The Ashes
The Ashes urn is reputed to contain a burnt item of cricket equipment, possibly a bail. An urn is a Vase, ordinarily covered and without handles that usually has a narrowed neck above a footed Pedestal. In the Sport of Cricket, a bail is one of the two smaller sticks placed on top of the three stumps to form a Wicket.
Administrator(s)	International Cricket Council
Cricket format	Test
First tournament	1882
Tournament format(s)	series
Total participants	2
Current champion	Australia
Most successful	Australia (31 titles)
Most runs	Donald Bradman (5,028)
Most wickets	Shane Warne (195)

The Ashes is a Test cricket series, played between England and Australia. The International Cricket Council (ICC is the international governing body of Cricket. Test cricket is the longest form of the Sport of Cricket. It has long been considered the ultimate test of playing ability between cricketing nations Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Australian cricket team is the national cricket team of Australia. The Australian cricket team is the national cricket team of Australia. Sir Donald George Bradman, AC (27 August 1908 – 25 February 2001 often referred to as The Don, was an Australian Cricketer widely Shane Keith Warne (born 13 September 1969 is a former Australian international Cricketer who is widely regarded as one of the Test cricket is the longest form of the Sport of Cricket. It has long been considered the ultimate test of playing ability between cricketing nations The England cricket team is the national cricket team which represents England and Wales. The Australian cricket team is the national cricket team of Australia. It is international cricket's most celebrated rivalry and dates back to 1882. A sports rivalry is intense competition between athletic teams or athletes It is currently played biennially, alternately in England and Australia. However, since cricket is a summer game, the venues being in opposite hemispheres means the break between series is alternately 18 months and 30 months. A series of "The Ashes" now comprises five Test matches, two innings per match, under the regular rules for international Test-match cricket. If a series is drawn then the country holding the Ashes retains them.

The series is named after a satirical obituary published in an English newspaper, The Sporting Times, in 1882 after the match at The Oval in which Australia beat England on an English ground for the first time. Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human An obituary is an attempt to give an account of the texture and significance of the life of someone who has recently died The Oval PavilionJPG|250px|right|thumb|The Members Pavilion]] The Oval is an international Cricket ground in Kennington, London The obituary stated that English cricket had died, and the body will be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia. The English media then dubbed the next English tour to Australia (1882–83) as the quest to regain The Ashes. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

During that tour in Australia, a small terracotta urn was presented as a gift to the England captain Ivo Bligh by a group of Melbourne women. Terra cotta ( Italian: "baked earth" is a Ceramic. Its uses include vessels water & waste water pipes and surface embellishment in Building construction This is a list of all English national cricket captains, comprising all of the men boys and women who have captained an English national cricket team at official Ivo Francis Walter Bligh 8th Earl of Darnley, DL (born 13 March 1859 in London, died 10 April 1927 in Shorne Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 The contents of the urn are reputed to be the ashes of an item of cricket equipment, possibly a bail, ball or stump. In the Sport of Cricket, a bail is one of the two smaller sticks placed on top of the three stumps to form a Wicket. Some Aborigines hold that The Ashes are in fact those of King Cole, the cricketer who toured England in 1868. ^[1] The Dowager Countess of Darnley, meanwhile, claimed recently that her mother-in-law (and Bligh's wife), Florence Morphy, said that they were the remains of a lady's veil.

The urn is erroneously believed, by some, to be the trophy of the Ashes series but it has never been formally adopted as such and Ivo Bligh always considered it to be a personal gift. ----A trophy is a reward for a specific achievement and usually afterwards serves as proof of merit ^[2] Replicas of the urn are often held aloft by victorious teams as a symbol of their victory in an Ashes series, but the actual urn has never been presented or displayed as a trophy in this way. A replica is a copy that is relatively indistinguishable from the original Whichever side holds the Ashes, the urn normally remains in the Marylebone Cricket Club Museum at Lord's since being bequeathed to the MCC by Ivo Bligh's widow upon his death. Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC is a private members' club founded in 1787 Lord's Cricket Ground (generally known as Lord's) is a cricket ^[3]

Since the 1998–99 Ashes series, a Waterford Crystal representation of the Ashes urn has been presented to the winners of an Ashes series as the official trophy of that series. Waterford Crystal is a Trademark brand of crystal Glassware produced in Waterford, Ireland, and in recent years (largely as sub-brands

Australia currently holds The Ashes, after beating England 5–0 to regain them in 2006–07. The next Ashes series will be held in England in 2009.

Contents 1 The Legend of The Ashes 2 The Ashes Urn 3 Series and matches 3.1 The quest to "recover those ashes" 3.2 1884 to 1896 3.3 1897 to 1902 3.4 Reviving the Ashes legend 3.5 1905 to 1912 3.6 1920 to 1933 3.7 1934 to 1953 3.8 1954 to 1971 3.9 1972 to 1987 3.10 1989 to 2003 3.11 2005 to present 4 Summary of results and statistics 5 The Ashes today 6 Match venues 7 The Ashes outside cricket 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 External links

The Legend of The Ashes

The first Test Match between England and Australia was played in 1877, but the Ashes legend dates back only to the ninth Test Match, played in 1882.

On their tour of England that year, the Australians played just one Test, at The Oval in London. The Oval PavilionJPG|250px|right|thumb|The Members Pavilion]] The Oval is an international Cricket ground in Kennington, London London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. It was a low-scoring affair on a difficult wicket. A Cricket pitch is the central strip of the Cricket field between the Wickets The pitch is 1 chain or 22 yards (20 ^[4] Australia made a mere 63 runs in its first innings, and England, led by "Boss" Hornby, took a 38-run lead with a total of 101. An inning, or innings, is a fixed-length segment of a game in any of a variety of Sports &ndash most notably Cricket and Baseball during Albert Neilson Hornby ( Blackburn, Lancashire, 10 February 1847 &ndash 17 December 1925 in Nantwich, In their second innings, the Australians, boosted by a spectacular run-a-minute 55 from Hugh Massie, managed 122, which left England only 85 runs to win. Hugh Hamon Massie ( 11 April 1854 &mdash 12 October 1938) was a Cricketer who played for New South Wales and Australia

The Australians were greatly demoralised by the manner of their second-innings collapse, but fast bowler Fred Spofforth, spurred on by some gamesmanship on the part of his opponents, refused to give in. Frederick Robert "Fred" Spofforth (born in Balmain in the outskirts of Sydney on 9 September 1853, died in Surrey, "This thing can be done," he declared. Spofforth went on to devastate the English batting, taking his final four wickets for only two runs to leave England just seven runs short of victory in one of the closest and most nail- (or umbrella-) biting finishes in the history of cricket. The game of Cricket has a known history spanning from the 16th century to the present day with international matches played since 1844 although the official history

When Ted Peate, England's last batsman, came to the crease, his side needed just ten runs to win, but Peate managed only two before he was bowled by Harry Boyle. Edmund ("Ted" Peate ( Holbeck, Leeds, Yorkshire, 2 March 1855 &ndash 11 March 1900 in Newlay Henry Frederick (Harry Boyle ( 10 December 1847 in Sydney - November 21 1907 in Bendigo, Victoria) was an An astonished Oval crowd fell silent, struggling to believe that England could possibly have lost to a colony. When it finally sunk in, however, the crowd swarmed onto the field, cheering loudly and chairing Boyle and Spofforth to the pavilion.

