Citizendia

The Aerospace Corporation
TypeNot-for-profit corporation
Founded1960
HeadquartersEl Segundo, California, USA
Key peopleDr. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. El Segundo is also the name of a champion Australian racehorse The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Wanda Austin (President and CEO)
IndustryAerospace
Employees3850
Websitewww.aero.org

The Aerospace Corporation is a private, non-profit corporation headquartered in El Segundo, California that has operated a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) for the United States Air Force since 1960. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" This article is about the field of research and industry for the corporation see The Aerospace Corporation Aerospace comprises the Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages El Segundo is also the name of a champion Australian racehorse California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The purposes of the corporation are exclusively scientific: to engage in, assist and contribute to the support of scientific activities and projects for, and to perform and engage in research, development and advisory services to or for, the United States Government. [1] As the FFRDC for national-security space, Aerospace works closely with organizations such as the U. S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC) and the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) to provide "objective technical analyses and assessments for space programs that serve the national interest. The Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC is a part of Air Force Space Command of the United States Air Force. The National Reconnaissance Office ( NRO) located in Chantilly "[2]

Contents

History

On July 1, 1954, the Western Development Division (WDD) of the United States Air Force was established, under the command of Brig. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever. Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. General Bernard Adolph Schriever ( September 14, 1910 &ndash June 20, 2005) was born in Bremen Germany, and after immigrating to the WDD was responsible for the development of the ICBM. The Ramo Wooldridge Corporation (RW) was identified as the civilian organization responsible for systems engineering for the ICBM program. Their Space Technology Laboratories (STL) was responsible for all missile tasks. Despite early successes, there was criticism from both government and industry on the role RW played as systems engineer, in particular that RW held a privileged position with the Air Force. In 1958 RW merged with Thompson Products to became TRW and the Space Technology Laboratories became an independent subsidiary of TRW, but concerns regarding conflicts of interest persisted. TRW Incorporated was an American Corporation involved in a number of businesses mostly defense-related but including Automotive, Aerospace and In September 1959, United States Congress issued House Report 1121 which recommended that STL be converted into a non-profit institution. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses [3] Congress wanted the establishment of an organization, free from conflict of interest, to aid the Air Force in “applying the full resources of modern science and technology to the problem of achieving those continuing advances in ballistic missiles and military space systems. A ballistic missile is a Missile that follows a Sub-orbital ballistic flightpath with the objective of delivering a warhead to a predetermined target ”[4]

On June 30, 1960 Aerospace was established under the laws of the State of California as a nonprofit corporation. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. [5] On June 25, 1960, at a press conference held at the U. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians S. Air Force Ballistic Missile Division headquarters in El Segundo, California, Lt. Gen. Bernard A. Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the Schriever announced the “formation of a new nonprofit organization, The Aerospace Corporation, to serve the Air Force in the scientific and technical planning and management of missile-space programs. ”[6]

Among the earliest projects it supported were the Dyna-Soar orbital spaceplane, Project Mercury, and the man-rating of the Atlas (rocket) intercontinental ballistic missile. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A spaceplane is a Rocket plane designed to pass the Edge of space. Atlas is a family of US space Launch vehicles The original Atlas missile was designed in the late 1950s The Aerospace Corporation provided general systems engineering and technical direction for the Titan II missile, first tested in 1962, which became the launch vehicle for Project Gemini. The Titan II was an Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM and space launcher developed by the Glenn L Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Team The Gemini program was managed by the Manned Spacecraft Center Houston Texas under direction of the Office of Manned Space Flight NASA Headquarters Washington Other notable projects of the 1960s include the advanced ballistic re-entry system (ABRES), the Air Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL), the Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS), and the Defense Support Program (DSP). The Manned Orbital Laboratory ( MOL) was part of the United States Air Force 's Manned spaceflight program a successor to the cancelled X-20 Dyna-Soar The Defense Satellite Communications System ( DSCS) provides the United States with military communications to support globally distributed military users The Defense Support Program (DSP is a program of the US Air Force that operates the Reconnaissance satellites which form the principal component of the Satellite

