newspaper. A tabloid is a Newspaper industry term which refers to a smaller newspaper format per spread to a weekly or semi-weekly alternative newspaper that focuses on local-interest News International Ltd is a British newspaper publisher owned by Rupert Murdoch 's News Corporation. Rebekah Wade (born 27 May 1968 in Cheshire, England) is a British Journalist and Newspaper Editor In Politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are positions that uphold traditional values and/or authorities Wapping (pronounced 'Wopping' is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets which forms part of the Docklands to the east of the City of London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. For the solar star, see Sun. The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System. For other uses, see Sun (disambiguation).

The Sun is a tabloid daily newspaper published in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland with the highest circulation of any daily English-language newspaper in the world, standing at 3,126,866 copies daily in October 2007 and with a daily readership of 7,909,000 in H1 2007. A tabloid is a Newspaper industry term which refers to a smaller newspaper format per spread to a weekly or semi-weekly alternative newspaper that focuses on local-interest The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. A Newspaper 's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day It reaches 2. 9 million readers in the ABC1 demographic and 5. The NRS social grades are a system of demographic classification used in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. 0 million in the C2DE demographic, compared to the 1. The NRS social grades are a system of demographic classification used in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. 5 and 0. 1 million respectively of its upmarket stablemate The Times. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. It is published by News Group Newspapers of News International, itself a subsidiary of Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation. News International Ltd is a British newspaper publisher owned by Rupert Murdoch 's News Corporation. News International Ltd is a British newspaper publisher owned by Rupert Murdoch 's News Corporation. is gay Bold text' Keith Rupert Murdoch', AC, KCSG (born Melbourne, March 11 1931 usually known as Rupert Murdoch, is an Australian-American News Corporation (often abbreviated to News Corp) (,,) is one of the world's largest media conglomerate companies by Market capitalisation [1][2]

Contents

History

The Sun before Murdoch

The Sun was launched by IPC under editor Sydney Jacobson on September 15, 1964 as a replacement for the Daily Herald, of which Mirror Group had acquired 51 per cent ownership when it took over Odhams Press in 1961. IPC Media is one of the United Kingdom 's leading consumer Magazine and digital publisher with a large portfolio selling over 350 million copies each year Sydney Jacobson Baron Jacobson, ( 26 October 1908, Zeerost, Transvaal &ndash 13 August 1988, St Albans, Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. The Daily Herald was a British Newspaper, published in London from 1912 to 1964 (although it was weekly during the First World War Odhams Press was a British publishing firm Originally a Newspaper group in the 1890s it took the name Odham's Press Ltd The Herald, 49 per cent owned by the Trades Union Congress and until recently tied to supporting official Labour Party policy, was selling more than 1. The Trades Union Congress (TUC is a national trade union centre, a federation of Trade unions in the United Kingdom, representing the majority of trade The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the 4 million copies a day at the time of the takeover. But its ageing working-class sold its shares to allow the relaunch of the Herald as The Sun.

It was a broadsheet with a logo featuring an orange disc. Broadsheet is the largest of the various Newspaper formats and is characterized by long vertical pages (typically 22 inches or more A logo ( Greek el λογότυπος = el-Latn logotypos is a graphical element ( Ideogram, Symbol, Emblem, Icon, Sign) The relaunched paper did not live up to IPC's expectations, however. Circulation continued to decline, and it was soon losing even more money than the Herald had lost. In 1969, IPC decided to throw in the towel. IPC Media is one of the United Kingdom 's leading consumer Magazine and digital publisher with a large portfolio selling over 350 million copies each year Robert Maxwell offered to take it off their hands and retain its commitment to the Labour party, but said there would be redundancies, especially among the printers. Ian Robert Maxwell MC ( June 10, 1923 – November 5, 1991) was a Czechoslovakian born British Media proprietor Rupert Murdoch had already bought the News of the World, a sensationalist Sunday newspaper, the previous year, and he was in the position of seeing the printing presses in the basement of the old Bouverie Street building sit idle for six days in the week. is gay Bold text' Keith Rupert Murdoch', AC, KCSG (born Melbourne, March 11 1931 usually known as Rupert Murdoch, is an Australian-American The News of the World is a British Tabloid Newspaper published every Sunday Seizing the opportunity to increase his presence on Fleet Street, he made an agreement with the print unions, promising fewer redundancies if he got the paper. He assured IPC that he would publish a "straightforward, honest newspaper" which would continue to support Labour. IPC, under pressure from the unions, rejected Maxwell's offer, and Murdoch bought the paper for £800,000, to be paid in instalments. [3] He would later remark: "I am constantly amazed at the ease with which I entered British newspapers. " [4]

