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This article is about the 1999 film. For the franchise, see The Matrix (series). For other uses of the term matrix, see Matrix.
The Matrix
Directed by The Wachowski brothers
Produced by Joel Silver
Written by The Wachowski Brothers
Starring Keanu Reeves
Laurence Fishburne
Carrie-Anne Moss
Hugo Weaving
Joe Pantoliano
Gloria Foster
Music by Don Davis
Cinematography Bill Pope
Editing by Zach Staenberg
Distributed by Warner Bros., Village Roadshow Pictures
Release date(s) United States:
Canada:
March 31, 1999
Australia:
April 9, 1999
United Kingdom:
June 11, 1999
Running time 136 min. Biography Andy and Larry Wachowski were born to a Polish-American family in Chicago. Joel Silver (born July 14, 1952) is an American Hollywood Film producer and inventor of the sport of Ultimate. Keanu Charles Reeves (kiːˈɑːnuː born September 2, 1964) is a Canadian Actor. Laurence John Fishburne III (born July 30, 1961) is an American award-winning Actor of screen and stage, as well as Carrie-Anne Moss (born 21 August 1967 is a Screen Actors Guild Award -nominated Canadian actress known for her roles in Memento, Hugo Wallace Weaving (born 4 April 1960 is a Nigerian-born English, although naturalised Australian film stage and voice actor best known for films such as Joseph Peter "Joe" Pantoliano (born September 12 1951) is an American film and television actor Gloria Foster ( November 15, 1933 &ndash September 29, 2001) was an American actress. Donald Romain Davis (born February 4, 1957) is an American Film score Composer, conductor, and orchestrator William Homer Pope, ASC (born June 19 1952) is an award winning American Cinematographer, best known for his work on Sam Raimi's Zach Staenberg (born 1954 is a Film editor best known for the ''Matrix Trilogy''. Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and Village Roadshow Pictures is an Australian Motion picture production company The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar)
Country United States
Australia
Language English
Budget $63,000,000
Gross revenue $460,379,930
Followed by The Matrix Reloaded
Allmovie profile
IMDb profile

The Matrix is a 1999 science fiction action film written and directed by Larry and Andy Wachowski and starring Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Joe Pantoliano, and Hugo Weaving. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Matrix Reloaded is a 2003 Film, the second installment in ''The Matrix'' trilogy, written and directed by the Wachowski Brothers Science fiction Film is a Film genre that uses speculative, Science -based depictions of imaginary phenomena such as extra-terrestrial Action movies are a Film genre where action sequences such as fights, Shootouts Stunts Car chases or explosions either take precedence Biography Andy and Larry Wachowski were born to a Polish-American family in Chicago. Keanu Charles Reeves (kiːˈɑːnuː born September 2, 1964) is a Canadian Actor. Laurence John Fishburne III (born July 30, 1961) is an American award-winning Actor of screen and stage, as well as Carrie-Anne Moss (born 21 August 1967 is a Screen Actors Guild Award -nominated Canadian actress known for her roles in Memento, Joseph Peter "Joe" Pantoliano (born September 12 1951) is an American film and television actor Hugo Wallace Weaving (born 4 April 1960 is a Nigerian-born English, although naturalised Australian film stage and voice actor best known for films such as It was first released in the USA on March 31, 1999, and is the first entry in The Matrix series of films, comics, video games and animation. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Comics (via Latin from the Greek "" kōmikos, of or pertaining to "comedy" from kōmos "revel" A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. The bouncing ball animation (below consists of these 6 frames The film received four Academy Awards in the technical categories. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film.

The film describes a future in which reality perceived by humans is actually the Matrix, a simulated reality created by sentient machines in order to pacify and subdue the human population while their bodies' heat and electrical activity are used as an energy source. Reality, in everyday usage means "the state of things as they actually exist" The Matrix is the Simulated reality that is the main setting of ''The Matrix'' series of Science fiction Films Comic books and Simulated reality is the proposition that Reality could be simulated—perhaps by Computer simulation —to a degree indistinguishable from "true" Reality Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus Upon learning this, computer programmer "Neo" is drawn into a rebellion against the machines. Thomas A "Tom" Anderson (alias Neo) is a Fictional character in The Matrix, The Matrix Reloaded, and The film contains numerous references to the cyberpunk and hacker subcultures; philosophical and religious ideas; and homages to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Hong Kong action movies, Spaghetti Westerns and Japanese animation. Cyberpunk is a Science fiction genre noted for its focus on " High tech and low life. In Computing, hacker has several meanings A community of enthusiast Computer programmers and Systems designers originated in the 1960s Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos For medieval usage see Homage (medieval and Commendation ceremony, or Homage (disambiguation Homage (from the French Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865 is a novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson better known under the Pseudonym Lewis Hong Kong action cinema is the reason why Hong Kong film industry 's is so well known Spaghetti Western, also known in some countries in mainland Europe as the Italo-Western, is a nickname for a broad sub-genre of Western (anime in Japanese,

Contents

Plot

Computer programmer Thomas A. Anderson leads a secret life as a hacker under the alias "Neo. Thomas A "Tom" Anderson (alias Neo) is a Fictional character in The Matrix, The Matrix Reloaded, and " He wishes to learn the answer to the question: "What is the Matrix?" Cryptic messages appearing on his computer monitor and an encounter with several sinister agents leads him to a group led by the mysterious Morpheus, a man who offers him the chance to learn the truth about the Matrix. Morpheus is the name of a Fictional character (played by Laurence Fishburne) in the Science fiction films The Matrix, Neo accepts by swallowing an offered red pill, and abruptly wakes up naked in a red liquid-filled pod, his body connected by wires to a vast mechanical tower covered with identical pods. The connections are severed and he tumbles down a tunnel but is then rescued by Morpheus and taken aboard his hovercraft, the Nebuchadnezzar. This article is about the 'hovercraft' ships shown in the fictional universe of the Matrix series Neo's neglected physical body is restored, and Morpheus explains the situation.