During the 1970s, Aerospace began performing advance space program analysis and program studies for NASA’s development of the Space Transportation System (STS), more commonly known as the space shuttle. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program NASA 's Space Shuttle, officially called the Space Transportation System ( STS) is the Spacecraft currently used by the United States Aerospace also began tests on airborne UHF terminals for the Air Force Satellite Communications System, AFSATCOM. In the mid-70s Aerospace assumed general systems engineering and integration responsibility for the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP monitors Meteorological, oceanographic and solar-terrestrial physics for the United States Department of Defense Beginning in 1973, a program office was established to assist the Air Force in the creation of the Global Positioning System (GPS). Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Basic concept of GPS operation A GPS receiver calculates its position by carefully timing the signals sent by the constellation of GPS Satellites high above the Earth In recognition of their GPS collaboration, Aerospace shared the 1992 Robert J. Collier Trophy, the nation’s highest award for aeronautical achievement, "for the most significant development for safe and efficient navigation and surveillance of air and spacecraft since the introduction of radio navigation 50 years ago. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) The Collier Trophy is an annual Aviation award administered by the U " [7]

Throughout the 1980s, Aerospace supported the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS), the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), the Milstar and DSCS satellite communication systems, and antisatellite (ASAT) programs. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. The Inertial Upper Stage or IUS is a two-stage solid-fueled booster rocket developed by NASA and the U The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI was a proposal by US President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983 to use ground and space-based systems to protect Milstar (originally an acronym for Military Strategic and Tactical Relay ', but now a name with no inherent meaning is a United States government Satellite communications The Defense Satellite Communications System ( DSCS) provides the United States with military communications to support globally distributed military users Anti-satellite weapons (ASATs are Space weapons designed to destroy Satellites for strategic military purposes They provided planning, design, and evaluation for the Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN) and the Consolidated Space Operations Center at Schriever Air Force Base in Colorado. The Air Force Satellite Control Network ( AFSCN) provides support for the operation control and maintenance of a variety of United States Department of Defense and Schriever Air Force Base (Schriever AFB is a base of the United States Air Force located approximately 10 miles (16 kilometers east of Peterson AFB near Colorado During this same time period, the company also provided systems engineering and integration for launch vehicles, including the Atlas, Titan II, Titan IV, and Delta II. Atlas is a family of US space Launch vehicles The original Atlas missile was designed in the late 1950s The Titan II was an Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM and space launcher developed by the Glenn L The Titan IV family (including the IVA and IVB of Space boosters were used by the U

In the 1990s, Aerospace participated in the planning and development of system requirements for the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program, the next generation of launch vehicles. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 The Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle ( EELV) program is a United States government, primarily a Department of Defense –sponsored effort begun in the They continued to provide launch vehicle systems engineering for the Atlas II, Delta III, and Titan IVB. Atlas II was a member of the Atlas family of Launch vehicles which evolved from the successful Atlas missile program of the 1950s The Delta III rocket was an expendable Launch vehicle made by Boeing. The Titan IV family (including the IVA and IVB of Space boosters were used by the U Satellite program support included Wideband Gapfiller, Space Based Laser, the Ultrahigh-Frequency Follow-On program, and the Global Broadcast Service. Throughout the second half of the 90s, the corporation conducted independent assessments for the International Space Station, provided technical support for the Cassini spacecraft, and supported the acquisition of the Space-Based Infrared System (SBIRS) satellite constellation. Cassini–Huygens is a joint NASA / ESA / ASI Robotic spacecraft mission currently studying the planet Saturn and its The Space-Based Infrared System (SBIRS (pronounced "sibirs" is a consolidated system intended to meet United States Infrared space surveillance needs through

Most recently, The Aerospace Corporation provided further technical assistance to EELV programs including the Atlas V and Delta IV, and supported planning for Space Radar to provide global persistent intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance to the Department of Defense. The Atlas V Rocket is an Expendable launch vehicle formerly built by Lockheed Martin and now built by the Lockheed Martin- Boeing joint venture The Delta IV is a family of Delta Rockets designed by Boeing 's Integrated Defense Systems division and built in United Launch Alliance's Space-based Radar refers to space-borne radar systems that may have any of a variety of purposes The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Aerospace has been involved in the analysis of concept designs for the Space Tracking and Surveillance System (SSTS). Aerospace plays an integral role in the development of the Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) program that will replace the Milstar system. The Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF system will provide connectivity across the spectrum of mission areas including Another new system Aerospace is supporting is the Transformation Communications MILSATCOM architecture to link military and reconnaissance communication networks. Aerospace remains a significant partner in the continuing evolution of the GPS system. Aerospace has been playing a leading role in the planning and acquisition of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (or GOES) program is a key element in United States' National Weather Service (NWS operations The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) is a scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the In 2005, Aerospace supported the Air Force Affordable Responsive Spacelift (ARES) launch system demonstration program. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [4]

