Citizendia

This article is about the 1983 TV movie about nuclear war. For the 2004 theatrical disaster film about global warming, see The Day After Tomorrow. The Day After Tomorrow is a 2004 apocalyptic science-fiction film that depicts the catastrophic effects of both Global warming and Global cooling
The Day After

The Day After DVD Cover
GenreScience Fiction
Postapocalyptic
Running time126 minutes (approx. )
Written byEdward Hume
Directed byNicholas Meyer
Produced byRobert Papazian
StarringJason Robards
JoBeth Williams
Steve Guttenberg
John Cullum
John Lithgow
Music byDavid Raksin
Virgil Thomson
Country of originFlag of the United States United States
LanguageEnglish
Original channelABC
Release date(s)November 20, 1983
Allmovie profile
IMDb profile

The Day After is an American television movie which aired on November 20, 1983, on the ABC Television Network. Nicholas Meyer (born December 24, 1945 in New York City, US) graduated from the University of Iowa with a Jason Nelson Robards Jr, ( July 26, 1922 &ndash December 26, 2000) was an American Actor. JoBeth Williams (born December 6, 1948) is an American Emmy - and Golden Globe -nominated Television and Film Steven Robert "Steve" Guttenberg (born August 24 1958) is an American film and television Actor. John Cullum (born 2 March 1930) is an American Actor and Singer. John Arthur Lithgow (ˈlɪθɡoʊ̪ born October 19, 1945) is an American Actor perhaps best-known for his starring role as Dr David Raksin ( August 4, 1912 - August 9, 2004) was an American composer born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. For the American author with a similar name see Virgil Thompson (author Virgil Thomson ( November 25, 1896 - September The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network.

The film portrays a fictional nuclear war between NATO forces and the Warsaw Pact and its effects on the residents of Lawrence, Kansas, and Kansas City, Missouri, as well as several family farms situated next to nearby nuclear missile silos. The North Atlantic Treaty The Warsaw Pact (see Nomenclature) was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. Lawrence is the sixth largest city in the US State of Kansas and the County seat of Douglas County. Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages A missile silo is an underground vertical cylindrical container for the storage and launching of intercontinental ballistic missiles ( ICBMs. The film was written by Edward Hume and directed by Nicholas Meyer. Nicholas Meyer (born December 24, 1945 in New York City, US) graduated from the University of Iowa with a The film was released on DVD on May 18, 2004. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

Contents

Events leading to war

The chronology of the events leading up to the war is depicted entirely through a series of news announcements on television and radio. The Soviet Union is shown to have commenced a military buildup in East Germany, with the goal of intimidating the United States into abandoning its forces and support of West Berlin. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 When the U. S. does not back down, Soviet tank divisions are sent to the West-East German border.

During the late hours of Friday, September 15, news broadcasts report of a depicted "wide-spread rebellion among several divisions of the East German Army"; as a result the Soviets blockade West Berlin. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. History The creation of the National People’s Army on March 1, 1956, six months after the formation of the West German Bundeswehr, followed years A blockade is any effort to prevent supplies Troops information or aid from reaching an opposing force As tensions mount, the United States issues an ultimatum that the Soviets stand down from the blockade by 6:00 A. M. Eastern Daylight Time the next day, or it will be interpreted as an act of war. The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America The Soviets eventually refuse. The President of the United States puts all U. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by S. military personnel around the world on alert.

On Saturday, September 16, the film states that NATO forces in West Germany invade East Germany through the Helmstedt checkpoint to free Berlin. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( Border checkpoint Helmstedt–Marienborn ( Grenzübergang Helmstedt-Marienborn) called Grenzübergangsstelle Marienborn (GÜSt ( border crossing Marienborn Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The Soviets hold the Marienborn corridor and inflict heavy casualties on NATO troops. Two Soviet-built MiG-25s fly over West German airspace and bomb a NATO munitions storage facility, but also hit a school and a hospital. A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Through a radio news broadcast, viewers learn that the Soviet capital, Moscow, is being evacuated, and at this point people in major U. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of S. cities are shown to begin mass evacuations. Soviet forces counter the NATO advance by invading West Germany through the Fulda Gap; NATO counterattacks and comes to the assistance of West Germany. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( The Fulda Gap is a region of lower elevation between the former East German border and Frankfurt (West Germany. There follow unconfirmed reports that nuclear weapons are used in Wiesbaden and in the outskirts of Frankfurt. Wiesbaden, a city in southwest Germany, is the capital of the state of Hesse. Meanwhile, in the Persian Gulf, naval warfare erupts, as radio reports tell of ship sinkings on both sides. The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the

Viewers then learn that the Soviet Army has reached the Rhine. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Not wanting Soviet forces to invade France and the rest of Western Europe, the U. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. S. halts the Soviet advance by airbursting three low-yield nuclear bombs over advancing Soviet troops. An air burst occurs whenever an Explosive device such as an Anti-personnel Artillery shell or a Nuclear weapon is detonated in the Air Soviet forces counter by launching a nuclear attack on NATO's European headquarters in Brussels, Belgium. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those In response, the United States Strategic Air Command begins scrambling some of its B-52 bombers. The Strategic Air Command (SAC was both a major command and a "specified command" in the U

After the initial nuclear exchange in Europe, the United States is shown to enact its "launch on warning" policy: it will launch a full-scale nuclear attack on the Soviet Union if the U. Launch on warning is a nuclear strategy which came about during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. S. receives indication that the Soviet Union is preparing to do the same against the United States.

