This article is about the 1850 book. For films based on the book see The Scarlet Letter (film)

The Scarlet Letter, published in 1850, is an American novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and is generally considered to be his magnum opus. For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link Nathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4 1804 – May 19 1864 was an American novelist and Short story writer Magnum opus (sometimes Opus magnum, plural magna opera) from the Latin meaning great work, refers to the best the greatest Set in Puritan Boston in the seventeenth century, it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who gives birth after committing adultery, refuses to name the father, and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was an associate of any number of religious groups advocating for more "purity" of Worship and Doctrine, The theme of Adultery features in a wide range of Literature through the ages Repentance is a change of thought and action to correct a wrong and gain Forgiveness from the one wronged Throughout the novel, Hawthorne explores the issues of grace, legalism, sin, and guilt. In Christianity, divine Grace refers to the sovereign favour of God for humankind — especially in regard to Salvation — irrespective of actions Legalism, in Christian Theology, is a pejorative term referring to an over-emphasis on law or codes of conduct or legal ideas usually implying an allegation Sin is a term used mainly in a religious context to describe an act that violates a moral Rule, or the state of having committed such a violation ---- Guilt is the Fact, state or Verdict (by a Court or other Tribunal) of an Offence, Crime, Violation

Plot introduction

Salem Custom House

The story of The Scarlet Letter is framed by a preface (called "The Custom-House") in which the narrator, a surveyor in the Custom House, claims to have found documents and papers that substantiate the evidence concerning Prynne and her situation. A frame story (also frame tale, frame narrative, etc is a narrative technique whereby an introductory main story is composed at least in part for the purpose of A Custom House or Customs House was a building housing the offices for the government officials who processed the paperwork for the import and export of goods into and out The narrator says that when he touched the letter to his breast it gave off "burning embers. . . as if the letter were not of red cloth, but red hot iron. " Among these documents, the narrator claims to have found the death certificate of Anne Hutchinson, previously believed to have been destroyed by the Puritan church leaders as they tried to cover up her brutal murder two years earlier. Anne Hutchinson ( July 20, 1591 – August 20, 1643) was the unauthorized Puritan minister of a dissident church discussion A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was an associate of any number of religious groups advocating for more "purity" of Worship and Doctrine, The manuscript, the work of a past surveyor, Jonathan Pue, detailed the events of the trials of Hutchinson's alleged murderers. When the narrator lost his post, he decided to write a fictional account of the events recorded in the manuscript. The Scarlet Letter is the final product.

Historically, Nathaniel Hawthorne worked in the Custom House in Salem, Massachusetts for several years, eventually losing his job as a result of an administration change. Salem is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. There is no factual basis for the documents described in the book, however, and the preface is properly read as a literary device. Introductions that justify the fantastic content to come were a typical device in romance. ^[1]

Plot summary

The Scarlet Letter (1860) by T. H. Matteson. Tompkins Harrison Matteson was an American painter born in Peterboro New York, in 1813 This oil on canvas painting was made under the supervision of Hawthorne himself. ^[2]

The novel begins in 17th-century Boston, Massachusetts, then a Puritan settlement. A young woman, Hester Prynne, is led from the town prison with her infant daughter, Pearl, in her arms and the scarlet letter “A” on her bosom. The scarlet letter "A" represents the act of adultery that she has committed and it is to be a symbol of her sin – a badge of shame – for all to see. A badge of shame, also a symbol of shame, mark of shame, or simply a stigma, is typically a distinctive mark or token on a person deemed as worthy A woman in the crowd tells an elderly onlooker that Hester is being punished for adultery. Hester's husband, who is much older than she is, was sent ahead to America, but he never arrived in Boston. The consensus is that he has been lost at sea. While waiting for her husband, Hester has apparently had an affair, as she has given birth to a child. She will not reveal her lover’s identity, however, and the scarlet letter, along with her public shaming, is her punishment for her sin and her secrecy. Public humiliation was often used by local communities to punish minor and petty criminals before the age of large modern Prisons (imprisonment was long unusual as a punishment On this day Hester is led to the town scaffold and harangued by the town fathers, but she again refuses to identify her child’s father. ^[2]

