The Guardian
Typical Guardian front page
Type	Daily newspaper
Format	Berliner
Owner	Guardian Media Group
Editor	Alan Rusbridger
Founded	1821
Political allegiance	Centre-left
Language	English
Price	£0. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Berliner, or " midi " is a Newspaper format with pages normally measuring about 470 mm × 315 mm (18½  in × 12 Not to be confused with the Guardian Enterprise Group, an American media company (see. Alan Rusbridger (born 29 December 1953 in Northern Rhodesia) is the son of the late G H Rusbridger the Director of Education The centre-left (or center-left) is a political term commonly used to describe or denote individuals political parties or organizations (such as Think English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency 80 (Monday-Friday) £1. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency 50 (Saturday)
Headquarters	119 Farringdon Road, London, EC1R 3ER
Circulation	351,031 [1]
Website: guardian.co.uk

The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Farringdon Road is a road in Clerkenwell, Central London. Its construction which took almost 20 years between the 1840s and the 1860s is considered one of the greatest London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. This is a list of the daily Newspapers in the World by average circulation The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Not to be confused with the Guardian Enterprise Group, an American media company (see. It is published Monday to Saturday in the Berliner format from its London and Manchester headquarters. Berliner, or " midi " is a Newspaper format with pages normally measuring about 470 mm × 315 mm (18½  in × 12 London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.

The Guardian Weekly, which circulates worldwide, provides a compact digest of four newspapers. The Guardian Weekly is a weekly Newspaper published by the Guardian Media Group, and is one of the world's oldest international newspapers It contains articles from The Guardian and its Sunday, sister paper The Observer, as well as reports, features and book reviews from The Washington Post and articles translated from France's Le Monde. The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Le Monde (The World is a

The Guardian Media Group also runs a multi-award winning website, guardian.co.uk. guardiancouk, formerly known as Guardian Unlimited, is a British website owned by the Guardian Media Group.

Stance

Editorial articles in The Guardian are generally to the left of the political spectrum. An editorial, leader (UK or leading article (UK is an article in a Newspaper or Magazine that expresses the opinion of the Editor A political spectrum (plural Spectra) is a way of modeling different political positions by placing them upon one or more geometric axes This is reflected in the paper's readership: a MORI poll taken between April and June 2000 showed that 80% of Guardian readers were Labour Party voters;^[2] according to another MORI poll taken in 2004, 44% of Guardian readers were Labour voters and 37% Liberal Democrat voters. Ipsos MORI is the second largest survey research organisation in the UK formed by two of the UK's leading companies in October 2005 The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Ipsos MORI is the second largest survey research organisation in the UK formed by two of the UK's leading companies in October 2005 The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the ^[3]

Founded by textile traders and merchants, The Guardian had a reputation as "an organ of the middle class",^[4] or in the words of C. The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power. P. Scott’s son Ted "a paper that will remain bourgeois to the last". ^[5] "I write for the Guardian," said Sir Max Hastings in 2005,^[6] "because it is read by the new establishment", reflecting the paper's growing influence. Sir Max Hastings, FRSL (born December 28, 1945) is a British Journalist, editor, Historian and Author

Three of the Guardian's four leader writers joined the Social Democratic Party on its foundation in 1981, but the paper was enthusiastic in its support for Tony Blair in his bid to lead the Labour Party,^[7] and to become Prime Minister. This is about the UK Social Democratic Party which existed between 1981 and 1988 Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to ^[8]

Format

Today, The Guardian is one of two British national daily newspapers, the other being the Daily Mail, to be printed in full colour, although the Northern Ireland edition still has some black-and-white pages. The Daily Mail is a British newspaper currently published in a tabloid format Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of ^[9] It was also the first newspaper in the UK to use the Berliner format. Berliner, or " midi " is a Newspaper format with pages normally measuring about 470 mm × 315 mm (18½  in × 12 The Guardian had a certified average daily circulation of 355,750 copies as of August 2007 – a drop of 5. A Newspaper 's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day 94% on the first month of the year; as compared to sales of 887,664 for the Daily Telegraph, 638,820 for The Times, and 239,834 for The Independent. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. ^[10]

Awards

It has been awarded the National Newspaper of the Year in 1999 and 2006 by the British Press Awards, as well as being co-winner of the World's Best-designed Newspaper as awarded by the Society for News Design (2006). The British Press Awards is an annual ceremony that celebrates the best of British Journalism. The Society for News Design (SND is an international organization for professionals working in the News sector of the Media industry, specifically those involved The guardian.co.uk website won the Best Newspaper category three years running in 2005, 2006 and 2007 Webby Awards, beating (in 2005) the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Wall Street Journal and Variety. guardiancouk, formerly known as Guardian Unlimited, is a British website owned by the Guardian Media Group. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Variety is a weekly entertainment trade newspaper founded in New York in 1905 by Sime Silverman ^[11] It has been the winner for six years in a row of the British Press Awards for Best Electronic Daily Newspaper. The British Press Awards is an annual ceremony that celebrates the best of British Journalism. ^[12] The site won an Eppy award from the US-based magazine Editor & Publisher in 2000 for the best-designed newspaper online service. Editor & Publisher (E&P is a monthly Journal covering the North American Newspaper industry Editor & Publisher (E&P is a monthly Journal covering the North American Newspaper industry ^[13] The website is known for its commentary on sporting events, particularly its over-by-over cricket commentary.

In 2007 it was ranked first in a study on transparency which analysed 25 mainstream English-language media vehicles, and which was conducted by the prestigious International Center for Media and the Public Agenda of the University of Maryland. The University of Maryland College Park (often referred to as The University of Maryland UMD, UMCP or simply Maryland) is a public research It got a nearly perfect score.

Ownership

The Guardian is part of the GMG Guardian Media Group of newspapers, radio stations, print media including The Observer Sunday newspaper, the Manchester Evening News, The Guardian Weekly international newspaper, and new media—Guardian Abroad website, and guardian.co.uk, one of the most popular online news resources on the Internet. Not to be confused with the Guardian Enterprise Group, an American media company (see. The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The The Manchester Evening News (also known as MEN Media) is an English daily Newspaper published each week day evening and on Saturdays The Guardian Weekly is a weekly Newspaper published by the Guardian Media Group, and is one of the world's oldest international newspapers Guardian Abroad is a website from The Guardian Weekly, part of Guardian Media Group. guardiancouk, formerly known as Guardian Unlimited, is a British website owned by the Guardian Media Group. All the aforementioned are owned by The Scott Trust, a charitable foundation which aims to ensure the newspaper's editorial independence in perpetuity, maintaining its financial health to ensure it does not become vulnerable to take over by for-profit media groups, and the serious compromise of editorial independence that this often brings. The Scott Trust is a British non-profit organisation which owns Guardian Media Group and thus The Guardian, The Observer Editorial independence is the freedom of editors to make decisions without interference from the owners of a publication

The Guardian has been consistently loss-making. The National Newspaper division of GMG, which also includes The Observer, reported operating losses of £49. 9m in 2006, up from £18. 6m in 2005. ^[14] The paper is therefore heavily dependent on cross-subsidisation from profitable companies within the group, including Auto Trader and the Manchester Evening News. Auto Trader is an automotive sales website and classified magazine located in many countries and is owned by the Trader Media Group.

The Guardian's ownership by the Scott Trust is likely a factor in its being the only British national daily to conduct (since 2003) an annual social, ethical and environmental audit in which it examines, under the scrutiny of an independent external auditor, its own behaviour as a company. The most general definition of an audit is an evaluation of a person organization system process project or product ^[15] It is also the only British daily national newspaper to employ an internal ombudsman (called the "readers' editor") to handle complaints and corrections.