When Peate returned to the pavilion, he was reprimanded by his peers for not allowing Charles Studd, his partner, to get the runs. Charles Thomas Studd was born 2 December 1860, Spratton, Northamptonshire, England and died 16 July 1931, Ibambi Although Studd was one of the best batsman in England, having already hit two centuries that season against the colonists, Peate replied, "I had no confidence in Mr Studd, sir, so thought I had better do my best. "

The momentous defeat was widely recorded in the English press, which praised the Australians for their plentiful "pluck" and berated the Englishmen for their lack thereof. A celebrated poem appeared in Punch on Saturday, 9 September. Punch was a British weekly Magazine of Humour and Satire published from 1841 to 1992 and from 1996 to 2002 Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian The first verse (quoted most frequently) reads thus:

Well done, Cornstalks! Whipt us

Fair and square,

Was it luck that tript us?

Was it scare?

Kangaroo Land's 'Demon'^[5], or our own

Want of 'devil', coolness, nerve, backbone?

On 31 August, in the great Charles Alcock-edited magazine Cricket: A Weekly Record of The Game, there appeared a now-obscure mock obituary:

SACRED TO THE MEMORY

OF

ENGLAND'S SUPREMACY IN THE

CRICKET-FIELD

WHICH EXPIRED

ON THE 29TH DAY OF AUGUST, AT THE OVAL

----

"ITS END WAS PEATE"

----

Two days later, on September 2, a second, more celebrated mock obituary, written by Reginald Brooks under the pseudonym "Bloobs", appeared in The Sporting Times. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Charles William Alcock ( December 2, 1842 – February 26, 1907) was an influential English sportsman and administrator Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. It read as follows:

In Affectionate Remembrance

of

ENGLISH CRICKET,

which died at the Oval

on

29th AUGUST, 1882,

Deeply lamented by a large circle of sorrowing

friends and acquaintances

----

R. I. P.

----

N. B. —The body will be cremated and the

ashes taken to Australia.

Ivo Bligh fastened on to this notice and promised that, on the tour to Australia in 1882–83 (which he was to captain), he would regain "the ashes". Ivo Francis Walter Bligh 8th Earl of Darnley, DL (born 13 March 1859 in London, died 10 April 1927 in Shorne For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. He spoke of them again several times over the course of the tour, and the Australian media quickly caught on. The three-match series resulted in a two-one win to England, notwithstanding a fourth match, won by the Australians, whose status remains a matter of ardent dispute.

In the twenty years following Bligh's campaign, the term "The Ashes" largely disappeared from public use. There is no indication that this was the accepted name for the series -- at least not in England. The term became popular again in Australia first, when George Giffen, in his memoirs (With Bat and Ball, 1899), used the term as if it were well known. George Giffen (27 March 1859 &ndash 29 November 1927 was a Cricketer who played for South Australia and Australia. ^[6]

The true and global revitalisation of interest in the concept dates from 1903, when Pelham Warner took a team to Australia with the promise that he would regain "the ashes". Sir Pelham Francis Warner ( 2 October 1873 in Port of Spain, Trinidad - 30 January 1963 at West Lavington West Sussex As had been the case on Bligh's tour twenty years before, the Australian media latched fervently onto the term, and, this time, it stuck. Having fulfilled his promise, Warner published a book entitled How We Recovered The Ashes. Although the origins of the term are not referred to in the text, the title served (along with the general hype created in Australia) to revive public interest in the legend. The first mention of "The Ashes" in Wisden Cricketers' Almanack occurs in 1905, while Wisden's first account of the legend is included in the 1922 edition. Wisden Cricketers' Almanack (often referred to simply as Wisden or colloquially as "the Bible of Cricket" is by far the best

The Ashes Urn

As it took many years for the name the Ashes to be given to the ongoing series between England and Australia, there was no concept of there being a representation of the ashes being presented to the winners. As late as 1925, the following verse appeared in The Cricketers Annual:

So here’s to Chapman, Hendren and Hobbs,

Gilligan, Woolley and Hearne:

May they bring back to the Motherland,

The ashes which have no urn!

Nevertheless, several attempts had been made over the years to embody The Ashes in a physical memorial. Examples include one presented to Warner in 1904, another to Australian Captain MA Noble in 1909 and another to Australian Captain WM Woodfall in 1934.

The oldest however, and the one to enjoy enduring fame, was the one presented to Hon Ivo Bligh, later Lord Darnley, during the 1882–83 tour. The precise nature of the origin of this urn however, is matter of dispute. Based on a statement by Darnley made in 1894, it was believed that a group of Victorian ladies, including Darnley's later wife Florence Morphy, made the presentation after the victory in the Third Test in 1883. More recent researchers, in particular Ronald Willis^[7] and Joy Munns^[8] have studied the tour in detail and concluded that the presentation was made after a private cricket match played over Christmas 1882 when the English team were guests of Sir William Clarke, at his property 'Rupertswood', in Sunbury, Victoria. Sunbury is a large town located 35km north-west of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. This was before the matches had started. The prime evidence for this theory was provided by a descendant of Lord Clarke.

The contents of the Darnley urn are also problematic; they were variously reported to be the remains of a stump, bail or the outer casing of a ball, but in 1998, Lord Darnley’s 82-year-old daughter-in-law said they were the remains of her mother-in-law’s veil, casting a further layer of doubt on the matter. However during the tour of Australia in 2006/7, the MCC official accompanying the urn said the veil legend had been discounted, and it was now "95% certain" that the urn contains the ashes of a cricket bail. Speaking on Channel Nine TV on 25 November 2006, he also said x-rays of the urn had shown the pedestal and handles were cracked, and repair work had to be carried out. The urn itself is made of terracotta and is about six inches (15 cm) tall and may originally have been a perfume jar. Terra cotta ( Italian: "baked earth" is a Ceramic. Its uses include vessels water & waste water pipes and surface embellishment in Building construction Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. A centimetre ( American spelling: centimeter, symbol cm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one hundredth

A six verse poem appeared in the 1 February edition of Melbourne Punch, the fourth verse of which makes reference to the urn; at some point this verse was glued to the urn and remains so to the present day. The verse in question reads:^[9]

When Ivo goes back with the urn, the urn;

Studds, Steel, Read and Tylecote return, return;

The welkin will ring loud,

The great crowd will feel proud,

Seeing Barlow and Bates with the urn, the urn;

And the rest coming home with the urn. Ivo Francis Walter Bligh 8th Earl of Darnley, DL (born 13 March 1859 in London, died 10 April 1927 in Shorne The three famous Studd brothers Charles, Kynaston & George, were Victorian gentleman cricketers they were educated at Eton and Cambridge. Allan Gibson "AG" Steel (registered at birth as Alan Gibson Steel ( 24 September 1858 in Liverpool – 15 June 1914 in Walter William Read (born 23 November 1855 in Reigate, Surrey, died 6 January 1907 in Addiscombe Park, Edward Ferdinando Sutton Tylecote ( 23 June 1849 in Marston Moretaine, Bedfordshire, England – 15 March 1938 Richard ("Dick" Gorton Barlow ( 28 May 1851 in Barrow Bridge Bolton, Lancashire, England – 31 July 1919 Willie Bates, known as Billy ( 19 November 1855 - 8 January 1900) was an English all-round

In February 1883, just before the disputed Fourth Test, a velvet bag, which was made by Mrs Ann Fletcher, the daughter of Joseph Hines Clarke and Marion Wright, both of Dublin, was given to Bligh to contain the urn. Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland.

During Darnley’s lifetime, there was little public knowledge of the urn, and no record of a published photograph exists before 1924. However, when Darnley died in 1927, his widow presented the urn to the Marylebone Cricket Club and that was the key event in establishing the urn as the physical embodiment of the legendary ashes. Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC is a private members' club founded in 1787 MCC first displayed the urn in the Long Room at Lord's Cricket Ground and since 1953 in the MCC Cricket Museum at the ground. Lord's Cricket Ground (generally known as Lord's) is a cricket It is ironic that MCC’s wish for it to be seen by as wide a range of cricket enthusiasts as possible has led to its being mistaken for an official trophy.

It is in fact a private memento, and for this reason the Ashes urn itself is never physically awarded to either England or Australia, but is kept permanently in the MCC Cricket Museum where it can be seen together with the specially-made red and gold velvet bag and the scorecard of the 1882 match.

Due to its fragile condition, the urn has been allowed to travel to Australia only twice. The first occasion was in 1988 for a museum tour as part of Australia's Bicentennial celebrations. The second visit was timed to coincide with the 2006/7 Ashes series. The urn arrived on 17 October 2006, going on display at the Museum of Sydney. The Museum of Sydney is built on the ruins of the house of New South Wales' first Governor Arthur Phillip on the present-day corner of Phillip and Bridge Streets Sydney It then toured to other states, with the final appearance at the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery on 21 January 2007.

In the 1990s, given Australia's long dominance of the Ashes series, and the popular acceptance of the Darnley urn as ‘The Ashes’, the idea was mooted that the victorious team in an Ashes series should be awarded the urn as a trophy and allowed to retain it until the next series. As its condition is fragile, and it is a prized exhibit at the MCC Cricket Museum, the MCC were reluctant to agree. Furthermore, in 2002, Bligh's great-great-grandson (Lord Clifton, the heir-apparent to the Earldom of Darnley) argued that the Ashes urn should not be returned to Australia as it was essentially the property of his family and only given to the MCC for safe-keeping. Earl of Darnley is at title that has been created three times twice in the Peerage of Scotland and once in the Peerage of Ireland.

As a compromise, the MCC commissioned a trophy in the form of a larger-scale replica of the urn in Waterford Crystal to award to the winning team of each series from 1998–99. Waterford Crystal is a Trademark brand of crystal Glassware produced in Waterford, Ireland, and in recent years (largely as sub-brands This did little to diminish the status of the Darnley urn as most important icon in cricket, the symbol of this most ancient and keenly fought of contests.

Series and matches

See also: List of Ashes series for a full listing of all the Ashes series since 1882. This is a list of Ashes cricket series played between Australia and England.

The quest to "recover those ashes"

See also: History of Test cricket (to 1883): The Ashes legend

Later in 1882, following the famous Australian victory at The Oval, the Honourable Ivo Bligh led an England team to Australia, as he said, to "recover those ashes". Test matches in the period 1877 to 1883 were organised somewhat differently from international Cricket matches today Ivo Francis Walter Bligh 8th Earl of Darnley, DL (born 13 March 1859 in London, died 10 April 1927 in Shorne Publicity surrounding the series was intense, and it was at some time during this series that the Ashes urn was crafted. Australia won the First Test by nine wickets, but in the next two England were victorious. The result in a game of Cricket may be a win for one of the two teams playing a draw or a tie. At the end of the Third Test, England were generally considered to have "won back the Ashes" 2–1. A fourth match was in fact played, against a "United Australian XI", which was arguably stronger than the Australian sides that had competed in the previous three matches; this game, however, is not generally considered part of the 1882-83 series. It is counted as a Test, but as a standalone.

1884 to 1896

After Bligh's victory, there was an extended period of English dominance. The tours generally had fewer Tests in the 1880s and 1890s than people have grown accustomed to in more recent years, the first five-Test series taking place only in 1894-95. England only lost four Ashes Tests in the 1880s, out of 23 played, and they won all the seven series contested.

There was more chopping and changing in the teams, given that there was no official board of selectors for each country (in 1887-88, two separate English teams were on tour in Australia) and popularity with the fans varied. The 1890s games were more closely fought, Australia taking their first series win since 1882 with a 2–1 victory in 1891-92. But England still predominated, winning the next three series to 1896 despite continuing player disputes.

The 1894-95 series began in sensational fashion when England won the First Test at Sydney by just 10 runs having followed on. Australia had scored a massive 586 (Syd Gregory 201, George Giffen 161) and then dismissed England for 325. Sydney Edward Gregory ( 14 April 1870 &mdash 1 August 1929) sometimes known as Edward Sydney Gregory, was a Cricketer George Giffen (27 March 1859 &ndash 29 November 1927 was a Cricketer who played for South Australia and Australia. But England responded with 437 and then dramatically dismissed Australia for 166 with Bobby Peel taking 6/67. Robert ("Bobby" Peel ( February 12, 1857 in Leeds – August 12, 1943 in Leeds was a Yorkshire and England At the close of the penultimate day's play, Australia had been 113-2, only needing 64 more runs. But heavy rain fell overnight and next morning the two slow left-arm bowlers, Peel and Johnny Briggs, were all but unplayable. Johnny Briggs (born October 3 1862, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, England; died January 11, 1902, Heald England went on to win the series 3-2 after it had been all square before the Final Test, which England won by 6 wickets. The English heroes were Peel, with 27 wickets in the series at 26. 70, and Tom Richardson, with 32 at 26. Tom Richardson (born August 11, 1870, Byfleet, Surrey; died July 2, 1912, Chambéry, France) was 53.

In 1896, England under the captaincy of W G Grace won the series 2-1, but this marked the end of what remains England's longest period of Ashes dominance. William Gilbert Grace ( 18 July 1848 – 23 October 1915) was an English Cricketer who by his extraordinary skills made

1897 to 1902

Australia resoundingly won the 1897-98 series by 4-1 under the captaincy of Harry Trott. George Henry Stevens "Harry" Trott (5 August 1866 &ndash 10 November 1917 was an Australian Test cricketer who played 24 Test matches as an His successor, Joe Darling won the next three series in 1899, 1901-02 and the classic 1902 series, which became one of the most famous in the history of Test Match cricket. Joseph "Joe" Darling CBE (21 November 1870 &ndash 2 January 1946 was an Australian Cricketer who played 34 Test matches as a The Australian cricket team toured England during the 1902 English cricket season.

Five matches were played in 1902 but the first two were drawn after being hit by bad weather. In the First Test (the first ever played at Edgbaston), after scoring 376, England bowled out Australia for 36 (Wilfred Rhodes 7/17) and reduced them to 46-2 when they followed on. Edgbaston Cricket Ground (also known as Edgbaston Stadium) is a Cricket venue in the Edgbaston area of Birmingham, England. Wilfred Rhodes (born October 29, 1877, North Moor Kirkheaton, near Huddersfield, Yorkshire; died July 8, 1973 Australia won the Third and Fourth Tests at Bramall Lane and Old Trafford respectively. } Bramall Lane Stadium is the home of Sheffield United Football Club in Sheffield, England and is the oldest major stadium in The Old Trafford Cricket Ground, usually known as simply Old Trafford, is a Cricket ground situated on Talbot Road in Old Trafford, an area of At Old Trafford, Australia won by just 3 runs after Victor Trumper had scored 104 on a "bad wicket", reaching his hundred before lunch on the first day. Victor Thomas Trumper (born 2 November 1877 in Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, died 28 June 1915, Darlinghurst England won the last Test at The Oval by one wicket. The Oval PavilionJPG|250px|right|thumb|The Members Pavilion]] The Oval is an international Cricket ground in Kennington, London Chasing 263 to win, they slumped to 48-5 before Jessop's 104 gave them a chance. Gilbert Laird Jessop ( May 19, 1874, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire – May 11, 1955, Fordington, Dorset He reached his hundred in just 75 minutes. The last wicket pair of George Hirst and Rhodes were left with 15 runs to get, and duly got them. George Herbert Hirst (born in Kirkheaton, Huddersfield, Yorkshire on 7 September 1871 - 10 May 1954) often When Rhodes joined him, Hirst is famously supposed to have said: "We'll get them in singles, Wilfred. " The story appears to be apocryphal and in any case they are believed to have scored at least one two among the singles.

The period of Darling's captaincy saw the emergence of several outstanding Australian players such as Trumper, Warwick Armstrong, James Kelly, Monty Noble, Clem Hill, Hugh Trumble and Ernie Jones. Warwick Windridge Armstrong (22 May 1879 &ndash 13 July 1947 was an Australian Cricketer who played 50 Test matches between 1902 and 1921 James Joseph Kelly ( May 10 1867 in Port Melbourne, Victoria - August 14 1938 in Sydney New South Wales Montague (Monty Alfred Noble ( 28 January 1873 &mdash 22 June 1940) was a Cricketer who played for New South Wales Clement "Clem" Hill (18 March 1877 in Hindmarsh, Adelaide, South Australia &ndash 5 September 1945 in Parkville, Melbourne Hugh Trumble (12 May 1867 – 14 August 1938 was an Australian Cricketer who played 32  Test matches as a bowling all-rounder between 1890 Ernest Jones (30 September 1869 Auburn South Australia 23 November 1943 Magill South Australia) was an Australian sportsman playing Test cricket

Reviving the Ashes legend

After what the MCC saw as the problems of the earlier professional and amateur series, they decided to take control of organising tours themselves, and this led to the first MCC tour of Australia in 1903-04. Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC is a private members' club founded in 1787 England won it against the odds, and Plum Warner, the England captain, wrote up his version of the tour in his book How We Recovered The Ashes ^[10]. Sir Pelham Francis Warner ( 2 October 1873 in Port of Spain, Trinidad - 30 January 1963 at West Lavington West Sussex The title of this book revived the Ashes legend and it was after this that England v Australia series were customarily referred to as "The Ashes".

1905 to 1912

England and Australia were evenly matched until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Five more series took place between 1905 and 1912. In 1905 England's captain Stanley Jackson not only won the series 2-0, but also won the toss in all five matches and headed both the batting and the bowling averages. Sir Francis Stanley Jackson (born 21 November 1870 in Leeds, died 9 March 1947 in London) known as the Honourable Monty Noble led Australia to vistory in both 1907-08 and 1909. Then England won in 1911-12 by four matches to one. Jack Hobbs establishing himself as England's first-choice opening batsman with three centuries, while Frank Foster (32 wickets at 21. Sir John Berry Hobbs ( 16 December 1882 - 21 December 1963) generally known as Jack Hobbs, played Cricket for Surrey Francis or Frank Foster may refer to Francis Foster (Australian politician (1872-1948 Frank Foster (cricketer, (1889-1958 62) and Sydney Barnes (34 wickets at 22. Sydney Francis Barnes ( April 19, 1873 &ndash December 26, 1967) usually known simply as S 88) formed a formidable bowling partnership.

England retained the Ashes when they won the 1912 Triangular Tournament, which also featured South Africa. The 1912 Triangular Tournament was a Test cricket competition played between Australia, England and South Africa, the only Test playing The South African cricket team, also known as The Proteas are a national Cricket team representing South Africa However, the 1912 Australian touring party had been severely weakened by a dispute between the board and players that caused Clem Hill, Victor Trumper, Warwick Armstrong, Tibby Cotter, Sammy Carter and Vernon Ransford to be omitted ^[11]. Clement "Clem" Hill (18 March 1877 in Hindmarsh, Adelaide, South Australia &ndash 5 September 1945 in Parkville, Melbourne Victor Thomas Trumper (born 2 November 1877 in Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, died 28 June 1915, Darlinghurst Warwick Windridge Armstrong (22 May 1879 &ndash 13 July 1947 was an Australian Cricketer who played 50 Test matches between 1902 and 1921 Albert "Tibby" Cotter (born December 3, 1884 in Sydney, died October 31, 1917 in Beersheba) was an Australian Hanson ("Sammy" Carter ( March 15, 1878, in Northowram, Yorkshire England - June 8 1948 in Bellevue Hill Vernon Seymour Ransford (born March 20, 1885 in South Yarra Victoria, died March 19, 1958 in Brighton Victoria) was an

1920 to 1933

After the war, Australia took firm control of both the Ashes and world cricket. For the first time, the tactic of using two express bowlers in tandem paid off as Jack Gregory and Ted McDonald regularly destroyed the England batting. Jack Morrison Gregory ( August 14 1895, North Sydney, New South Wales - August 7 1973, Bega New South Wales) Edgar Arthur "Ted" McDonald (born 6 January 1891 at Launceston Tasmania, died 22 July 1937 in a road accident at Blackrod, Bolton, Australia recorded thumping victories both in England and on home soil. They won the first eight matches in succession and England only won one Test out of fifteen from the end of the war until 1925. England suffered a 5-0 whitewash in 1920-1921 at the hands of Warwick Armstrong's team ^[12]. This article is about the term when used in sports for other uses see Whitewash (disambiguation A whitewash is an informal term in sport describing This article describes the history of Australian cricket from the 1918-19 season until 1930 Warwick Windridge Armstrong (22 May 1879 &ndash 13 July 1947 was an Australian Cricketer who played 50 Test matches between 1902 and 1921

In a rain-hit series in 1926, England managed to eke out a 1–0 victory with a win in the final Test at The Oval. Because the series was at stake, the match was to be "timeless": i. e. , played to a finish. Australia had a narrow first innings lead of 22. Jack Hobbs and Herbert Sutcliffe took the score to 49-0 at the end of the second day, a lead of 27. Herbert William Sutcliffe (born November 24, 1894, Summerbridge Harrogate, Yorkshire, England; died January 22 Heavy rain fell overnight, and next day the pitch soon developed into a traditional sticky wicket. England seemed doomed to be bowled out cheaply and to lose the match. In spite of the very difficult batting conditions, however, Hobbs and Sutcliffe took their partnership to 172 before Hobbs was out for exactly 100. Sutcliffe went on to make 161 and in the end England won the game comfortably. ^[13]

Despite the debut of Donald Bradman, Australia could not win the next series in 1928-29 either, losing 4–1. Sir Donald George Bradman, AC (27 August 1908 – 25 February 2001 often referred to as The Don, was an Australian Cricketer widely ^[14] England had a very strong batting side, with Wally Hammond contributing 905 runs at an average of 113. Walter Reginald "Wally" Hammond (born 19 June 1903 in Dover, Kent, died 1 July 1965 in Kloof KwaZulu-Natal 12, and Hobbs, Sutcliffe and Patsy Hendren all scoring heavily; the bowling was more than adequate, without being outstanding. Elias Henry Hendren (born 5 February 1889 in Turnham Green, Middlesex, - 4 October 1962 in Tooting Bec,

But Bradman fulfilled his promise in the 1930 series when he scored a remarkable 974 runs at 139. 14. In the Headingley Test, he made 334, reaching 309* at the end of the first day, including a century before lunch. Headingley Stadium is a sporting complex in the Leeds suburb of Headingley in West Yorkshire, England. Bradman himself thought that his 254 in the preceding match, at Lord's, was a better innings. Lord's Cricket Ground (generally known as Lord's) is a cricket England managed to stay in contention until the deciding final Test at The Oval, but yet another double hundred by Bradman, and 7-92 by Percy Hornibrook in England's second innings, enabled Australia to win by an innings and take the series 2-1. Percival Mitchell Hornibrook (born July 27, 1899, Obi Obi Queensland, died August 25, 1976, Spring Hill Queensland) was Clarrie Grimmett's 29 wickets at 31. Clarence Victor "Clarrie" Grimmett ( December 25, 1891 - May 2, 1980) was a Cricketer although born in New Zealand 89 for Australia in this high-scoring series were also important.

Australia had one of the best batting line-ups ever in the early 1930s with Bradman, Archie Jackson, Stan McCabe, Bill Woodfull and Bill Ponsford. Archibald ("Archie" Jackson (5 September 1909 &ndash 16 February 1933 was an Australian Cricketer who played eight Test matches as a specialist Stanley Joseph McCabe (16 July 1910 &mdash 25 August 1968 was an Australian Cricketer McCabe played 39 Test matches for Australia from 1930 to 1938 and led William Maldon "Bill" Woodfull OBE (22 August 1897 &mdash 11 August 1965 was an Australian Cricketer He captained both Victoria and William Harold Ponsford ( 19 October 1900 &mdash 6 April 1991) was a Cricketer who played for Victoria and Australia It was the prospect of bowling at this line-up that caused England's 1932-33 captain Douglas Jardine to adopt the tactic of fast leg theory, also known as bodyline. Douglas Robert Jardine ( October 23, 1900 - June 18, 1958) was an English Cricketer and captain of the England Leg theory is a bowling tactic in the Sport of Cricket. The term leg theory is somewhat archaic and seldom used any more but the basic tactic For information about the British code name "Bodyline" for the WWII V-2 rocket, see Operation Crossbow.

Jardine instructed his fast bowlers to bowl at the bodies of the Australian batsmen, with the goal of forcing them to defend their bodies with their bats, thus providing easy catches to a stacked leg-side field. Fast bowling, sometimes known as pace bowling, is one of the two main approaches to bowling in the Sport of Cricket. The leg side, or on side, is defined to be a particular half of the field used to play the Sport of Cricket. Jardine insisted that the tactic was legitimate and called it "leg theory" but it was widely disparaged by its opponents, who dubbed it "bodyline" (from "on the line of the body"). Although England won the Ashes, bodyline caused such a furore in Australia that diplomats had to intervene to prevent serious harm to Anglo-Australian relations, and the MCC eventually changed the Laws of cricket to prevent anyone from using the tactic again. Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC is a private members' club founded in 1787 The laws of cricket are a set of rules framed by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC which serve to standardise the format of Cricket matches across the world to ensure

Jardine's comment was: "I've not travelled 6,000 miles to make friends. I'm here to win the Ashes". ^[15]

Although some of Bill Woodfull's men asked him to use the same tactic against the England team, he declined. He famously told the English side's manager, Pelham Warner, "There are two teams out there. Sir Pelham Francis Warner ( 2 October 1873 in Port of Spain, Trinidad - 30 January 1963 at West Lavington West Sussex One is playing cricket; the other is making no attempt to do so". ^[16]

1934 to 1953

On the batting-friendly wickets that prevailed in the late 1930s, most Tests up to the Second World War still gave results. A Cricket pitch is the central strip of the Cricket field between the Wickets The pitch is 1 chain or 22 yards (20 World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including It should be borne in mind that Tests in Australia prior to the war were all played to a finish. Many batting records were set in this period.

The 1934 Ashes series began with the notable absence of the English players Harold Larwood, Bill Voce and Douglas Jardine. The MCC had made it clear, in light of the revelations of the bodyline series, that these players would not face Australia. It should be noted that the MCC, although it had earlier condoned and encouraged bodyline tactics in the 1932-33 series, laid the blame on Harold Larwood when relations turned sour. Larwood was forced by the MCC either to apologise for using bodyline or be removed from the Test side. He went for the latter.

Australia recovered the Ashes in 1934 and held them until 1953, although no international cricket was possible during the Second World War. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

As in 1930, the 1934 series was decided in the final Test at The Oval. Australia, batting first, posted a massive 701 in the first innings. Bradman (244) and Ponsford (266) were in record-breaking form with a partnership of 451 for the second wicket. England eventually faced a massive 707 run target for victory and failed, Australia winning the series 2-1. ^[17]

In 1936-37, Bradman succeeded Woodfull as Australian captain. He won his first series in charge 3-2. The 1938 series was drawn 1-1, Australia retaining the Ashes. The highlight was Len Hutton's then world record score of 364 at The Oval. Sir Leonard Hutton (born June 23, 1916 in Fulneck near Pudsey, Yorkshire, died September 6, 1990 in After the war, England toured in 1946-47 and, as in 1920-21, found that Australia had made the best post-war recovery. Still captained by Bradman and now featuring the potent new ball partnership of Ray Lindwall and Keith Miller, Australia were convincing 3-0 winners. Raymond Russell Lindwall (October 3 1921 - June 23 1996 was a Cricketer who represented Australia in 61 Tests from 1946 to 1960 Keith Ross Miller MBE (28 November 1919 &ndash 11 October 2004 was an Australian Test Cricketer and a World War II pilot of the Royal Australian Air Force

In 1948, Australia created new standards, completely outplaying England to win 4-0 with one draw. This Australian team, led by the now 39-year-old Bradman on his final tour of England, has gone down in cricketing legend as The Invincibles. The Australian cricket team in England in 1948 was captained by Don Bradman, who was making his fourth and final tour of England Playing 36 first-class matches on tour, including the five Tests, they remained unbeaten by winning 27 and drawing only 9.

The 1948 series ended with one of the most poignant moments in cricket history, as Bradman played his final innings for Australia in the Fifth Test at The Oval needing to score only 4 runs to maintain a career batting average of 100. Batting average is a Statistic in both Cricket and Baseball measuring the performance of cricket batsmen and baseball hitters, respectively Eric Hollies bowled him second ball for a duck with a googly, sending him into retirement with a career average of 99. William Eric Hollies ( June 5 1912 in Old Hill, Staffordshire – April 16 1981, Chinley, Derbyshire 94.

Bradman was succeeded as Australian captain by Lindsay Hassett, who led the team to another resounding victory in 1950-51, when they defeated England 4-1. Arthur Lindsay Hassett MBE (28 August 1913&ndash16 June 1993 was a Cricketer who played for Victoria and Australia.

But the tide finally turned in 1953 when England won the final Test at The Oval to take the series 1-0. This was the beginning of a great period in English cricket history with players like captain Len Hutton, Fred Trueman, Brian Statham, Alec Bedser, Jim Laker, Peter May, Tom Graveney, Godfrey Evans and Colin Cowdrey. Frederick Sewards Trueman OBE (February 6 1931 – July 1 2006 was a Yorkshire and England Cricketer regarded as one of the greatest John Brian "George" Statham CBE ( June 17, 1930, Denton, Manchester – June 10, 2000, Stockport Sir Alec Victor Bedser, CBE, (born 4 July 1918) was a professional English Cricketer chairman of selectors for the English national James Charles Laker ( February 9 1922 &ndash April 23 1986) was a Cricketer who played for England in the 1950s most famous Peter Barker Howard May, CBE ( 31 December, 1929 &mdash 27 December, 1994) was an English Cricketer who played Thomas William Graveney (born June 16 1927) in Riding Mill, Northumberland, is a former English Cricketer and was the President Thomas Godfrey Evans CBE ( August 18, 1920 &ndash May 3, 1999) was an English Cricketer who played for Michael Colin Cowdrey Baron Cowdrey of Tonbridge, Kt, CBE ( December 24, 1932 - December 4, 2000) was an English

1954 to 1971

In 1954-55, Australia's batsmen had no answer to the pace of Frank Tyson and Brian Statham. Frank Holmes Tyson (born 6 June 1930 in Farnworth, near Bolton, Lancashire) was an England Cricketer of the John Brian "George" Statham CBE ( June 17, 1930, Denton, Manchester – June 10, 2000, Stockport After winning the First Test, Australia lost its way and England took a hat-trick of victories to win the series 3-1. ^[18]

A see-sawing series in 1956 saw a record that will probably never be beaten: off-spinner Jim Laker's monumental effort at Old Trafford when he bowled 68 of 191 overs to take nineteen out of twenty possible Australian wickets. James Charles Laker ( February 9 1922 &ndash April 23 1986) was a Cricketer who played for England in the 1950s most famous The Old Trafford Cricket Ground, usually known as simply Old Trafford, is a Cricket ground situated on Talbot Road in Old Trafford, an area of ^[19] Never has the phrase "he won the match single-handedly" been more appropriate.

England's dominance was not to last, however. Australia won 4–0 in 1958-59, having found a good bowler of their own in new skipper Richie Benaud, who took 31 wickets in the 5-Test series. Richard "Richie" Benaud OBE (born October 6 1930 in Penrith New South Wales) is an Australian former Cricketer who since his retirement from

England failed to win any series during the 1960s, a period dominated by draws as teams found it more prudent to save face with a draw than risk losing. Of a total of 25 Ashes Tests playing during this decade, Australia won seven and England three. It was in the 1960s that the predominance of England and Australia in world cricket was seriously challenged for the first time. West Indies defeated England twice in the mid-sixties and then South Africa, in its last series before it was banned, completely outplayed Australia.

In 1970-71, Ray Illingworth led England to a 2-0 win in Australia, mainly because of John Snow's fast bowling, while Geoffrey Boycott and John Edrich scored the runs. Raymond ("Ray" Illingworth (born 8 June 1932 in Pudsey) is a former English Cricketer, Cricket commentator and cricket administrator John Augustine Snow (born 13 October, 1941) was a prominent Cricketer who played for Sussex and England during the 1960s and 1970s Geoffrey Boycott OBE (born 21 October 1940 is a former Cricketer for Yorkshire and England. John Hugh Edrich MBE (born 21 June 1937 in Blofield, Norfolk)is a former English Cricketer who played for It was not until the last session of what was the 7th Test (one match having been abandoned without a ball bowled) that England's success was secured. The Australian captain Bill Lawry was sacked in the middle of the series after the selectors lost patience with Australia's lack of success and dour strategy. William Morris "Bill" Lawry, AM (born 11 February 1937) is a former Cricketer who played for Victoria and Australia Lawry was not informed of the decision privately and heard his fate over the radio ^[20], a medium in which he later made another successful career.

1972 to 1987

The 1972 series finished all square at 2-2, with England under Illingworth retaining the Ashes ^[21].

In the 1974-75 series, with the England team breaking up and their best batsman Geoff Boycott refusing to play, Australian pace bowlers Jeff Thomson and Dennis Lillee wreaked havoc. Jeffrey Robert Thomson (born 16 August 1950 in Greenacre New South Wales) is a former Australian Cricketer Known as "Thommo" he was one of the fastest Dennis Keith Lillee, MBE (born 18 July 1949 in Subiaco, Western Australia) is a former Australian Cricketer rated as the "outstanding fast A 4-1 result was a fair reflection as England were left shell shocked. ^[22] England then lost the 1975 series 0-1, but at least restored some pride under new captain Tony Greig ^[23]. Anthony "Tony" William Greig (born October 6, 1946) is a former English Test cricketer and currently a commentator

Australia won the 1977 Centenary Test ^[24] which was not an Ashes contest but then a storm broke as Kerry Packer announced his intention to form World Series Cricket. Kerry Francis Bullmore Packer, AC (17 December 1937 &ndash 26 December 2005 son of Sir Frank Packer, was an Australian publishing media and gaming tycoon World Series Cricket (WSC was a break away professional Cricket competition staged between 1977 and 1979 and organised by Kerry Packer for his Australian television ^[25] WSC affected all test playing nations but it weakened Australia especially as the bulk of its players had signed up with Packer; the Australian Cricket Board (ACB) would not select WSC-contracted players and an almost completely new test team had to be formed. WSC coincided with the decline of both the Australian and English teams; the Ashes had long been seen as a sort of cricket world championship but the rise of the West Indies in the late 1970s would throw that view into doubt. The West Indies would go on to record resounding test series wins over Australia and England and dominated world cricket until the 1990s.

With Greig having joined WSC, England appointed Mike Brearley as their captain and he enjoyed great success against Australia. John Michael Brearley OBE (born in Harrow, Middlesex, on 28 April, 1942) is a former Cricketer who captained the England Largely assisted by the return of Geoff Boycott, Brearley's England team won the 1977 series 3-0 and then completed an overwhelming 5-1 series win against an Australian side missing its WSC players in 1978-79. Allan Border made his Test debut for Australia in 1978-79. Allan Robert Border, AO (born 27 July 1955 is a former Australian Cricket captain

Brearley retired from Test cricket in 1979 and was succeeded by Ian Botham, who started the 1981 series as England captain. Sir Ian Terence Botham, OBE (born 24 November 1955) is a former England Test Cricketer and Test team captain and current The tour by the Australian cricket team in England in 1981 included the 51st Ashes series of Test matches between Australia and England. After Australia took a 1-0 lead in the first two Tests, Botham was forced to resign or was sacked (depending on the source). Brearley surprisingly agreed to be reappointed before the Third Test at Headingley. This was a remarkable match in which Australia looked certain to take a 2-0 series lead after they had forced England to follow-on 227 runs behind. England, despite being 135 for 7, produced a second innings total of 356 with ex-skipper Botham scoring 149*. Chasing just 130, Australia were sensationally dismissed for 111, Bob Willis taking 8/43. Robert ("Bob" George Dylan Willis (born in Sunderland 30 May 1949) is a former Cricketer who played for Surrey, It was the first time since 1894-95 that a team following on had won a Test match. Under Brearley's leadership, England went on to win the next two matches before a drawn final match at The Oval ^[26].

In 1982-83, Australia had Greg Chappell back from WSC as captain, while the England team was weakened by the enforced omission of their South African tour rebels, particularly Graham Gooch and John Emburey. Gregory Stephen Chappell, MBE (born 7 August 1948 in Unley South Australia) is a former cricketer who captained Australia between 1975 and 1977 and then joined the See also International cricket in South Africa (1971 to 1981 The South African rebel tours were a series of cricket tours staged during the 1980s when South Graham Alan Gooch, OBE (born July 23 1953) is a former Cricketer who captained Essex and England. John Ernest Emburey (born 20 August 1952 in Peckham) is a former English Cricketer who played for Middlesex, Australia went two-nil up after three Tests, but England won the Fourth Test by 3 runs (after a 70-run last wicket stand) to set up the final decider, which was drawn ^[27].

In 1985, David Gower's England team was strengthened by the return of Gooch and Emburey as well as the emergence at international level of Tim Robinson and Mike Gatting. David Ivon Gower, OBE (born April 1, 1957) is a retired Cricket player and current cricket broadcaster Robert Timothy Robinson (born November 21, 1958, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire) is an English former Cricketer and Michael William Gatting OBE (born Kingsbury 6 June 1957 usually known as Mike, was an English Cricketer who played First-class cricket Australia, now captained by Allan Border, had themselves been weakened by a rebel South African tour, the loss of Terry Alderman being a particular factor. Allan Robert Border, AO (born 27 July 1955 is a former Australian Cricket captain Terence Michael Alderman (born 12 June 1956 in Subiaco Western Australia, Australia is a former Australian Cricketer. England won 3-1.

Despite suffering heavy defeats by West Indies during the 1980s, England continued to do well in the Ashes. Mike Gatting was the captain in 1986-87 but his team started badly and attracted some criticism ^[28]. Then Chris Broad scored three hundreds in successive Tests and bowling successes from Graham Dilley and Gladstone Small meant England won the series 2-1 ^[29]. Brian Christopher "Chris" Broad (born September 29, 1957, Knowle, Bristol is a former England Test Cricketer and current Graham Roy Dilley (born 18 May 1959 in Dartford, Kent) is a former English Cricketer whose main role was as a For more coverage of cricket go to the Cricket portal. Gladstone Cleophas Small (born October 18, 1961 in St At the time, few would have predicted that England would have to wait until 2005 to win the Ashes again.

1989 to 2003

The Australian team of 1989 was comparable to the great Australian teams of the past, and resoundingly defeated England 4–0 ^[30]. Well led by Allan Border, the team included the young cricketers Mark Taylor, Merv Hughes, David Boon, Ian Healy and Steve Waugh, who were all to prove long-serving and successful Ashes competitors. Allan Robert Border, AO (born 27 July 1955 is a former Australian Cricket captain Mark Anthony Taylor, AO (born 27 October 1964 in Leeton New South Wales; nicknamed "Tubby" or "Tubs" was an Australian Cricket Mervyn Gregory Hughes (born 23 November 1961 Euroa Victoria) is a Australian former Cricket player Ian Andrew Healy (nicknamed "Heals" (born 30 April 1964 in Brisbane Queensland) is a former Cricketer who played for Queensland and Stephen Rodger Waugh, AO (born 2 June 1965 in Canterbury New South Wales) is a former Australian cricketer and fraternal twin of Mark Waugh England, now led once again by David Gower, suffered from injuries and poor form. David Ivon Gower, OBE (born April 1, 1957) is a retired Cricket player and current cricket broadcaster During the Fourth Test news broke that prominent England players had agreed to take part in a "rebel tour" of South Africa the following winter; three of them (Tim Robinson, Neil Foster and John Emburey) were playing in the match, and were subsequently dropped from the England side ^[31]. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa

There can be little doubt that Australia reached a cricketing peak in the 1990s and early 2000s, coupled with a general decline in England's fortunes. After re-establishing its credibility in 1989, Australia underlined its superiority with a succession of victories in the 1990-91, 1993, 1994-95, 1997, 1998-99, 2001 and 2002-03 series, all by convincing margins.

Great Australian players in the early years included batsmen Allan Border, David Boon and Mark Taylor. Allan Robert Border, AO (born 27 July 1955 is a former Australian Cricket captain Mark Taylor may refer to Mark Taylor (actor, Canadian television actor ( Drop the Beat) Mark Taylor (cricketer, Australian The captaincy passed from Border to Taylor in the mid-1990s and then to Steve Waugh before the 2001 series. In the latter part of the 1990s Waugh himself, along with his twin brother Mark, scored heavily for Australia and fast bowler Glenn McGrath made a serious impact. Glenn Donald McGrath AM (pronounced) (born 9 February 1970 in Dubbo New South Wales) nicknamed "Pigeon" is a former Australian cricket player The wicketkeeper-batsman position was held by Ian Healy for most of the 1990s and by Adam Gilchrist from 2001 to 2006-07. Ian Andrew Healy (nicknamed "Heals" (born 30 April 1964 in Brisbane Queensland) is a former Cricketer who played for Queensland and In the 2000s, batsmen Justin Langer, Damien Martyn and Matthew Hayden became noted players for Australia. Justin Lee Langer AM (born 21 November 1970 in Perth) is a former Australian Cricketer A left-handed Batsman, his opening partnership Damien Richard Martyn (born 21 October 1971 in Darwin, Northern Territory) is a former Australian Cricketer He played for the national team sporadically Matthew Lawrence Hayden (29 October 1971 is an Australian Cricketer. But the most dominant Australian player was legspinner Shane Warne, whose first delivery in Ashes cricket in 1993 became known as the ball of the century. Shane Keith Warne (born 13 September 1969 is a former Australian international Cricketer who is widely regarded as one of the The Ball of the Century, also referred to as the Gatting Ball or simply That Ball, is the nickname given to a

Australia's record between 1989 and 2005 had a significant impact on the statistics between the two sides. Before the 1989 series began, the win-loss ratio between the two sides was almost even with 87 Ashes test wins for Australia to England's 86, with a further 74 tests having been drawn. ^[32] By the time of the 2005 series, Australia's wins had increased to 115 whereas England's had increased to only 93 (and a further 82 draws). ^[33] In the period between 1989 and the beginning of the 2005 series, the two sides had played 43 times; Australia winning 28 times, England 7 times, with 8 draws. Even more astonishingly, only a single England victory had come in a match in which the Ashes were still at stake, namely the First Test of the 1997 series. All others were consolation victories when the Ashes had been secured by Australia. ^[34]

2005 to present

England finally began to recover in the early 2000s and were undefeated in Test matches through the 2004 calendar year. This elevated them to second in the ICC Test Championship and raised hopes that the 2005 Ashes series would be closely fought. ICC Test Championship is a national competition run by the International Cricket Council in the Sport of Cricket for the 10 nations that play Test The 2005 Ashes series was that year's edition of the long-standing and storied Cricket rivalry between England and Australia.

In fact, the series was more competitive than anyone had predicted and was still undecided as the closing session of the final Test began. The First Test at Lord's was convincingly won by Australia, but in the remaining four matches the teams were evenly matched and England fought back to win the Second Test by 2 runs, the smallest victory by a runs margin in Ashes history, and the second-closest such victory in all Tests. Lord's Cricket Ground (generally known as Lord's) is a cricket

The rain-affected Third Test ended with the last two Australian batsmen holding out for a draw and England won the Fourth Test by three wickets after forcing Australia to follow-on for the first time in 191 Tests. Follow-on is a term used in the Sport of Cricket to describe a situation where the team that bats second is forced to take its second batting innings immediately after A draw in the final Test gave England victory in an Ashes series for the first time in 18 years and their first Ashes victory at home since 1985. Experienced journalists including Richie Benaud rated the series as the most exciting in living memory. It has been compared with the great series of the distant past, such as 1894-95 and 1902.

Australia regained The Ashes in the 2006-07 series with a convincing 5-0 victory, the second time an Ashes series has been won by that margin. Glenn McGrath, Shane Warne and Justin Langer retired from Test cricket after the series, having been the backbone of the Australian team for almost a decade. Glenn Donald McGrath AM (pronounced) (born 9 February 1970 in Dubbo New South Wales) nicknamed "Pigeon" is a former Australian cricket player Shane Keith Warne (born 13 September 1969 is a former Australian international Cricketer who is widely regarded as one of the Justin Lee Langer AM (born 21 November 1970 in Perth) is a former Australian Cricketer A left-handed Batsman, his opening partnership Damien Martyn also retired during the series ^[35]. Damien Richard Martyn (born 21 October 1971 in Darwin, Northern Territory) is a former Australian Cricketer He played for the national team sporadically

The next series will take place in England in 2009.

Summary of results and statistics

See also: List of Ashes series for a full listing of all the Ashes series since 1882. This is a list of Ashes cricket series played between Australia and England.

A team must win a series to gain the right to hold the Ashes. A drawn series results in the previous holders retaining the Ashes. To date, a total of 64 Ashes series have been played, with Australia winning 31 and England 28. The remaining five series were drawn, with Australia retaining the Ashes four times (1938, 1962–63, 1965–66, 1968) and England retaining it once (1972). The win-loss ratio in Ashes tests only^[36] (up to and including the 2006/07 series) stands at 121 wins for Australia to 95 wins for England, with a further 84 draws. ^[37]

Ashes series have generally been played over five Test matches, although there have been four match series (1938; 1975) and six match series (1970–71; 1974–75; 1978–79; 1981; 1985; 1989; 1993 and 1997). 300 matches have been played, with Australia winning 121 times, England 95 times, and 84 draws. Australians have made 264 centuries in Ashes Tests, twenty-three of them over 200, while Englishmen have scored 212 centuries, of which ten have been scores over 200. In the Sport of Cricket, a Batsman reaches his century when he scores 100 or more runs in the Innings. On 41 occasions, individual Australians have taken ten wickets in a match. In the sport of Cricket the word wicket has several distinct meanings Meanings of wicket Set of stumps Primarily the wicket Englishmen have performed that feat 38 times.

The Ashes today

The Ashes is one of the most fiercely contested competitions in cricket.

The failure of England to regain the Ashes for 16 years from 1989, coupled with the global dominance of the Australian team, had dulled the lustre of the series in recent years throughout most of the cricketing world, although it has remained the most popular cricketing contest for Australians. However the close results in the 2005 Ashes series, and the overall high quality and competitiveness of the cricket greatly boosted the popularity of the sport in Britain and considerably enhanced the profile of the Ashes around the world. The 2005 Ashes series was that year's edition of the long-standing and storied Cricket rivalry between England and Australia. It remains to be seen whether the lopsided results of the 2006-07 Ashes series will have a negative impact on this newly acquired popularity outside of Australia.

Match venues

The series alternate between England and Australia, and within each country each of the (usually) five matches is held at a different cricket ground. This is a list of Test cricket grounds. Since the first Cricket Test match in Australia in 1877 96 grounds have hosted Test cricket, the most

In Australia, the grounds currently used are "The Gabba" in Brisbane (first staged an England-Australia Test in the 1932–33 season), Adelaide Oval (1884–85), The WACA, Perth (1970–71) the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) (1876–77) and the Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) (1881–82). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The 'Gabba is a major sports Stadium in the Queensland capital of Brisbane. The Adelaide Oval is a sports ground in Adelaide, South Australia. The WACA (pronounced wakka) is a sports Stadium in Perth Western Australia. The Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG is a sports Stadium in Sydney. One Test was held at the Brisbane Exhibition Ground in 1928–29. The Brisbane Exhibition Ground (also known as the RNA Showgrounds and the Ekka Grounds) is a showground established in Brisbane during 1875 especially Traditionally, Melbourne hosts the Boxing Day Test. The Boxing Day Test match is a Cricket Test match hosted in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia involving Australian cricket team Cricket Australia has proposed that the 2010–11 series consist of six Tests, with the additional game to be played at Bellerive Oval in Hobart. Bellerive Oval is a sports ground in Bellerive, eastern shore of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. The England Cricket Board is yet to agree to this.

In England the grounds used are The Oval (since 1880), Old Trafford (1884), Lord's (1884), Trent Bridge (1899), Headingley (1899) and Edgbaston (1902). England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Oval PavilionJPG|250px|right|thumb|The Members Pavilion]] The Oval is an international Cricket ground in Kennington, London The Old Trafford Cricket Ground, usually known as simply Old Trafford, is a Cricket ground situated on Talbot Road in Old Trafford, an area of Lord's Cricket Ground (generally known as Lord's) is a cricket Trent Bridge is a Test, One-day international and County Cricket ground located in West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire, Headingley Stadium is a sporting complex in the Leeds suburb of Headingley in West Yorkshire, England. Edgbaston Cricket Ground (also known as Edgbaston Stadium) is a Cricket venue in the Edgbaston area of Birmingham, England. One Test was held at Bramall Lane, Sheffield in 1902. } Bramall Lane Stadium is the home of Sheffield United Football Club in Sheffield, England and is the oldest major stadium in Sophia Gardens in Cardiff, Wales is scheduled to hold the first (and its first) Test in the 2009 Ashes series. SWALEC Stadium is a Cricket stadium on the west bank of the River Taff in Cardiff, one mile north of Cardiff Arms Park and was originally known Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales.

The Ashes outside cricket

The popularity and reputation of the cricket series has led to many other events taking the name for England against Australia contests. The best-known and longest-running of these events is the rugby league contest between Great Britain and Australia (see The Ashes (rugby league)). History See also History of rugby league The grass roots of rugby league can be traced to early football history, through the playing of ball games Great Britain was traditionally one of the major national teams playing Rugby league. The Ashes is the name given to the trophy awarded to the winner of Rugby league test series between Great Britain and Australia. The contest first started in 1908, the name being suggested by the touring Australians. Another example is in the British television show Gladiators, where two series were based around the Australia–England contest. See also Gladiators (2008 UK TV series Gladiators was a British television series produced by LWT for ITV from 10 October

The urn is also featured in the science fiction comedy novel Life, the Universe and Everything, the third "Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy" book by Douglas Adams. Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Life the Universe and Everything ( 1982, ISBN 0-345-39182-9 is the third book in the five-volume Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a science fiction comedy series Douglas Noël Adams (11 March 1952 &ndash 11 May 2001 was an English author comic Radio dramatist The urn is stolen by alien robots, as it is part of the key needed to unlock the "Wikkit Gate" and release the imprisoned world of "Krikkit".

In the cinema, the Ashes featured in the film The Final Test, released in 1953, based on a television play by Terence Rattigan. Sir Terence Mervyn Rattigan ( June 10 1911 – November 30 1977) was one of England 's most popular 20th century Dramatists It stars Jack Warner as an England cricketer playing the last Test of his career, which is the last of an Ashes series; the film contains cameo appearances from prominent contemporary Ashes cricketers including Jim Laker and Denis Compton. This article is about Jack Warner the English film and television actor James Charles Laker ( February 9 1922 &ndash April 23 1986) was a Cricketer who played for England in the 1950s most famous Denis Charles Scott Compton CBE (23 May 1918 in Hendon, Middlesex – 23 April 1997 in Windsor, Berkshire) was an English ^[38]

See also

• Ball of the Century
• History of Test cricket from 1877 to 1883
• History of Test cricket from 1884 to 1889
• History of Test cricket from 1890 to 1900

Notes

References

• Birley, D. (2003). A Social History of English Cricket. London: Aurum Press. ISBN 1-85410-941-3.  
• Frith, D. (1990). Australia versus England: a pictorial history of every Test match since 1877. Victoria (Australia): Penguin Books. ISBN 0-670-90323-X.  
• Gibb, J. (1979). Test cricket records from 1877. London: Collins. ISBN 0-00-411690-9.  
• Gibson, A. (1989). Cricket Captains of England. London: Pavilion Books. ISBN 1-85145-395-4.  
• Green, B. (1979). Wisden Anthology 1864–1900. London: M & J/QA Press. ISBN 0-356-10732-9.  
• Harte, Chris (2003). Penguin history of Australian cricket. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-670-04133-5.  
• Munns, J. (1994). Beyond reasonable doubt - Rupertswood, Sunbury - the birthplace of the Ashes. Australia: Joy Munns. ISBN 0-646-22153-1.  
• Warner, P. (1987). Lord's 1787–1945. London: Pavilion Books. ISBN 1-85145-112-9.  
• Warner, P. (2004). How we recovered the Ashes : MCC Tour 1903–1904. London: Methuen. ISBN 0-413-77399-X.  
• Wynne-Thomas, P. (1989). The complete history of cricket tours at home and abroad. London: Hamlyn. ISBN 0-600-55782-0.  
• The Ashes. Marylebone Cricket Club. Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC is a private members' club founded in 1787 Retrieved on 2007-01-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.

Other

• Wisden's Cricketers Almanack (various editions)

External links

• MCC Museum's history of the Ashes
• Visit the Ashes urn at Lord's
• Cricinfo's Ashes site
• History of the Ashes published by Melbourne Cricket Club Library
• The Origin of the Ashes - Rex Harcourt
• The Ashes Tray
• Ashes that Aussies can’t win - Article in The Telegraph

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