The elderly onlooker is Hester’s missing husband, who is now practicing medicine and calling himself Roger Chillingworth. He settles in Boston, intent on revenge. He reveals his true identity to no one but Hester, whom he has sworn to secrecy. Several years pass. Hester supports herself by working as a seamstress, and Pearl (her daughter) grows into a willful, impish child, who is more of a symbol than an actual character, said to be the scarlet letter come to life as both Hester's love and her punishment. Shunned by the community, they live in a small cottage on the outskirts of Boston. Community officials attempt to take Pearl away from Hester, but, with the help of Arthur Dimmesdale, an eloquent minister, the mother and daughter manage to stay together. Dimmesdale, however, appears to be wasting away and suffers from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress. Chillingworth attaches himself to the ailing minister and eventually moves in with him so that he can provide his patient with round-the-clock care. Chillingworth also suspects that there may be a connection between the minister’s torments and Hester’s secret, and he begins to test Dimmesdale to see what he can learn. One afternoon, while the minister sleeps, Chillingworth discovers an "A" (for adultery) on the man’s breast, which convinces him that his suspicions are correct. ^[2]

Dimmesdale’s psychological anguish deepens, and he invents new tortures for himself. In the meantime, Hester’s charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community. One night, when Pearl is about seven years old, she and her mother are returning home from a visit to a deathbed when they encounter Dimmesdale atop the town scaffold, trying to punish himself for his sins. Hester and Pearl join him, and the three link hands. Dimmesdale refuses Pearl’s request that he acknowledge her publicly the next day, and a meteor marks a dull red “A” in the night sky . It is interpreted by the townsfolk to mean Angel, as a prominent figure in the community had died that night, but Dimmesdale sees it as meaning Adultery. Hester can see that the minister’s condition is worsening, and she resolves to intervene. She goes to Chillingworth and asks him to stop adding to Dimmesdale’s self-torment. Chillingworth refuses. ^[2]

Hester arranges an encounter with Dimmesdale in the forest because she is aware that Chillingworth has probably guessed that she plans to reveal his identity to Dimmesdale. The former lovers decide to flee to Europe, where they can live with Pearl as a family. They will take a ship sailing from Boston in four days. Both feel a sense of release, and Hester removes her scarlet letter and lets down her hair. Pearl, playing nearby, does not recognize her mother without the letter. She is unnerved and expels a shriek until her mother points out the letter on the ground. Hester beckons Pearl to come to her, but Pearl will not go to her mother until Hester buttons the letter back onto her dress. Pearl then goes to her mother. Dimmesdale gives Pearl a kiss on the forehead, which Pearl immediately tries to wash off in the brook.

The day before the ship is to sail, the townspeople gather for a holiday and Dimmesdale preaches his most eloquent sermon ever. Meanwhile, Hester has learned that Chillingworth knows of their plan and has booked passage on the same ship. Dimmesdale, leaving the church after his sermon, sees Hester and Pearl standing before the town scaffold. He impulsively mounts the scaffold with his lover and his daughter, and confesses publicly, exposing the mark seared into the flesh of his chest. He falls dead just after Pearl kisses him. ^[2]

Frustrated in his revenge, Chillingworth dies a year later. Hester and Pearl leave Boston, and no one knows what has happened to them. Many years later, Hester returns alone, still wearing the scarlet letter, to live in her old cottage and resume her charitable work. She receives occasional letters from Pearl, who was rumored to have married a European aristocrat and established a family of her own. Pearl also inherits all of Chillingworth's money even though he knows she is not his daughter. There is a sense of liberation in her and the townspeople, especially the women, who had finally begun to forgive Hester of her tragic indiscretion. When Hester dies, she is buried in "a new grave near an old and sunken one, in that burial ground beside which King's Chapel has since been built. It was near that old and sunken grave, yet with[in] a space [set] between, as if the dust of the two sleepers had no right to mingle. Yet one tombstone served for both. " The tombstone was decorated with a letter "A", and one tombstone was used for Hester and Dimmesdale.