The year is estimated to be around 2199, and humanity is fighting a war against intelligent machines created in the early 21st century. The sky is covered in thick black clouds created by the humans in an attempt to cut off the machines' supply of solar power. Solar energy is the Light and radiant heat from the Sun that powers Earth 's Climate and Weather and sustains Life The machines responded by using human beings as their energy source, growing countless people in pods and harvesting their bioelectrical energy and body heat. The world which Neo has inhabited since birth is the Matrix, an illusory simulated reality construct of the world of 1999, developed by the machines to keep the human population docile. The Matrix is the Simulated reality that is the main setting of ''The Matrix'' series of Science fiction Films Comic books and Simulated reality is the proposition that Reality could be simulated—perhaps by Computer simulation —to a degree indistinguishable from "true" Reality Morpheus and his crew are a group of free humans who "unplug" others from the Matrix and recruit them to their resistance against the machines. Within the Matrix they are able to use their understanding of its nature to bend the laws of physics within the simulation, giving them superhuman abilities. Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. A superhuman is an entity with intelligence or abilities exceeding normal human standards Morpheus believes that Neo is "the One", a man prophesied to end the war through his limitless control over the Matrix.

Neo is trained to become a member of the group. A socket in the back of Neo's skull, formerly used to connect him to the Matrix, allows knowledge to be uploaded directly into his mind. He learns numerous martial arts disciplines, and demonstrates his kung fu skills by sparring with Morpheus in a virtual reality "construct" environment similar to the Matrix, impressing the crew with his speed. Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for Combat. Kung fu and wushu are popular terms that have become synonymous with Chinese Martial arts. Virtual reality ( VR) is a technology which allows a user to interact with a Computer-simulated environment be it a real or imagined one Further training introduces Neo to the key dangers in the Matrix itself. Injuries suffered there are reflected in the real world; if he is killed in the Matrix, his physical body will also die. He is warned of the presence of Agents, powerful and fast sentient programs with the ability to take over the virtual body of anyone still connected to the system, whose purpose is to seek out and eliminate any threats to the simulation. Agents are a group of characters in the ''Matrix'' series. They are sentient programs displaying high-level Artificial Intelligence, and are representatives Yet Morpheus predicts that once Neo fully understands his own abilities as "the One" they will be no match for him.

The group enters the Matrix and takes Neo to the apartment of the Oracle, the woman who has predicted the eventual emergence of the One. The Oracle is a Fictional character portrayed by Gloria Foster (and later by Mary Alice) within the She tells Neo that he has "the gift", but that he is waiting for something, perhaps the next life. Neo interprets from this that he is not "the One". She adds that Morpheus believes in Neo so blindly that he will sacrifice his life to save him. Returning to the hacked telephone line which serves as a safe "exit" from the Matrix, the group is ambushed by Agents and SWAT, Morpheus is captured as Neo and the others escape. A telephone line or telephone circuit (or just line or circuit within the Industry) is a single-user circuit on a Telephone The group was betrayed by a member of their crew, Cypher. Many Fictional characters appear in the ''Matrix'' series. This article is intended to be a comprehensive list of all the secondary human characters for the non-human Cypher preferred living his old life in ignorance of the real world's hardships, and made a deal with the Agents to give them Morpheus in exchange for a permanent return to the Matrix. The betrayal leads to the deaths of all crew-members except Neo, Trinity, Tank, and Morpheus, who is imprisoned in a government building within the Matrix. Many Fictional characters appear in the ''Matrix'' series. This article is intended to be a comprehensive list of all the secondary human characters for the non-human The Agents attempt to gain information from him regarding access codes to the mainframe of Zion, the humans’ last refuge which is deep underground. Zion is a fictional Place in The Matrix films It is the last Human City on the Planet Earth after a cataclysmic Neo and Trinity return to the Matrix and storm the building, rescuing their leader. Neo becomes more confident and familiar with manipulating the Matrix, ultimately dodging bullets fired at him by an Agent. Morpheus and Trinity use a subway station telephone to exit the Matrix, but before Neo can leave, he is ambushed by Agent Smith. A metro station is a railway station for a Rapid transit system often known by names such as "metro" "underground" and "subway" Agent Smith (later merely " Smith " is a Fictional character featured in the ''Matrix'' film series and multimedia franchise played by actor He stands his ground and eventually defeats Smith, but flees when the Agent possesses another body.

As Neo runs through the city towards another telephone exit, he is pursued by the Agents while "Sentinel" machines converge on the Nebuchadnezzar's position in the real world. Below is a list composing of all the artificial characters from ''The Matrix'' series of Science fiction Films Comic books and Video games Neo reaches an exit, but he is shot dead by the pursuing Agent Smith. Back onboard the Nebuchadnezzar, in the real world, Trinity whispers to Neo that she was told by the Oracle that she would fall in love with "the One", implying that Neo is "the One". She refuses to accept his death and kisses him. Neo's heart beats again, and within the Matrix he stands up; the Agents shoot at him, but he raises his palm and stops their bullets in mid-air. Neo sees the Matrix as it really is: lines of streaming green code; he finally becomes "the One". Agent Smith makes a final attempt to attack him, but his punches are effortlessly blocked, and Neo destroys him. The other two Agents flee, and Neo returns to the real world just in time for the ship's EMP weapon to destroy the Sentinels that had already breached the hull of the ship. The term electromagnetic pulse ( EMP) has the following meanings Electromagnetic radiation from an Explosion (especially a Nuclear A short epilogue shows Neo back in the Matrix, making a telephone call promising that he will demonstrate to the people imprisoned in the Matrix that "anything is possible. " He hangs up the phone and flies into the sky.

