The current front page layout of The Independent
Type	Daily newspaper
Format	Compact
Owner	Independent News & Media
Editor	Daily - Roger Alton, Sunday - John Mullin
Founded	1986
Political allegiance	Liberal / Centre Left
Headquarters	Canary Wharf, London
Circulation	243,398 [1] (Monday-Friday) 225,403 [2] (Sunday)
Website: www.independent.co.uk

The Independent is a British compact newspaper published by Sir Tony O'Reilly's Independent News & Media. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. A compact newspaper is a Broadsheet -quality newspaper printed in a Tabloid format especially in the United Kingdom. Independent News & Media plc ( INM) is a media organisation based in Dublin, Ireland with interests in 22 countries on 4 continentsworldwide Roger Alton (born 20 December 1947 is a British journalist and the editor of The Independent. John Mullin may be John T "Jack" Mullin (1913–1999 an American pioneer in the field of magnetic tape sound recording John Mullin (footballer Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal In Politics, centrism usually refers to the political ideal of promoting Moderate policies which land in the middle ground between different political extremes Canary Wharf is a large business and shopping development in London, located in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, centred on the old West India Docks London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. This is a list of the daily Newspapers in the World by average circulation The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A compact newspaper is a Broadsheet -quality newspaper printed in a Tabloid format especially in the United Kingdom. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Sir Anthony Joseph Francis O'Reilly PhD often known simply as "Tony O'Reilly" born 7 May 1936 is a Dublin -born billionaire who holds both Irish and British Independent News & Media plc ( INM) is a media organisation based in Dublin, Ireland with interests in 22 countries on 4 continentsworldwide It is nicknamed the Indie, with the Sunday edition, The Independent on Sunday, being the Sindie. Launched in 1986, it is one of the youngest UK national daily newspapers, with a circulation of 240,116 in August 2007 according to the UK Audited Bureau of Circulations; a 5. In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, the ABC certifies and audits the Circulations of major publications including Newspapers and 37% drop from November 2006. The Sunday edition has bucked its trend of faring worse than its daily sister; up 1. 63% in the last nine months to August 2007 at 216,371. This first rise for a considerable time would seem to reflect a buoying effect of the June 2007 relaunch. The daily edition was named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2004 British Press Awards. The British Press Awards is an annual ceremony that celebrates the best of British Journalism. The Independent is politically left-leaning. ^[3]

History

Creation in 1986

The Independent is the youngest of the current British "compact" newspapers, first published on 7 October 1986 as a broadsheet. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) It was produced by Newspaper Publishing Ltd. and created by Andreas Whittam Smith, Stephen Glover and Matthew Symonds. Andreas Whittam Smith CBE (born 13 June, 1937, in Birkenhead, Cheshire) is a British financial Journalist, All three were former journalists at The Daily Telegraph who had left the paper towards the end of Lord Hartwell's ownership. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. William Michael Berry 3rd Viscount Camrose and Baron Hartwell MBE ( 28 May 1911 - 3 April 2001) was a newspaper proprietor and Marcus Sieff was the first chairman of Newspaper Publishing and Whittam Smith took control of the paper.

The paper was created at a time of considerable tension in British journalism. Rupert Murdoch was challenging long accepted practices and was fighting with the print unions. is gay Bold text' Keith Rupert Murdoch', AC, KCSG (born Melbourne, March 11 1931 usually known as Rupert Murdoch, is an Australian-American In this unsettled atmosphere the newly created paper was able to attract very good staff from the Murdoch broadsheets, who chose to jump ship rather than move to Wapping. Wapping (pronounced 'Wopping' is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets which forms part of the Docklands to the east of the City of London. The Independent also had a rather better relationship with its printers, mainly because it had not been around long enough for the relations to sour.

Launched with the advertising slogan "It is. Are you?", and challenging The Guardian for its politically centre-left readers, and The Times as a 'newspaper of record', it reached a circulation of over 400,000 in 1989. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Competing for readers in a moribund market, the arrival of The Independent was one of the factors that sparked both a general freshening of newspaper design as well as a costly 'price war'. The market was very tight, and when The Independent launched an independent Sunday edition in 1990, sales were less than anticipated. Some aspects of production were consequently merged with the main paper, although Sunday publication did continue with a largely distinct editorial staff.