The Guardian and its parent groups participate in Project Syndicate,^[16] established by George Soros, and intervened in 1995 to save the Mail & Guardian in South Africa, but Guardian Media Group sold the majority of its shares in the Mail & Guardian in 2002. Project Syndicate is an international not-for-profit newspaper syndicate and association of newspapers George Soros (ˈsɔroʊs or /ˈsɔrəs/ Hungarian ˈʃoroʃ (born August 12, 1930, in Budapest, Hungary, as György Schwartz) is The Mail & Guardian is a South African weekly investigative newspaper published by M&G Media in Johannesburg, South Africa, with a strong focus The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa

History

Political alignment and controversies

The Guardian's Newsroom visitor centre and archive (No 60), with an old sign with the name The Manchester Guardian

The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by a group of non-conformist businessmen headed by John Edward Taylor. Nonconformism is the refusal to conform to common standards conventions rules customs traditions norms or laws John Edward Taylor ( September 11, 1791 - January 6, 1844) was the founder of the Manchester Guardian newspaper later The prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that "it will zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty . . . it will warmly advocate the cause of Reform; it will endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy; and to support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, all serviceable measures. " According to a December, 2004 survey, 44% of Guardian readers voted in favour of Labour, 37% for the Liberal Democrats and only 5% for the Conservatives, the lowest percentage of any large British newspaper. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the ^[17]

The Manchester Guardian was hostile to the Unionist cause in the American civil war, writing on the news that Lincoln had been assassinated ‘of his rule, we can never speak except as a series of acts abhorrent to every true notion of constitutional right and human liberty’. ^[18]

Its most famous editor, C P Scott, made the Manchester Guardian into a nationally famous newspaper. Charles Prestwich Scott ( 26 October 1846 &ndash 1 January 1932) was a British journalist publisher and politician He was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylor's son in 1907. Under Scott the paper's moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886, and opposing the Second Boer War against popular opinion. See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans:

But Scott opposed the Suffragette movement for its direct action: ‘The really ludicrous position is that Mr Lloyd George is fighting to enfranchise seven million women and the militants are smashing unoffending people’s windows and breaking up benevolent societies' meetings in a desperate effort to prevent him. Suffragette is a term originally coined by the Daily Mail newspaper as a derogatory label for the more radical and Militant members of the ’ Scott thought the Suffragettes’ ‘courage and devotion’ was ‘worthy of a better cause and saner leadership’. ^[19]

Scott's friendship with Chaim Weizmann played a role in the Balfour Declaration, and in 1948 the Guardian was a supporter of the State of Israel. Chaim Azriel Weizmann ( Hebrew: חיים עזריאל ויצמן – November 27, 1874 &ndash November 9, 1952) was a Zionist Balfour Declaration of 1917 (dated November 2 1917) was a Classified formal statement of Policy by the British government stating For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Daphna Baram tells the story of the Guardian's relationship with the Zionist movement and Israel in the book "Disenchantment: The Guardian and Israel". History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the ^[20]

In June 1936 ownership of the paper passed to the Scott Trust (named after the last owner, John Russell Scott, who was the first chairman of the Trust). The Scott Trust is a British non-profit organisation which owns Guardian Media Group and thus The Guardian, The Observer This move ensured the paper's independence.

Traditionally affiliated with the centrist Liberal Party, and with a northern, non-conformist circulation base, the paper earned a national reputation and the respect of the left during the Spanish Civil War. The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the rise of the Labour Party in the 1920s and a third party Nonconformism is the refusal to conform to common standards conventions rules customs traditions norms or laws The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of With the pro-Liberal News Chronicle, the Labour-supporting Daily Herald, the Communist Party's Daily Worker and several Sunday and weekly papers, it supported the 'Republican' government against General Francisco Franco's insurgent 'nationalists'. The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the rise of the Labour Party in the 1920s and a third party The News Chronicle was a British daily Newspaper. It ceased publication in 1960 being absorbed into the Daily Mail. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the The Daily Herald was a British Newspaper, published in London from 1912 to 1964 (although it was weekly during the First World War The Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB was the largest Communist party in the United Kingdom, though it never became a mass party like the Communist parties of The Daily Worker was a newspaper published in New York City by the Communist Party USA, a Comintern -affiliated organization Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (born December 4, 1892 in Ferrol, died November 20, 1975 in Madrid The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation The paper so loathed Labour’s left wing champion Aneurin Bevan ‘and the hate-gospellers of his entourage’ that it called for Attlee’s post-war Labour government to be voted out of office. Aneurin Bevan, usually known as Nye Bevan ( 15 November 1897 &ndash 6 July 1960) was a Welsh Labour ^[21] Its anti-establishment stance fell short of opposing military intervention during the 1956 Suez Crisis: ‘The government is right to be prepared for military action at Suez’, because Egyptian control of the canal would be ‘commercially damaging for the West and perhaps part of a plan for creating a new Arab Empire based on the Nile'. The Suez Crisis, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression, (أزمة السويس - العدوان الثلاثي Crise du canal de Suez מבצע קדש Kadesh ^[22]

After 1959

When 14 Civil Rights demonstrators were killed on Bloody Sunday, 30 January 1972, in Northern Ireland, the Guardian blamed the protesters: ‘The organisers of the demonstration, Miss Bernadette Devlin among them, deliberately challenged the ban on marches. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. They knew that stone throwing and sniping could not be prevented, and that the IRA might use the crowd as a shield. ’ (Guardian, 1 February 1972^[23] ). Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Lord Widgery's enquiry into the killings was widely believed to have been a whitewash - the Guardian, however, declared that ‘Lord Widgery’s report is not one-sided’ (20 April 1972^[24]). Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Guardian also supported internment without trial in Northern Ireland: 'Internment without trial is hateful, repressive and undemocratic. In the existing Irish situation, most regrettably, it is also inevitable. . . . To remove the ringleaders, in the hope that the atmosphere might calm down, is a step to which there is no obvious alternative. ’ (Guardian leader, 10 August 1971) And before then, the Guardian had called for British troops to be sent to the province: British soldiers could ‘present a more disinterested face of law and order’ (leader, 15 August 1969), but only on condition that ‘Britain takes charge’ (leader, 4 August 1969). Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

In 1983 the paper was at the centre of a controversy surrounding documents regarding the stationing of cruise missiles in Britain that were leaked to the Guardian by civil servant Sarah Tisdall. A cruise missile is a guided Missile that carries an explosive payload and uses a lifting wing and a propulsion system usually a Jet engine, to allow Sarah Tisdall was a Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO clerical officer who was jailed at East Sutton Park in Kent for leaking British government documents to a The Guardian eventually complied with a court order to hand over the documents to the authorities, which resulted in a prison sentence for Tisdall.

The Guardian supported military action against Iraq in 1991: 'The simple cause, at the end, is just. An evil regime in Iraq instituted an evil and brutal invasion. Our soldiers and airmen are there, at UN behest, to set that evil right. Their duties are clear . . . let the momentum and the resolution be swift. ' (leader 17 January 1991). Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. After the event, journalist Maggie O'Kane conceded that she and other journalists had been a mouthpiece for war propaganda: 'we, the media, were harnessed like beach donkeys and led through the sand to see what the British and US military wanted us to see in this nice clean war. ’ (Guardian 16 December 1995)

In 1995, both the Granada Television programme World In Action and The Guardian were sued for libel by the then cabinet minister Jonathan Aitken, for their allegation that the Saudi Prince Mohammed bin Fahd had paid for Aitken and his wife to stay at the Hôtel Ritz in Paris, which would have amounted to accepting a bribe on Aitken's part. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Granada Television is the United Kingdom ITV contractor for North West England. World in Action was a current affairs series produced by Granada Television in the United Kingdom in the 25 years from 1963 to Jonathan William Patrick Aitken (born 30 August 1942 is a former Conservative Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom and British government minister The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi Mohammad bin Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud (الأمير محمد بن فهد بن عبدالعزيز السعود was born in Riyadh in January 1951 The Hôtel Ritz is a Hotel located at 15 Place Vendôme, in the heart of Paris, France. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Aitken publicly stated he would fight with "the simple sword of truth and the trusty shield of British fair play". ^[25] The court case proceeded, and in 1997 The Guardian produced evidence that Aitken's claim of his wife paying for the hotel stay was untrue. ^[26] In 1999, Aitken was jailed for perjury and perverting the course of justice. Perjury, also known as forswearing, is the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material matter under Oath or Affirmation in a In English or Irish Law, perversion of the course of justice is a criminal offence in which someone acts in a manner that in some way prevents Justice ^[27]

Since 2000

In the early 2000s the newspaper challenged the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Treason Felony Act 1848. The Act of Settlement is an act of the Parliament of England, originally filed in 1700 and passed in 1701 to settle the succession to the English throne The Treason Felony Act 1848 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (11 & 12 Vict ^[28][29]

The Guardian supported NATO's military intervention in the Kosovo War in 1999. The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 Though the United Nations Security Council did not support the attack, the Guardian insisted that ‘The only honourable course for Europe and America is to use military force’ (Leader, 23 March 1999). Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) More bluntly, Mary Kaldor headlined her piece ‘Bombs away!’ (25 March 1999). Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar)

