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This article is about the United States military building. For the shape, see Pentagon. Regular pentagons The term pentagon is commonly used to mean a regular convex pentagon, where all sides are equal and all interior angles are equal (to
The Pentagon
Arlington, Virginia

Southwest view of the Pentagon with the Potomac River and Washington Monument in background. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state The Potomac River flows into the Chesapeake Bay, located along the mid- Atlantic coast of the United States. The Washington Monument is a large tall sand-colored Obelisk near the west end of the National Mall in Washington D
Type Headquarters building
Built 1943
In use 1943 – present
Garrison Joint Chiefs of Staff
Department of Defense
Battles/wars 2001 terrorist attacks
1945 map of the Pentagon road network, including present-day State Route 27 and part of the Shirley Highway.
1945 map of the Pentagon road network, including present-day State Route 27 and part of the Shirley Highway. The Joint Chiefs of Staff ( JCS) is a group comprising the Chiefs of service of each major branch of the Armed services in the United States armed forces The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government The Pentagon road network is a system of Highways mostly Freeways built by the United States federal government in the early 1940s to serve State Route 27 is a Freeway in Arlington County Virginia, United States, and is the portion of Washington Boulevard east and south of U The Henry G Shirley Memorial Highway was the first limited access freeway in the U

The Pentagon is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington, Virginia. Headquarters (HQ denotes the location where most if not all of the important functions of an organization are concentrated The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state As a symbol of the U.S. military, "the Pentagon" is often used metonymically to refer to the Department of Defense rather than the building itself. The musical instrument is spelled Cymbal. A symbol is something --- such as an object, Picture, written word a sound a piece The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States In Rhetoric, metonymy (mɨˈtɒnɨmi is the use of a word for a concept or object associated with the concept/object originally denoted by the word The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government In Architecture, Construction, Engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following Any man-made

Designed by the Swedish American architect George Bergstrom (1876 – 1955), and built by Philadelphia, Pennsylvania general contractor John McShain, the building was dedicated on January 15, 1943 after ground was broken for construction on September 11, 1941. Swedish Americans are Americans of Swedish descent most often related to the large groups of immigrants from Sweden in the late nineteenth century and early An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction George Edwin Bergstrom (1876 - 1955 also known as Ed Bergstrom, was an American Architect who designed The Pentagon. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern A general contractor is a group or individual that Contracts with another organization or individual (the owner for the Construction or Renovation John McShain ( December 21 1898 - September 9 1989) was a highy successful American building contractor Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the fields of Architecture and Civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the Building or assembling of Infrastructure Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. General Brehon Somervell provided the major motive power behind the project[1]; Colonel Leslie Groves (whose administrative ability, drive and forcefulness led to his nomination to head the Manhattan Project in 1942) and major Clarence Renshaw were responsible for overseeing the project for the Army. Brehon Burke Somervell ( May 9, 1892 — February 13, 1955) was a General in the United States Army and Commanding General Lieutenant General Leslie Richard Groves ( August 17, 1896 &ndash July 13, 1970) was a United States Army Engineer The World War II Manhattan Project developed the first Nuclear weapon (atomic bomb

The Pentagon is one of the world's largest office buildings. [2] It houses approximately 23,000 military and civilian employees[2]and about 3,000 non-defense support personnel. A civilian under International humanitarian law is a person who is not a member of his or her Country 's Armed forces. It has five sides, five floors above ground (plus two basement levels), and five ring corridors per floor with a total of 17. 5 miles (28. 2 km)[2] of corridors.

The central plaza in the Pentagon is five acres (20,000 m²). The open space in the center is informally known as "ground zero", a nickname originating during the Cold War and based on the presumption that the Soviet Union would target one or more nuclear missiles at this central location. The term Ground Zero may be used to describe the point on the earth's surface where an explosion occurs Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 At the center of this plaza was once the "Ground Zero Cafe", a snack bar. [3]

Just south of the Pentagon are Pentagon City and Crystal City, extensive shopping and high-density residential districts in Arlington. Arlington National Cemetery is to the north. Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington Virginia, is a military cemetery in the United States, established during the American Civil War The Washington Metro Pentagon station is also located at the Pentagon, on the Blue and Yellow Lines. Pentagon is a Washington Metro station in Arlington, Virginia on the Blue and Yellow Lines It is a transfer station The Blue Line of the Washington Metro consists of 27 Rapid transit stations from Franconia-Springfield to Largo Town Center. The Yellow Line of the Washington Metro consists of twelve Rapid transit stations from Huntington to Mt Vernon Sq/7th St-Convention The Pentagon is surrounded by the complex Pentagon road network. The Pentagon road network is a system of Highways mostly Freeways built by the United States federal government in the early 1940s to serve [4]

Contents

History

Construction

Northwest exposure of the Pentagon's construction underway, July 1, 1942.
Northwest exposure of the Pentagon's construction underway, July 1, 1942. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Prior to the construction of the Pentagon, the War Department was housed in a series of "temporary" buildings erected during World War I which nearly covered the National Mall. The United States Department of War, sometimes also called the War Office, was the department of the United States government 's executive branch World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The National Mall is an open-area National park in Downtown Washington D Ground was broken for the Pentagon on September 11, 1941, with construction completed in approximately sixteen months at a cost of $83 million. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A minimal amount of steel was used in construction, which was in short supply during World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including 680,000 tons of sand, dredged from the Potomac River, was used in the reinforced concrete structure. The Potomac River flows into the Chesapeake Bay, located along the mid- Atlantic coast of the United States. Concrete is a construction material composed of Cement (commonly Portland cement) as well as other cementitious materials such as Fly ash and Slag [5]

"Temporary" buildings in 1943; they were not torn down until 1970.
"Temporary" buildings in 1943; they were not torn down until 1970.

Its unusual shape results from the fact that its originally intended site, Arlington Farms, fronted on Arlington Ridge Road and the Arlington Memorial Bridge approach, which intersected at an angle of approximately 108 degrees (the angle of a regular pentagon). Regular pentagons The term pentagon is commonly used to mean a regular convex pentagon, where all sides are equal and all interior angles are equal (to [6] President Franklin D. Roosevelt had it constructed at its current location because he didn't want the new building to obstruct the view of Washington, D.C. from Arlington Cemetery,[7] but the building retained its pentagonal shape because a major redesign at that stage would have been costly and because Roosevelt liked the design. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington Virginia, is a military cemetery in the United States, established during the American Civil War Freed of the constraints of the asymmetric Arlington Farms site, however, it was modified into a regular pentagon. [8]

Renovation

Main article: Pentagon Renovation Program

As originally built, most Pentagon office space consisted of open bays which spanned an entire ring. The Pentagon Renovation Program or PENREN is a long-term project by the United States Department of Defense to perform a complete slab-to-slab renovation of The These offices used cross-ventilation from operable windows instead of air conditioning for cooling. Ventilation is the intentional movement of Air from outside a building to the inside Gradually, bays were subdivided into private offices with many using window air conditioning units. An air conditioner is an Appliance, System, or mechanism designed to extract Heat from an area via a Refrigeration cycle

Since 1998, the Pentagon has been undergoing a major renovation, known as the Pentagon Renovation Program. The Pentagon Renovation Program or PENREN is a long-term project by the United States Department of Defense to perform a complete slab-to-slab renovation of The This program, scheduled to be completed in 2010, involves the complete gutting and reconstruction of the entire building in phases to bring the building up to modern standards, removing asbestos, improving security and providing greater efficiency for Pentagon tenants. Recently, the process of sealing all of the building's windows began.

The new space will include a return to open office bays, with a new Universal Space Plan of standardized office furniture and partitions developed by Studios Architecture. STUDIOS Architecture is an international Architecture and Interior design firm founded in 1985 [9]

In the center courtyard a refreshment stand called the "Ground Zero Cafe", is being replaced with a more modern restaurant.

Protests

Military police keep back Vietnam War protesters during their sit-in on October 21, 1967, at the mall entrance to the Pentagon.
Military police keep back Vietnam War protesters during their sit-in on October 21, 1967, at the mall entrance to the Pentagon. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar.

During the late 1960s the Pentagon became a focus for protests against the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia In one of the better known incidents, on October 21, 1967, some 35,000 anti-war protesters organized by the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, gathered for a demonstration at the Defense Department (the "March on the Pentagon"), where they were confronted by some 2,500 armed soldiers. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam was a relatively short-lived coalition of antiwar activists formed in 1967 to organize large demonstrations in opposition Abbie Hoffman satirically declared the group's intention of levitating the Pentagon 300 feet (90 m) by means of meditation, wobbling it once in mid-air in order to exorcise evil spirits. Abbot Howard "Abbie" Hoffman (November 30 1936 &ndash April 12 1989 was a radical social and political activist in the United States who co-founded the

On May 19, 1972, the American radicals known as the Weather Underground Organization successfully planted and exploded a bomb in a Pentagon restroom in retaliation for the Nixon administration's bombing attacks on Hanoi during the final stages of the Vietnam War. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Weatherman, known colloquially as the Weathermen and later the Weather Underground Organization, was an American Radical left organization Hanoi ( Vietnamese: Hà Nội Hán Tự: 河[[wikt 内|内]], estimated population 3398889 (2007, is the Capital of Vietnam The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia

On March 17, 2007, an estimated 4,000 to 15,000 protested the Iraq War. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign [10] The protesters marched from the Lincoln Memorial, down Route 27 to the Pentagon’s north parking lot. The Lincoln Memorial is a United States Presidential memorial built to honor the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. State Route 27 is a Freeway in Arlington County Virginia, United States, and is the portion of Washington Boulevard east and south of U Estimates of actual protestors varies significantly because the march area is in the area of the National Mall, the Lincoln Memorial, and Arlington; and a high number of tourists curiously attracted to the march may have been included in the tallies.

September 11, 2001

Main article: American Airlines Flight 77
A security camera image of the moment that American Airlines Flight 77 hit the Pentagon.
A security camera image of the moment that American Airlines Flight 77 hit the Pentagon. American Airlines Flight 77 was the third flight hijacked as part of the September 11 attacks, and it was deliberately crashed into the Pentagon. [11]
Picture of the Pentagon before part of the outer wall collapsed on 9/11.
Picture of the Pentagon before part of the outer wall collapsed on 9/11.
The damaged section of the Pentagon in October 2001.
The damaged section of the Pentagon in October 2001.
Pentagon lit up for 9/11 anniversary.
Pentagon lit up for 9/11 anniversary.

"Exactly 60 years to the day after the groundbreaking ceremony, the September 11, 2001 attacks occurred. American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the west side of the Pentagon after being hijacked, killing all aboard as well as over a hundred people within the Pentagon. American Airlines Flight 77 was the third flight hijacked as part of the September 11 attacks, and it was deliberately crashed into the Pentagon. The flight penetrated three of the five rings of the Pentagon. Because the affected area was under renovation at the time, several offices were unoccupied, sparing many lives. The aircraft struck on the edge between two sections—one of which had just finished being upgraded.
Contractors involved in the Pentagon Renovation Program were also charged with the task of rebuilding the damaged section of the Pentagon following the attacks. A general contractor is a group or individual that Contracts with another organization or individual (the owner for the Construction or Renovation This additional project was named the "Phoenix Project", with the goal of having the outermost offices in the damaged section occupied again by September 11, 2002. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. [12][13] Part of the pre-attack renovation had involved adding improved security features, including walls and windows with greater blast resistance. An explosion is a sudden increase in Volume and release of Energy in an extreme manner usually with the generation of high Temperatures and the release An initial analysis suggested that the section's improvements had saved lives, enabling more people to evacuate. Repairs included demolition of the damaged areas, complete rebuilding of the area that had previously been renovated, and reconstruction of the shell of the unrenovated section. The first Pentagon tenants whose offices were damaged in the attack began moving back in on August 15, 2002, nearly a month ahead of schedule. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
The repairs cost the Department of Defense about $500,000,000. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Before the September 11, 2001 attacks, an escalator ran from the Metro station to the Pentagon lobby. An escalator is a Conveyor transport device for transporting people consisting of individual linked steps that move up or down on tracks which keep the treads After the attack this escalator was blocked off and later removed as part of the Pentagon Renovation Program. The Pentagon Renovation Program or PENREN is a long-term project by the United States Department of Defense to perform a complete slab-to-slab renovation of The "[14]

Pentagon Memorial

Main article: Pentagon Memorial

A memorial is being constructed at The Pentagon in memory of those who died at The Pentagon and on American Airlines Flight 77. The Pentagon Memorial, located just southwest of The Pentagon in Arlington Virginia, is a permanent outdoor memorial to the 184 people killed in the building and American Airlines Flight 77 was the third flight hijacked as part of the September 11 attacks, and it was deliberately crashed into the Pentagon. [15][16] Construction of the memorial is scheduled for completion by September 2008. [17] For the 5th anniversary of the September 11, 2001 attacks, a memorial of 184 beams of light shone up from the center courtyard of the Pentagon, one light for every victim of the attack.

Navigating the building

There is a concourse on the southeast side of the second floor of the building. It contains a mini-shopping mall. Located near the Metro bus and rail stations, this is the main entrance for visitors.

Floors in The Pentagon are lettered "B" for Basement and "M" for Mezzanine, both of which are below ground level. In Architecture, a mezzanine or entresol is an intermediate Floor between main floors of a Building, and therefore typically not counted The concourse is located on the second floor at the metro entrance. Above ground floors are numbered 1 to 5.

The concentric rings are designated from the center out as "A" through "E" (with addition "F" and "G" in the basement). "E" Ring offices are the only ones with outside views and are generally occupied by senior officials.

Office numbers go clockwise around each of the rings, and have two parts: a nearest-corridor number (1 to 10) followed by a bay number (00 to 99), so office numbers range from 100 to 1099. These corridors radiate out from the central courtyard, with corridor 1 beginning with the Concourse's south end. Each numbered radial corridor intersects with the corresponding numbered group of offices (for example, corridor 5 divides the 500 series office block). . .

Room numbers are given as the floor, concentric ring, and office number (which is in turn the nearest corridor number followed by the bay number). Thus, office 2B315 is on the second floor, B ring, and nearest to corridor 3 (between corridors 2 and 3). One way to get to this office would be to go to the second floor, get to the A (innermost) ring, go to and take corridor 3, and then turn left on ring B to get to bay 15. [18]

Protection and security

The Pentagon Force Protection Agency is a United States government agency comprising both sworn Federal Police Officers, the United States Pentagon Police and civilian CBRN technicians, as well as non-sworn civilian anti-terrorism investigative and physical security personnel, and is responsible for the protection of the Pentagon, headquarters of the United States Department of Defense (DoD). The Pentagon Force Protection Agency (PFPA is a United States Government agency staffed by sworn Federal police officers (United States Pentagon Police, civilian Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force The US Pentagon Police is the federal police force of the Secretary of Defense. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion Security is the condition of being protected against danger loss and criminals In response to the terrorist attack against the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, the DoD established the new agency, which absorbed the Defense Protective Service (DPS), and assumed its role of providing basic law enforcement and security for the Pentagon and DoD interests in the National Capitol Region (NCR).

PFPA expanded that mission to provide force protection against the full spectrum of potential threats through robust prevention, preparedness, detection, and response measures. Preparedness refers to the state of being prepared for specific or unpredictable events or situations In general detection is the extraction of information from any clear or clouded ambient or otherwise accessible stream of information without neither support from the sender nor synchronization The agency provides those services to the 280 acre (1. 1 km²) "Pentagon Reservation" as well as numerous other Department of Defense activities and facilities within the NCR. The United States Pentagon Police is the primary federal law enforcement arm of the Pentagon Force Protection Agency.

Services

The Pentagon has many of its own fast food operations, including Subway, McDonald's, Dunkin' Donuts, Panda Express, Starbucks, Sbarro, among others. Subway Restaurants, commonly known as Subway, is a Fast food restaurant franchise that primarily sells Sandwiches and Salads called Dunkin' Donuts is an international donut and Coffee retailer founded in 1950 in Quincy, Massachusetts, U Panda Express is a fast casual Restaurant chain serving Americanized Chinese cuisine. Starbucks Corporation ( is an international Coffee and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle Washington. This page describes the American fast food chain For the Swiss automobile producer see Sbarro (automobile. [19] A multibranded KFC, Pizza Hut, and Taco Bell restaurant opened in 2003, when renovations to the food court were completed. Yum! Brands Inc ( or Yum! is a Fortune 500 Corporation, that operates or licenses Taco Bell, KFC, Pizza Hut, and Kentucky Fried Chicken, usually known as KFC, is a chain of Fast food restaurants based in Louisville Kentucky. Taco Bell Corp, a subsidiary of Yum! Brands Inc, is a restaurant chain based in Irvine California specializing in Tex-Mex -inspired [20] Food services are managed by the Navy Exchange. Base Exchange (BX also referred to as a Post Exchange (PX on Army installations and Navy Exchange (NEX on Navy installations are shops The Center Courtyard Cafe is reopening in Spring 2008, [21] replacing the "Ground Zero Cafe" snack bar that was previously there. [3]

The Pentagon Athletic Center (PAC), a fitness center for military and civilian staff, opened in 2004[22] adjacent to the north side of the Pentagon, replacing the Pentagon Officers Athletic Club (POAC) which had operated for 55 years in a structure between Route 110 and the parade grounds. A health club, also called fitness club, is a place which houses exercise equipment for the purpose of physical exercise

Each year, the Pentagon grounds are a major focus for hosting the Marine Corps Marathon and the Army Ten-Miler running events. The Marine Corps Marathon (MCM affectionately known as "The People's Marathon," is run in Arlington Virginia, and Washington D Army Ten-Miler is America's largest ten-mile race held every October in Washington DC and sponsored by the U

Tours

There are a number of historical displays in the building, particularly in the "A" and "E" rings. In 1976, the Pentagon began offering guided tours to the general public, as part of the American Bicentennial. The United States Bicentennial was celebrated on Sunday July 4, 1976, the 200th Anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence [23] Tours for the general public were suspended after the September 11, 2001 attacks, and are now only available on a pre-arranged basis to veterans and other groups. A veteran (from Latin vetus, meaning "old" is a person who has or is working in the armed forces

Pentagon in popular culture

Abbie Hoffman's comment about levitating the building during the October 21, 1967 demonstration became the basis for the plot element in the metafictional novel Illuminatus! by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson that the soldiers prevented the levitation because it also would have exorcised the Lovecraftian Outer God Yog-Sothoth, deliberately entrapped within the Pentagon by the Illuminati. Levitation (from Latin levitas "lightness" is the process by which an object is suspended against Gravity, in a stable position Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Metafiction is a literary term for a type of Fiction that systematically and self-consciously addresses the devices of fiction including the relationship between fiction and The Illuminatus! Trilogy is a series of three novels written by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson purportedly between 1969 and 1971 Robert Joseph Shea ( February 14, 1933 - March 10, 1994) was a magazine editor columnist and novelist Robert Anton Wilson or RAW (born Robert Edward Wilson, January 18, 1932 &ndash January 11, 2007) was an American Exorcism (from Late Latin exorcismus, from Greek exorkizein - to adjure is the practice of evicting Demons or other evil Howard Phillips Lovecraft ( August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American author of horror, fantasy The term Outer God is used to describe a number of Deities in the Cthulhu Mythos of H Yog-Sothoth ( The Lurker at the Threshold, The Key and the Gate, The Beyond One, Opener of the Way, The All-in-One and the One-in-All "Illuminata" redirects here For the 1998 John Turturro film see Illuminata (film. [1]

Facts and figures

The Pentagon, 431m (light blue), compared with RMS Queen Mary 2, 345m (pink), USS Enterprise, 342m (yellow), the Hindenburg, 245m (green), Yamato, 263m (dark blue), the Empire State Building, 443m (grey) and the Knock Nevis supertanker, 458m (red)
The Pentagon, 431m (light blue), compared with RMS Queen Mary 2, 345m (pink), USS Enterprise, 342m (yellow), the Hindenburg, 245m (green), Yamato, 263m (dark blue), the Empire State Building, 443m (grey) and the Knock Nevis supertanker, 458m (red)

Land

Parking

Main building

Numbers

Zip codes

The Pentagon, south parking lot side.
The Pentagon, south parking lot side. The Pentagon Force Protection Agency (PFPA is a United States Government agency staffed by sworn Federal police officers (United States Pentagon Police, civilian The US Pentagon Police is the federal police force of the Secretary of Defense. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The ZIP code is the system of Postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS The United States Secretary of Defense ( SECDEF) is the head of the U The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. The Joint Chiefs of Staff ( JCS) is a group comprising the Chiefs of service of each major branch of the Armed services in the United States armed forces

References

  1. ^ Steve Vogel, The Pentagon: a History (2007).
  2. ^ a b c The Pentagon, Facts & Figures (accessed January 19, 2008)
  3. ^ a b Hoffman, Lisa. "The 'Ground Zero Cafe' bites the dust", Capitol Hill Blue, 29 September 2006. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-01-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.  
  4. ^ Mixing Bowl Interchange Complex. roadstothefuture. com. Retrieved on 2006-11-22. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran
  5. ^ McGrath, Amanda. "How The Pentagon Got Its Shape (Gallery)", The Washington Post, May 26, 2007.  
  6. ^ Bureau of Public Roads memorandum, October 25, 1960.
  7. ^ General Information. Retrieved on December 4, 2005.
  8. ^ Vogel, Steve. "How the Pentagon Got Its Shape", Washington Post, May 27, 2007, pp.  W16. Retrieved on 2007-05-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place  
  9. ^ Renovation of the Pentagon. Retrieved October 7, 2006.
  10. ^ "4 Years After Start of War, Anger Reigns", Washington Post, 2007-03-17 page A1
  11. ^ Flight 77, Video 2. Judicial Watch.
  12. ^ Pentagon Renovation Program. Retrieved on December 4, 2005.
  13. ^ Americas: Pentagon staff reclaim destroyed offices. BBC News. Retrieved on December 4, 2005.
  14. ^ Pentagon History - September 11, 2001
  15. ^ Pentagon Memorial Web Site.
  16. ^ Official Press release at the United States Department of Defense.
  17. ^ Dwyer, Timothy. "For Pentagon Memorial, the Power of Touch", The Washington Post, February 1, 2007.  
  18. ^ How to Find a Room in the Pentagon. Headquarters, Dept. of the Army. Retrieved on September 13, 2007.
  19. ^ Concessions - The Pentagon. Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs. Retrieved on 2008-03-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
  20. ^ "Pentagon Gets New KFC/Pizza Hut/Taco Bell Multibranded Restaurant", AllBusiness, August 13, 2003.  
  21. ^ "Center Courtyard Cafe", Pentagon Renovator Newsletter, February 2008.  
  22. ^ Pentagon Renovation Program
  23. ^ Stewart, Stephen. "Penetrating the Pentagon", The New York Times, 1982 April 18, pp.  Section 10, page 39.  

External links

Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.
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