Major themes

Sin

Sin and knowledge are linked in the Judeo-Christian tradition. Judeo-Christian (or Judaeo-Christian, sometimes written as Judæo-Christian) is a term used to describe the body of concepts and values which are thought to be held The Bible begins with the story of Adam and Eve, who were expelled from the Garden of Eden for eating from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin Adam (אָדָם ʼĀḏām, "dust man mankind" آدم; Ge'ez: አዳ and Eve (חַוָּה Ḥawwā, "living Not to be confused with Eden Gardens.The Garden of Eden ( Hebrew "pleasure" גַּן עֵדֶן Arabic: جنات عدن, In the Book of Genesis, the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil (and occasionally translated as the Tree of Conscience,) was a Tree in the middle of the As a result of their knowledge, Adam and Eve are made aware of their disobedience, that which separates them from the divine and from other creatures. Once expelled from the Garden of Eden, they are forced to toil and to procreate—two “labors” that seem to define the human condition. The experience of Hester and Dimmesdale recalls the story of Adam and Eve because, in both cases, sin results in expulsion and suffering. But it also results in knowledge—specifically, in knowledge of what it means to be human. For Hester, the scarlet letter functions as “her passport into regions where other women dared not tread,” leading her to “speculate” about her society and herself more “boldly” than anyone else in New England. ^[3]

As for Dimmesdale, the “cheating minister” of his sin gives him “sympathies so intimate with the sinful brotherhood of mankind, so that his heart vibrate[s] in unison with theirs. ” His eloquent and powerful sermons derive from this sense of empathy. Hester and Dimmesdale contemplate their own sinfulness on a daily basis and try to reconcile it with their lived experiences. The Puritan elders, on the other hand, insist on seeing earthly experience as merely an obstacle on the path to heaven. A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was an associate of any number of religious groups advocating for more "purity" of Worship and Doctrine, Thus, they view sin as a threat to the community that should be punished and suppressed. Their answer to Hester’s sin is to ostracize her. Ostracism ( ostrakismos) was a procedure under the Athenian democracy in which a prominent Citizen could be expelled from the City-state Yet, Puritan society is stagnant, while Hester and Dimmesdale’s experience shows that a state of sinfulness can lead to personal growth, sympathy, and understanding of others. Paradoxically, these qualities are shown to be incompatible with a state of purity. ^[3] The narrative of the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is quite in keeping with the oldest and most fully authorized principles in Christian thought. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth His "Fall" is a descent from apparent grace to his own damnation; he appears to begin in purity. He ends in corruption. The subtlety is that the minister is his own deceiver, convincing himself at every stage of his spiritual pilgrimage that he is saved. In Religion and Spirituality, a pilgrimage is a long journey or Search of great Moral significance ^[4]

The rosebush, its beauty a striking contrast to all that surrounds it — as later the beautifully embroidered scarlet A will be — is held out in part as an invitation to find “some sweet moral blossom” in the ensuing, tragic tale and in part as an image that “the deep heart of nature” (perhaps God) may look more kindly on the errant Hester and her child (the roses among the weeds) than do her Puritan neighbors. Throughout the work, the nature images contrast with the stark darkness of the Puritans and their systems. ^[5]

Chillingworth’s misshapen body reflects (or symbolizes) the evil in his soul, which builds as the novel progresses. ^[5]

Although Pearl is a complex character, her primary function within the novel is as a symbol. Pearl herself is the embodiment of the scarlet letter, and Hester rightly clothes her in a beautiful dress of scarlet, embroidered with gold thread. . . just like the scarlet letter upon Hester's bosom. ^[3] It would be interesting to draw a parallel between Pearl and Beatrice, in Rappaccini's Daughter. "Rappaccini's Daughter" is a Short story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1844 and collected in Mosses from an Old Manse Both are studies in the same direction, though from different standpoints. Beatrice is nourished upon poisonous plants, until she becomes herself poisonous. Pearl, in the mysterious prenatal world, imbibes the poison of her parents' guilt. But, in either instance, behind this imported evil stands the personal soul: and the question is, Shall the soul become the victim of its involuntary circumstances? Hawthorne, in both cases, inclines to the brighter alternative. ^[6]

Past and present

The clashing of past and present is explored in various ways. For example, the character of the old General, whose heroic qualities include a distinguished name, perseverance, integrity, compassion, and moral inner strength, is said to be “the soul and spirit of New England hardihood. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the ” Now put out to pasture, he sometimes presides over the Custom House run by corrupt public servants, who skip work to sleep, allow or overlook smuggling, and are supervised by an inspector with “no power of thought, nor depth of feeling, no troublesome sensibilities,” who is honest enough but without a spiritual compass. ^[5]