The Soviet Air Force then destroys an Airborne Early Warning station in England (likely a reference to the BMEWS station RAF Fylingdales) and another at Beale Air Force Base in Marysville, California. The Soviet Air Force, also known under the abbreviation VVS, transliterated from Russian: ВВС, Военно-воздушные силы ( Voenno-Vozdushnye England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The United States Air Force Ballistic Missile Early Warning System ( BMEWS) was the first operational Ballistic missile detection Radar. RAF Fylingdales is a British Royal Air Force station on Snod Hill in the North York Moors, England. Beale Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base near Marysville, California, that was established in 1943 Marysville is the County seat of Yuba County, California, United States. Meanwhile, on board the Strategic Air Command Airborne Command Center, the order comes in from the President of the United States for a full nuclear strike against the Soviet Union. Almost simultaneously, we see an American in uniform receiving a report that a massive Soviet nuclear assault against the United States has been launched: "32 targets in track, with 10 impacting points. " He asks, "Is this an exercise?" and is told it is not. Following that we see another soldier receiving a report that over 300 ICBMs are inbound.

A nuclear weapon detonates near Interstate 70 west of Kansas City.
A nuclear weapon detonates near Interstate 70 west of Kansas City. Interstate 70 enters flat plains in Kansas This portion of I-70 was the first segment to start being paved and to be completed in the interstate system Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages

It is deliberately unclear in the film whether the Soviet Union or the United States launches the main nuclear attack first.

The attack occurs at 3:38 pm, Central Daylight Time. The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving As a result of the attack, America's major cities, military facilities, and industrial sites are all destroyed, and the military is decimated; the aftermath depicts the United States as a fallout wasteland of burned-out cities filled with radiation/burn victims. Fallout is the residual radiation hazard from a Nuclear explosion, so named because it "falls out" of the atmosphere into which it is spread during the explosion The Soviets' situation is reportedly comparable. Eventually, the American President gives a radio address, in which he declares that there is a ceasefire between the United States and the Soviet Union.

All of this, though, is background. The key theme is the effects of nuclear war on families and individuals. The film did emphasize that "the day after" a nuclear attack could, in fact, exist, countering the idea popular since the early 1950s that a nuclear war would result in a simple and instant end of the world. The Day After continues a tradition dating from the anti-nuclear movement of the 1950s which emphasized the grisly details of radiation poisoning, the vast numbers of casualties overwhelming hospitals, and the hopelessness of post-war governance, farming, medical aid, food supplies, etc.

Plot

While the movie contains significant exposition to explain the onset of the war, the plot lies in the human struggles of the characters. The film follows several average citizens and the people they encounter through a nuclear attack on Kansas City, Missouri. Dr. Russell Oakes (Jason Robards) lives in the well-to-do Brookside neighborhood of Kansas City with his wife (Georgann Johnson), and works in a hospital in downtown Kansas City. Jason Nelson Robards Jr, ( July 26, 1922 &ndash December 26, 2000) was an American Actor. He is caught in traffic on a highway at the time of the attack after meeting with his estranged daughter (Kyle Aletter), and heads toward the hospital after the attack to treat the wounded with Dr. Kyle Aletter-Oldham (born May 31, 1960 in Los Angeles California) was a substitute model on the US game show The Price Is Right Sam Hachiya (Calvin Jung), Nurse Bauer (JoBeth Williams), and other aid workers. JoBeth Williams (born December 6, 1948) is an American Emmy - and Golden Globe -nominated Television and Film Also represented is farmer Jim Dahlberg (John Cullum) and his family, who live in a rural area far outside the city limits, but very close to a field of missile silos. John Cullum (born 2 March 1930) is an American Actor and Singer. They are among the first to witness the initial missile launches signaling the start of a full-scale nuclear war. While those near the impact zone die or become sick quickly, the Dahlbergs develop symptoms of radiation sickness slowly, as they had prepared their basement as a makeshift fallout shelter. Radiation poisoning, also called " radiation sickness " or a " creeping dose " is a form of damage to organ tissue due to excessive exposure to A fallout shelter is an enclosed space specially designed to protect occupants from radioactive debris or fallout resulting from a Nuclear explosion. They also face the looting and chaos that come after the explosion.

Production

The Day After was the idea of ABC Motion Picture Division president Brandon Stoddard, who, after watching The China Syndrome, was so impressed that he envisioned creating a film exploring the effects of nuclear war on the United States further. The China Syndrome is a 1979 Thriller film which tells the story of a reporter and cameraman who discover safety coverups at a Nuclear power Stoddard commissioned veteran television writer Edward Hume to write the script in 1981. The American Broadcasting Company, who financed the production, was concerned about the graphic nature of the film, and how to appropriately portray the subject on a family-oriented television channel. Hume undertook a massive amount of research on nuclear war, and went through several drafts until finally ABC deemed the plot and characters acceptable.

Originally, the film was based more around and in Kansas City, Missouri. Kansas City was not bombed in the original script, although Whiteman Air Force Base was, making Kansas City suffer shock waves and the horde of survivors staggering into town. Whiteman Air Force Base ( Whiteman AFB) is a base of the United States Air Force in Johnson County, Missouri, United States There was no Lawrence, Kansas in the story, although there was a small Kansas town called "Hampton". While Hume was writing the script, he and producer Robert Papazian, who had great experience in on-location shooting, took several trips to Kansas City to scout locations, and met with officials from the Kansas film commission and from the Kansas tourist offices to search for a suitable location for "Hampton. " It came down to a choice of either Warrensburg, Missouri, and Lawrence, Kansas, both college towns — Warrensburg was home of Central Missouri State University and was near Whiteman Air Force Base, and Lawrence was home of the University of Kansas and was near Kansas City. Warrensburg is a city in Johnson County, Missouri, United States. The University of Central Missouri (formerly Central Missouri State University) is a four-year public institution in Warrensburg Missouri. The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU or just Kansas) is a public research university with campuses located in Lawrence, Kansas City Hume and Papazian ended up selecting Lawrence, due to the access to a number of good locations: a university, a hospital, football and basketball venues, farms, beautiful countryside. The Lawrence people were urging ABC to change the name "Hampton" to "Lawrence" in the script.