Hugo Young warned ‘armchair critics of Nato’s strategy in Kosovo’ what was at stake: ‘the defeat of Nato by Yugoslavia is a prospect that cannot be contemplated’ (Guardian, 27 April 1999). Hugo John Smelter Young ( 13 October 1938 &ndash 22 September 2003) was a British Journalist and columnist and senior political Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The moral certainty about Nato was mirrored by a similarly low opinion of the country they were fighting over: ‘a god-forsaken, dirt-poor, hate-ridden blot on the map of Europe’, according to Polly Toynbee (Guardian,18 April 1999). Polly Toynbee (born Mary Louisa Toynbee on December 27, 1946) is a journalist and writer in the United Kingdom, and has been a Columnist

During the Afghanistan and Iraq wars The Guardian attracted a significant proportion of anti-war readers as one of the mass-media outlets most critical of UK and USA military initiatives. The War in Afghanistan, which began on October 7 2001 as the U The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia The Guardian did, however, endorse the argument that Iraq had to be disarmed of 'Weapons of Mass Destruction': ‘It is not credible to argue, as Iraq did in its initial reaction to Mr Powell [at the Security Council], that it is simply all lies. . . . Iraq must disarm. ’ (Guardian Leader, Thursday February 6, 2003) And the paper congratulated UK Prime Minister on his victory: 'For a leader who went to war in the absence of a single political ally who believed in the war as unreservedly as he did, Iraq now looks like a vindication on an astounding scale. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ' (Hugo Young, 13 April 2003)

Despite its early support for the Zionist movement, in recent decades The Guardian has often been perceived as critical of Israeli government policy. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. In December 2003 journalist Julie Burchill left the paper for The Times, citing this as one of the reasons for her move. Julie Burchill (born 3 July 1959 in Frenchay, Bristol) is an English Writer, renowned for her invective and often contentious The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. ^[30] She later accused The Guardian of being anti-semitic. ^[31] In a recent controversy, the paper has been accused by Harvard lawyer Alan Dershowitz of bias and an unwillingness to correct what he deemed a mis-statement of fact. Alan Morton Dershowitz (born September 1, 1938) is an American Lawyer, Jurist, and political commentator. ^[32] This allegation was denied by the Guardian's foreign editor, Harriet Sherwood, who says the paper aims to cover all viewpoints in the Israel-Palestine conflict. ^[33] On 6 June 2007 the paper commemorated the 40th anniversary of the Six Day War by giving equal space to the Israeli and Palestinian prime ministers to explain their views on the conflict and its legacy. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt ^[34][35]

In August 2004, for the US presidential election, the daily G2 supplement launched an experimental letter-writing campaign in Clark County, Ohio, a small county in a swing state. The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. For British letters to voters in Clark County in the 2004 Presidential election, see The Guardian Clark County is a County Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads A swing state (also battleground state or purple state) in United States G2 editor Ian Katz bought a voter list from the county for $25 and asked readers to write to people listed as undecided in the election, giving them an impression of the international view and the importance of making the correct decision. There was something of a backlash to this campaign. The paper scrapped Operation Clark County on 21 October 2004 after first publishing a column of vituperation under the headline 'Dear Limey assholes'. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " ^[36]

In October 2004 The Guardian published a humour column by Charlie Brooker in its entertainment guide, which appeared to call for the assassination of US President George W. Bush. Charlton Brooker, commonly known as Charlie Brooker, (born 3 March 1971 Reading, Berkshire) is a British Comedy writer, Cartoonist George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. ^[37] This caused some controversy and the paper was forced to issue an apology and remove the article from its website. ^[38]

Following the 7 July 2005 London bombings, The Guardian published an article on its comment pages by Dilpazier Aslam, a 27 year old British Muslim journalism trainee from Yorkshire. The 7 July 2005 London bombings (also called the 7/7 bombings) were a series of coordinated bomb blasts that hit London's public transport system during Dilpazier Aslam (born 1978 is a former trainee journalist with The Guardian. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. ^[39] Aslam was a member of Hizb ut-Tahrir, an Islamist group, and had published a number of articles on their website. Hizb ut-Tahrir (حزب التحرير Party of Liberation is an international Pan-Islamist, Sunni, vanguard political party whose goal is to combine all Muslim Islamism ( Islam + ism; Arabic: al-'islāmiyya) a set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only According to the paper, it did not know that Aslam was a member of Hizb ut-Tahrir when he applied to become a trainee, though several staff members were informed of this once he started at the paper. ^[40] The Home Office has claimed the group's "ultimate aim is the establishment of an Islamic state (Caliphate), according to Hizb ut-Tahrir via non-violent means". The Home Office is the United Kingdom government department responsible for security and order For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The Guardian asked Aslam to resign his membership of the group and, when he did not do so, terminated his employment. ^[41]

On 8 January 2007, an article in The Guardian read: "Romania's first gift to the European Union, a caucus of neo-fascists and Holocaust deniers", alluding to the fact that Romania and Bulgaria's joining of the European Union would allow for the formation of a far-right faction in the European Parliament. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. As Robin Shepherd, an expert on global integration and GMF political analyst, pointed out, many frowned upon the tone with which the English press wrote about Europe's newcomers. He asked: ". . . what is a high-level, pro-European Union newspaper playing at in headlining a report on the rise of hard-line nationalism with language that could itself be construed as pandering to xenophobia?"^[42]

The paper's comment and opinion pages, though dominated by centre-left writers and academics like Polly Toynbee, allow some space for right-of-centre voices such as Simon Jenkins. Sir Simon Jenkins (born 10 June 1943) is a British Newspaper Columnist currently associated with The Guardian

Format and distribution

The first edition was published on May 5, 1821,^[43] at which time the Guardian was a weekly, published on Saturdays and costing 7d. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year A penny (pl pence or pennies) is a Coin or a unit of Currency used in several English -speaking countries ; the stamp duty on newspapers (4d. Stamp duty is a form of Tax that is levied on documents Historically a physical stamp (a Tax stamp) had to be attached to or impressed upon the document to denote A penny (pl pence or pennies) is a Coin or a unit of Currency used in several English -speaking countries per sheet) forced the price up so high that it was uneconomic to publish more frequently. When the stamp duty was cut in 1836 the Guardian added a Wednesday edition; with the abolition of the tax in 1855 it became a daily paper costing 2d.

In 1952 the paper took the step of printing news on the front page, replacing the adverts that had hitherto filled that space. Then-editor A. P. Wadsworth wrote: "It is not a thing I like myself, but it seems to be accepted by all the newspaper pundits that it is preferable to be in fashion. "

The Guardian's offices in London

In 1959 the paper dropped "Manchester" from its title, becoming simply The Guardian, and in 1964 it moved to London, losing some of its regional agenda but continuing to be heavily subsidised by sales of the less intellectual but much more profitable Manchester Evening News. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Manchester Evening News (also known as MEN Media) is an English daily Newspaper published each week day evening and on Saturdays The financial position remained extremely poor into the 1970s; at one time it was in merger talks with The Times. The paper consolidated its centre-left stance during the 1970s and 1980s but was both shocked and revitalised by the launch of The Independent in 1986 which competed for a similar readership and provoked the entire broadsheet industry into a fight for circulation. The centre-left (or center-left) is a political term commonly used to describe or denote individuals political parties or organizations (such as Think The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media.

On 12 February 1988 The Guardian had a significant redesign; as well as improving the quality of its printers' ink, it also changed its masthead to the now familiar juxtaposition of an italic Garamond "The", with a bold Helvetica "Guardian", which remained in use until the 2005 redesign. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) In Typography, italic type /ɪˈtælɪk/ or /aɪˈtælɪk/ refers to cursive Typefaces based on a stylized form of calligraphic Handwriting. Garamond is the name given to a group of old style serif Typefaces named for the punch-cutter Claude Garamond (c Helvetica is the name of a widely used Sans-serif Typeface developed in 1957 by Swiss Typeface designer Max Miedinger.

In 1992 it relaunched its features section as G2, a tabloid-format supplement. This innovation was widely copied by the other "quality" broadsheets, and ultimately led to the rise of "compact" papers and The Guardian's move to the Berliner format. In 1993 the paper declined to participate in the broadsheet 'price war' started by Rupert Murdoch's The Times. is gay Bold text' Keith Rupert Murdoch', AC, KCSG (born Melbourne, March 11 1931 usually known as Rupert Murdoch, is an Australian-American In June 1993, The Guardian bought The Observer from Lonrho, thus gaining a serious Sunday newspaper partner with similar political views. The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The Lonmin plc () formerly Lonrho plc, is a producer of Platinum group metals operating in the Bushveld Complex of South Africa.