The early Murdoch years

Murdoch appointed Larry Lamb as his editor. Sir Albert Lamb, commonly known as Larry Lamb ( July 15, 1929 &ndash May 19, 2000) was a British Newspaper editor Lamb was scathing in his opinion of the Mirror, the paper where he had recently been senior sub-editor. He shared Murdoch's view that the measure of a paper's quality was best measured by its sales, and he regarded the Mirror as overstaffed, and primarily aimed at an aging readership. Lamb hastily recruited a staff of about 125 reporters, who were mostly selected for their availability rather than their ability. [5] This was about a quarter of what the Mirror currently employed, and Murdoch had to draft in staff on loan from his Australian papers. Murdoch immediately relaunched The Sun as a tabloid, and ran it as a sister paper to the News of the World [6]. A tabloid is a Newspaper industry term which refers to a smaller newspaper format per spread to a weekly or semi-weekly alternative newspaper that focuses on local-interest The Sun used the same printing presses, and the two papers were now managed together at senior executive levels.

The Sun was launched as a rival to The Daily Mirror, which it copied in several ways. The Daily Mirror, often referred to simply as The Mirror, is a British Tabloid daily Newspaper founded in 1903 It was the same size and its masthead had the name in white on a red rectangle of the same colour as the Daily Mirror. The front page had the same general style and it could easily be picked up by mistake. Sports news was on the back pages in both. The text was written for a slightly lower reading age. It rapidly overtook the Mirror in sales to become the fastest growing daily. [7] Inside the Mirror's "Lively Letters" was matched by "Liveliest Letters", and the comic strip "Garth" by a comic strip "Scarth" featuring a frequently naked woman. Garth was a Comic strip

Later strips included Striker, set in the world of football; Axa, about a barbarian woman in a post-apocalyptic world; and George and Lynne, a domestic gag-a-day strip about a couple and their friends and neighbours. Striker is a Comic strip (and for a time it was a magazine in the British tabloid The Sun, created by Pete Nash. AXA is the title of a newspaper Comic strip featuring an eponymous lead character which was published in British daily tabloid The Sun from Needless to say these strips feature their fair share of naked ladies.

From the start, sex was used as an important element in marketing the paper. While the Daily Mirror frequently featured a pin-up photograph of a young woman in bikini or lingerie, ostensibly as a fashion item, The Sun dispensed with the excuses; it featured what were openly glamour photographs of women, with less clothes than their Mirror counterparts. A pin-up girl or pin-up model is a model whose mass-produced pictures see wide appeal as Pop culture. Glamour photography is the photographing of a model with the emphasis on the subject After a year, this would eventually become the regular topless picture known as the Page Three Girl. Features such as 'Do Men Still Want To Marry A Virgin?' and 'The Way into a Woman's Bed' began to appear. Serialisations of erotic books became a staple; the publication of extracts from The Sensuous Woman, at a time when copies of the book were being seized by Customs, produced a scandal and a gratifying amount of free publicity. The Sensuous Woman is book by Joan Garrity. First published in 1969 under the pseudonym "J" it is a book that is a detailed instruction manual on sexuality [8]

Despite the industrial relations of the 1970s - the so-called "Spanish practices" of the print unions - The Sun was very profitable, enabling Murdoch to expand to the United States from 1973. The terms Spanish practices or old Spanish customs are a United Kingdom popular usage that refer to irregular or restrictive practices in workers' interests This list of all newspapers in the United States is a list of Newspapers printed and distributed in the United States. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar.

Politically, The Sun in the early Murdoch years remained nominally Labour, although in the two 1974 elections, the paper's attitude to Labour was "agnostic", according to Roy Greenslade in Press Gang (2003). Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Roy Greenslade is Professor of Journalism at London’s City University and has been a media commentator since 1992 most notably for The then editor, Larry Lamb, was originally from a Labour background, with a socialist upbringing. Deputy editor Bernard Shrimsley was a middle-class uncommitted Conservative. Bernard Shrimsley was editor of The Sun from 1972 to 1975 and went on to edit the News of the World and the Mail on Sunday The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom.

The Sun changed track and caused a small stir by endorsing Margaret Thatcher in the 1979 general election. Political endorsement is the action of publicly declaring one's personal or group's support of a Candidate for elected office. Margaret Hilda Thatcher Baroness Thatcher LG, OM, PC, FRS (born 13 October 1925 Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar)

Thatcherite king of the tabloids

In the meantime, The Sun had overtaken the Daily Mirror in circulation by 1978, partly thanks to extensive advertising on ITV, voiced by actor Christopher Timothy. Independent Television (generally known as ITV) is a public service network of British commercial television broadcasters set up under the Independent Christopher Timothy (born 14 October 1940) is a Welsh Actor, Television director and Writer. From 1981, The Sun used Bingo as a promotional tool to increase its circulation still further.