Back in Los Angeles, the idea of making a TV movie showing the true effects of nuclear war on average American citizens was still stirring up controversy. ABC, Hume, and Papazian realized that for the scene depicting the nuclear blast, they would have to use state-of-the-art special effects, and they took the first step by hiring some of the best special effects people in the business to draw up some storyboards for the complicated blast scene. Then, ABC hired Robert Butler to direct the project. For several months, this group worked on drawing up storyboards and revising the script again and again; then, in the spring of 1982, Butler was forced to leave The Day After because of other contractual commitments. ABC then offered the project to two other directors, who both turned it down. Finally, in May, ABC hired feature film director Nicholas Meyer, who had just completed the blockbuster Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. Nicholas Meyer (born December 24, 1945 in New York City, US) graduated from the University of Iowa with a Star Trek II The Wrath of Khan is the second feature film based on the Star Trek Science fiction Television series, following Meyer was apprehensive at first and doubted ABC would get away with making a television film on nuclear war without the censors diminishing its effect. However, after reading the script, Meyer agreed to direct The Day After.

However, Meyer wanted to make sure he would film the script he was offered. He didn't want the censors to chop up the film, nor did he want the film to be a regular Hollywood disaster movie from the start. Meyer figured the more The Day After resembled such a film, the less effective it would be. Meyer just wanted to dump the facts on nuclear war in people's laps. So first of all he made it clear to ABC that no TV or film stars should be in The Day After. ABC agreed, although they wanted to have one star to help attract European audiences to the film when it would be shown theatrically there. Later, while flying to visit his parents in New York City, Meyer happened to be on the same plane with Jason Robards, and asked the star to join the cast. The City of New York Jason Nelson Robards Jr, ( July 26, 1922 &ndash December 26, 2000) was an American Actor.

Originally, ABC intended The Day After to be four hours instead of two, to be broadcast over two nights, instead of one. Meyer felt that version was too padded, and urged ABC to change The Day After into just two and half hours. He reasoned that no one would sit through two nights of Armageddon; ABC would be lucky if the audience lasted through one. ABC recognized this, but refused to change the film's length. Meanwhile, Meyer plunged into several months of nuclear research, which made him quite pessimistic about the future. Every day, Meyer would come home feeling ill. He soon realized that what he was learning was making him sick. Meyer and Papazian also made trips to the ABC censors, and to the United States Department of Defense during this time. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government There were conflicts with both. Meyer had many heated arguments over elements in the script, both little and big, that the network censors wanted cut out of the film. The Department of Defense said they would cooperate with ABC if it was made clear in the script that the Soviet Union launched their missiles first, something Meyer and Papazian were at pains not to do.

In any case, Meyer, Papazian, Hume, and several casting directors spent most of July 1982 taking numerous trips to Kansas City. In between casting in Los Angeles, where they stuck mostly to unknowns, they would fly to the Kansas City area to interview local actors and scenery. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West They were hoping to find some real Midwesterners for smaller roles. Hollywood casting directors strolled through shopping malls in Kansas City looking for local people to fill small and supporting roles, while the daily newspaper in Lawrence ran an advertisement calling for local residents of all ages to sign up for jobs as a large number of extras in the film, and a professor of theater and film at the University of Kansas was hired to head up the local casting of the movie. The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU or just Kansas) is a public research university with campuses located in Lawrence, Kansas City Out of the eighty or so speaking parts, only fifteen were cast in Los Angeles. The remaining roles were filled in Kansas City and Lawrence. While in Kansas City, Meyer and Papazian toured the Federal Emergency Management Agency offices in Kansas City. The purpose of FEMA is to coordinate the response to a Disaster which has occurred in the United States and which overwhelms the resources of local and state authorities When asked what their plans for surviving nuclear war were, a FEMA official replied that they were experimenting with putting evacuation instructions in telephone books in New England. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the "In about six years, everyone should have them. " This meeting led Meyer to later refer to FEMA as "a complete joke. " It was during this time that the decision was made to change "Hampton" in the script to "Lawrence. " Meyer and Hume figured since Lawrence was a real town, that it would be more believable, and besides, Lawrence was a perfect choice to be a representative of Middle America. Middle America is an American Colloquialism used to describe either a cultural mindset or region of the United States that geographically comprises the The town boasted a "socio-cultural mix", sat near the exact geographic center of the continental U. S. , and Hume and Meyer's research told them that Lawrence was a prime missile target because 150 Minuteman missile silos stood nearby. The LGM-30 Minuteman is a United States nuclear Missile, a land-based Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM Lawrence had some great locations, and the people there were more supportive of the project. Suddenly, less emphasis was put on Kansas City, the decision was made to have the city completely annihilated in the script, and Lawrence was made the primary location in the film.

Shooting

The Douglas County Courthouse in downtown Lawrence, Kansas, the town where much of "The Day After" takes place.
The Douglas County Courthouse in downtown Lawrence, Kansas, the town where much of "The Day After" takes place. Douglas County (county code DG) is located in northeast Kansas, in the Central United States.