In the 1990s, The Independent started an advertising campaign, accusing its rivals, The Times and The Daily Telegraph of reflecting the views of their respective proprietors, Rupert Murdoch and Conrad Black. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. is gay Bold text' Keith Rupert Murdoch', AC, KCSG (born Melbourne, March 11 1931 usually known as Rupert Murdoch, is an Australian-American Conrad Moffat Black Baron Black of Crossharbour PC, KCSG, OC, (born 25 August 1944, in Montreal, Quebec) is It featured spoofs of their mastheads with the words 'THE RUPERT MURDOCH', 'The Conrad Black', and below, 'THE INDEPENDENT'. A masthead is a list usually found on the editorial page of a Newspaper or Magazine, of the members of the newspaper's Editorial board.

Financial problems

By the 1990s it became clear that the parent company, Newspaper Publishing, was suffering financial difficulties. Several other newspapers launched in the 1980s (the Sunday Correspondent being one example) had swiftly collapsed without establishing a large enough base of loyal readers to ensure profitability, and The Independent was experiencing similar problems. The Sunday Correspondent was a shortlived British weekly national Broadsheet Newspaper. Two European media groups soon took small stakes in the company. A number of other media companies were interested in the paper for a number of reasons. Both Sir Tony O Reilly's media group and Mirror Group Newspapers developed substantial stakes in the company by mid 1994. Sir Anthony Joseph Francis O'Reilly PhD often known simply as "Tony O'Reilly" born 7 May 1936 is a Dublin -born billionaire who holds both Irish and British Trinity Mirror plc is a large United Kingdom Newspaper and Magazine publisher In March 1995 Newspaper Publishing was restructured with a rights issue, splitting the shareholding into Independent News & Media (43%), MGN (43%), and Prisa (El Pais, 12%). Independent News & Media plc ( INM) is a media organisation based in Dublin, Ireland with interests in 22 countries on 4 continentsworldwide PRISA ( Promotora de Informaciones SA) ( is a Media conglomerate and the biggest publisher in Spain In the same month, Whittam Smith left the paper.

In April 1996 there was another refinancing and in March 1998 O'Reilly bought out the other 54% of the company for £30 million, and assumed the company's debt. Brendan Hopkins headed Independent News while Andrew Marr was appointed editor of The Independent and Rosie Boycott of The Independent on Sunday. Andrew William Stevenson Marr (born 31 July 1959 Glasgow, Scotland) is a Scottish Journalist and political commentator Rosel Marie Boycott (born 13 May 1951) better known as Rosie Boycott, is a British journalist and feminist Marr introduced a dramatic if short-lived redesign which won some critical favour, but was largely a commercial failure, partly as a result of a limited promotional budget. (Marr has since admitted his changes were foolhardy in his semi-autobiographical work My Trade. )

Boycott left in April 1998 (to The Daily Express) and Marr in May 1998 (later to join the BBC as its Political Editor). The Daily Express is a conservative Middle-market British Tabloid Newspaper. Simon Kelner was made the new editor. Simon Kelner (born 1957 Heywood) is a British journalist and newspaper editor By this time the circulation of the paper had fallen to below 200,000. Independent News spent heavily to improve circulation and the paper underwent a number of redesigns. While circulation improved it did not approach the 1989 figures or restore the paper to profitability and the job cuts and tight financial controls took their toll on the journalists and their morale. Ivan Fallon, on the board since 1995 and once a key figure at the Sunday Times, replaced Hopkins as head of Independent News & Media in July 2002. By mid 2004, the newspaper was still losing £5million a year. A gradual improvement has meant that by 2006, with circulation at a nine year high, profitability is expected soon ^[4].

Change from broadsheet to tabloid size

The Independent was originally published in broadsheet form, but from September 2003 was produced in a choice of broadsheet and tabloid forms, with the same content in each. Broadsheet is the largest of the various Newspaper formats and is characterized by long vertical pages (typically 22 inches or more A tabloid is a Newspaper industry term which refers to a smaller newspaper format per spread to a weekly or semi-weekly alternative newspaper that focuses on local-interest The tabloid version was termed by the newspaper "compact", to distance itself from the racy, down-market publications usually associated with the term "tabloid". A compact newspaper is a Broadsheet -quality newspaper printed in a Tabloid format especially in the United Kingdom. The smaller format was rolled out gradually throughout the UK. Rupert Murdoch's Times followed suit, introducing its own "compact" version. is gay Bold text' Keith Rupert Murdoch', AC, KCSG (born Melbourne, March 11 1931 usually known as Rupert Murdoch, is an Australian-American The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Prior to these changes, The Independent had a daily circulation of around 217,500, the lowest of any major national British daily newspaper, climbing to claim a 15% rise in circulation by March 2004 (taking it to circa 250,000). Throughout much of 2006, circulation generally stagnated at the quarter of a million mark. On 14 May 2004, The Independent produced its last weekday broadsheet edition, having stopped producing a Saturday broadsheet edition in January. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Sindie (Independent on Sunday) published its last simultaneous broadsheet edition on 9 October 2005, and has since also followed a "compact" design; the only UK weekly newspaper to do so thus far. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

