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For other uses, see The Observer (disambiguation).
The Observer
Type Weekly newspaper
Format Berliner (ex-Broadsheet)
Owner Guardian Media Group
Editor John Mulholland
Founded 1791
Political allegiance Centre Left
Price GBP 1. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Berliner, or " midi " is a Newspaper format with pages normally measuring about 470 mm × 315 mm (18½  in × 12 Broadsheet is the largest of the various Newspaper formats and is characterized by long vertical pages (typically 22 inches or more Not to be confused with the Guardian Enterprise Group, an American media company (see. The centre-left (or center-left) is a political term commonly used to describe or denote individuals political parties or organizations (such as Think The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency 90
Headquarters Farringdon, London
Circulation 454,374[1]
Website: observer.guardian.co.uk

The Observer is a British newspaper published on Sundays. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. This is a list of the daily Newspapers in the World by average circulation The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Overall slightly to the right of its daily sister paper The Guardian, it takes a liberal/social democratic line on most issues. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left

Contents

History

The first issue, published on 4 December 1791 by W. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common S. Bourne, was the world's first Sunday newspaper.

Faced with debts of nearly £1,600 Bourne attempted to sell The Observer to anti-government based groups in London. When this failed Bourne's brother (a wealthy businessman) made an offer to the government, which also refused to buy the paper – but it agreed to subsidise The Observer in return for influence over its editorial content.

William Innell Clement bought The Observer in 1814 to add to the number of newspapers he already owned. Clement defied an 1820 court order against publishing details of the trial of the Cato Street Conspirators who were alleged to have plotted to murder members of the Cabinet. The Cato Street Conspiracy was an attempt to murder all the British cabinet ministers and Prime Minister Lord Liverpool in 1820 Clement's editor, Lewis Doxat, went big with the story, using wood cut illustrations to promote it.

In 1857 Doxat retired and Joseph Snowe took over the editor's chair. Under Snowe, the paper's circulation declined rapidly, partly as a result of its siding with the North during the American Civil War between 1861 and 1865. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South [2]

In 1870 wealthy businessman Julius Beer bought the paper and appointed Edward Dicey as editor, replacing him in 1889 with Henry Duff Traill. When Beer died in 1891, the paper passed to his son Frederick, whose wife Rachel became editor between 1891 and 1904 also edited The Sunday Times, which she had bought in 1893. The Sunday Times is a Sunday Broadsheet Newspaper distributed in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. [3]

In 1911, William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount Astor (1848-1919) purchased The Observer from the Harmsworth family. William Waldorf Astor 1st Viscount Astor ( March 31, 1848 &ndash October 18, 1919) was a Financier and Statesman Alfred Charles William Harmsworth 1st Viscount Northcliffe ( 15 July[[ 865]] - 14 August[[ 922]] rose from childhood poverty to become a powerful British newspaper It remained a Tory paper, as it had always been, until 1942, with the end of the 34-year editorship of J. L. Garvin. In the political tradition of some English-speaking countries, the term Tory has referred to a variety of political parties and Creeds since it was For the basketball player see James Garvin (basketball James Louis Garvin ( 12 April 1868 - 23 January 1947) was Garvin had written in a 1919 leading article that the Treaty of Versailles, which followed the end of World War I 'left the Germans "no real hope except in revenge"'. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All [2] After his time, the paper declared itself non-partisan, an unusual stance for the time.

Ownership passed to the 2nd Viscount, Waldorf Astor, who in turn passed it on in 1948 to his sons, one of whom, David Astor (1912-2001), would be the paper's editor for 27 years. Waldorf Astor 2nd Viscount Astor ( 19 May 1879 &ndash 30 September 1952) was a businessman and politician and a member of the prominent Francis David Langhorne Astor CH ( March 5, 1912, London &ndash December 7, 2001, London) was a Newspaper David Astor turned the paper into a trust-owned newspaper employing, among others, George Orwell; other journalists strongly associated with it included Paul Jennings and C. A. Lejeune. Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950 who used the Pseudonym George Orwell, was an English writer Paul Francis Jennings ( June 20, 1918 - December 26, 1989) was a British humorist Caroline Alice (C A Lejeune (1897-1973 was a British writer best known as the Film critic of The Observer from 1928 to 1960 Under Astor's editorship the Observer became the first national newspaper to oppose the government's 1956 invasion of Suez, a move which cost it many readers. In 1977, the Astors sold the ailing newspaper to US oil giant Atlantic Richfield (now called ARCO) who sold it to Lonrho plc in 1981. ARCO (an Acronym for Atlantic Richfield Company) is an Oil company which is since 2000 a subsidiary Lonmin plc () formerly Lonrho plc, is a producer of Platinum group metals operating in the Bushveld Complex of South Africa. Since June 1993, it has been part of the Guardian Media Group. Not to be confused with the Guardian Enterprise Group, an American media company (see.

In 1990 Farzad Bazoft, a journalist for the Observer, was executed in Iraq on charges of spying, which are disputed by many. Farzad Bazoft ( May 22, 1958 – March 15, 1990) was an Iranian born Journalist who settled in the United Kingdom For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. [4]

On 27 February 2005 The Observer Blog[5] was launched, making The Observer the first newspaper to purposely document its own internal decisions, as well as the first newspaper to podcast. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A podcast is a series of audio or Video digital-media files which is distributed over the Internet by syndicated Download The paper's regular columnists include Andrew Rawnsley and Nick Cohen. Andrew Nicholas James Rawnsley (born January 5, 1962) is a British political journalist and broadcaster Nick Cohen is a British journalist author and political commentator

Each issue comes with a different free monthly magazine focusing, in rotation, on Sport, Music, Women and Food. These magazines have the titles Observer Sport Monthly, Observer Music Monthly, Observer Woman and Observer Food Monthly. In addition to the rotating magazines there is the Observer Magazine which is present every Sunday.

Content from The Observer is included in the Guardian Weekly for an international readership, and articles from the magazines combine with Guardian magazine articles in the Guardian Monthly magazine. The Guardian Weekly is a weekly Newspaper published by the Guardian Media Group, and is one of the world's oldest international newspapers Guardian Monthly is a glossy magazine published by Guardian Media Group for readers around the world The Observer is also linked to personal finance and investment magazine Money Observer, which originally started as a supplement in The Observer before launching as a stand alone magazine in 1979. Money Observer is a monthly personal finance and investment magazine published by Moneywise Publishing Ltd.

The Observer followed its daily partner The Guardian and converted to 'Berliner' format on Sunday 8 January 2006[6],[7]

The last broadsheet issue of The Observer, 2006-01-01, with a preview of the Berliner format
The last broadsheet issue of The Observer, 2006-01-01, with a preview of the Berliner format
The first Berliner-format issue of The Observer, 2006-01-08
The first Berliner-format issue of The Observer, 2006-01-08

The Observer was National Newspaper of the Year at the British Press Awards 2007

Whitehall Editor Jo Revill had, as Health Editor, been named Medical Journalist of the Year in 2000 and 2006 by two different organisations, when she was Health Editor. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Berliner, or " midi " is a Newspaper format with pages normally measuring about 470 mm × 315 mm (18½  in × 12 Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The British Press Awards is an annual ceremony that celebrates the best of British Journalism.

On October 24th 2007 it was announced that editor Roger Alton was stepping down at the end of the year to be replaced by his deputy, John Mulholland. [8]

Recently there has been a well publicised feud between the Observer and the Guardian, due to the latter taking an editorial line against the 2003 invasion of Iraq, while the Observer has largely been in favour of the invasion, taking the view that spreading liberal democracy is a 'left-liberal' cause.

The Newsroom

The Observer and its sister newspaper The Guardian operate a visitor centre in London called The Newsroom. It contains their archives, including bound copies of old editions, a photographic library and other items such as diaries, letters and notebooks. This material may be consulted by members of the public. The Newsroom also mounts temporary exhibitions and runs an educational program for schools.

In November 2007 The Observer and The Guardian made their archives available over the internet via DigitalArchive. The current extent of the archives available are 1900 to 1975 for The Observer and 1821 to 1975 for The Guardian. However, these archives are to be expanded in the future.

Editors

Bibliography

See also

References

  1. ^ ABC Circulation Figures. Anthony Michell Howard (born 12 February 1934) is a prominent British journalist broadcaster and writer The Cambridge Apostles, also known as the Cambridge Conversazione Society, is an elite intellectual Secret society at the University of Cambridge founded The John Smith Memorial Mace (known between 1954 and 1995 as the Observer Mace) is the foremost student debating competition in the Islands of the Audit Bureau of Circulation. Retrieved on 2008-01-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France.
  2. ^ a b Observer text timeline
  3. ^ A brief history of The Observer
  4. ^ Iraqi colonel admits Bazoft not a spy, accessed April 4, 2007
  5. ^ Observer blog, accessed February 27, 2007
  6. ^ Observer announces relaunch date, accessed February 27, 2007
  7. ^ The archive - summary of holdings, accessed February 27, 2007
  8. ^ Stephen Brook. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "Mulholland reshapes Observer team", The Guardian, 3 January 2008. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Retrieved on 2008-02-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori  
  9. ^ First published by Andre Deutsch (London) in 1990 with an ISBN 0 233 98735 5

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