Production began on Monday, August 16, 1982, on location at a farm just west of Lawrence. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) The ABC crew had needed sunshine, and it turned out to be a dreadfully overcast day. The set required a floodlight for shooting. That day, the crew set fire to the farm's big red barn for one scene during the blast sequence (it was eventually cut). The owner of the farm was not paid by ABC for the use of his property, but ABC did compensate by building him an all-new barn in place of the one they exploded. The crew spent most of the next week and a half filming on various farm sets near Lawrence. One set in rural Lawrence, depicting a schoolhouse after a nuclear blast, was made in six days from fiberglass "skins". Fiberglass (also called fibreglass and glass fibre see Spelling differences) is material made from extremely fine Fibers of Glass. On Monday, August 30, 1982, ABC shut down Rusty's IGA supermarket in Lawrence's Hillcrest Shopping Center from 7 a. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) m. until 2 p. m. to shoot a scene representing the rush to grocery stores for provisions when a nuclear attack appears likely. While the crew was shooting, a local man and his infant son walked up to the supermarket. Apparently, they had not gotten the word that ABC was filming a movie there. The man saw the complete chaos inside his neighborhood grocery, over 100 extras rushing about, pushing and shoving and hoarding food, and ran back into his car in fear.

Local extras were paid US$75 to shave their heads bald, have latex scar tissue and burn-marks pasted on their faces, be plastered with coats of artificial mud, and be dressed in ragged and tattered clothes for various scenes of mass despair and radiation sickness after the nuclear blast. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been In a small park in downtown Lawrence on the bank of the Kansas River, ABC set up a grimy shantytown to serve as the home for survivors of the nuclear attack in the film. The Kansas River (also known as the Kaw) is a River in northeastern Kansas in the United States. It was known as "Tent City". From the afternoon of Friday, September 3, 1982, well into the evening, the cameras rolled, recording the chaos and mass despair, using many University of Kansas students as actors and extras. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) The next day, Saturday, September 4, 1982, lead actor Jason Robards, the only well-known "star" in the film, had arrived in Lawrence and production moved to Lawrence Memorial Hospital, where scenes of hundreds of radiation sickness victims crowding into a besieged hospital were filmed. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Jason Nelson Robards Jr, ( July 26, 1922 &ndash December 26, 2000) was an American Actor. Nicholas Meyer and the ABC crew were amazed by the amount of cooperation they received from the citizens of Lawrence. Many local individuals and businesses participating in the filming and the city profited of the use of local actors and extras. It was estimated in contemporaneous newspaper accounts that ABC spent $1 million in Lawrence, not all on the production. It was also during this time that Nicholas Meyer revealed his ambitions and goals for The Day After: The director wanted the film not to take political stands, but rather just spread the message and inform people that "nuclear war is a bad thing. " He thought of the TV film not as a movie, but as a gigantic public service announcement. His main goal was to reach an audience of at least 20 million people through the TV showing, which would spread his message across to a larger and wider audience. This was eventually achieved.

On Monday, September 6, 1982, in a block of businesses in downtown Lawrence, the filmmakers repainted the signs for several businesses, changing the names of the stores; the facades were stained with dark smudges of soot. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) The large windows were shattered into sharp teeth; bricks were scattered across the sidewalk amidst scraps of lumber, and several junked cars were painted with clouds of black spray. Two industrial-sized yellow fans bolted to a flatbed trailer blew clouds of white flakes into the air. This fallout-matter was actually cornflakes painted white. Several quick scenes of devastation were shot, and the next day, Tuesday, September 7, 1982, thousands of local extras, most of them University of Kansas students, poured into Allen Fieldhouse, the basketball stadium at the university, which, in the story, was the only place left on campus big enough to accommodate so many wounded. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Allen Fieldhouse is an indoor arena at the University of Kansas in Lawrence Kansas. A scene representing class registration was filmed in an upstairs hallway before noon, but the large crowd scene on the basketball court, with thousands of radiation victims stretched out on cots and mattresses on the court floor, did not get under way until after 2 p. m. The extras were asked not to bathe for several days to make the scenes more realistic. The next day, on Wednesday, September 8, 1982, a four-mile stretch on K-10 between the Edgerton Road exit and the DeSoto interchange at former K-285 (now Lexington Avenue) was closed for shooting highway scenes representing a mass exodus from the Kansas City area on Interstate 70. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) K-10 is a 38 mile (61 km State highway in the US state of Kansas. De Soto is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States, along the Kansas River. Interstate 70 enters flat plains in Kansas This portion of I-70 was the first segment to start being paved and to be completed in the interstate system Over the next few days, the filmmakers shot mostly pre-blast scenes in Kansas City, and on Friday, September 10, 1982, they filmed a scene where Jason Robards returns to what is left of Kansas City to find his home. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) ABC used the demolition site of an old hospital in an inner-city neighborhood in Kansas City as the set. They had found this location a few months before, and paid the city to halt demolition for a month so the crew could film scenes of destruction there. However, when the crew arrived, more demolition had apparently taken place. Director Meyer was angry beyond belief, but then realized he could populate the area with fake corpses and junked cars, "and then I got real happy". Robards, however, never became happy. He had had to get to makeup at 6 a. m. that morning so he could be made out to look like a radiation poisoning victim. The makeup took three hours to apply. Finally, around 9:30 a. m. , shooting began. Traffic on the nearby avenue slowed and passer-bys strained for a closer look as Robards lifted the arm of a body stuck under fallen debris — just the arm, severed at the shoulder. It was at this site that the moving final scene, where Dr. Oakes confronts a family of squatters in the rubble of his home, and the father of the family, played by a Kansas City actor, crawls out to hug the dying Oakes, was filmed.