Hawthorne himself had ambivalent feelings about the role of his ancestors in his life. In his autobiographical sketch, Hawthorne described his ancestors as “dim and dusky,” “grave, bearded, sable-cloaked, and steel crowned,” “bitter persecutors” whose “better deeds” would be diminished by their bad ones. There can be little doubt of Hawthorne’s disdain for the stern morality and rigidity of the Puritans, and he imagined his predecessors’ disdainful view of him: unsuccessful in their eyes, worthless and disgraceful. “A writer of story books!” But even as he disagrees with his ancestor’s viewpoint, he also feels an instinctual connection to them and, more importantly, a “sense of place” in Salem. Their blood remains in his veins, but their intolerance and lack of humanity becomes the subject of his novel. ^[5]

Publication and response

The Scarlet Letter was published in the spring of 1850 by Ticknor & Fields, beginning Hawthorne's most lucrative period. ^[7] The book was an instant best-seller. ^[8] Its immediate and lasting success are due to the way it addresses spiritual and moral issues from a uniquely American standpoint. In 1850, adultery was an extremely risqué subject, but because Hawthorne had the support of the New England literary establishment, it passed easily into the realm of appropriate reading. It has been said that this work represents the height of Hawthorne's literary genius; dense with terse descriptions. It remains relevant for its philosophical and psychological depth, and continues to be read as a classic tale on a universal theme. ^[9]

The Scarlet Letter was also one of the first mass-produced books in America. Into the mid-nineteenth century, bookbinders of home-grown literature typically hand-made their books and sold them in small quantities. The first mechanized printing of The Scarlet Letter, 2,500 volumes, sold out within ten days,^[7] and was widely read and discussed to an extent not much experienced in the young country up until that time. Copies of the first edition are often sought by collectors as rare books, and may fetch up to around $6,000 USD. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been

D. H. Lawrence said that there could be no more perfect work of the American imagination than The Scarlet Letter. David Herbert Richards Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930 was an English writer of the 20th century whose prolific and diverse output included Novels short ^[10]

Allusions/references to actual history, geography and current science

• Anne Hutchinson, mentioned in Chapter 1 - The Prison Door, was a religious dissenter (1591-1643). Anne Hutchinson ( July 20, 1591 – August 20, 1643) was the unauthorized Puritan minister of a dissident church discussion In the 1630s she was excommunicated by the Puritans and exiled from Boston and moved to Rhode Island. A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was an associate of any number of religious groups advocating for more "purity" of Worship and Doctrine, Rhode Island ( officially named the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States ^[5]
• Martin Luther (1483-1546) was a leader of the Protestant Reformation in Germany. Martin Luther (November 10 1483 February 18 1546 was a German Monk, theologian, university professor Father of Protestantism, and church reformer The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time
• Sir Thomas Overbury and Dr. Sir Thomas Overbury (1581 &ndash 15 September 1613) English Poet and essayist and the victim of one of the most sensational crimes in English history Forman were the subjects of an adultery scandal in 1615 in England. Dr. Forman was charged with trying to poison his adulterous wife and her lover. Overbury was a friend of the lover and was perhaps poisoned.
• John Winthrop (1588-1649), first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. John Winthrop ( 12 January 1587/8 26 March 1649) led a group of English Puritans to the New World, joined The Massachusetts Bay Colony (sometimes called the Massachusetts Bay Company, for the institution that founded it was an English settlement on the east coast of North America