Cast and characters

See also: The Matrix character names
From left to right: Agents Brown, Smith and Jones
From left to right: Agents Brown, Smith and Jones

Production

The Matrix was a co-production of Warner Bros. Studios and Australian Village Roadshow Pictures, and all but a few scenes were filmed at Fox Studios in Sydney, Australia, and in the city itself. Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and Village Roadshow Pictures is an Australian Motion picture production company Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Recognizable landmarks were not included in order to maintain the setting of a generic American city. Nevertheless, the Sydney Harbour Bridge, Anzac bridge, AWA Tower, Martin Place and a Commonwealth Bank branch are visible in some shots. } The Sydney Harbour Bridge is a Steel arch bridge across Sydney Harbour that carries rail vehicular and pedestrian traffic between the Sydney central business The AWA Tower is an office and communications complex in Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia built for Amalgamated Wireless Australasia Martin Place is a pedestrian mall in the Central business district of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia which is one of the most iconic The Commonwealth Bank of Australia ( is the largest bank in Australia. Subtle nods were included to Chicago, Illinois, the home city of the directors, through a subtly placed picture of the Sears Tower, city maps, and place names such as Adams Street Bridge, Wells and Lake, and Wabash and Lake. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The Sears Tower, a Skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, has been the tallest building in North America since 1973 The latter location, where Neo exits the Matrix for the last time before the flying sequence, was incidentally the scene of a 1977 derailment on the Chicago 'L'. The 1977 Chicago Loop derailment occurred on February 4, 1977 at approximately 525PM local time when a Chicago Transit Authority elevated train The 'L' (variously and sometimes, styled "L" El EL or L) is a Rapid transit system that serves the city of

The rooftop set that Trinity uses to escape from Agent Jones early in the film was leftover from the production of Dark City, which has been remarked upon due to the thematic similarities of the films. Dark City is a 1998 science fiction Film noir written by Alex Proyas, Lem Dobbs and David S [1] According to The Art of the Matrix, at least one filmed scene and a variety of short pieces of action were omitted from the final cut, and have (to date) not been published.

The Wachowski Brothers were keen that all involved understood the thematic background of the movie. For example, the book used to conceal disks early in the movie, Simulacra and Simulation by the French Philosopher Jean Baudrillard, was required reading for most of the principal cast and crew. There are many real and fictitious occurrences of concealing objects in a book. Simulacra and Simulation ( Simulacres et Simulation in French) is a philosophical Treatise by Jean Baudrillard Jean Baudrillard ( July 29, 1929   – March 6, 2007) (ʒɑ̃ bo

Casting

Actor Will Smith turned down the role of Neo to make Wild Wild West. Wild Wild West ( 1999) is a Science fiction action-comedy film directed by Barry Sonnenfeld, starring Will Smith, He later stated that, if given the role at that time, he "would have messed it up". [2] Nicolas Cage turned down the role because of "family obligations". Nicolas Cage (born Nicholas Kim Coppola; January 7, 1964) is an Academy Award -winning American actor [3] Janet Jackson turned down a role in the film because of previous obligations to go on tour. Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16 1966 is an American recording artist and entertainer A concert is a live Performance, usually of Music, before an Audience. [4]

Production design

In the film, the code that comprises the Matrix itself is frequently represented as downward-flowing green characters. Matrix digital rain, Matrix code or sometimes green rain, is the computer code prophesied in the This code includes mirror images of half-width kana characters and Western Latin letters and numerals. WikipediaFootnotes for details 1 Assign your footnote a unique name for example The arabic numerals (often capitalized are the ten Digits (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 which—along with the system In one scene, the pattern of trickling rain on a window being cleaned resembles this code. More generally, the film's production design placed a bias towards its distinctive green color for scenes set within the Matrix, whereas there is an emphasis on the color blue during the scenes set in the real world. Production designer is a term used in the movie and Television industries to refer to the person responsible for the overall look of a filmed event such as films In addition, grid-patterns were incorporated into the sets for scenes inside the Matrix, intended to convey the cold, logical, artificial nature of that environment. Set construction is a process by which a set designer works in collaboration with the director of the production to create the set for a theatrical film or television [5]

The "digital rain" is strongly reminiscent of similar computer code in the film Ghost in the Shell, an acknowledged influence on the Matrix series (see below). is a Japanese Cyberpunk Manga created by Masamune Shirow, and first published in 1989 in Young The linking of the color green to computers may have been intended to evoke the green tint of the older monochrome computer monitors. Monochrome comes from the Greek μονόχρωμος ( monochromos) meaning “of one color” which is a combination A visual display unit, often called simply a monitor or display, is a piece of Electrical equipment which displays images generated from the Video

Visual effects

The film is known for developing and popularizing the use of a visual effect known as "bullet time", which allows the viewer to explore a moment progressing in slow-motion as the camera appears to orbit around the scene at normal speed. Bullet time (or bullet-time) is a computer enhanced simulation of variable speed (ie Slow motion is a technique in film-making whereby Time appears to be slowed down

One proposed technique for creating these effects involved accelerating a high-frame-rate motion picture camera along a fixed track at a high speed to capture the action as it occurred. However, this was discarded as unfeasible, as the destruction of the camera in the attempt was all but inevitable. Instead, the method used was a technically expanded version of an old art photography technique known as time-slice photography, in which a large number of cameras are placed around an object and triggered nearly simultaneously. Each camera is a still-picture camera, and not a motion picture camera, and it contributes just one frame to the video sequence. When the sequence of shots is viewed as in a movie, the viewer sees what are in effect two-dimensional "slices" of a three-dimensional moment. Watching such a "time slice" movie is akin to the real-life experience of walking around a statue to see how it looks from different angles. The positioning of the still cameras can be varied along any desired smooth curve to produce a smooth looking camera motion in the finished clip, and the timing of each camera's firing may be delayed slightly, so that a motion scene can be executed (albeit over a very short period of movie time. )

Some scenes in The Matrix feature the "time-slice" effect with completely frozen characters and objects. Film interpolation techniques improved the fluidity of the apparent "camera motion". In the mathematical subfield of Numerical analysis, interpolation is a method of constructing new data points within the range of a Discrete set of The effect was further expanded upon by the Wachowski brothers and the visual effects supervisor John Gaeta so as to create "bullet time", which incorporates temporal motion, so that rather than being totally frozen the scene progresses in slow and variable motion. John Gaeta (born c 1968 is an academy award winning Visual effects designer best known for his work on the ''Matrix'' film trilogy and Speed Racer where Engineers at Manex Visual Effects pioneered 3-D visualization planning methods to move beyond mechanically fixed views towards more complicated camera paths and flexibly moving interest points. Manex Visual Effects (MVFX was a Motion picture special visual effects company located in Alameda California. There is also an improved fluidity through the use of non-linear interpolation, digital compositing, and the introduction of computer generated "virtual" scenery.