The Liberty Memorial in downtown Kansas City, Missouri was an important but hard-to-get location in "The Day After."
The Liberty Memorial in downtown Kansas City, Missouri was an important but hard-to-get location in "The Day After. The Liberty Memorial, located in Kansas City, Missouri, USA, is called a National Symbol for World War I and houses the The National World "

There were more problems in Kansas City the next day, Saturday, September 11, 1982. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Nicholas Meyer had scouted and desperately wanted the Liberty Memorial, a tall war memorial in Penn Valley Park overlooking downtown Kansas City, for two scenes: postcard-perfect shots of Kansas City near the beginning, and a scene of Robards stumbling through the ruins of the Memorial at the end. The Liberty Memorial, located in Kansas City, Missouri, USA, is called a National Symbol for World War I and houses the The National World Penn Valley Park is an urban park overlooking Downtown Kansas City Kansas City Missouri. The Memorial was to function as a symbol for some of the messages in the film. However, one of the directors of the local parks department did not want the crew to film there for a number of reasons. He was trying to avoid letting city parks be used for commercial purposes, and he was concerned that ABC would somehow damage the Memorial. Also, the director was caught off guard when ABC asked for permission to use the site one day before they planned to shoot there. But in any case, movie officials met with city officials, there was much flattery and cajoling, and that next day ABC had the Liberty Memorial. By using fiberglass, they were able to make it look as if the Liberty Memorial had been reduced to rubble (they would use special effects later to make it look even more realistic; the ruins below stretching to the distance were composited from an actual photo of Hiroshima taken by U. The Japanese city of ( is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshū, the largest of Japan 's S. occupation troops after the Japanese surrender. Robards stumbled through debris once again, and then they shot the post-card scenes. That evening, the cast and crew flew back home to Los Angeles. It had been quite a circus for the city of Lawrence, a memorable and entertaining one, but the citizens of the town would miss the California filmmakers whom they had grown to know and like so well. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean.

The filmmakers returned to Los Angeles to shoot interior hospital scenes with Robards and co-star JoBeth Williams and complete post-production work. JoBeth Williams (born December 6, 1948) is an American Emmy - and Golden Globe -nominated Television and Film While shooting in Los Angeles, Meyer noted that extras there weren't as helpful and cooperative as those in Lawrence. "You tell them you want them to grunt and they say, 'Hey, that's a word. That's money,'" Meyer complained. Many scientific advisors from various fields were on set to ensure the accuracy of the explosion, its effects, and its victims. The government, nervous of how it would be portrayed, didn't allow the production to use stock footage of nuclear explosions in the film, so ABC hired some of the best special effects creators to work on the film. Stock footage, and similarly archive footage, library pictures and file footage are Film or Video The result was a frighteningly real explosion and iconic "mushroom cloud" created by injecting oil-based paints and inks downward into a water tank with a piston, filmed at high speed with the camera mounted upside down. The image was then optically color- and contrast-inverted. The water tank used for the "mushroom clouds" was the same water tank used to create the "Mutara Nebula" special effect in The Wrath of Khan. Star Trek II The Wrath of Khan is the second feature film based on the Star Trek Science fiction Television series, following

The Day After also relied heavily on footage borrowed from both other movies and declassified government films. During the attack, extensive use of stock footage was interspersed with special effects of the mushroom clouds. While the majority of the missile launches came from United States Department of Defense footage of ICBM missile tests (mainly Minuteman IIIs from Vandenberg Air Force Base adjacent to Lompoc, California), all of the stock footage of missile launches were acquired from declassified DoD film libraries, and showed some missiles (specifically "Titan" missiles), that by 1982 had been decommissioned and out of service for up to fifteen years. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government The LGM-30 Minuteman is a United States nuclear Missile, a land-based Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM Vandenberg Air Force Base is a United States military installation with a Spaceport, in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Lompoc (pronounced /Lom'-poke/ is a city in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. The scenes of Air Force personnel aboard the Airborne Command Post, in the command center receiving news of the incoming attack, and in the silo launching their missiles, are footage of actual military personnel during a drill, and had been aired several years earlier in a 1979 CBS documentary series, "First Strike". In the original footage, the silo is "destroyed" by an incoming "attack" just moments before launching its missiles, which is why the final seconds of the launch countdown are not seen in this movie.

Further stock footage was taken from news events (fires and explosions), and the 1979 theatrical film Meteor (such as a bridge collapsing and the destruction of a tall office building originally used to depict the destruction of the World Trade Center in Meteor. Meteor is a 1979 Disaster film in which scientists detect an Asteroid on a collision course with Earth and struggle with international The World Trade Center in New York City, United States (sometimes informally the WTC or Twin Towers) was a complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan Brief scenes of stampeding crowds were also borrowed from the disaster film Two-Minute Warning (1976). For the 1976 film see Two-Minute Warning. In the National Football League, the two-minute warning is given when two minutes of game time Other footage had been previously used in theatrical films such as Superman and Damnation Alley. Superman (also known as Superman The Movie) is a 1978 Superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the Damnation Alley is a 1977 film directed by Jack Smight, loosely based on the novel of the same name by Roger Zelazny.