In 1986 Murdoch shut down the Bouverie Street premises of The Sun and News of the World, and moved operations to the new Wapping complex, blocking union activity and greatly reducing the number of staff employed to print the papers; a year-long picket by sacked workers was eventually defeated (see Wapping dispute). Wapping (pronounced 'Wopping' is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets which forms part of the Docklands to the east of the City of London. The Wapping dispute was along with the miners' strike of 1984-5, a significant turning point in the history of the Trade union movement and of UK industrial relations

The Sun was a very strong supporter of Margaret Thatcher and her policies, and maintained its support for the Conservatives when Thatcher was succeeded by John Major in 1990. Sir John Major KG CH ACIB (born 29 March 1943 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) On the day of the 1992 election, its front-page headline was "If [Labour leader] Neil Kinnock wins today, will the last person to leave Britain please turn out the lights", and two days later The Sun was so convinced of its contributions to the Conservative victory that it declared "It's The Sun Wot Won It". Neil Gordon Kinnock Baron Kinnock PC (born 28 March 1942 is a British Politician. "It's The Sun Wot Won It" is a famous Headline that appeared on the front-page of The Sun on Saturday 11 April 1992, and

The Sun goes Labour again

The Sun switched support to Labour in March 1997 when the General Election saw Labour leader Tony Blair become Prime Minister. Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to Since then it has supported Labour in each of the subsequent three elections, despite criticising some of their policies. Some say this was down to the paper's general disillusionment with the Conservative party since Black Wednesday. In British Politics and Economics, Black Wednesday refers to the events of 16 September 1992 when the Conservative Others have argued that the newspaper changed its stance as it knew there was little chance of the Conservative Party winning the 1997 General Election, and therefore afterwards would not be seen as having backed a loser.

The Sun today

The Sun relies on stories about the entertainment industry, gossip concerning the British monarchy, and sports, as well as news and politics for its content, with many items revolving around celebrities. The entertainment industry (much of which is informally known as show business or show biz) consists of a large number of sub-industries devoted to Entertainment TalkCommonewalth realm.--> The monarchy A celebrity is a widely-recognized or famous person who commands a high degree of public and media attention

In addition to writers covering celebrities-about-town and the latest soap opera storylines, the paper is always on the lookout for celebrities in trouble or scandal. A soap opera is an ongoing episodic work of Fiction, usually broadcast on Television or Radio. Pictures are preferred and The Sun often uses pictures taken by paparazzi. Paparazzi is a plural term ( paparazzo being the singular form for Photographers who take unstaged and/or candid photographs of Celebrities

Its serious news stories frequently focus on themes of immigration, security scandals, domestic abuse and paedophiles. Domestic violence (also known as domestic abuse or spousal abuse) occurs when a family member partner or ex-partner attempts to physically or psychologically dominate The term pedophilia or paedophilia has a range of definitions as found in Psychology, law enforcement and the popular vernacular The Page 3 pin-up girl is invariably a girl between the ages of 18-28, posing topless.

The current editor is Rebekah Wade, the first female editor in the paper's history. Rebekah Wade (born 27 May 1968 in Cheshire, England) is a British Journalist and Newspaper Editor

The Sun has attempted to create a term for itself in Cockney rhyming slang as The Currant Bun. Rhyming slang is a form of Slang in which a word is replaced either by another word or phrase that rhymes with it or by the first word of such a phrase in which [9]

In a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications who were investigating media ownership and the news, Murdoch stated that he acts as a "traditional proprietor"; exercising editorial control on major issues such as which political party to back in a general election or policy on Europe. The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" [10]

Controversy

National controversy

Page 3 girls

Main article: Page Three girl

The Sun under Murdoch has been a consistent subject of controversy and scandal news. From the early 1970s, both feminists and many cultural conservatives objected to the Page 3 girls, which they saw as pornographic and misogynistic. Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements theories, and Philosophies which are concerned with the issue of Gender difference, advocate Pornography or porn is the explicit depiction of Sexual subject matter with the sole intention of sexually exciting the viewer Misogyny (mɪˈsɒdʒɪni is hatred (or contemptof women Misogyny is parallel to Misandry — the hatred of men In 2006 when the paper ran a story on a website to track down missing sex offenders, they used the headline Pervhunt. Com, despite the actual website having a different name. However a Popbitch. Popbitch is a weekly UK -based celebrity and Pop music newsletter and associated website dating from the early 2000s com member bought the rights to the Pervhunt. com name and redirected it to the Sun's Page 3 Rookies webpage, containing Page 3 models of ages 18-20. [1]

The comic strip AXA was first published on The Sun's Page 3. AXA is the title of a newspaper Comic strip featuring an eponymous lead character which was published in British daily tabloid The Sun from According to Enrique Badia Romero, The Sun was looking for an "erotic science-fiction strip". Enrique Badía Romero (who signs his work simply Romero) is a Spanish Comics artist, best known to English -speaking audiences for his work on Romero had been working on AXA on the side for a long time and saw an opportunity to get it published.