On 12 April 2005, The Independent unveiled a 'radical redesign' of its layout to a more European feel, somewhat similar to France's Libération. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Libération (affectionately known as Libé) is a French Daily Newspaper founded in Paris in 1973 by Jean-Paul Sartre (The redesign was carried out by a Barcelona design studio. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia ) The weekday second section was subsumed within the body of the main paper, double-page feature articles became common in the main news pages, and there were revisions to both front and back covers. It has spent over £1,000,000 on promotion. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency

On 25 April 2006, a new second section, Extra was introduced. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. It is similar to The Guardian's G2 and The Times' Times2, containing features, reportage and games, including Sudoku. Reportage sometimes refers to the total body of media coverage of a particular topic or event including news reporting and analysis " the extensive reportage of recent is a Logic -based number-placement Puzzle. The objective is to fill a 9×9 grid so that each column each row and each of the nine 3×3 boxes (also called blocks

Politics and readers

Front page of The Independent, Robert Fisk claiming that Israel used uranium-based weapons in southern Lebanon during the 2006 Lebanon War, a claim later broken by a UN panel of experts, the IAEA and other international agencies. Robert Fisk (born July 12 1946 in Maidstone, Kent) is a British Journalist and is Middle East correspondent Background See also Israel-Lebanon conflict The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO had engaged in cross-border attacks from Southern Lebanon

While The Independent claims to represent contrasting political opinions, and argued that a hung parliament would be the best outcome of the 2005 General Election, its politics are probably closest to those of Liberal Democrats. In Parliamentary systems a hung parliament is one in which no one Political party has an outright majority and means it is most commonly equally balanced The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the A MORI Poll taken between April-June 2000 showed that 60% of Independent readers were Labour Party voters (cited in International Socialism Spring 2003, ISBN 1-898876-97-5). Ipsos MORI is the second largest survey research organisation in the UK formed by two of the UK's leading companies in October 2005 A 2004 poll by MORI showed that 39% of its readers were Liberal Democrat voters whilst 36% supported Labour. Ipsos MORI is the second largest survey research organisation in the UK formed by two of the UK's leading companies in October 2005 The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the

The stereotypical reader of The Independent is politically left-wing and a Liberal Democrat, or perhaps a Labour voter and interested in issues concerning the environment. These values are directly reflected in the newspaper's style. The paper's editorial line favours the implementation of proportional representation and the tackling of climate change through governmental measures. Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes However it is not uncommon for the editorials to cover right-wing ideas, thus making it difficult to place the paper on the political spectrum.

In recent years, it has often had critical, editorial-style front page spreads on George W. Bush, Tony Blair, and Israeli government policies. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to As part of its criticism, The Independent accused Israel of being guilty of using uranium-based shells in Lebanon. This accusation turned out to be false. ^[5][6][7]

It has recently run campaigns for electoral reform and against the introduction of ID cards and the restriction of mass migration into the UK. Electoral reform is change in Electoral systems to improve how public desires are expressed in election results Enabling legislation for the British national identity card was passed under the Identity Cards Act 2006 Originally, The Independent has consciously avoided Royal stories; Whittam Smith once commented that he did this to protect the institution rather than out of republican motives. Republicanism, in the United Kingdom, is the movement which seeks to remove the British monarchy and replace it with a Republic that has a non- The newspaper still gives comparatively little attention to the British monarchy. TalkCommonewalth realm.--> The monarchy

The Independent sponsors The Longford Prize, named in memory of Lord Longford. The Longford Prize is an annual award presented to an organisation or individual working in the field of social or Penal reform. Francis Aungier Pakenham 7th Earl of Longford, KG, PC ( 5 December 1905 &ndash 3 August 2001) was a

The Independent is frequently satirised, particularly by Private Eye for its front pages, often dominated by statistics on specific political issues or an expressly politicised leader article, rather than more traditional news and photographs. Private Eye is a fortnightly British satirical Magazine, edited by Ian Hislop. Private Eye has in the past referred to The Independent as The Indescribablyboring or The Irrelevant.