The editing of The Day After was one of the most nerve-wracking processes ABC had ever gone through in post-production of any of their films. There were many meetings with the censors, and Nicholas Meyer was enraged and confused because the network actually cut out many scenes due to pace and cutting, not because they were too controversial or too graphic. It quickly became ridiculous. In April 1983, Meyer wrote a letter to Brandon Stoddard stating that he was resigning from The Day After and that he would petition the Directors Guild of America to have his name removed from the credits. Directors Guild of America ( DGA) is the labor union which represents the interests of film and television directors in the United States Apparently, Meyer changed his mind and the letter was never sent. It was originally planned The Day After would be aired in May, but it was pushed back to November to allow for more post-production work. At Meyer's urging, the film was cut down to just two and a half hours, to be shown over one night instead of two. The first major cut was made to the film that could be called "censorship": censors forced ABC to cut an entire scene of a child having a nightmare about nuclear holocaust and then sitting up, screaming. A psychiatrist told ABC that this would disturb children. "This strikes me as ludicrous", Meyer wrote in TV Guide at the time. TV Guide is the name of a North American weekly magazine about television programming "Not only in relation to the rest of the film, but also when contrasted with the huge doses of violence to be found on any average evening of TV viewing. " In any case, a few more cuts were made, including to a scene where Denise is shown to possess a diaphragm, and another scene where a hospital patient abruptly sits up screaming (this was excised from the original television broadcast, but then restored for home video releases). Meyer persuaded ABC to dedicate the film to the citizens of Lawrence, and also to put a disclaimer at the end of the film, following the credits, letting the viewer know that The Day After downplayed the true effects of nuclear war so they would be able to have a story. The disclaimer also included a list of books the viewer can read to find out more on the subject. When the film was finished, Meyer vowed never to work in television again.

The Day After received one of the largest promotional campaigns prior to its broadcast. Commercials aired several months in advance, ABC distributed half a million "viewer's guides", which discussed the dangers of nuclear war and prepared the viewer for the graphic scenes of mushroom clouds and radiation burn victims. Discussion groups were also formed nationwide. Some schools required their students to watch it as a homework assignment and discuss it the next morning in class, while others encouraged parents not to allow their children to view the film at all.

Music

Composer David Raksin wrote original music and adapted music from The River (a documentary film score by concert composer Virgil Thomson). David Raksin ( August 4, 1912 - August 9, 2004) was an American composer born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The River ( 1938) is a short Documentary film which shows the importance of the Mississippi River to the United States, and how farming For the American author with a similar name see Virgil Thompson (author Virgil Thomson ( November 25, 1896 - September Although he recorded just under 30 minutes of music, much of it was edited out of the final cut.

Deleted/alternate scenes

Due to the film being shortened from the original four hours to 2½, several planned special-effects scenes were scrapped, although storyboards were made in anticipation of a possible "expanded" version. These scenes included a "bird's eye" view shot of Kansas City at the moment of two nuclear detonations as seen from a 737 on approach, as well as simulated newsreel footage of the tactical nuclear exchanges in Germany between NATO and Warsaw Pact troops.

ABC censors severely toned down numerous graphic scenes in order to reduce the body count of corpses and severe burn victims. Director Meyer refused to remove some key scenes (such as the "lady in the bathtub" near the film's end), but there are reportedly some 8½ minutes of excised footage which still exist, significantly more graphic in their depiction of the effects of a nuclear attack. Some of this edited footage was later reinstated for the film's release on home video.

JoBeth Williams' character of Nurse Bower was originally scripted to have a death scene where she asks whether the living do in fact envy the dead in a nuclear war's aftermath. This scene was cut when the film was reduced to 2½ hours. In the released version, Nurse Bower's death occurs off-camera, and is mentioned by Dr. Hachiya as having been due to meningitis; the dialogue was so garbled, however, that most viewers failed to hear the cause of death on the first viewing.

One cut scene shows a battle between groups of surviving students at the University of Kansas over the remaining food stocks. The two sides were to be the school's athletes versus the science students under the guidance of Professor Huxley. Another brief scene filmed but later cut relates to the firing squad near the end, where two U. S. soldiers are blindfolded and executed. The cut scene has an officer reading the charges, verdict, and sentence, as a bandaged chaplain reads the Last Rites. Anointing of the Sick is the ritual anointing of a sick person and is a Sacrament of the Catholic Church. The soldiers were guilty of looting. A very similar sequence occurs in the 1965 UK-produced faux documentary, The War Game. For the Doctor Who serial see The War Games. The War Game is a 1965 Television film on nuclear war

In the original broadcast, when the President addressed the nation, the voice was an imitation of then-President Ronald Reagan. However, in subsequent broadcasts that voice was overdubbed using a stock actor. This was partly to ensure that this wasn't construed as an overt criticism of his administration or comic relief and partly to ensure that the film did not become dated. Comic relief is the inclusion of a humorous character or scene or witty dialogue in an otherwise serious work often to relieve tension

Reaction

On the night of its television broadcast (Sunday, November 20, 1983), ABC and many of its local TV stations opened several 1-800 hotlines with counselors standing by to calm jittery viewers. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) A toll-free, Freecall, Freephone, or 800 number is a special Telephone number, in that the Called party is charged the cost of the During the original broadcast, there were no commercial breaks after the nuclear attack. ABC also aired a live and very heated debate, hosted by Nightline's Ted Koppel, featuring scientist Carl Sagan and conservative writer William F. Buckley, Jr.. Edward James "Ted" Koppel (born February 8, 1940) is an American journalist, best known as the former anchor for the Carl Edward Sagan ( November 9 1934 &ndash December 20 1996) was an American Astronomer, astrochemist, author William Frank Buckley Jr ( November 24 1925  – February 27 2008) was an American Author and conservative Sagan argued against nuclear proliferation, while Buckley promoted the concept of nuclear deterrence. Nuclear proliferation is a term now used to describe the spread of Nuclear weapons, fissile material and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information to nations Mutual assured destruction ( MAD; sometimes written as mutually assured destruction) is a Doctrine of military Strategy in which a full-scale During the debate, Sagan discussed the concept of nuclear winter and made his famous analogy, equating the arms race to "two sworn enemies standing waist-deep in gasoline, one with three matches, the other with five. Nuclear winter is a term that describes the climatic effects of nuclear war. The term arms race, in its original usage describes a competition between two or more parties for real or apparent military supremacy "