Sickest website campaign

The Sun launched a campaign in January 2007 asking their readers to report to their investigative department the "sickest websites" they find on the internet. This follows a recent exposé The Sun uncovered about websites dealing in human organs. [11]

Populism

After The Sun had abandoned Labour by 1979 for Margaret Thatcher's Conservatives, these critics were joined by left-wingers objecting to the paper's allegedly 'right-wing' populist political line, which, according to criticism, was jingoistic, racist and homophobic. List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that BenPhelpsJPG|thumb|right|Westboro Baptist Church picket signs with Ben Phelps grandson of Fred Phelps

Racism

The Sun Website's Showbiz column, then edited by Victoria Newton, was recently criticised, as a picture of Hilary Duff having a Bollywood theme to her new video was captioned "Hilary PoppaDuff". Victoria Newton (born 9 March 1972 in London) is an award-winning English Journalist and Showbiz correspondent Hilary Erhard Duff (born September 28 1987 is an American Actress, pop Singer-songwriter Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India Etymology Papadum is a loan word from Tamil pappaṭām Appadam is the word for papad in Telugu. [2] The hastily-changed caption was caught by the Holy Moly and VickyWatch [3] websites. This came despite the Sun being outspoken against the allegations of racism on Celebrity Big Brother earlier in the year, where a similar insult was used. Celebrity Big Brother 2007 was the highly controversial fifth series of the United Kingdom Reality television series Celebrity Big Brother

Sensationalism

More generally, the Murdoch Sun has been criticised since its launch for its sensationalism, which on occasion has led it to publish stories on the most spurious evidence, and for its focus on celebrities for its news and feature coverage. It has regularly been accused of appealing to the lowest common denominator and dumbing down public discourse. In Mathematics, the lowest common denominator or least common denominator (abbreviated LCD) is the Least common multiple of the Denominators The term "dumb-down" was coined by Ken E Smith of Colorado according to the Oxford English Dictionary, which has the official definition of the term as used by Mr In a skit on the Benny Hill Show, two photographers from London's "mainstream" papers are showing taking photographs of a beautiful model in the regular manner, while two other photographers, identified by their press cards as from The Mirror and The Sun are shown photographing her upskirt.

Miners' strike

The newspaper supported the government in the miners' strike of 1984-85 and there were incidents where staff threatened to resign over what they saw as deliberate misinformation. The miners' strike of 1984 – 1985 was a major Industrial action affecting the British coal industry. To this day, the paper's circulation in the old mining areas of Britain remains much smaller than in the country as a whole.

Jingoism

The torpedoing of the Belgrano was celebrated on the front page of the British tabloid newspaper The Sun
The torpedoing of the Belgrano was celebrated on the front page of the British tabloid newspaper The Sun

The paper published the headline "GOTCHA" when, during the Falklands War, the Argentine cruiser General Belgrano was torpedoed, although that headline was dropped when it was known that the ship had sunk and the extent of Argentinian casualties became clear. The Sun is a Tabloid daily newspaper published in the United Kingdom and Ireland with the highest circulation of any daily English-language The Falklands War (Guerra de las Malvinas/Guerra del Atlántico Sur also called the Falklands Conflict/Crisis, was fought in 1982 between Argentina and the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. General history The warship was built as, the sixth of the s in New Jersey by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation starting in 1935 and launched in March 1938 Support of British troops — referred to as "Our lads" — in action is invariably unequivocal. The Sun's ultra-patriotism has, however, outgrown the racism some claim it came close to embracing in the 1970s and 1980s — the nadir was its coverage of the Broadwater Farm riot of 1985. The Broadwater Farm Riot occurred in and around the Broadwater Farm area of Tottenham, North London on 6 October 1985. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) It has been as forceful on asylum-seekers as the Daily Express and the Daily Mail. According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race The Daily Express is a conservative Middle-market British Tabloid Newspaper. The Daily Mail is a British newspaper currently published in a tabloid format On July 4, 2003 it printed a front page story under the headline "Swan Bake" claiming that asylum seekers were slaughtering and eating swans. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. It later emerged that the story had no factual basis but The Sun defiantly published a follow up story headlined "Now they're after our fish!". Following a Press Complaints Commission adjudication a "clarification" was eventually printed - on page 41. The Press Complaints Commission is a regulatory body for British printed Newspapers and Magazines consisting of representatives of the major publishers [12]

Hillsborough

Further information: Hillsborough disaster - The Sun newspaper controversy
The controversial Hillsborough edition.
The controversial Hillsborough edition.