Its international weekly edition is now titled The Guardian Weekly, though it retained the title Manchester Guardian Weekly for some years after the home edition had moved to London. The Guardian Weekly is a weekly Newspaper published by the Guardian Media Group, and is one of the world's oldest international newspapers It includes sections from a number of other internationally significant newspapers of a somewhat left-of-centre inclination, including Le Monde. Le Monde (The World is a The Guardian Weekly is also linked to a website for expatriates Guardian Abroad. Guardian Abroad is a website from The Guardian Weekly, part of Guardian Media Group.

g24 is a constantly-updated electronic newspaper available free of charge. [3] It is downloadable as a PDF file. The contents come from The Guardian and its Sunday sibling The Observer. The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The

Moving to the Berliner paper format

In 2004, The Guardian announced plans to change to a "Berliner" or "midi" format similar to that used by the Die Tageszeitung and Le Monde in France and many other European papers; at 470×315 mm, this is slightly larger than a traditional tabloid. Berliner, or " midi " is a Newspaper format with pages normally measuring about 470 mm × 315 mm (18½  in × 12 Berliner, or " midi " is a Newspaper format with pages normally measuring about 470 mm × 315 mm (18½  in × 12 die tageszeitung (referred to commonly as taz) founded in 1978 in Berlin, is a cooperative-owned German daily Newspaper. Le Monde (The World is a A tabloid is a Newspaper industry term which refers to a smaller newspaper format per spread to a weekly or semi-weekly alternative newspaper that focuses on local-interest Planned for the autumn of 2005, this change was either a response to, or has the same cause as, the moves by The Independent and The Times to start publishing in tabloid (or compact) format. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. On Thursday 1 September 2005 The Guardian announced that it would launch the new format on Monday 12 September 2005. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[44] Sister Sunday newspaper The Observer went over to the same format on 8 January 2006. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

The advantage that The Guardian saw in the Berliner format was that though it is only a little wider than a tabloid, and is thus equally easy to read on public transport, its greater height gives more flexibility in page design. The new presses mean that printing can go right across the 'gutter', the strip down the middle of the centre page, allowing the paper to print striking double page pictures. The new presses also made the paper the first UK national able to print in full colour on every page.

The format switch was accompanied by a comprehensive redesign of the paper's look. On Friday 9 September 2005 the newspaper unveiled its new look front page, which débuted on Monday 12 September 2005. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Designed by Mark Porter, the new look includes a new masthead for the newspaper, its first since 1988. Mark Porter may refer to Mark Porter (designer (1960- British publication art director Mark Porter (doctor (1962- British television A masthead is a list usually found on the editorial page of a Newspaper or Magazine, of the members of the newspaper's Editorial board. A typeface family called Guardian Egyptian, designed by Paul Barnes and Christian Schwartz, was created for the new design. Paul Barnes (born 1970 Harlow, England) is a graphic design and typographer Christian Schwartz (born December 30, 1977 in Concord New Hampshire) is an American Type designer A graduate of the Communication No other typeface is used anywhere in the paper - all stylistic variations are based on various forms of Guardian Egyptian.

The switch cost Guardian Newspapers £80 million and involved setting up new printing presses in east London and Manchester. This was because, prior to the Guardian's move, no printing presses in the UK could produce newspapers in the Berliner format. There were additional complications as one of the Guardian's presses was part-owned by Telegraph Newspapers and Express Newspapers, and it was contracted to use the plant until 2009. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. The Daily Express is a conservative Middle-market British Tabloid Newspaper. Another press was shared with the Guardian Media Group's north western tabloid local papers, which did not wish to switch to the Berliner format. Not to be confused with the Guardian Enterprise Group, an American media company (see.

The new format was generally well received by Guardian readers, who were encouraged to provide feedback on the changes. The only controversy was over the dropping of the Doonesbury cartoon strip. Doonesbury is a Comic strip by G B Trudeau that chronicles the adventures and lives of a vast array of different characters of different ages professions The Guardian reported thousands of calls and emails complaining about its loss and within 24 hours, the decision was reversed and the strip was reinstated the following week. G2 section editor Ian Katz, who was responsible for dropping it, apologised in the editors' blog saying, "I'm sorry, once again, that I made you - and the hundreds of fellow fans who have called our helpline or mailed our comments' address - so cross". ^[45] Some readers are however dissatisfied as the earlier deadline needed for the all-colour sports section has meant that coverage of late-finishing evening football matches is less satisfactory than before the redesign in the editions supplied to some parts of the country.

The investment was rewarded with a circulation rise. In December 2005, the average daily sale stood at 380,693, nearly 6% higher than the figure for December 2004. ^[46] In 2006, the US-based Society for News Design chose The Guardian and Polish daily Rzeczpospolita as the world's best-designed newspapers – from among 389 entries from 44 countries. The Society for News Design (SND is an international organization for professionals working in the News sector of the Media industry, specifically those involved Rzeczpospolita ( is one of Poland 's large nationwide daily Newspapers with a circulation of 160000 although a few years ago it reached even 260000 ^[47]

Supplements and features

The Saturday edition of The Guardian includes some sections of varying sizes. Jackie Ashley (born September 10, 1954) is a British journalist and broadcaster Nancy Banks-Smith is a British Television Critic; she began writing for The Guardian in 1969 Marcel Berlins is a legal commentator who is best known for his weekly column in The Guardian newspaper Charlton Brooker, commonly known as Charlie Brooker, (born 3 March 1971 Reading, Berkshire) is a British Comedy writer, Cartoonist Guy Browning (born 1964 is a humorist and after-dinner speaker Madeleine Bunting is a English journalist and writer who is an Associate Editor and columnist on The Guardian. Simon Phillip Hugh Callow, CBE (born 15 June 1949) is an English stage, Film and Television Actor Alexander Chancellor (born January 1940 is a British journalist Gavyn Davies, OBE (born 27 November 1950) was the Chairman of the BBC from 2001 until 2004 a former Goldman Sachs banker Larry Elliott is a British Journalist and Author focusing on Economic issues Jonathan Saul Freedland (born February 25 1967) is a British Journalist, who writes a weekly column for The Guardian and Hadley Freeman is the deputy fashion editor for The Guardian, who also contributes to the UK version of Vogue. Stephen John Fry (born 24 August 1957 is an English Humorist, Writer, Wit, Actor, Novelist, filmmaker Timothy Garton Ash CMG, (born 12 July, 1955) is the British author of eight books of political writing or ‘history of the present’ which Ben Goldacre is a British doctor and Journalist, and the author of the The Guardian newspaper's weekly Bad Science column Roy Sydney George Hattersley Baron Hattersley, PC, (born 28 December 1932 is a British Labour Party Politician, published author and journalist Simon David Hoggart (born 26 May 1946) is an English Journalist and broadcaster. Marina Hyde (née Marina Dudley-Williams is a columnist for the British newspaper The Guardian, where she writes on Celebrity, sport and general comment Sir Simon Jenkins (born 10 June 1943) is a British Newspaper Columnist currently associated with The Guardian Victor Keegan (born 1940 is a British Journalist and Author focusing on economics and Technology issues Martin Kelner is a Journalist, Author, Comedian and Radio Presenter, born in Prestwich, Bury, and educated Martin James Kettle (born September 7, 1949) is a British Journalist and Author. Mark Gerard Lawson (born April 11, 1962) is an English journalist broadcaster and author Maureen Diane Lipman CBE (born 10 May, 1946) is a British film Theatre and television actress, Columnist Lucy Mangan is a freelance columnist who writes articles and regular columns for The Guardian. David McKie (born 1935 is a British Journalist and Historian. George Joshua Richard Monbiot (born 27 January, 1963) is a left-wing Journalist, Author, Academic and environmental Peter Preston (born 23 May 1938 in Leicestershire) is a British Journalist and author Jon Ronson (born 10 May 1967) is a Cardiff -born journalist author Documentary filmmaker and radio presenter John Sutherland may refer to John Sutherland (author John Sutherland (Canadian writer (1919-1956 John Sutherland (physician Polly Toynbee (born Mary Louisa Toynbee on December 27, 1946) is a journalist and writer in the United Kingdom, and has been a Columnist Xinran Xue is a British - Chinese Journalist and broadcaster, born in Beijing in 1958 Gary Younge (born 1969 in Hitchin, UK) is a British journalist and author born to immigrant parents from Barbados.