The film's effect was also felt in Kansas City, Lawrence and the surrounding area. One psychotherapist counseled a group that watched at Shawnee Mission East High School in the Kansas City suburbs, and 1,000 others held candles at a peace vigil in Penn Valley Park in downtown Kansas City. The Shawnee Mission School District ( Kansas Unified School District 512 is one of the major school districts in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. Penn Valley Park is an urban park overlooking Downtown Kansas City Kansas City Missouri. In Lawrence, a discussion group called Let Lawrence Live was formed by the English department at the university, and several dozen more people from the Humanities department gathered on the University of Kansas campus in front of the university's Memorial Campanile and lit candles in a peace vigil. At Baker University, a small, private school in Baldwin City, Kansas, roughly 10 miles south of Lawrence, a number of students wound up heading to Lawrence and driving around the city, whose streets were extraordinarily busy for that time of night, looking at many of the sites that had been depicted in the film as having been destroyed. Baker University is a private residential University located in Baldwin City Kansas, United States. Baldwin City is a city in Douglas County, Kansas, United States about 12 miles south of Lawrence and 15 miles west of Gardner.

The film provoked much political debate in the United States. Some argued that the film underscored the true personal horror of nuclear conflict, and that the United States should therefore renounce the 'first use' of nuclear weapons, a policy which had been a cornerstone of NATO defense planning in Europe.

The Day After garnered both praise and criticism upon its release. Critics tended to claim the film was either sensationalizing nuclear war or that it was too tame regarding the subject. [1] However, the film was praised for its technical use of special effects and realistic portrayal of nuclear war and its victims. The film received twelve Emmy nominations and won two Emmy awards.

At a Creation convention in St. Louis, Missouri in 1984, Bibi Besch stated that if she had filmed The Wrath of Khan after filming The Day After rather than before, her portrayal of Carol Marcus and of Dr. Creation Entertainment is an entertainment company located in Glendale, California which produces fan conventions for fans of various films and television series Bibiana Besch ( February 1 1940 &ndash September 7 1996) was an Austrian American actress Star Trek II The Wrath of Khan is the second feature film based on the Star Trek Science fiction Television series, following Marcus' attitude toward the Genesis Device would have been very different, due to what she learned about the effects of nuclear weapons while filming The Day After. Genesis Device is the name for a recently-released Game engine created by Luuk van Venrooij based in the Netherlands

Nearly 100 million Americans watched The Day After on its first broadcast, a record audience for a made-for-TV movie. Producers Sales Organization picked up international distribution rights to the film for the sum of $1,500, and released the film theatrically around the world to great success in the Eastern Bloc, China, North Korea, and Cuba (this international version contained six minutes of footage not in the telecast edition). Producers Sales Organization was an independent production/distribution company largely handling European theatrical distribution of independent films During the Cold War, the term Communist Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) was used to refer to the Soviet Union and countries it either controlled or that were Since commercials are not sold in these markets, Producers Sales Organization lost an undisclosed sum of money. Years later this international version was released to tape by Embassy Home Entertainment (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer now holds the video rights in the US).

Some critics argued that the film's message was misplaced. Commentator Ben Stein, who was critical of the movie's message (i. Benjamin Jeremy Stein (born November 25 1944) is an American attorney political figure and Entertainment personality who in his early career e. that the strategy of Mutual Assured Destruction would lead to a war), wrote an article in the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner asking what life might be like in an America under Soviet occupation. Mutual assured destruction ( MAD; sometimes written as mutually assured destruction) is a Doctrine of military Strategy in which a full-scale The Los Angeles Herald-Examiner was a major Los Angeles daily newspaper published Monday through Friday in the afternoon and in the morning on Saturdays and

Reagan wrote in his diary that the film "left me greatly depressed. " and that it changed his mind on the prevailing policy on a "nuclear war" [2] In 1987 during the era of Mikhail Gorbachev's glasnost and perestroika reforms, the film was shown on Soviet television. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician (Гла́сность)is literally defined as publicity and sometimes figuratively interpreted as "tipping a vase to let someone see into the vase but not the bottom of the vase" (Перестройка) is the Russian term (now used in English for the economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev Television in the Soviet Union was owned by the state and was under its tight control and Censorship. Upon signing the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty at Reykjavik with Gorbachev, Meyer received a telegram from the Reagan Administration that said, 'Don't think your movie didn't have any part of this, because it did. The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty ( INF) was a 1987 agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union. '[3]

Some filmmakers responded to the success of The Day After. Filmmaker John Milius directed a conservative response to the film, Red Dawn, released in 1984. John Frederick Milius (born April 11, 1944) is an American Screenwriter, director, and producer of Motion pictures Red Dawn is a 1984 war film by John Milius about a fictional invasion of the United States by the Soviet Union, Cuba and