The worst moment journalistically for The Sun's sensationalism was its coverage of the 1989 Hillsborough football stadium disaster in Sheffield, where 96 people died and 730 were injured. Sheffield ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England Under a banner of the headline "THE TRUTH" the paper claimed that some fans picked the pockets of crush victims, that others urinated upon members of the emergency services as they tried to assist and that some even assaulted a Police Constable "whilst he was administering the kiss of life to a patient" (19 April 1989). A constable is a person holding a particular office most commonly in law enforcement. Artificial respiration is the act of simulating respiration, which provides for the overall exchange of gases in the body by pulmonary ventilation external respiration and internal Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Despite the bold headline - the work of Kelvin MacKenzie- the story was based on allegations which were either made by unnamed and unattributable sources, or were hearsay accounts of what named individuals had said - a fact made clear to MacKenzie by Harry Arnold, the reporter who had written it. Although the disaster had occurred before TV cameras and a mass of sports reporters, no evidence was ever produced to substantiate the allegations made in the story [13]. It caused outrage amongst the people of Liverpool and the paper still sells poorly in the city to this day. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary It is unavailable in many parts of the city, as many newsagents refuse to stock it. It was revealed in a documentary called "Alexei Sayle's Liverpool" that many people in the city won't even take the newspaper for free, and those who do result in destroying the paper, either by burning it or ripping it up. Alexei David Sayle (born 7 August 1952 is an English Comedian, Actor and Author.

On January 2005 The Sun's managing editor Graham Dudman claimed their coverage of the Hillsborough disaster was "the worst mistake in their history", he further added, "What we did was a terrible mistake. It was a terrible, insensitive, horrible article, with a dreadful headline; but what we'd also say is: we have apologised for it, and the entire senior team here now is completely different from the team that put the paper out in 1989. " Although Dudman made this claim/apology in January 2005 he rehired Kelvin MacKenzie (the editor responsible for their biggest mistake in history) as a columnist in May 2006. Kelvin Calder MacKenzie (born 22 October 1946 in South London is a British media executive and former Newspaper editor. Furthermore, on January 11, 2007, MacKenzie went on record as a panellist on BBC1's Question Time as saying the apology he made after the disaster was a hollow one, forced upon him by the paper's proprietor, Rupert Murdoch. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Question Time in a Parliament occurs when Backbenchers (members of the parliament who are not Ministers) ask questions of the Prime Minister which MacKenzie further claimed he was not sorry "for telling the truth" but he admitted that he did not know for sure whether some Liverpool fans urinated on the police, or robbed victims. [14]

Freddie Starr "ate my hamster"

The 13 March 1986 edition of The Sun, with the famous headline.
The 13 March 1986 edition of The Sun, with the famous headline. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar)

On 13 March 1986 The Sun carried as it main headline: "FREDDIE STARR ATE MY HAMSTER". Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) According to the text of the story, the British comedian Freddie Starr had been staying at the home of Vince McCaffrey and his 23-year old girlfriend Lea La Salle in Birchwood, Cheshire when the incident took place. Freddie Starr (born Frederick Leslie Fowell in Huyton, Liverpool on 9 January 1943) is an English Comedian Birchwood is a Civil parish in the north-eastern part of Warrington, Cheshire, England with a population of 11395 (as at the 2001 Cheshire (or archaically the County of Chester) is a county in North West England. Starr was claimed to have returned home from a performance at a Manchester nightclub in the small hours of the morning and demanded that Lea La Salle make him a sandwich. When she refused, he went into the kitchen and put her pet hamster Supersonic between two slices of bread and proceeded to eat it.

Freddie Starr gives his side of the story in his 2001 autobiography Unwrapped. An autobiography, from the Greek αὐτός autos "self" βίος bios "life" and γράφειν graphein "to write" He says that the only time that he ever stayed at Vince McCaffrey's house was in 1979 and that the incident was a complete fabrication. Starr writes in the book: "I have never eaten or even nibbled a live hamster, gerbil, guinea pig, mouse, shrew, vole or any other small mammal. " The man behind the hamster story was the British publicist Max Clifford. Maxwell Frank Clifford (born 6 April 1943) is an English Publicist. When asked in a television interview with Esther Rantzen some years later whether Starr really had eaten a hamster, his reply was "Of course not. Esther Louise Rantzen CBE (born) is an English Journalist and Television presenter who is best known for her long stint in That's " Clifford was unapologetic, insisting that the story had given a huge boost to Starr's career. In May 2006 the BBC nominated "FREDDIE STARR ATE MY HAMSTER" as one of the top British newspaper headlines of all time. [15]

The headline was later used in part as the title for the Commodore 64 computer game Rockstar Ate My Hamster. Rockstar Ate My Hamster is a Management Strategy Computer game developed by Codemasters in 1988 and originally released on their full-price