The objective of the bullet time shots in The Matrix was to creatively illustrate "mind over matter" type events as captured by a "virtual camera". A virtual camera is a series of Still cameras which are designed to behave as a motion camera or a simulated camera onto which a 3-D animation is projected when rendering However, the original technical approach was physically bound to pre-determined perspectives, and the resulting effect only suggests the capabilities of a true virtual camera.

The evolution of photogrametric and image-based computer-generated background approaches in The Matrix's bullet-time shots set the stage for later innovations unveiled in the sequels The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions. Computer animation Computer-generated imagery (also known as CGI) is the application of the field of Computer graphics or more specifically 3D computer graphics The Matrix Reloaded is a 2003 Film, the second installment in ''The Matrix'' trilogy, written and directed by the Wachowski Brothers The Matrix Revolutions is a 2003 Film and the third and final Film in ''The Matrix'' trilogy. Virtual Cinematography (CGI-rendered characters, locations, and events) and the high-definition "Universal Capture" process completely replaced the use of still camera arrays, thus more closely realizing the "virtual camera".

This film overcame the release of Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace by winning the Academy Award for Visual Effects. Star Wars Episode I Phantom Menace is a 1999 military sci-fi film written and directed by George Lucas. The Academy Award for Visual Effects is an Oscar given to one film each year that shows highest achievement in Visual effects

Music

See also: The Matrix: Original Motion Picture Score and The Matrix: Music from the Motion Picture

The film's score was composed by Don Davis. The Matrix Original Motion Picture Score is one of the two 1999 Soundtrack albums from the blockbuster film The Matrix (the other The Matrix Music from the Motion Picture is one of the two 1999 Soundtrack albums from the blockbuster film The Matrix (the other A film score is a broad term referring to the music in a film which is generally categorically separated from songs used within a film A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance Donald Romain Davis (born February 4, 1957) is an American Film score Composer, conductor, and orchestrator He noted that mirrors appear frequently in the movie: reflections of the blue and red pills are seen in Morpheus's glasses; Neo's capture by Agents is viewed through the rear-view mirror of Trinity's motorcycle; Neo observes a broken mirror mending itself; reflections warp as a spoon is bent; the reflection of a helicopter is visible as it approaches a skyscraper. (The film also frequently references the book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, which has a sequel entitled Through the Looking-Glass. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865 is a novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson better known under the Pseudonym Lewis Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There ( 1871) is a work of Children's literature by Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson ) Davis focused on this theme of reflections when creating his score, alternating between sections of the orchestra and attempting to incorporate contrapuntal ideas. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well In Music, counterpoint is the relationship between two or more voices that are independent in contour and Rhythm, and interdependent in Harmony [6]

In addition to Davis's score, The Matrix's soundtrack also features music from acts such as Rammstein, Rob Dougan, Rage Against the Machine, Propellerheads, The Crystal Method, Ministry, Deftones, The Prodigy, Rob Zombie, Meat Beat Manifesto, Massive Attack and Marilyn Manson. Rammstein (ˈʀamʃtaɪ̯n is a German Industrial metal band founded in Berlin, and consisting of Till Lindemann ( lead vocals Rob Dougan, also known as Rob D (born 1969 Sydney, Australia) is a genre-blending Music composer. Rage Against the Machine (sometimes shortened to RATM or Rage) is Propellerheads are a British Big beat music band made up of electronic producers Will White and Alex Gifford The Crystal Method is an American Electronic music duo consisting of Ken Jordan and Scott Kirkland Ministry was an American Industrial metal band founded by Frontman Al Jourgensen in 1981 Deftones is a rock band from Sacramento California formed in 1988 consisting of The Prodigy are an Electronic music group formed by Liam Howlett in 1990 in Braintree Essex, England. Robert Bartleh Cummings (born January 12, 1965) better known by his Stage name, Rob Zombie, is an American Musician Meat Beat Manifesto, often shortened to Meat Beat or MBM, is an Electronic music outfit originally consisting of Jack Dangers and Jonny Massive Attack are an English Trip hop group founded in 1988 by Robert Del Naja, Grantley Marshall, and Andrew Vowles in Bristol Marilyn Manson is an American Alternative metal band based in Los Angeles California.

Release

The Matrix was first released in the U. S. on 31 March 1999. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) It earned $171 million in the U. S. and $460 million worldwide,[7] and later became the first DVD to sell more than three million copies in the U. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is S. [8] The Ultimate Matrix Collection was released on HD DVD on May 22, 2007. The Ultimate Matrix Collection is a DVD release featuring all the titles in the ''Matrix'' series, as well as several hours of special not insert the publicly disclosed HD DVD key into this article for the time being Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [9]

Critical reception

The combination of special-effects-laden action and philosophical meandering was considered fresh and exciting. [10] Philip Strick commented in Sight & Sound, "if the Wachowskis claim no originality of message, they are startling innovators of method", praising the film's details and its "broadside of astonishing images". Sight & Sound ( is a British monthly Film Magazine published by the British Film Institute (BFI [11] Roger Ebert praised the film's visuals and premise, but disliked the third act's focus on action. Roger Joseph Ebert (iːbɝt born June 18, 1942) is an American film critic and Screenwriter. [12] Similarly, Time Out praised the "entertainingly ingenious" switches between different realities, Hugo Weaving's "engagingly odd" performance, and the film's cinematography and production design, but concluded, "the promising premise is steadily wasted as the film turns into a fairly routine action pic… yet another slice of overlong, high concept hokum". Time Out is a Publishing company based in London, England. The company's best known product is the Time Out weekly listings Magazine [13] Other reviewers criticised the comparative humorlessness and self-indulgence of the movie. [14][15]