The Guardian from the 21 January 2007 including the G2 supplement

On each weekday The Guardian comes with the G2 supplement containing feature articles, columns, television and radio listings, and the quick crossword. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Since the change to the Berliner format, there is a separate daily Sport section. Other regular supplements during the week include:

Monday

MediaGuardian, Office Hours

Tuesday

EducationGuardian

Wednesday

SocietyGuardian (covers the British public sector and related issues)

Thursday

TechnologyGuardian

Friday

Film & Music

Saturday

The Guide (a weekly listings magazine), Weekend (the colour supplement), Review (covers literature), Money, Work, Graduate, Travel and Family. The public sector is the part of economic and administrative life that deals with the delivery of goods and services by and for the Government, whether national Regional A listings magazine is a magazine which contains information about the upcoming weeks events such as TV Listings, Music, Clubs, Theatre Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter

Though the main news section was in the large broadsheet format, the supplements were all in the half-sized tabloid format, with the exception of the glossy Weekend section which was a 290×245 mm magazine and The Guide which was in a small 225×145 mm format. A tabloid is a Newspaper industry term which refers to a smaller newspaper format per spread to a weekly or semi-weekly alternative newspaper that focuses on local-interest

With the change of the main section to the Berliner format, the specialist sections are now printed as Berliner, as is a now-daily Sports section, but G2 has moved to a "magazine-sized" demi-Berliner format. A Thursday Technology section and daily science coverage in the news section replaced Life and Online. Weekend and The Guide are still in the same small formats as before the change.

On Monday to Thursday, the supplements carry substantial quantities of recruitment advertising as well as editorial on their specialised topics.

Regular columns

• Country Diary (natural history)
• Notes & Queries
• Whatever happened to . Country Diary is a daily Natural history column in the English newspaper The Guardian, first published in November 1906 Natural history is the Scientific research of Plants or Animals leaning more towards the Observational than Experimental methods Notes & Queries (always with an Ampersand, both on paper and online is a weekly column in The Guardian Newspaper which publishes readers' . . (following up a "forgotten news story" based on reader suggestions)
• The Digested Read, in which John Crace writes a 500-word satirical synopsis of a recently published book. John Crace is a British journalist writing for The Guardian. Crace is probably best known for his "The Digested Read" column in which he reviews new
• Ask Hadley - fashion advice from Hadley Freeman
• Two wheels, a column about cycling written by Matt Seaton

Regular cartoon strips

• If...
• Doonesbury
• Perry Bible Fellowship
• A Softer World
• Loomus, by Steven Appleby (Saturday, in the Family section)
• Media Tarts (Monday, in the Media section)
• Clare in the Community (Wednesday, in the Society section)
• Home-Clubber (Saturday, in the Guide section)
• The Pitchers, by Berger & Wyse (Friday, in the Film and Music section). Hadley Freeman is the deputy fashion editor for The Guardian, who also contributes to the UK version of Vogue. If is an ongoing political Comic strip which appears in the UK newspaper The Guardian, written and drawn by Steve Bell since Doonesbury is a Comic strip by G B Trudeau that chronicles the adventures and lives of a vast array of different characters of different ages professions The Perry Bible Fellowship (or PBF) is a Newspaper comic strip and Webcomic by Nicholas Gurewitch A Softer World is a thrice weekly Webcomic by Canadians Joey Comeau and Emily Horne Steven Appleby is a cartoonist and illustrator living in Britain Clare in the Community is a British Comic strip in The Guardian newspaper written by Harry Venning. Modern Toss is a British series of cartoon booklets and books aimed at adults and a television series based on them Berger & Wyse also produce a weekly cartoon for the food pages of Weekend magazine.

Editorial cartoonists Martin Rowson and Steve Bell get frequent hate mail for their treatment of controversial topics. An editorial cartoonist, also known as a political cartoonist, is an artist who draws Cartoons that contain some level of political or social commentary Martin George Edmund Rowson (born 15 February 1959) is a British Cartoonist Steve Bell (born 26 February 1951 is an English political Cartoonist, whose work appears in The Guardian and other publications ^[48]

Online media

Main article: guardian.co.uk

The Guardian and its Sunday sibling, The Observer publish all their news online, with free access both to current news and an archive of three million stories. guardiancouk, formerly known as Guardian Unlimited, is a British website owned by the Guardian Media Group. A third of the site's hits are for items over a month old. ^[49] The website also offers a free printable A4 format PDF 24-hour newspaper, G24^[50] – made up of the top stories – and, for a monthly subscription, the complete newspaper in PDF format. It is the second-most popular UK newspaper site^[51] with more than 18. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located 5 million users a month, compared with the top site telegraph.co.uk's 18. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. 6 million.

The Guardian also has a number of talkboards that are noted for their mix of political discussion and whimsy. They were spoofed in the Guardian's own regular humorous Chatroom column in G2. The spoof column purported to be excerpts from a chatroom on permachat.co.uk, a real URL which points to The Guardian's talkboards.

In the 'Comment is Free' section the public is invited to join in rigorous and sometimes bad-tempered debates about political issues. Comment is free, often abbreviated as CiF is a comment and political opinion site from Guardian Unlimited. The section is comprised of Guardian columns and online pieces by other contributors, many of whom end up facing heavy criticism from readers. Notable writers who came in for criticism include:

• Radio DJ Mike Read upon declaring his support for Boris Johnson in the 2008 London Mayor election ^[52]
• Max Gogarty's travel blog about his trip to India and Thailand, after it was discovered that his father, Paul Gogarty, had also written travel articles for the Guardian, raising charges of nepotism ^[53]

The Guardian has also launched a dating website, Soulmates,^[54] and is experimenting with new media, having previously offered a free twelve part weekly Podcast series by Ricky Gervais. This article is about the broadcaster For those with an identical-sounding but differently-spelled name see Mike Reid. Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson (born 19 June 1964 is a British Politician and Journalist. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Nepotism is the showing of favoritism toward relatives and friends based upon that relationship rather than on an objective evaluation of ability Meritocracy or suitability A podcast is a series of audio or Video digital-media files which is distributed over the Internet by syndicated Download Ricky Dene Gervais (dʒɜːˈveɪz born 25 June 1961 is an English Actor, Comedian, Writer, director, Producer and former ^[55] In January 2006 Gervais' show topped the iTunes podcast chart having been downloaded by two million listeners worldwide,^[56] and is scheduled to be listed in the 2007 Guinness Book of Records as the most downloaded Podcast. iTunes is a proprietary digital media player application introduced by Apple Inc Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U ^[57]

GuardianFilms

In 2003, The Guardian started GuardianFilms, headed by award-winning journalist Maggie O'Kane. Maggie O'Kane &ndash once an award winning foreign correspondent with the London 's Guardian daily newspaper who notably filed graphic stories from Much of the company's output is documentary made for television – and it has included Salam Pax's Baghdad Blogger for BBC Two's daily flagship Newsnight, some of which have been shown in compilations by CNN International, Sex On The Streets and Spiked, both made for the UK's Channel 4 television. Salam Pax (aka Salam al-Janabi, سلام الجنابي is a Pseudonymous blogger from Iraq whose site "Where is Raed?" received notable Salam Pax (aka Salam al-Janabi, سلام الجنابي is a Pseudonymous blogger from Iraq whose site "Where is Raed?" received notable For the CNN programme see NewsNight with Aaron Brown Newsnight is a British daily News analysis Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began [4]

' GuardianFilms was born in a sleeping bag in the Burmese rainforest,' wrote O'Kane in 2003. Rainforests are Forests characterized by high Rainfall with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between 1750–2000 mm (68-78 inches [5] 'I was a foreign correspondent for the paper, and it had taken me weeks of negotiations, dealing with shady contacts and a lot of walking to reach the cigar-smoking Karen twins - the boy soldiers who were leading attacks against the country's ruling junta. After I had reached them and written a cover story for the newspaper's G2 section, I got a call from the BBC's documentary department, which was researching a film on child soldiers. Could I give them all my contacts?

'The plight of the Karen people, who were forced into slave labour in the rainforest to build pipelines for oil companies (some of them British), was a tale of human suffering that needed to be told by any branch of the media that was interested. I handed over all the names and numbers I had, as well as details of the secret route through Thailand to get into Burma. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Good girl. Afterwards - and not for the first time – it seemed to me that we at the Guardian should be using our resources ourselves. Instead of providing contact numbers for any independent TV company prepared to get on the phone to a journalist, we should make our own films. '

The Guardian in popular culture

The nickname The Grauniad for the paper originated with the satirical magazine Private Eye. Private Eye is a fortnightly British satirical Magazine, edited by Ian Hislop. It came about because of its reputation for frequent and sometimes unintentionally amusing typographical errors, hence the popular myth that the paper once misspelled its own name on the page one masthead as The Gaurdian, though many recall the more inventive The Grauniad. The domain grauniad. co. uk is registered to the Guardian, and redirects to its Website.

The very first issue of the newspaper contained a number of errors, perhaps the most notable being a notification that there would soon be some goods sold at atction instead of auction. There are fewer typographical errors in the paper since the end of hot-metal typesetting – to maintain a tradition, the daily 'Corrections and clarifications' column lists even the smallest mistakes. Hot metal typesetting (also called hot lead typesetting or simply hot metal) is a term used to encompass a range of different 19th century technologies to create

Until the founding of the Independent, the Guardian was Britain's only 'serious' national daily newspaper to support centrist or centre-left politics. The term "Guardian reader" has been used pejoratively by those who do not agree with the paper – and self-deprecatingly by those who do.

The Guardian's science coverage is extensive. Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding The paper also appears to have moved away from covering alternative therapies. Its Weekend supplement featured a column by Emma Mitchell, a natural health therapist, until August 2006 and G2 was, until the relaunch, home to Edzard Ernst's weekly column on complementary medicine (Ernst is professor of complementary medicine at the Plymouth, Devon-based Peninsula Medical School,^[58]), the paper now carries the debunking Bad Science column^[59] by Ben Goldacre which has been the source of a recent controversy over the efficacy of homeopathy. Edzard Ernst is the first Professor of Complementary Medicine in the United Kingdom. Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name In the United Kingdom, medical school generally refers to a department within a University which is involved in the education of future medical practitioners Ben Goldacre is a British doctor and Journalist, and the author of the The Guardian newspaper's weekly Bad Science column This article has been the subject of edit wars and has been placed on probation

Reader stereotype

There are many stereotypes, but perhaps the most prominent is that of the Labour-voting middle-class Guardian reader with centre-left/left-wing politics rooted in the 1960s, working in the public sector or academia, sometimes eating lentils and muesli, living in north London (especially Camden and Islington), wearing sandals, sometimes believing in alternative medicine and natural medicine though more often atheistic or non-religious and rational. The lentil or daal or pulse ( Lens culinaris) is a bushy Annual plant of the legume family grown for its lens-shaped Seeds Muesli is a popular Breakfast cereal based on uncooked Rolled oats, fruit and nuts London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The London Borough of Camden ( is a borough of London, England, which forms part of Inner London. Islington is the central district of the London Borough of Islington. Sandals are an open type of Footwear, consisting of a sole held to the wearer's foot by straps or thongs passing over the instep and around the ankle The term alternative medicine, as used in the modern western world encompasses any healing practice "that does not fall within the realm of conventional Medicine. Naturopathic medicine (also known as naturopathy, or natural medicine) is a Complementary and alternative medicine which emphasizes the body's intrinsic It has been shown that the majority of university students in the UK read the Guardian. This might be illustrated by Labour MP Kevin Hughes's largely rhetorical question in the House of Commons on November 19, 2001:

"Does my Right Hon. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Kevin Michael Hughes ( 15 December 1952 &ndash 16 July 2006) was a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Friend find it bizarre — as I do — that the yoghurt- and muesli-eating, Guardian-reading fraternity are only too happy to protect the human rights of people engaged in terrorist acts, but never once do they talk about the human rights of those who are affected by them?"^[60]

The Guardian's cartoon strips by Posy Simmonds during the 1980s satirised the paper's stereotype reader, relating events in the life of, among others, former nurse Wendy Weber and her polytechnic sociology lecturer husband George. Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion Rosemary Elizabeth "Posy" Simmonds MBE (born 9 August 1945) is a British Newspaper Cartoonist and Writer

The stereotype of the Guardian reader is, however, a persistent feature of British political discourse. A stereotype (from Greek: stereo + týpos = "solid impression" is a generalized perception of first impressions behaviors presumed by a group Doctors have used the "doctor slang" acronym GROLIES (Guardian Reader Of Low Intelligence in Ethnic Skirt) on patient notes. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health ^[61]

April Fool content

The Guardian, along with other British news outlets, has a tradition of spoof articles on April Fool's Day, sometimes contributed by regular advertisers such as BMW. A parody (ˈpɛɹədiː US, [ˈpaɹədiː] UK) in contemporary usage is a work created to mock comment on or poke fun at an original work its subject This article is about the informal holiday For other uses see April Fool. ( BMW) (Bavarian Motor Works is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916 The most elaborate of these was a travel supplement on San Serriffe, whilst an article in the Guardian dated April 1, 2006 written by one Olaf Priol suggested that Chris Martin of Coldplay would be supporting the Conservatives at the next General Election and had already written a campaign song for them. San Serriffe is a Fictional Island nation created for April Fools' Day, 1977, by staff members of Britain's Guardian Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Christopher Anthony John Martin (born 2 March 1977 is the English lead Singer-songwriter, Pianist, and occasional rhythm Guitarist of the Coldplay TalkColdplay#Is_or_Are_dispute_again The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. A general election is an Election in which all or most members of a given political body are up for election Olaf Priol is an anagram of April Fool. An anagram ( Greek anagramma 'letters written anew' passive participle of ana- 'again' + gramma 'letter' is a type of Word play

References in fiction

• In the play Hobson's Choice Henry Horatio Hobson worries that his reputation will be in tatters after 'trespassing'. Hobson's Choice is a play by Harold Brighouse, the title coming from the popular expression Hobson's choice — meaning no choice at all Trespass (Fr trespas a crime properly a stepping across from Lat He comments that if the news were to be intercepted by the Manchester Guardian then everyone would know.
• The 1984 Christmas special of Yes Minister shows a number of newspapers tipping Jim Hacker as the next Prime Minister including The Guardian misspelled as The Gaurdian in the header. Yes Minister is a multi-award winning satirical British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted In Episode 6 a group of pro-badger protesters tell Jim Hacker that the Guardian told them the area they are fighting to save has been inhabited by badgers for generations. Badger is the Common name for any animal of three subfamilies which belong to the family Mustelidae: the same Mammal family as the Doctor James 'Jim' George Hacker Baron Hacker of Islington KG PC, BSc (Lond In fact Hacker points out jokingly the "bodgers" have lived there for "generators", satirising the Guardian's reputation for spelling errors.
• In Episode 4 of the second series of Yes, Prime Minister, Jim Hacker says:

"I know exactly who reads the papers: The Daily Mirror is read by people who think they run the country; The Guardian is read by people who think they ought to run the country; The Times is read by people who actually do run the country; The Daily Mail is read by the wives of the people who run the country; The Financial Times is read by people who own the country; The Morning Star is read by people who think the country ought to be run by another country; and The Daily Telegraph is read by people who think it is. Yes Minister is a multi-award winning satirical British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted Doctor James 'Jim' George Hacker Baron Hacker of Islington KG PC, BSc (Lond The Daily Mirror, often referred to simply as The Mirror, is a British Tabloid daily Newspaper founded in 1903 The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. The Daily Mail is a British newspaper currently published in a tabloid format The Financial Times ( FT) is a British international business Newspaper. For other uses see Morning Star. The Morning Star is a left-wing, British daily Newspaper, set in a The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. "

Sir Humphrey: "Prime Minister, what about the people who read The Sun?"

Bernard Woolley: "Sun readers don't care who runs the country, as long as she's got big tits. Sir Humphrey Appleby, GCB, KBE, MVO, MA (Oxon ( April 5, 1929 &ndash December 26, 2001) is one The Sun is a Tabloid daily newspaper published in the United Kingdom and Ireland with the highest circulation of any daily English-language Sir Bernard Woolley (born September 2, 1937) is one of the three main fictional characters of the 1980s British sitcom Yes Minister "

• In the Young Ones episode "Boring," Rick eagerly notes that The Guardian has an article on how to get an increased student grant. The Young Ones was a popular British sitcom, first seen in 1982, on BBC2. Unfortunately the paper has totally mangled the spelling of a key part of it, leaving Rick with no idea how to get the increased grant. Worse still, the misspelling happens to sound the same as a Satanic chant, so that when Neil repeats what Rick read out loud he accidentally summons a demon who tries to kill everyone there.
• In the Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy, an entire planet goes into hibernation to wait out a galactic recession, only reviving themselves when the stock market reaches a satisfactorily high level for their needs. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a science fiction comedy series "Arthur Dent, a regular Guardian reader, was deeply shocked by this", adding later about space: "There's so much of it, and so little in it, it sometimes reminds me of The Observer". For the Australian political activist see Albert Langer Arthur Philip Dent is a Fictional character, the hapless Protagonist The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The
• In the Sandy Duncan episode in the first season of The Muppet Show, Statler demonstrates his extreme age by using the pre-1959 name:

Waldorf: Statler, do you 'get' the banana sketch?

Statler: No, I get The New York Times and The Manchester Guardian. Sandra Kay "Sandy" Duncan (born February 20, 1946) is an American Singer and actress of stage and Television The Muppet Show is an American Television program featuring a cast of Muppets which was produced by Jim Henson and his team from Statler and Waldorf are a fictional pair of Muppet characters

• In the 2006 film American Dreamz, the US president played by Dennis Quaid is known for not reading the papers, until he starts reading the Guardian. American Dreamz is a 2006 comedy / parody film that satirizes both American Politics and Popular entertainment
• In the film, The Bourne Ultimatum, Jason Bourne (Matt Damon) is mentioned in an article published in The Guardian and a reporter working for the newspaper itself plays a key role in the film. The Bourne Ultimatum is a 2007 Spy film directed by Paul Greengrass and loosely based on the Robert Ludlum novel of the same name.

In the Season Six episode of 'The West Wing' (2004) entitled 'The Wake Up Call', Assistant White House Press Secretary Annabeth Schott, portrayed by Kristen Chenowith, responds to a reporter quoting a damning allegation by The Guardian, stating 'Well, the British papers can be a little dodgy'.

Literary and media awards

The Guardian is the sponsor of two major literary awards: The Guardian First Book Award, established in 1999 as a successor to the Guardian Fiction Award which had run since 1965, and the Guardian Children's Fiction Prize, founded in 1967. Guardian First Book Award issued before 1999 as Guardian Fiction Prize or Guardian Fiction Award is awarded to new writing in Fiction and Non-fiction Guardian First Book Award issued before 1999 as Guardian Fiction Prize or Guardian Fiction Award is awarded to new writing in Fiction and Non-fiction The Guardian Children's Fiction Prize or Guardian Award is a prominent award for works of Children's literature by British or Commonwealth authors published in the In recent years it has also sponsored the Hay Festival in Hay-on-Wye. The Hay Festival of Literature & Arts is an annual literature festival held in Hay-on-Wye, Wales for ten days from May to June Hay-on-Wye (Y Gelli Gandryll or Y Gelli) often described as "the town of books " is a small Market town in Powys, Wales

The annual Guardian Student Media Awards, founded in 1999, recognise excellence in journalism and design of British university and college student newspapers, magazines and websites. The Guardian Student Media Awards are an annual UK-wide student journalism competition run by The Guardian newspaper A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects A student newspaper is a Newspaper run by Students of a University, High school, Middle school, or other school

In memory of Paul Foot, who died in 2004, The Guardian and Private Eye jointly set up the "Paul Foot Award", with an annual £10,000 prize fund, for investigative/campaigning journalism. Paul Mackintosh Foot ( 8 November 1937 in Palestine &ndash 18 July 2004 at Stansted Airport) was a British investigative Private Eye is a fortnightly British satirical Magazine, edited by Ian Hislop. ^[62] John Sweeney of the Daily Mail won the first prize of £5,000 in 2005, and David Harrison picked up the 2006 award for his investigation into sex trafficking in Eastern Europe published in The Sunday Telegraph. John Sweeney is an award-winning Journalist and Author, currently working as an Investigative journalist for the BBC 's Panorama The Daily Mail is a British newspaper currently published in a tabloid format The Sunday Telegraph is a British Broadsheet newspaper, founded in 1961

From a "long list" of 17 entries for the 2007 award, the seven judges – Brian McArthur (Chair), Ian Hislop, Alan Rusbridger, Bill Hagerty, Clare Fermont, Jeremy Dear and Richard Ingrams – shortlisted seven nominations:

1. Phil Baty, The Times Higher Education Supplement
2. Paul Keilthy, Camden New Journal
3. David Leigh and Rob Evans, The Guardian
4. Rob Waugh, Yorkshire Post
5. The Salford Star
6. Richard Brooks, Private Eye and
7. Deborah Wain, Doncaster Free Press^[63]

The 2007 "Paul Foot Award" was announced at the Media and Spin Bar, Millbank Tower on Monday, 15 October 2007. Ian David Hislop (born 13 July 1960) is an British Comedian, Scriptwriter and Editor of satirical magazine Alan Rusbridger (born 29 December 1953 in Northern Rhodesia) is the son of the late G H Rusbridger the Director of Education Jeremy Dear is the General Secretary of the National Union of Journalists in Great Britain and Ireland. Richard Ingrams (born August 19, 1937) was a co-founder and second editor of the British satirical Magazine Private Eye A short list is a list of candidates for a job prize award political position etc Times Higher Education ( THE) formerly The Times Higher Education Supplement ( THES) is a magazine based The Camden New Journal is a free independent newspaper that covers the London Borough of Camden. The Yorkshire Post is a daily Broadsheet Newspaper, published in Leeds, England by Yorkshire Post Newspapers, a company Private Eye is a fortnightly British satirical Magazine, edited by Ian Hislop. The Doncaster Free Press is a weekly newspaper in Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England. Millbank Tower is a high Skyscraper in Central London at 21-24 Millbank Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The top prize of £5,000 was shared by Deborah Wain, Doncaster Free Press and by David Leigh and Rob Evans, The Guardian. The Doncaster Free Press is a weekly newspaper in Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England. The remaining five nominees – Phil Baty, Richard Brooks, Paul Keilthy, Rob Waugh and free magazine, The Salford Star – were each awarded a £1,000 prize. ^[64]

Editors

• John Edward Taylor (1821 – 1844)
• Jeremiah Garnett (1844 – 1861) (jointly with Russell Scott Taylor in 1847 – 1848)
• Edward Taylor (1861 – 1872)
• Charles Prestwich Scott (1872 – 1929)
• Ted Scott (1929 – 1932)
• William Percival Crozier (1932 – 1944)
• Alfred Powell Wadsworth (1944 – 1956)
• Alastair Hetherington (1956 – 1975)
• Peter Preston (1975 – 1995)
• Alan Rusbridger (1995 – present)

Notable regular contributors (past and present)