Capabilities

The Aerospace Corporation, as the FFRDC for national security space, primarily supports the Space and Missile Systems Center of the Air Force Space Command, as well as the National Reconnaissance Office. The Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC is a part of Air Force Space Command of the United States Air Force. The National Reconnaissance Office ( NRO) located in Chantilly Their 45-year history working side by side with these organizations has made Aerospace the national memory and data repository for launch and satellite systems. They provide scientific and engineering support for launch, space, and related ground systems that serve the national interest.

The Department of Defense has identified five core competencies for the Aerospace FFRDC: launch certification, system-of-systems engineering, systems development and acquisition, process implementation, and technology application. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government [8]

Aerospace also manages support to programs for NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), as well as other civil and some commercial space customers. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) is a scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the

The Aerospace Corporation sponsors several annual conferences and workshops including planetary defense, space systems engineering, space power, and spacecraft thermal control.

Organization

Space Launch Operations

Space Launch Operations members support Air Force and NRO launch programs by monitoring and collecting data from national security launches. It is responsible for conducting the Aerospace independent launch readiness verification process for legacy and EELV launches. This group focuses on lessons learned, data, and best practices sharing among launch programs. [2]

Space Program Operations

Space Program Operations works with the Air Force, government, and industry partners to develop military satellites and advanced national-security satellite systems. It oversees four major spacecraft and space system areas: communications, surveillance, weather, and navigation. [9] Much emphasis is placed upon the life cycle for systems--as space programs are designed, acquired, and fielded.

Engineering and Technology Group

The Engineering and Technology Group is Aerospace's core science and engineering organization, providing cross-program technical support to a variety of military, civil, commercial, and corporate projects. Consisting of nearly half of the company's technical force, the group is made up of six specialty organizations: Laboratory Operations, Communications and Networking Division, Computers and Software Division, Electronics and Sensors Division, Systems Engineering Division, Vehicle Systems Division. [10] Members of ETG assess and evaluate existing and new space technologies, investigate and resolve anomalies, and conduct research and development.

National Systems Group

The National Systems Group is responsible for systems engineering and integrations support for NRO space programs. Through methods such as technical and engineering analyses, concept design studies, and direct on-site support, they provide planning, development, and deployment services for reconnaissance space systems. [9] NSG's focus is to apply a systems engineering approach to national intelligence programs in order to provide objective technical recommendations and solutions.

Systems Planning and Engineering

Systems Planning and Engineering provides customer support to all national-security space programs. Activities within the group include requirements analysis, cross-mission planning and architecture development, strategic awareness planning, cross-program engineering, and systems acquisition development. [9]

Civil and Commercial Operations

Civil and Commercial Operations supports both developing and operational civil space systems for NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) is a scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the Commercially, the group supports satellite owner-operators, spacecraft manufacturers, insurance companies, and space-consulting and legal firms. [2] It plays a key role in spacecraft operations, acquisition planning, strategic planning, acquisition management, and risk assessment for operational, near-term and future NOAA satellite programs. [9]


References

  1. ^ Articles of Incorporation, The Aerospace Corporation, 1960 
  2. ^ a b c 2006 Annual Report, The Aerospace Corporation, 2007, <http://www.aero.org/corporation/2006AR.pdf> 
  3. ^ "The Aerospace Corporation, Its Work 1960-1980", pages 12-17. Library of Congress Catalogue Card No. 80-67774
  4. ^ a b Aerospace History Timeline. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
  5. ^ "The Aerospace Corporation, Its Work 1960-1980", page 18. Library of Congress Catalogue Card No. 80-67774
  6. ^ Making Space Work Since 1960. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
  7. ^ Naval Research Laboratory. Retrieved on 2007-09-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the
  8. ^ What is an FFRDC?. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
  9. ^ a b c d Organizations. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
  10. ^ Engineering and Technology Group. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli

See also

External links

Basic concept of GPS operation A GPS receiver calculates its position by carefully timing the signals sent by the constellation of GPS Satellites high above the Earth The National Reconnaissance Office ( NRO) located in Chantilly
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