In 2001, The Matrix was placed 66th in the American Film Institute's "100 Years... 100 Thrills" list. The American Film Institute ( AFI) is an independent Non-profit organization created by the National Endowment for the Arts, which was established in 1967 Part of the AFI 100 Years series, AFI's 100 Years 100 Thrills is a list of the top 100 thrilling movies in American cinema In 2007, Entertainment Weekly called The Matrix the best science-fiction piece of media for the past 25 years. Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated as EW) is a Magazine published by Time Inc [16]

Several science fiction creators commented on the film. Author William Gibson, a key figure in cyberpunk fiction, called the film "an innocent delight I hadn't felt in a long time", and stated, "Neo is my favourite-ever science fiction hero, absolutely". William Ford Gibson (born March 17 1948 is an American - Canadian writer who has been called the "noir prophet" of the Cyberpunk subgenre [17] Joss Whedon called the film "my number one" and praised its storytelling, structure and depth, concluding, "It works on whatever level you want to bring to it. Joseph Hill " Joss " Whedon ( born June 23, 1964 in New York City is an Academy Award -nominated and Hugo Award "[18] Filmmaker Darren Aronofsky commented,[19] "I walked out of The Matrix [. Darren Aronofsky (born February 12, 1969 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American Film director, Screenwriter . . ] and I was thinking, 'What kind of science fiction movie can people make now?' The Wachowskis basically took all the great sci-fi ideas of the 20th century and rolled them into a delicious pop culture sandwich that everyone on the planet devoured. "

Awards and nominations

The Matrix received Oscars for film editing, sound effects editing, visual effects, and sound. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. The Academy Award for Film Editing was first given for films issued in 1934 The Academy Award of Merit for Best Sound Editing is an Academy Award granted yearly to a film exhibiting the finest or most aesthetic The Academy Award for Visual Effects is an Oscar given to one film each year that shows highest achievement in Visual effects The Academy Award for Sound Mixing is an Academy Award that recognizes the finest or most euphonic Sound mixing or recording [20][21] Furthermore, this is the first film to win the Academy Award for Visual Effects over a film in the Star Wars series (Star Wars: The Phantom Menace). Star Wars is an epic Space opera franchise initially conceived by George Lucas during the 1970s and significantly expanded Star Wars Episode I Phantom Menace is a 1999 military sci-fi film written and directed by George Lucas. In 1999, it won Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film and Best Direction. The Saturn Award is an award presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction Fantasy & Horror Films to honor the top works in Science fiction, Fantasy The following are a list of Saturn Award winners for Best Science Fiction Film: See also Science fiction film The following is a list of Saturn Award winners for Best Direction: [22] The Matrix also received BAFTA awards for Best Sound and Best Achievement in Special Visual Effects, in addition to nominations in the cinematography, production design and editing categories. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation [23]

Influences and interpretations

Main article: Influences and interpretations of The Matrix
The Matrix is arguably the ultimate "cyberpunk" artifact. The Matrix makes numerous references to recent films and literature and to historical myths and Philosophy including Messianism, Buddhism Cyberpunk is a Science fiction genre noted for its focus on " High tech and low life.
William Gibson, 2003-01-28[24]

The Matrix makes numerous references to recent films and literature, and to historical myths and philosophy including Judaism,[25] Messianism, Buddhism, Gnosticism, Christianity, Existentialism, Nihilism, Vedanta, Advaita Hinduism, Yoga Vashishta Hinduism, Sikhism and the Tarot[26]. William Ford Gibson (born March 17 1948 is an American - Canadian writer who has been called the "noir prophet" of the Cyberpunk subgenre Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Messianism is any field of Philosophy which concerns itself with the interpretations of stories about a world Hero or the establishment of an Utopia. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Gnosticism (γνώσις gnōsis, Knowledge) refers to a diverse Syncretistic Religious movement consisting of various Belief systems Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Existentialism is a philosophical doctrine which posits that individuals create the meaning and essence of their lives and that this essence follows from their existence Nihilism (from the Latin nihil, nothing is a philosophical position that argues that Existence is without objective meaning Purpose Vedanta ( Devanagari: sa वेदान्त Vedānta) is a spiritual tradition explained in the Upanishads that is concerned with the Self-realisation Advaita Vedanta ( IAST Advaita Vedānta; Sanskrit अद्वैत वेदान्त əd̪vait̪ə veːd̪ɑːnt̪ə is a sub-school of the Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Yoga ( Sanskrit: योग, IAST: yóga, joːgə refers to traditional physical and mental disciplines originating in India, to the Vasistha ( Sanskrit: वसिष्ठ in Hindu mythology was one of the Saptarishis (Seven Great Sages Rishi) in the seventh i Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century The tarot (also known as tarocchi, tarock or similar names is typically a set of seventy-eight cards comprised of twenty-one trump cards, one The film's premise resembles Plato's Allegory of the cave, Edwin Abbott Abbott's Flatland, René Descartes's evil genius, Kant's reflections on the Phenomenon versus the Ding an sich, and the brain in a vat thought experiment, while Jean Baudrillard's Simulacra and Simulation is featured in the film. Biography Early life Birth and family Plato was born in Athens Greece The Allegory of the Cave is an Allegory used by the Greek Philosopher Plato in his work The Republic. Edwin Abbott Abbott ( December 20, 1838 &ndash October 12, 1926) English Schoolmaster and theologian, For other uses see Flatland (disambiguation Flatland A Romance of Many Dimensions is an 1884 Science fiction The evil demon, sometimes referred to as the evil genius, is a concept in Cartesian Philosophy. Immanuel Kant (ɪmanuəl kant 22 April 1724 12 February 1804 was an 18th-century German Philosopher from the Prussian city of Königsberg A phenomenon (from Greek φαινόμενoν, pl φαινόμενα - phenomena) is any observable occurrence "Noumena" redirects here For the band see Noumena (band. Evil daemonIn Philosophy, the brain in a vat is any of a variety of Thought experiments intended to draw out certain features of our ideas of knowledge reality truth Jean Baudrillard ( July 29, 1929   – March 6, 2007) (ʒɑ̃ bo Simulacra and Simulation ( Simulacres et Simulation in French) is a philosophical Treatise by Jean Baudrillard There are similarities to cyberpunk works such as Neuromancer by William Gibson. Cyberpunk is a Science fiction genre noted for its focus on " High tech and low life. Neuromancer is a 1984 novel by William Gibson, notable for being the most famous early Cyberpunk novel and winner of the science-fiction "triple William Ford Gibson (born March 17 1948 is an American - Canadian writer who has been called the "noir prophet" of the Cyberpunk subgenre [27]