Film, TV or theatrical adaptations

Main Article: Film Adaptations of the Scarlet Letter

1995 film poster

• 1917: A black-and-white silent film directed by Carl Harbaugh with Mary G. Black-and-white is a number of Monochrome forms in Visual arts. Martin as Hester Prynne
• 1926: A silent movie directed by Victor Sjostrom and starring Lillian Gish and Lars Hanson. (in the United States sometimes known as Victor Seastrom) ( September 20, 1879 &ndash January 3, 1960) was a Swedish Actor Lillian Diana Gish ( October 14 1893 – February 27 1993) was an American stage screen and television actress whose Lars Hanson ( July 26, 1886 - April 8, 1965) was a highly successful Swedish film and stage Actor mostly remembered for
• 1934: film directed by Robert G. Vignola and starring Colleen Moore
• 1973: Der Scharlachrote Buchstabe a film directed by Wim Wenders in German
• 1979: PBS version starring Meg Foster and John Heard
• 1994: A rock musical, "The Scarlet Letter" written by Mark Governor is produced in Los Angeles. Robert G Vignola ( August 5, 1882 - October 25, 1953 was an Italian -born American Actor, Screenwriter Colleen Moore, born Kathleen Morrison ( August 19 1900 – January 25 1988) was an American Film actress The Scarlet Letter ( Der Scharlachrote Buchstabe) is a 1973 German film directed by Wim Wenders. Ernst Wilhelm ("Wim" Wenders (born August 14, 1945) is a German Film director, Playwright, Author, The Scarlet Letter is a 1979 miniseries based on the novel of the same name that aired on WGBH from March 3, 1979 to March 24, Meg Foster (born Megan Foster on May 10, 1948) is an American actress best known for her icy blue eyes John Heard may refer to John Heard (ferryman (born 1835 ferryman and namesake of Heard's Ferry John Heard (actor (born
• 1995: The Scarlet Letter, a film directed by Roland Joffé and starring Demi Moore as Hester and Gary Oldman as Arthur Dimmesdale. The Scarlet Letter is the 1995 film version of the classic Nathaniel Hawthorne novel The Scarlet Letter. Roland Joffé (born November 17, 1945 in London) is a Film director who began his career in Demi Moore (born Demetria Gene Guynes on November 11 1962 is an American Actress. Gary Leonard Oldman (born 21 March 1958 is an English actor writer director, producer, Voice-over artist and occasional Musician who This version is "freely adapted" from Hawthorne according to the opening credits and takes liberties with the original story.
• 1996: The film Primal Fear references The Scarlet Letter. Primal Fear is a 1996 motion picture which tells a story of a defense attorney ( Richard Gere) who defends an altar boy ( Edward
• The Red Letter Plays (In The Blood produced in 1999, and F--ing A, produced in 2000) by playwright Suzan-Lori Parks, rewrote the story placing it in contemporary New York and Houston. Suzan-Lori Parks (born 1964 is an award-winning American Playwright and Screenwriter. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous
• 2001: A musical stage adaptation which premiered at the Fringe Festival in Edinburgh, Scotland, by Stacey Mancine, Daniel Koloski, and Simon Gray. Fringe theatre is a term used to describe Alternative theatre, or entertainment not of the mainstream Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
• 2004: The Scarlet Letter is a Korean noir-thriller featuring an adulteress' monologue, that mentions a plan to raise her unborn child as Pearl in America, in a desperate plea to exit her obsessive affair. The Scarlet Letter is a 2004 South Korean film about a police detective who investigates a murder case while struggling to hang onto his relationships with
• 2008: "shAme"[1], a rock opera by Mark Governor based on "The Scarlet Letter" premieres in Los Angeles. It is a major reworking of his 1994 stage musical that was also produced in Boston in 2000 and as a radio production in Berlin in 2005. The 2000 version was endorsed and presented by the Nathaniel Hawthorne Society.

Allusions/references from other works

Literature

• The 1993 novel, The Holder of the World by Bharati Mukherjee re-wrote the story, placing it in present day Boston, Colonial America, and seventeenth century India during the spread of the British East India Company. The Holder of the World, (1993 is a novel by Bharati Mukherjee. Bharati Mukherjee (born July 27, 1940) is an award-winning Indian born American writer. The term colonial history of the United States refers to the history of the land that would become the United States from the start of European settlement to the time of independence India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Honourable East India Company ( HEIC) referred to most commonly as the East India Company, also historically and colloquially as John Company, or
• Deborah Noyes wrote a companion to this novel entitled Angel and Apostle with Pearl as the main character. Angel and Apostle is a novel written by Deborah Noyes and published in 2005.
• Postmodern writer Kathy Acker borrows from The Scarlet Letter in her novel Blood and Guts in High School. Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement' While " Modern " itself refers to something "related to the present" the movement of modernism Kathy Acker (née Karen Alexander) ( 18 April 1947 - 30 November 1997) was an American experimental Novelist, Blood and Guts in High School is a novel by Kathy Acker. It was written in the late 1970s and was copyrighted in 1978 but had a complex and circuitous route Janie, the main character, identifies with Hester Prynne and intertwines their stories in a vulgar manner.
• In the novel Speak, Hairwoman, the English teacher, refers to The Scarlet Letter in her lesson. Speak is a 1999 Novel by Laurie Halse Anderson about a Teenager named Melinda Sordino. The novel's protagonist, Melinda Sordino, is a freshman in high school who is ostracized from her fellow schoolmates during the school year, much as Hester Prynne was ostracized by the Puritans in Boston. Melinda Sordino (born August 1984 is the young narrator of Laurie Halse Anderson 's 1999 novel Speak.
• The character Hester Prynne features in Maryse Conde's 'I, Tituba. . . Black Witch of Salem'.
• The 2008 Jhumpa Lahiri novel, [[Unaccustomed Earth]] takes its title from [[The Scarlet Letter]]. Jhumpa Lahiri ( IPA: /ˈdʒuːmpʌ lʌˈhɪəriː/ (born Nilanjana Sudeshna on 11 July 1967) ( Bengali: ঝুম্পা লাহিড়ী