In a speech given on 12 June 2007, British Prime Minister Tony Blair called The Independent a "viewspaper":^[8]

Comment is a perfectly respectable part of journalism. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to But it is supposed to be separate. Opinion and fact should be clearly divisible. The truth is a large part of the media today not merely elides the two but does so now as a matter of course.

In other words, this is not exceptional. It is routine. The metaphor for this genre of modern journalism is the Independent newspaper. Let me state at the outset it is a well-edited lively paper and is absolutely entitled to print what it wants, how it wants, on the Middle East or anything else.

But it was started as an antidote to the idea of journalism as views not news. That was why it was called the Independent. Today it is avowedly a viewspaper not merely a newspaper.

The Independent attacked Blair's comments on its front page the next day, accusing him of hypocrisy over his alleged fawning to the Murdoch press. is gay Bold text' Keith Rupert Murdoch', AC, KCSG (born Melbourne, March 11 1931 usually known as Rupert Murdoch, is an Australian-American

On 23 January 2008, The Independent successfully relaunched its online edition independent.co.uk. ^[9] Generally seen as a critical and commercial success^[10], the relaunch introduced a radical new look, better access to the popular blog service, priority on image and video content and a range of additional areas of the site including Art & Architecture, Fashion, Gadgets & Tech and Health & Wellbeing.

The (RED) Independent

The Independent has recently shown support for U2 lead singer Bono's Product RED brand by creating an edition of the newspaper called The (RED) Independent, an occasional edition of the paper that gives half of the day's proceeds to the charity. Product Red, styled as (PRODUCTRED, is a Brand licensed to partner companies such as ^[11] The first edition was printed in May 2006 and edited by Bono and drew high sales. ^[12]

A September 2006 edition of The RED Independent, designed by fashion designer Giorgio Armani, drew controversy^[13] due to its cover shot, showing model Kate Moss dressed in blackface for an article about AIDS in Africa. Fashion career From 1961 to 1970 Armani worked as a designer in well-known fashion house Nino Cerruti Jimenez after which he left to pursue freelance work Kate Moss (born January 16 1974) is an English model who has appeared on over 300 magazine covers. Blackface in the narrow sense is a style of theatrical Makeup that originated in the United

Sections

The Independent Traveller.

Following newspaper trends, the Saturday and Sunday editions of The Independent provide a considerably more substantial read, constituting a considerable bulk, published as they are with a host of regular supplements and pull-out subsections. The four- and five-part publications, respectively, consist in addition to the main paper of:

• The Independent on Sunday relaunched on 3 June in two sections - a main paper including news, comment, business, sport, travel and a magazine - The New Review

Editors

There have also been various guest editors over the years, such as the Body Shop's Anita Roddick on 19 June 2003 and U2's Bono in 2006. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Andreas Whittam Smith CBE (born 13 June, 1937, in Birkenhead, Cheshire) is a British financial Journalist, Ian Hargreaves (born 18 June 1951 is Professor of Journalism at the Centre for Journalism Studies ( JOMEC) at Cardiff University, Wales, UK was educated Charles Wilson is a Scottish Journalist and Newspaper executive Andrew William Stevenson Marr (born 31 July 1959 Glasgow, Scotland) is a Scottish Journalist and political commentator Rosel Marie Boycott (born 13 May 1951) better known as Rosie Boycott, is a British journalist and feminist Andrew William Stevenson Marr (born 31 July 1959 Glasgow, Scotland) is a Scottish Journalist and political commentator Rosel Marie Boycott (born 13 May 1951) better known as Rosie Boycott, is a British journalist and feminist Simon Kelner (born 1957 Heywood) is a British journalist and newspaper editor Roger Alton (born 20 December 1947 is a British journalist and the editor of The Independent. Ian Jack (born February 7, 1945) is a Scottish Journalist who was the editor of the Literary magazine Granta Peter John Wilby (born 7 November 1944) is a British Journalist. Rosel Marie Boycott (born 13 May 1951) better known as Rosie Boycott, is a British journalist and feminist Kim Fletcher is a British Journalist and media consultant born in 1956 Janet Street-Porter (born 27 December 1946 is a British media personality Journalist, Television presenter and producer John Mullin may be John T "Jack" Mullin (1913–1999 an American pioneer in the field of magnetic tape sound recording John Mullin (footballer Dame Anita Roddick, DBE (23 October 1942 &ndash 10 September 2007 was the founder of The Body Shop, a British Cosmetics company producing and