In Postmodern thought, interpretations of The Matrix often reference Baudrillard's philosophy to demonstrate that the movie is an allegory for contemporary experience in a heavily commercialized, media-driven society, especially of the developed countries. Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement' While " Modern " itself refers to something "related to the present" the movement of modernism An allegory (from αλλος allos "other" and el αγορευειν agoreuein "to speak in public" is a figurative mode of representation Another angle is supplied by French artist, psychoanalyst and feminist theorist Bracha L. Ettinger's "Matrix" Notebooks from the 1980s and Matrixial theory from the 1990s. Bracha L Ettinger (born 1951 also known as Bracha Ettinger, Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger, Hebrew ברכה אטינגר, ברכה ליכטנברג-אטינגר [28][29] This influence was brought to the public's attention through the writings of art historians such as Griselda Pollock[30][31] and film theorists such as Heinz-Peter Schwerfel [32]. Griselda Pollock (born 1949) is a prominent art historian and cultural analyst and a world-renowned scholar of international post-colonial feminist studies in the Ettinger began to articulate the matrixial sphere and the matrixial gaze as psychic unconscious sphere with social, cultural, spiritual, and finally political implications around 1985, alongside series of paintings named Matrix. Her notebooks named "Matrix" were first published in France in 1991, reprinted in 1992 by Deleuze and Guattari, and in 1993 by the MOMA (Museum of Modern Art) in Oxford. Starting a long series of essays on the matrix with "Matrix and Metramorphosis" (Differences 4(3)) in 1992 and "The Matrixial Gaze" in 1994, Ettinger transformed the debates in psychoanalysis, postmodernism, feminist theory, gaze and aesthetics in terms of the matrixial borderspace already during the 1990s. Psychoanalysis is a body of ideas developed by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud and his followers which is devoted to the study of human psychological functioning and behavior Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement' While " Modern " itself refers to something "related to the present" the movement of modernism Feminist theory is the extension of Feminism into theoretical or philosophical, ground In analysing Visual culture, the concept of The Gaze (also gaze and Le regard in French describes how the viewer gazes upon Aesthetics or esthetics ( also spelled æsthetics) is commonly known as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called [33] In Ettinger's matrixial theory the emphasis is on the space of "co-emergence" of several "I" and "non-I", the virtual, potential and actual shareability of traces of trauma and of phantasy (beginning in the womb as matrix), on the mental re-co-birth where subjects are trans-connected by psychic strings and threads to form trans-subjectivity. Some scenes from the film provide actual visualizations of her highly abstract notions.

Japanese director Mamoru Oshii's Ghost in the Shell was a strong influence. Mamoru Oshii (押井守 Oshii Mamoru; born August 8, 1951 in Tokyo) is a Japanese Animation and live-action Film is a 1995 Anime Film directed by Mamoru Oshii; an adaptation of the Manga Ghost in the Shell by Masamune Producer Joel Silver has stated that the Wachowski brothers first described their intentions for The Matrix by showing him that anime and saying, "We wanna do that for real". Joel Silver (born July 14, 1952) is an American Hollywood Film producer and inventor of the sport of Ultimate. [34][35] Mitsuhisa Ishikawa of Production I.G, which produced Ghost in the Shell, noted that the anime's high-quality visuals were a strong source of inspiration for the Wachowski brothers. ( is a Japanese Anime studio and production enterprise which was founded on December 15, 1987 by Mitsuhisa Ishikawa. He also commented, ". . . cyberpunk films are very difficult to describe to a third person. I'd imagine that The Matrix is the kind of film that was very difficult to draw up a written proposal for to take to film studios. " He stated that since Ghost in the Shell had gained recognition in America, the Wachowski brothers used it as a "promotional tool". [36] Besides Ghost in the Shell, another anime which influenced The Matrix was the 1985 film Megazone 23. (anime in Japanese, is a three-part Original video animation created by Noboru Ishiguro and Shinji Aramaki. [37]

Reviewers have commented on similarities between The Matrix and other late-1990s films such as Strange Days, Dark City, and The Truman Show. Strange Days is the title of a 1995 Science fiction Film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and produced and co-written by James Cameron Dark City is a 1998 science fiction Film noir written by Alex Proyas, Lem Dobbs and David S The Truman Show is a 1998 fantasy Comedy-drama film directed by Peter Weir and written by Andrew Niccol. [12][38][39] Comparisons have also been made to Grant Morrison's comic series The Invisibles; Morrison believes that the Wachowski brothers essentially plagiarized his work to create the film. Grant Morrison (born January 31 1960 is a Scottish Comic book writer and artist The Invisibles is a mature readers Comic book series that was published by the Vertigo imprint of DC Comics from 1994 to [40] In addition, the similarity of the film's central concept to a device in the long running series Doctor Who has also been noted. Doctor Who is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC. As in the film, the Matrix of that series (introduced in the 1976 serial The Deadly Assassin) is a massive computer system which one enters using a device connecting to the head, allowing users to see representations of the real world and change its laws of physics; but if killed there, they will die in reality. The Matrix, in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who, is a massive Computer system on the planet The Deadly Assassin is a serial in the British Science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast [41]

Influence on filmmaking

The Matrix has had a strong effect on action film-making in Hollywood. It upped the ante for cinematic fight scenes by hiring acclaimed choreographers (such as Yuen Woo-ping) from the Hong Kong action cinema scene, well-known for its production of martial arts films. Stage combat is a specialized technique in Theatre designed to create the Illusion of physical Combat without causing harm to the performers Stage combat is a specialized technique in Theatre designed to create the Illusion of physical Combat without causing harm to the performers Yuen Woo Ping ( born 1945 in Guangzhou, China) is a Chinese martial arts choreographer and Film director, renowned Hong Kong action cinema is the reason why Hong Kong film industry 's is so well known The success of The Matrix put those choreographers in high demand by other filmmakers who wanted fights of similar sophistication: for example, Yuen Woo-ping's brother Yuen Cheung-Yan was choreographer on Daredevil (2003). Daredevil is a 2003 Superhero film written and directed by Mark Steven Johnson.

Following The Matrix, films made abundant use of slow-motion, spinning cameras, and, often, the famed bullet time effect of a character freezing or slowing down and the camera panning around them such as the opening scene on Swordfish. Bullet time (or bullet-time) is a computer enhanced simulation of variable speed (ie Swordfish is a 2001 action / thriller Film. It was directed by Dominic Sena and stars Hugh Jackman The bullet time effect has also been parodied numerous times, in comedy films such as Scary Movie, Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo, Shrek and Kung Pow: Enter the Fist; in TV series such as The Simpsons and Family Guy; in the OVA series FLCL; and in video games such as Conker's Bad Fur Day. A parody (ˈpɛɹədiː US, [ˈpaɹədiː] UK) in contemporary usage is a work created to mock comment on or poke fun at an original work its subject Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and Scary Movie is a 2000 film directed by Keenen Ivory Wayans. It is an American Dark comedy which parodies the horror and mystery genres Deuce Bigalow Male Gigolo is a 1999 Comedy film starring Rob Schneider. Shrek is a 2001 computer-animated American Comedy film, directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson, and Kung Pow! Enter the Fist is a Comedy film that parodies Hong Kong action cinema. A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U Family Guy is an animated American television sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane that airs on Fox and regularly on other abbreviated (and sometimes as OAV) is a term originating from Japanese animation ( Anime) for animated films and series which are made specially to be is an Original video animation series written by Yōji Enokido, directed by Kazuya Tsurumaki and produced by the FLCL Production Committee which Conker's Bad Fur Day is a Nintendo 64 Video game developed and published by Rare, and distributed by Nintendo.

Franchise

Main article: The Matrix (series)

The film's mainstream success led to the greenlighting of the next two films of what was conceived as a trilogy, The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions. A trilogy is a set of three works of art usually Literature, Film, or Video games, that are connected and can be seen either as a single work or three The Matrix Reloaded is a 2003 Film, the second installment in ''The Matrix'' trilogy, written and directed by the Wachowski Brothers The Matrix Revolutions is a 2003 Film and the third and final Film in ''The Matrix'' trilogy. These were filmed simultaneously during one shoot and released in two parts in 2003. Filmmaking is the process of making a Film, from an initial story idea or commission through scriptwriting shooting editing and finally distribution to an audience The first film's introductory tale is replaced by a story centered on the impending attack of the human enclave of Zion by a vast machine army. Zion is a fictional Place in The Matrix films It is the last Human City on the Planet Earth after a cataclysmic Neo also learns more about the history of the Matrix, his role as the One and the prophecy that he will end the war. The sequels also incorporate longer and more ambitious action scenes, as well as improvements in bullet time and other visual effects.

Also released was The Animatrix, a collection of nine animated short films, many of which were created in the same Japanese animation style that was a strong influence on the live trilogy. The Animatrix is a collection of nine animated Short films released in 2003 and set in the fictional universe of ''The Matrix'' series The bouncing ball animation (below consists of these 6 frames (anime in Japanese, The Animatrix was overseen and approved by the Wachowski brothers but they only wrote four of the segments themselves and did not direct any of them, while some of them (such as Osiris and Kid's Story) are directly linked to the movies; much of the project was created by notable figures from the world of anime. Four of the films were originally released on the series' official website; one was shown in cinemas with the Warner Bros. movie Dreamcatcher; the others first appeared with the DVD release of all nine shorts. Dreamcatcher is a 2003 Film adaptation of Stephen King 's novel of the same name. Several of the films were shown first on UK television prior to their DVD release.

The franchise also contains three video games: Enter the Matrix (2003), which contains footage shot specifically for the game and chronicles events taking place before and during The Matrix Reloaded; The Matrix Online (2004), a MMORPG which continues the story beyond The Matrix Revolutions; and The Matrix: Path of Neo, which was released on November 8, 2005 and focuses on situations based on Neo's journey through the trilogy of films. Enter the Matrix is the first Video game based on ''The Matrix'' series of films The Matrix Reloaded is a 2003 Film, the second installment in ''The Matrix'' trilogy, written and directed by the Wachowski Brothers The Matrix Online (also known as MxO) is a Massively multiplayer online game developed by Monolith Productions A massively multiplayer online role-playing game ( MMORPG) is a genre of Computer role-playing games (CRPGs in which a large number of players interact with The Matrix Path of Neo is the third Video game based on The Matrix series and the second developed Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Available on the official website are a number of free comics set in the world of The Matrix, written and illustrated by figures from the comics industry. A comic book (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a comic paper or comic magazine) is a Magazine or Book of narrative [42] Some of these comics are also available in two printed volumes, the The Matrix Comics. The Matrix Comics is a collection of short Comic book stories set in the fictional universe of ''The Matrix'' series.

Notes and references

  1. ^ Ebert, Roger (November 6, 2005). Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Great Movies: Dark City (English). Retrieved on December 18, 2006. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  2. ^ Hillner, Jennifer. I, Robocop. Wired. Wired is a full-color monthly American Magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993 Condé Nast Publications.
  3. ^ Larry Carroll. "Will Smith Snagged 'I Am Legend' From Schwarzenegger, But Can You Imagine Nicolas Cage In 'The Matrix'?", MTV, 2007-12-07. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Retrieved on 2007-12-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe.  
  4. ^ Nathan Hale Williams. "The Janet Jackson Interview", The Daily Voice, 2008-02-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Retrieved on 2008-03-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion.  
  5. ^ Costume designer Kym Barret, production designer Owen Paterson and cinematographer Bill Pope, interviewed in The Matrix Revisited (Chapter 7). Owen Paterson is an Australian Production designer, who was chiefly responsible for the design and look of The Matrix series of movies William Homer Pope, ASC (born June 19 1952) is an award winning American Cinematographer, best known for his work on Sam Raimi's The Matrix Revisited is a feature-length documentary on the production of the movie The Matrix.
  6. ^ Don Davis, interviewed in The Matrix Revisited (Chapter 28). The Matrix Revisited is a feature-length documentary on the production of the movie The Matrix. A transcript of his comments may be found online: [1]
  7. ^ Box Office Mojo: The Matrix. URL retrieved 8 March 2006. Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion.
  8. ^ "Press release - August 1, 2000 - The Matrix DVD: The first to sell 3 million". URL retrieved 26 July 2006. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
  9. ^ Warner Home Video. "The Matrix is Coming to HD DVD", Comingsoon. net, 2007-03-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Retrieved on 2007-03-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow.  
  10. ^ "Positive review of The Matrix". Retrieved on 2007-02-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
  11. ^ Sight & Sound review of The Matrix. Retrieved on 2007-02-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
  12. ^ a b Roger Ebert's review of The Matrix. URL retrieved 21 August 2006.
  13. ^ "Time Out Film Review - The Matrix". Time Out Film Guide 13. Time Out. Time Out is a Publishing company based in London, England. The company's best known product is the Time Out weekly listings Magazine Retrieved on 2007-02-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France.
  14. ^ "Critical review of The Matrix". Retrieved on 2007-02-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
  15. ^ "Negative review of The Matrix". Retrieved on 2007-02-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
  16. ^ Jeff Jensen. "The Sci-Fi 25", Entertainment Weekly, 2007-05-07. Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated as EW) is a Magazine published by Time Inc Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Retrieved on 2007-05-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses  
  17. ^ The Art of the Matrix, p. 451
  18. ^ "The 201 Greatest Movies of all Time", Empire (Issue 201), March 2006, pp.  98.  
  19. ^ Darren Aronofsky, quoted in the article "The Outsider", Wired. Darren Aronofsky (born February 12, 1969 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American Film director, Screenwriter Wired is a full-color monthly American Magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993 November 2006 issue (pp. 224)
  20. ^ Academy Awards® Database — Search page. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
  21. ^ The Wachowski Brothers. Tribute magazine. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
  22. ^ Saturn Awards. SaturnAwards. org. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
  23. ^ BAFTA Film Winners 1990 – 1999. BAFTA. org. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
  24. ^ "THE MATRIX: FAIR COP", The William Gibson Blog
  25. ^ http://www.divreinavon.com/pdf/MatrixMysticalMidrash.pdf The Matrix: A Mystical Modern Midrash
  26. ^ "The Matrix Tarot" YouTube video by Daniel Böttger
  27. ^ "The Matrix: Fair Cop". URL retrieved 7 July 2006.
  28. ^ Bracha L. Ettinger, The Matrixial Borderspace (Essays from 1994-1999). University of Minnesota press, 2006. Forwarded by Judith Butler, Brian Massumi and Griselda Pollock. Judith Butler (born February 24, 1956) is an American Post-structuralist philosopher who has contributed to the fields of Feminism Brian Massumi is a philosopher writer and political theorist His work focuses on perception affect and the virtual ISBN 0-8166-3587-0
  29. ^ [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6RzN1W6MqY Bracha Ettinger on the matrixial sphere at EGS
  30. ^ Griselda Pollock, "Does Art Think?" In: Dana Arnold and Margaret Iverson (eds. ) Art and Thought. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 2003. ISBN 0-631-22715-6
  31. ^ Griselda Pollock, "Inscritions in the Feminine" In: Catherine de Zegher (eds), Inside the Visible. MIT Press, 1996
  32. ^ Heinz-Peter Schwerfel, Kino and Kunst, Koln: Dumont, 2003.
  33. ^ Humm, Maggie, Feminism and Film. Indiana University press, 1997. ISBN 0253333342
  34. ^ Joel Silver, interviewed in "Scrolls to Screen: A Brief History of Anime" featurette on The Animatrix DVD. Joel Silver (born July 14, 1952) is an American Hollywood Film producer and inventor of the sport of Ultimate. The Animatrix is a collection of nine animated Short films released in 2003 and set in the fictional universe of ''The Matrix'' series
  35. ^ Joel Silver, interviewed in "Making The Matrix" featurette on The Matrix DVD. Joel Silver (born July 14, 1952) is an American Hollywood Film producer and inventor of the sport of Ultimate.
  36. ^ Mitsuhisa Ishikawa, interviewed in The South Bank Show, episode broadcast 19 February 2006 [2]
  37. ^ Megazone 23. The South Bank Show is an award-winning Television arts magazine show made by London Weekend Television, presented by Melvyn Bragg, broadcast A.D. Vision. AD Vision (commonly referred to as ADV) is an American international Multimedia entertainment company based in Houston Texas, active Retrieved on 2008-05-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
  38. ^ "The Matrix (1999) - Channel 4 Film review". URL retrieved 21 August 2006.
  39. ^ "Cinephobia reviews: The Matrix". URL retrieved 27 December 2006.
  40. ^ "Poor Mojo Newswire: Suicide Girls Interview with Grant Morrison". URL retrieved 31 July 2006.
  41. ^ Condon, Paul. The Matrix Unlocked. 2003. Contender. p. 141-3. ISBN 1-84357-093-9
  42. ^ The Matrix Comics at the official Matrix website

External links

Awards
Preceded by
Armageddon & Dark City		 Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film
1999		 Succeeded by
X-Men
Rotten Tomatoes is a Website devoted to reviews information and news of Movies. Armageddon is a 1998 disaster / sci-fi - action film about a group of blue-collar deep-core drillers who are Dark City is a 1998 science fiction Film noir written by Alex Proyas, Lem Dobbs and David S The following are a list of Saturn Award winners for Best Science Fiction Film: See also Science fiction film X-Men is a 2000 Superhero film based on the fictional Marvel Comics characters of the same name.
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