Mental health

On September 22, 2003 the newspaper misjudged the public mood surrounding mental health. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. When the former boxer Frank Bruno was admitted to hospital, early editions read Bonkers Bruno Locked Up across its front page. Franklin Roy Bruno (born November 16, 1961) is an English former boxer whose career highlight was winning the WBC Heavyweight The reaction was so strong and immediate that by its second edition the headline had become: Sad Bruno In Mental Home. [16]

Homosexuality

In the early 1980s, the paper was excoriating the Greater London Council, led by Ken Livingstone, giving financial support to various gay rights groups. The Greater London Council (GLC was the top-tier Local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986 Kenneth Robert Livingstone (born 17 June 1945 is a British Socialist Politician. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the paper campaigned against "pulpit poofs", as it described gay Church of England clergy, and in 1987 published a front-page article falsely accusing the pop musician Elton John of having sexual relationships with rent boys and indulging in under-age sex. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Sir Elton Hercules John CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947 is an English pop / rock Singer, Composer A gigolo, hustler or male prostitute is a male who engages in the sale of their sexual services by Prostitution. A furious John successfully sued the paper for libel and damages. The paper settled out of court for a million pounds and printed a full, front page apology titled "Sorry Elton". During the 1980s the paper carried a number of articles related to the supposed sexual orientation of a number of famous people, including one particular article written by Piers Morgan titled 'The Poofs of Pop', where the paper gave its verdict on whether endless male pop stars were gay or not. Piers Stefan Pughe-Morgan (born 30 March 1965) is a former editor of British Tabloid newspapers the News of the [17].

When Peter Mandelson was "outed" by Matthew Parris (a gay former columnist on The Sun) on Newsnight in November 1998, the paper asked whether Britain was governed by a "gay mafia", as there were then several openly gay members of the British cabinet. Peter Benjamin Mandelson (born 21 October 1953 called "Mandy" by much of the British News media, is a British Labour Politician who is the serving Matthew Parris (born 7 August 1949 in Johannesburg) is a Journalist and former Conservative politician in the United For the CNN programme see NewsNight with Aaron Brown Newsnight is a British daily News analysis Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The newspaper apologised the following day. The Sun's U-turn on its views of homosexuality dispels the notion that their editorial position on the subject in prior years was based on a religious pretext, rather it was strictly sensationalist journalism for commercial purposes. This would explain the present tone in which their entertainment sections now hype and promote rather than ridicule or pour scorn over TV programmes that are based on alternative lifestyles.

Politics

The Sun routinely refers to foreign leaders in unflattering, and arguably racist terms — such as dubbing former President Jacques Chirac of France "le Worm" — and is consistently and deliberately offensive to the French and the Germans at every opportunity. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. When France declared itself against the Iraq war the editorial said "The French President is an unscrupulous, conniving, preening, lying, cheating hypocrite". George Galloway is quite frequently referred to in denigrating language and accused of befriending Saddam Hussein and his sons. George Galloway (born 16 August 1954 in Dundee) is a Scottish Politician, author and talkshow host noted for his Left-wing views confrontational style Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30 It has been argued that this displays a level of hypocrisy; when a British journalist named Farzad Bazoft was hanged by the Hussein regime for alleged espionage, The Sun published a conviction of Bazoft for minor theft when he was a student. Farzad Bazoft ( May 22, 1958 – March 15, 1990) was an Iranian born Journalist who settled in the United Kingdom Private Eye regularly reminds its readers that The Sun's chief reporter John Kay was convicted of the manslaughter of his wife in 1977. Private Eye is a fortnightly British satirical Magazine, edited by Ian Hislop. John Kay (born 1944 is a British journalist who has worked for The Sun newspaper since 1974 and was appointed the publication's chief reporter in 1990

More recently, The Sun labelled many British Members of Parliament as traitors, regardless of their political parties, for failing to vote in favour of controversial anti-terrorism laws. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. In Law, treason is the Crime that covers some of the more serious acts of disloyalty to one's sovereign or Nation. [18] In the run up to the vote on Tuesday 8 November 2005, The Sun featured bombs victim John Tulloch on its front page with the words "Tell Tony He's Right" in their headline, despite Tulloch being vociferously opposed to the measure and to the Government's action. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [19]

More than else, The Sun is passionately opposed to the European Union, taking every opportunity to thrash policy that promotes further European integration, often using Napoleonic or WW2 era fighting language. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in

International controversy

British tabloids are popularly perceived abroad as offensive and tasteless. Here are some notable examples of The Sun's more controversial headlines:

"Urs hole" British tabloids and English football fans joined their efforts in harassing Swiss referee Urs Meier after the English lost in the Euro 2004 quarter-final where Meier disallowed an English goal, which would have won the match, for a foul on the goalkeeper. Urs Meier (born January 22 1959 in Würenlos) is a retired Swiss football referee a grocer by trade who owns a brand of household The 2004 UEFA European Football Championship (or just Euro 2004) was the twelfth edition of the UEFA European Football Championship, a quadrennial football English media and football fans were not happy with this decision, blaming Meier, calling him "Urs hole" and "idiot ref". After his personal details were published by British tabloid newspapers, Meier received more than 16,000 abusive e-mails, and also death threats. Reporters of The Sun even travelled to Switzerland and placed an English flag at his home. As a result, he was placed under police protection. Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force At the airport, Meier was picked from the plane and had to hide for seven days, and could not meet his children for four days. Ironically The Sun later criticised Chelsea FC manager José Mourinho for intimidating referee Anders Frisk in a Champions League match against FC Barcelona. José Mário dos Santos Félix Mourinho, GOIH (ʒuˈzɛ moˈɾiɲu (born 26 January 1963 in Setúbal) is a Portuguese Anders Frisk (born 18 February 1963 in Gothenburg, Sweden) is an insurance agent by trade and a former football referee. See also List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League winners The UEFA Champions League, which evolved from the European Champion Clubs' Cup is a seasonal club Fútbol Club Barcelona ( Catalan fudˈbɔɫ ˌklup bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish ˈfutβol ˌkluβ baɾθeˈlona known familiarly as Barça (Spanish ˈbaɾsa Catalan

"From Hitler Youth to Papa Ratzi" Headline of 20 April 2005 about German Joseph Ratzinger being elected Pope Benedict XVI. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger

"I'm Big in the Bumdestag" Headline of 17 April 2006 about a paparazzo picture taken of German chancellor Angela Merkel's rear during a change of clothing while on holiday in Italy. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. (ˈaŋɡela doʁoˈteːa ˈmɛɐ̯kəl (born Angela Dorothea Kasner, 17 July 1954 in Hamburg, West Germany) is the Chancellor of Germany. Additional puns were "the cheeky chancellor" and "the Iron Frau", and "much improved bottom line" in regard to economy.

"Racist in Peace" Headline of 19 June 2007 reporting the death of British comedian Bernard Manning, who had died the previous day aged 76. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Bernard John Manning (13 August 1930 &ndash 18 June 2007 was an English stand-up comedian. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries The headline mocked Manning's controversial jokes which were often offensive towards black people.

"Ship Ship Hooray" Headline of 14 January 2004 reporting the death of British serial killer Dr Harold Shipman, who had been found hanged the previous day in his prison cell. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Harold Frederick "Fred" Shipman (14 January 1946 &ndash 13 January 2004 was an English General practitioner and convicted Serial killer The article urged readers to feel good about Shipman's death, as in taking his own life he had saved the British taxpayer the cost of keeping him locked up for years. A diagram of Shipman's suicide was also printed in the article, urging fellow inmate and murderer Roy Whiting to follow Shipman's example. The murder of Sarah Payne (13 October 1991 &ndash 1 July 2000 occurred in July 2000 [4]

Editors

Scottish edition

There is also a Scottish edition of The Sun launched in 1987, known as The Scottish Sun. Graham Dudman is the current Managing Editor of The Sun newspaper Sydney Jacobson Baron Jacobson, ( 26 October 1908, Zeerost, Transvaal &ndash 13 August 1988, St Albans, The Daily Herald was a British Newspaper, published in London from 1912 to 1964 (although it was weekly during the First World War Sir Albert Lamb, commonly known as Larry Lamb ( July 15, 1929 &ndash May 19, 2000) was a British Newspaper editor Bernard Shrimsley was editor of The Sun from 1972 to 1975 and went on to edit the News of the World and the Mail on Sunday Sir Albert Lamb, commonly known as Larry Lamb ( July 15, 1929 &ndash May 19, 2000) was a British Newspaper editor Kelvin Calder MacKenzie (born 22 October 1946 in South London is a British media executive and former Newspaper editor. David Yelland (born May 14 1963) is a former Journalist and a partner at Brunswick Group LLP, a global financial Public relations Rebekah Wade (born 27 May 1968 in Cheshire, England) is a British Journalist and Newspaper Editor Based in Glasgow, the paper sells for just 25p. The Scottish Sun is often referred to as "a downmarket, English-based tabloid" by the Record. It duplicates much of the content of the English edition but with additional coverage of Scottish news and sport. In the early 1990s, the Scottish edition became notable as the first major newspaper to declare support for the pro-independence Scottish National Party. The Scottish National Party (SNP (Pàrtaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba Scottis Naitional Pairtie is a Centre-left political party which campaigns for Scottish At the time the paper elsewhere continued to support the Conservatives, who were then becoming an increasingly marginalised force in Scotland. This stance, however, became somewhat problematic following The Sun's adoption of support for Labour elsewhere in the UK, given that the SNP were seen as Labour's main challengers and fiercest rivals in Scotland. The Scottish edition was forced to employ some convoluted logic to justify its eventual withdrawal of support for the SNP in favour of pro-union Labour.

However, the Scottish Sun had performed a major U-turn by the time of the Scottish Parliament election, 2007, in which its front page featured a hangman's noose in the shape of an SNP logo, stating "Vote SNP today and you put Scotland's head in the noose" [5] This drew heavy criticism, even from those who opposed the SNP. The 2007 Scottish Parliament election was held on Thursday 3 May 2007 to elect members to the Scottish Parliament

Related newspapers

Other newspapers published by other companies within the UK with "tabloid values" are the Daily Express, the Daily Mail, the Daily Mirror, the Daily Star, and the Daily Sport. The Daily Express is a conservative Middle-market British Tabloid Newspaper. The Daily Mail is a British newspaper currently published in a tabloid format The Daily Mirror, often referred to simply as The Mirror, is a British Tabloid daily Newspaper founded in 1903 The Daily Sport is a Tabloid Newspaper published in the United Kingdom by Sport Newspapers, owned by the pornographer Of these, only the Mirror supports the Labour Party. The others are Conservative, although The Sun has supported New Labour from 1996. See List of newspapers in the United Kingdom for a comparison of The Sun with other newspapers. This article is a list of Newspapers in the United Kingdom. UK daily newspapers Traditionally newspapers could be split into serious-minded newspapers usually referred

Note: the sister Sunday paper of The Sun (also published by News Group Newspapers) is the News of the World – the Sunday Sun is an unrelated tabloid newspaper, published in Newcastle upon Tyne. The News of the World is a British Tabloid Newspaper published every Sunday The Sunday Sun is a regional Sunday newspaper for North East England, Cumbria and the Scottish Borders, published in Newcastle Upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England

References

  1. ^ "The Sun facts & figures", Newspaper Marketing Agency.  
  2. ^ "The Times facts & figures", Newspaper Marketing Agency.  
  3. ^ Greenslade, Ch. 9
  4. ^ Chippindale and Horrie, Ch 1.
  5. ^ Chippindale and Horrie Ch. 1
  6. ^ Chippindale and Horrie, Ch 1
  7. ^ Greenslade Ch. 9
  8. ^ Chippindale and Horrie
  9. ^ "Cockney rhyming slang dictionary", cockneyrhymingslang. co. uk.  
  10. ^ (17 September 2007) "Minute of the meeting with Mr Rupert Murdoch, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, News Corporation". Inquiry into Media Ownership and the News: p. 10, New York: House of Commons Select Committee on Communications. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous  
  11. ^ Masters, Dave. "Send us web's sickest sites", The Sun, 10-1-2007.  
  12. ^ Medic, Nick. "How I took on The Sun - and lost", 15-7-2004.  
  13. ^ Chippindale and Horrie
  14. ^ "No apology for Hillsborough story", BBC, 2007-01-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Retrieved on 2007-02-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable  
  15. ^ BBC NEWS | Programmes | Newsnight Home | Telegraph wins newspaper vote
  16. ^ Persaud, Raj. "Knocking Bruno when he is down", British Medical Journal, 4-10-2003.  
  17. ^ Morgan, Piers. "'No stereotypes were harmed in the making of this film'", The Daily Telegraph, 17-09-2005. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia.  
  18. ^ Kavanagh, Trevor. "Terror bill defeat", The Sun.  
  19. ^ Coward, Ros. "'They have given me someone else's voice - Blair's voice'", The Guardian, 10-11-2005. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group.  
  20. ^ Hall, Mick. "Ken Loach hits back at English tabloids", Indymedia Ireland, 1-6-2006. The Independent Media Center (aka Indymedia or IMC) is a global participatory network of journalists that reports on political and social issues  
  21. ^ Greenslade, Roy. "A classic example of newspaper spin", The Guardian. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group.  

Further reading

See also

External links

A tabloid is a Newspaper industry term which refers to a smaller newspaper format per spread to a weekly or semi-weekly alternative newspaper that focuses on local-interest Yellow journalism is Journalism that downplays legitimate news in favor of eye-catching headlines that sell more newspapers Hold Ye Front Page is a best-selling History book published by The Sun newspaper in 1999 to commemorate the Millennium. Dear Deidre is the British newspaper The Sun's long running Agony aunt column written by Deidre Sanders. prod concern = Webcomic with no claim in article of meeting [[WPN]] Striker is a Comic strip (and for a time it was a magazine in the British tabloid The Sun, created by Pete Nash. Freddie Starr (born Frederick Leslie Fowell in Huyton, Liverpool on 9 January 1943) is an English Comedian Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The
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