Writers and columnists

Notable photographers

• Timothy Allen
• Jonathan Evans
• Brian Harris
• Tom Pilston
• David Rose
• David Sandison

In popular culture

In Nigel Williams' book Scenes from a Poisoner's Life, the only newspaper allowed in the house of Henry Farr (the main protagonist) by his wife Elinor is The Independent on Sunday. Yasmin Alibhai-Brown (born Yasmin Damji on 10 December 1949) is an Uganda -born Journalist, based in London; she hyphenated her For the Medal of Honor recipient see Bruce Anderson (soldier For the kidnapped American child see Bobby Dunbar Bruce Cooper Brown is the columnist-protagonist of a regular column a spoof entitled "He's out There" in The Independent newspaper Michael Russell Brown (born 3 July, 1951) is a British former Conservative Party politician and is now a newspaper and broadcast political journalist Simon Calder (born 25 December, 1955 in Crawley, West Sussex) is an English travel Writer, currently the travel editor Tracey Emin RA (born 3 July, 1963) is an English Artist of Turkish Cypriot origin one of the group known as Britartists Helen Fielding (born 19 February 1958 in Morley West Yorkshire) is an English author, best known as the author of the novel Robert Fisk (born July 12 1946 in Maidstone, Kent) is a British Journalist and is Middle East correspondent Johann Hari (born January 21, 1979) is a British Journalist and Writer. Howard Jacobson (born 24 August, 1942) is a British Author. He is best known for writing comic novels which tend to revolve around the dilemmas Steven Alexander James (born 21 November 1968 in Boscombe, England) is a Farmer and the bass player of the currently Peter Jenkins ( 11 May, 1934 &ndash 27 May, 1992) was a British journalist and Associate Editor of The Independent Mark Oaten (born 8 March 1964, Watford) is a Liberal Democrat politician in the United Kingdom, and Member of Parliament Miles Beresford Kington ( 13 May 1941 &ndash 30 January 2008) was a British Journalist, musician (a double bass player Dominic Ralph Campden Lawson (born 17 December 1956) is a British journalist Rhodri Marsden (born October 1, 1971) is a London -based Journalist, Musician and Blogger Journalism Rhodri Deborah Orr is a British Journalist and broadcaster. She is married to Writer and Satirist Will Self. For similar names see the disambiguation page Stephen Richards Steve Richards (born 1960) is a British TV presenter and chief Alexei David Sayle (born 7 August 1952 is an English Comedian, Actor and Author. William Self (born 26 September, 1961) is an English Novelist, Reviewer and Columnist. Andreas Whittam Smith CBE (born 13 June, 1937, in Birkenhead, Cheshire) is a British financial Journalist, Mark Steel (born 4 July 1960 is a British Socialist, Columnist, Author and Comedian. Paul Vallely CMG is a leading British writer on Africa and development issues Claudia Anne Mary I Winkleman (born 15 January 1972) is a British Television presenter and Journalist. Janet Street-Porter (born 27 December 1946 is a British media personality Journalist, Television presenter and producer Joan Alison Smith (born August 27, 1953 in London) is an English Novelist, Journalist and Human rights Alan Watkins (born 1933 is a Welsh -born political columnist for the London newspaper The Independent on Sunday who also writes about Patrick Cockburn (ˈkoʊbɝn "co-burn" (born March 5, 1950) is an Irish Journalist who has been a Middle East Correspondent David William Donald Cameron (born 9 October 1966 is a British Politician and the current leader of the Conservative Party and Leader of Her Majesty's Dominic Joly (born 15 November 1970) (better known as Dom Joly) is an award-winning British Television Comedian and Timothy Allen (born 1971 in Tonbridge, Kent) is an English Photojournalist best known for his reportage and ethnographic photography Nigel Williams (born January 20, 1948 in Cheadle, near Stockport, Cheshire) is a British Novelist, Screenwriter The Wimbledon Trilogy consists of three books written by Nigel Williams set in Wimbledon London and published by Faber & Faber: The

References

External links

• Website of the newspaper "The Independent"
• Website of the newspaper "The Irish Independent"