The Newsroom archive

The Guardian and its sister newspaper The Observer also provide The Newsroom, a visitor centre in London. Ben Hammersley (born April 3, 1976, in Leicester, England) is a British Journalist, broadcaster, Photographer Clifford Harper (born July 13, 1949) is an Artist who describes himself as a "committed Anarchist " and Cartoonist. Sir Max Hastings, FRSL (born December 28, 1945) is a British Journalist, editor, Historian and Author Roy Sydney George Hattersley Baron Hattersley, PC, (born 28 December 1932 is a British Labour Party Politician, published author and journalist Isabel Hilton (born 1949 in Aberdeen) is a Scottish journalist and broadcaster based in London. Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse ( September 8, 1864 - June 21, 1929) was a British liberal politician one of the theorists of John Atkinson Hobson ( July 6, 1858 – April 1, 1940) commonly known as John A Tom Hodgkinson is a British writer and the editor of The Idler. Will Hodgkinson is a journalist and author from London England Simon David Hoggart (born 26 May 1946) is an English Journalist and broadcaster. Clare Hollingworth (born October 10, 1911) is a famous British War correspondent. Marina Hyde (née Marina Dudley-Williams is a columnist for the British newspaper The Guardian, where she writes on Celebrity, sport and general comment Cyril Lionel Robert James ( 4 January 1901 &ndash 19 May 1989) was an Afro- Trinidadian Journalist Waldemar Januszczak (born 12 January 1954) is a British art critic Sir Simon Jenkins (born 10 June 1943) is a British Newspaper Columnist currently associated with The Guardian Stanley Patrick Johnson (born 18 August 1940 in Cornwall) is a British politician and author and a noted expert on environmental and population Alex Kapranos ( Greek: Άλεξ Καπράνος born Alexander Paul Kapranos Huntley, March 20, 1972 in Almondsbury, Gloucestershire Arthur Koestler CBE ( September 5, 1905, Budapest &ndash March 3, 1983, London) was a Aleks Krotoski is an academic and journalist who writes about and studies technology and interactivity Rod Liddle (born Roderick EL Liddle 1960 is a British Journalist best known for his term as editor of BBC Radio 4 's ''Today'' programme. Sue Limb (born 1946 Hitchin, Hertfordshire) is a British writer and broadcaster Maureen Diane Lipman CBE (born 10 May, 1946) is a British film Theatre and television actress, Columnist Derek Malcolm (born May 12, 1932) is a British film critic and historian educated at Eton College and Oxford University. Johnjoe McFadden (born 17 May 1956 in Donegal, Ireland) is an Irish / British scientist academic and writer Gareth McLean is a Scottish journalist who writes for The Guardian newspaper and the Radio Times magazine George Joshua Richard Monbiot (born 27 January, 1963) is a left-wing Journalist, Author, Academic and environmental Charles Edward Montague, ( 1 January 1867 &ndash 28 May 1928) was an English Journalist, known also as a writer of Thomas Malcolm Muggeridge ( Croydon, England 24 March 1903 &ndash 14 November 1990) was a British Journalist James (" Jim " Naughtie (born 9 August 1952) is a Scottish journalist and radio news presenter for the BBC Richard Norton Taylor (born June 6 1944) is Security Affairs Editor of The Guardian. Maggie O'Kane &ndash once an award winning foreign correspondent with the London 's Guardian daily newspaper who notably filed graphic stories from Susie Orbach is a Feminist Psychologist and writer on women's psychology Gregory Allyn Palast (born 1952 is a New York Times -bestselling author and a journalist for the British Broadcasting Corporation as well as David Pallister is an investigative journalist with The Guardian. Sir Michael Parkinson, CBE (born March 28 1935) is an English broadcaster and Journalist. Salam Pax (aka Salam al-Janabi, سلام الجنابي is a Pseudonymous blogger from Iraq whose site "Where is Raed?" received notable Jim Perrin is a British rock climber and Travel writer. As a writer he has made regular contributions to a number of newspapers and climbing magazines Melanie Phillips (born June 4 1951) is a British Columnist and Author. John Richard Pilger (born October 9, 1939) is a multi-award-winning Australian born journalist and documentary filmmaker from Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya ( Анна Степановна Политковская) (30 August 1958 – 7 October 2006 was a Russian Journalist, author and Peter Preston (born 23 May 1938 in Leicestershire) is a British Journalist and author Arthur Mitchell Ransome (born 18 January 1884 in Leeds - died 3 June 1967) was an English author and journalist Andrew Nicholas James Rawnsley (born January 5, 1962) is a British political journalist and broadcaster Brian Redhead ( 28 December 1929 - 23 January 1994) was a British author journalist and broadcaster James Hengist Reeve is a UK broadcaster journalist Raconteur and radio phone-in host based in the Manchester area Jon Ronson (born 10 May 1967) is a Cardiff -born journalist author Documentary filmmaker and radio presenter Michael Walter William Selvey (born April 25, 1948, Chiswick, Middlesex) is a former England Cricketer and now cricket Paul Sheehan (born October 19, 1968) is a British born Canadian Journalist who specializes in Pop culture. Frank Sidebottom is the stage name and persona of the English comedian and musician Chris Sievey. Michael Simkins, born 4 February 1957 is an English Actor from Brighton, Sussex. Jean Stead Formerly national news editor and assistant editor the Guardian David Martin Scott Steel Baron Steel of Aikwood, KT, KBE, PC (born 31 March 1938) is a British and Scottish Jonathan Steele is a British Journalist and Author of Soviet Power The Kremlin's Foreign Policy-Brezhnev to Andropov, among other books Mary Stott (b 18 July 1907 - d 16 September[[ 002]] was a British feminist and journalist Richard Henry Tawney (1880 - 1962 was an English writer Economist, historian social critic and university professor and a leading advocate of Christian Socialism Alan John Percival Taylor ( March 25, 1906 – September 7, 1990) was a renowned English Historian of the 20th century This page is about the economic historian Arnold Toynbee for the universal historian Arnold Joseph Toynbee see Arnold J Polly Toynbee (born Mary Louisa Toynbee on December 27, 1946) is a journalist and writer in the United Kingdom, and has been a Columnist Jill Sheila Tweedie ( 22 May 1936, some sources indicate 1934 - 12 November 1993) was an influential feminist, writer and broadcaster Ed Vulliamy (born 1 August 1954) is a British journalist and writer Hank Wangford is a distinguished English Country and western songwriter Brian Whitaker is a Journalist for the British newspaper The Guardian since 1987 and its Middle East editor from 2000-2007 Michael White (born 21 October 1945) is an associate editor and former political editor of The Guardian. Ann Noreen Widdecombe (born 4 October 1947 is a British Conservative Party Politician and more recently television Presenter and Novelist Zoe Williams (born 1973) is a British columnist and journalist who read Modern History at Lincoln College Oxford. Edward Conrad Wragg ( June 26, 1938 &ndash November 10, 2005) known as Ted Wragg, was a British Educationalist Hugo John Smelter Young ( 13 October 1938 &ndash 22 September 2003) was a British Journalist and columnist and senior political Tony Zappone (born Anthony N Zappone, October 9, 1947 in Tampa Florida) at age 16 became the youngest credentialed journalist to lend press Slavoj Žižek (ˈslavoj ˈʒiʒɛk (born 21 March 1949) is a Post-Marxist Sociologist, Philosopher, and Cultural critic David Austin ( March 29 1935 — November 19 2005) was a British Cartoonist He was best known for his pocket cartoons in Steve Bell (born 26 February 1951 is an English political Cartoonist, whose work appears in The Guardian and other publications Joe Berger is an illustrator and filmmaker from Bristol He has been making films illustrating and cartooning since 1991 Guy Berkeley "Berke" Breathed (born June 21, 1957) is an American Cartoonist, children's book Author / Illustrator, British cartoonists perhaps best known for cartoon strips appearing in The Guardian from 1985 onwards (Biff Weekend ran weekly for 20 years Peter Clarke is a British cartoonist who has won a prestigious ‘Cartoonist of the Year’ award John Kent ( 21 June, 1937 - 14 April, 2003) was an New Zealand Cartoonist who is best known as the author of the David Low may refer to David Low (cartoonist David Low (professor (1786–1859 G Martin George Edmund Rowson (born 15 February 1959) is a British Cartoonist Rosemary Elizabeth "Posy" Simmonds MBE (born 9 August 1945) is a British Newspaper Cartoonist and Writer Garretson Beekman Trudeau (born July 21, 1948) is an American Cartoonist, best known for the Doonesbury comic strip Jeremy Hardy (born 17 July 1961) is an English alternative Comedian. Armando Iannucci (ɑrˈmændoʊ jəˈnuːtʃɪ (born 1964 is a Scottish Comedian, Writer, Satirist and Radio producer. For other uses see Terry Jones (disambiguation. Terence Graham Parry Jones (born 1 February 1942) is a Welsh Craig Edward Moncrieff Brown (born 23 May 1957, Hayes, Middlesex) is a British Artist, Critic, Satirist Craig Edward Moncrieff Brown (born 23 May 1957, Hayes, Middlesex) is a British Artist, Critic, Satirist John O'Farrell (born March 27 1962) is a British author broadcaster and comedy script writer Mark Steel (born 4 July 1960 is a British Socialist, Columnist, Author and Comedian. Jack Schofield is a Technology writer for The Guardian Newspaper. The Observer is a British Newspaper published on Sundays In about the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. It contains their archives, including bound copies of old editions, a photographic library and other items such as diaries, letters and notebooks. An archive refers to a collection of historical records and also refers to the location in which these records are kept Photography (fә'tɒgrәfi or fә'tɑːgrәfi (from Greek φωτο and γραφία is the process and Art of recording pictures by means of capturing A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution For other uses of the term 'diary' see Diary (disambiguation. A letter is a Written Message from one person to another Letters especially a regular exchange between two persons (sometimes called Pen pals A notebook (also notepad, writing pad, drawing pad, legal pad, etc This material may be consulted by members of the public. The Newsroom also mounts temporary exhibitions and runs an educational programme for schools. There is also an extensive Manchester Guardian archive at the University of Manchester's John Rylands Library and there is a collaboration programme between the two archives. The University of Manchester is a " red brick " civic University located in Manchester, England. The John Rylands University Library (JRUL is the University of Manchester 's library and information service The British Library also has a large archive of the Manchester Guardian, available in online, hard copy, microform, and CD-ROM in their British Library Newspapers collection. The British Library ( BL) is the National library of the United Kingdom.

In November 2007 The Guardian and The Observer made their archives available over the internet via DigitalArchive. The current extent of the archives available are 1821 to 1975 for The Guardian and 1900 to 1975 for The Observer. However, these archives are to be expanded in the future.

See also

• Online newspaper
• Broadcast journalism
• Internet radio
• Internet television

References

External links

• guardian.co.uk
• [6]
• The Guardian Front Page RSS feed (in XML; use a news aggregator)
• Guardian Media Group website
• Digital Guardian paid-for service
• DigitalArchive paid-for service
• Founding of the Manchester Guardian
• Information about The Newsroom Archive and Visitor Centre
• Media Guardian: How the broadsheets brightened up
• The guardian.co.uk Talk Board Catalogue of the papers of journalist Hector Alastair Hetherington at the Archives Division of the London School of Economics