Music

• The band Halifax have a song entitled "Scarlet Letter Part 2" on their EP "A Writer's Reference". Halifax is a four-piece Rock band from Thousand Oaks California.
• The band As Blood Runs Black titled their song "Hester Prynne" including lyrics that hint towards sin. As Blood Runs Black is an American Deathcore band from Los Angeles, California Overview The band formed in 2004
• The Music Man character Harold Hill sings a line in the song "The Sadder But Wiser Girl" about his desire for a strong-willed woman: "I smile, I grin, when the gal with a touch of sin walks in. The Music Man is a musical with book music and lyrics by Meredith Willson. / I hope, and I pray, for a Hester to win just one more 'A'. "
• The band Trophy Scars refer to the title of the book in the opening lines of their album Alphabet. Trophy Scars is a rock band from Morristown New Jersey. Biography The band was formed by Jerry Jones (vocals John Ferrara (guitar Alphabets. There are also other allusions to the novel over the course of the album via a similar theme and lexical device. In a recent interview to Absolute Punk, Jerry Jones, the band's lead singer said "I did indeed adopt Nathaniel Hawthorne's motif for his book The Scarlet Letter". AbsolutePunknet is a Website, Online community, and Alternative music News source founded by Jason Tate (the current CEO)
• The Virginia-based Hip-Hop group The Clipse refers to Hawthorne in an unreleased track from their 2006 album Hell Hath No Fury. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Hip hop is a cultural movement which developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among African Americans and Latinos. Clipse is a Virginia -based hip hop duo Formed in 1992 by brothers Malice (born Gene Thornton in 1972 in The Bronx New York Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. For the popular proverb beginning with a line that is similar to "Hell hath no fury Pusha T delivers the line "Like a Scarlett letter, for the world to see" on a song called "Pussy" which was later released on their mix tape album We Got It 4 Cheap: Vol. We Got It 4 Cheap is a series of Mixtapes released by Virginia hip hop duo Clipse and their group the Re-Up Gang. 1.
• The band Sweetbox references it in their song "Chyna Girl", in which vocalist Jade sings "And now my scarlet letter burns". Sweetbox, is a pop music project that was formed in 1995 by executive producer Heiko Schmidt and music producer Roberto "Geo" Rosan
• American composer Robert Ward composed a ballet in 1994 for the Winston-Salem Piedmont Triad Symphony based on the novel. Robert Ward (born September 13, 1917 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American Composer.
• American composer Stephen Paulus composed a monodrama opera in 2003 entitled "Hester Prynne at Death" (to a text of Terry Quinn) based on the novel. Stephen Paulus (born August 24 1949 in Summit New Jersey) is an American Composer, best known for his Operas and Choral music Terrance " Terry " O'Quinn (born July 15, 1952) is an Emmy Award -winning American Actor.
• The Casting Crowns song "Does Anybody Hear Her?" includes the line; "Can't see past her scarlet letter/And they've never even met her. Casting Crowns is a Grammy award and Dove Award winning Christian band that employs a Soft rock music style "
• The rosebush is referenced in the song "Don't Forget Me" by the Red Hot Chili Peppers in the line; "I'm the rainbow, in your jail cell, all the memories of everything you've ever smelled. Red Hot Chili Peppers are "
• The Tool song "The Grudge" deals with the themes of forgiveness and guilt, referencing the novel with the lyrics "Unable to forgive your scarlet letterman"
• The Say Anything song "People Like You Are Why People Like Me Exist" mentions the line "Repressed and overdressed with a Scarlet Letter on your chest. Tool is an American rock band that was formed in 1990 in Los Angeles, California. Say Anything is a rock band from Los Angeles California, fronted by Singer-songwriter Max Bemis. "
• The Hole song 'Old Age' references the book with the line "No one knows she's Hester Prynne". Hole was an American Alternative rock band that formed in Los Angeles in 1989 and disbanded in 2002
• The Project 86 song titled "Salem's Suburbs" contains the lines "They put on disguises today/To hide the scarlet letters/That each of us has put so far away. Project 86 is a Christian Post-Hardcore band from Orange County California consisting of Andrew Schwab (vocals Randy Torres "
• The Jag Panzer Song Titled "The Scarlet Letter" on the album "Mechanized Warfare"

Television

• An episode of the America teen drama Popular was based around each of the main characters confessing their Scarlet Letter. Jag Panzer is a Power metal band from the United States of America. Mechanized Warfare is the sixth studio Album released by American Power metal band Jag Panzer, released in 2001 Popular was a teenage Comedy-drama on The WB Television Network in the United States created by Ryan Murphy ( Nip/Tuck
• The show One Tree Hill features an episode with a voice over by character Lucas Scott where a quote from The Scarlet Letter is used. One Tree Hill is a teen television drama created by Mark Schwahn that premiered on September 23 2003 on The WB Television Network.
• In "Easy-Bake Coven" plot The Simpsons Treehouse of Horror VIII, Edna Krabappel is seen wearing a scarlet letter 'A'. " Treehouse of Horror VIII " is the fourth episode of The Simpsons ' ninth season and first aired on the Fox network
• In "Grey's Anatomy", the episode "Who's Zoomin' Who?", George is trying to get Olivia to say she had slept with other men. He says "it's not like I'm handing out Scarlet Letters or anything. "
• In "Reno 911!," the episode "Son of a "Chechekevitch" (2006), Deputies Weigel and Kimball answer a 911 call at the Reno Renaissance Fair, where someone sticks a red "A" on the chest of a very pregnant Weigel.
• In the movie "Speak" Melinda Sordino and her class are studying symbolism with The Scarlet Letter as reference material, Melinda narrates "why couldn't he just say what he meant? Would they pin a scarlett letter on his chest? S for staight forward. Speak ( 2004) is an Independent film based on the Novel of the same name by Laurie Halse Anderson. "
• In an Episode of Saturday Night Live, hosted by Lara Flynn Boyle, Boyle plays "Hester" but instead of an "A" on her chest, it is the letters "BJ". Later in the sketch, Will Ferrell comes on to the scene wearing the letters "HJ" and "BF"
• In an episode of Twin Peaks, Audrey Horne (Sherilyn Fenn) identifies herself as Hester Prynne while attempting to gain employment at a brothel. Twin Peaks is a Television Serial drama that follows the investigation of the brutal murder of popular respected Teenager and homecoming queen Audrey Horne is a character from the television series Twin Peaks, created by David Lynch and Mark Frost. Sherilyn Fenn (born February 1, 1965) is an Emmy - and Golden Globe award-nominated American Actress. The Scarlet Letter is the Magnum opus of Nathaniel Hawthorne.
• A reference to The Scarlet Letter is made in hit medical drama House (TV series). House, also known as House MD, is an American Medical drama, which debuted on the FOX network on November 16 2004 In episode "Insensitive", Dr. Lisa Cuddy asks Gregory House, "Do I need to stitch a letter on my tops?" when he finds out she had brought a man home after a first date. Lisa Cuddy, MD, is a Fictional character on the Fox Medical drama House. Gregory House, MD, is a Fictional character and Protagonist of the American Medical drama House.
• In the song "SlutMaker" by GAZA there is a reference to the scarlet letter. stating:""Sluts fuck better. " she said to me. So what's with the Scarlet Letter shit? There's no 'A' on your chest. "

Culture

Richard Dawkins's Out Campaign for atheism uses a red scarlet "A" on webpages and clothing as an emblem of atheist identification. Clinton Richard Dawkins, FRS, FRSL (born 26 March 1941 is a British ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and Popular science The Out Campaign is a public awareness initiative for Freethought and Atheism. Atheism ^[11]

See also

• Boston in fiction
• Illegitimacy in fiction

References

External links

• The original text of The Scarlet Letter hosted by the University of Virginia
• Hawthorne in Salem Website Page on Hester and Pearl in The Scarlet Letter
• The Scarlet Letter, available at Project Gutenberg. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works