Cast

Striving for a more documentary style, casting director Hank McMann cast mostly newcomers and relatively obscure actors. At the time, Jason Robards was the only well-known actor in the production, being a veteran of stage and screen. Jason Nelson Robards Jr, ( July 26, 1922 &ndash December 26, 2000) was an American Actor. Bibi Besch was a relative unknown, only recently thrust into the spotlight after portraying Dr. Carol Marcus in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, and was hired by Meyer after having worked with him on that film. Bibiana Besch ( February 1 1940 &ndash September 7 1996) was an Austrian American actress Star Trek II The Wrath of Khan is the second feature film based on the Star Trek Science fiction Television series, following Steve Guttenberg, who would go on to become a successful comedy actor through the eighties, was only known for the Barry Levinson comedy Diner, released in 1982. Steven Robert "Steve" Guttenberg (born August 24 1958) is an American film and television Actor. Barry Levinson (born April 6, 1942) is an Academy Award -winning American Screenwriter, Film director, Actor Diner is a 1982 film written and directed by Barry Levinson which along with Avalon, Tin Men, and Events June 10 = Steven Spielberg 's Science fiction PG-rating film E Despite an active career prior to The Day After, Stephen Furst was known primarily for only his role as Flounder in National Lampoon's Animal House. Stephen Furst (born Steven Nelson Feuerstein on 8 May 1954) is an American Actor and film and Television director George Petrie, best known as a stock player on several incarnations of Jackie Gleason's television series, had a small role as a doctor at the hospital where Robards' character worked. Herbert Walton Gleason Jr, baptized John Herbert "Jackie" Gleason ( February 26, 1916 – June 24, 1987) was an One ironic future casting reunion involved John Cullum and Bibi Besch, who played husband and wife in the movie, who went on to play Holling Vincoeur and Maggie O'Connell's mother, respectively, on Northern Exposure. Holling Vincoeur is a Fictional character in the Television show Northern Exposure, played by John Cullum. Mary Margaret O’Connell, known as Maggie, is a Fictional character in the television series Northern Exposure, and was played by actress Northern Exposure is a Dramedy series. It was created by Brand - Falsey Productions which was recognized with a rare pair of consecutive

Meyer and company cast several local actors and actresses from Kansas City and Lawrence to fill the smaller supporting roles. Jeff East, who played Bruce Gallatin, was a local Kansas City actor despite some work in television and feature films, and auditioned for the role of Bruce in Kansas City. Doug Scott and Ellen Anthony, who played the younger Dahlberg children, were both found in Lawrence (Anthony was the daughter of the film's Kansas casting director Jack Wright). Arliss Howard (who played one of the young airmen) and C. Arliss Howard (born Leslie Richard Howard; October 18 1954) is an American Actor, Writer and Film director Wayne Owens (the large man with the transistor radio in the supermarket) both went on to well-known film acting careers, but at the time were local thespians found in Kansas City. Charles Oldfather, Herk Harvey, and Charles Whitman (all of whom at the time or soon afterwards were professors or teachers at the University of Kansas) were all cast in Lawrence as farmers in the agricultural meeting scene towards the end of the film. Harold Arnold "Herk" Harvey ( June 3 1924 &ndash April 3 1996) was an American Film director, Actor The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU or just Kansas) is a public research university with campuses located in Lawrence, Kansas City

While many of the principal cast would go on to have successful careers and star in notable films (i. e. , John Lithgow, JoBeth Williams and Amy Madigan), at the time they were relatively unknown. John Arthur Lithgow (ˈlɪθɡoʊ̪ born October 19, 1945) is an American Actor perhaps best-known for his starring role as Dr JoBeth Williams (born December 6, 1948) is an American Emmy - and Golden Globe -nominated Television and Film Amy Madigan (born September 11 1950 is an American Actress who is known for her role as Annie Kinsella in the 1989 film Field of Dreams

The Oakes
The Dahlbergs
Hospital staff
Others

Awards

Emmy Awards won:

Emmy Award nominations:

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Susan Emmanuel. Steven Robert "Steve" Guttenberg (born August 24 1958) is an American film and television Actor. John Arthur Lithgow (ˈlɪθɡoʊ̪ born October 19, 1945) is an American Actor perhaps best-known for his starring role as Dr Amy Madigan (born September 11 1950 is an American Actress who is known for her role as Annie Kinsella in the 1989 film Field of Dreams William Allen Young (born 1953 in Washington DC) is an African American Actor best known to playing a role of Frank Mitchell in Moesha Jeff East (born October 27, 1957) is an American actor East is well-known for his role in the 1978 hit film Superman as the young Dennis Lipscomb (born March 1, 1942) is an American actor with leading and supporting roles Stephen Furst (born Steven Nelson Feuerstein on 8 May 1954) is an American Actor and film and Television director Arliss Howard (born Leslie Richard Howard; October 18 1954) is an American Actor, Writer and Film director This is a list of the winning and nominated programs of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Visual Effects in a Television series, Miniseries Nicholas Meyer (born December 24, 1945 in New York City, US) graduated from the University of Iowa with a John Arthur Lithgow (ˈlɪθɡoʊ̪ born October 19, 1945) is an American Actor perhaps best-known for his starring role as Dr Able Archer 83 was a ten-day NATO Command post exercise starting on November 2 1983 that spanned Western Europe, centred on SHAPE's This list of nuclear holocaust fiction lists the many works of Speculative fiction that attempt to describe a world during or after a massive nuclear war, or Since their public debut in August 1945 Nuclear weapons and their potential effects have been a recurring motif in Popular culture Threads is a 1984 BBC Television play depicting the effects of a nuclear war on the United Kingdom and its aftermath The Day After. The Museum of Broadcast Communications.
  2. ^ Reagan, An American Life, 585
  3. ^ Fallout from 'The Day After', Lawrence. An American Life is the 1990 Autobiography authored by former American President Ronald Reagan. com November 19, 2003

Sources and references

External links

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic