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Thaumaleidae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Suborder: Nematocera
Infraorder: Culicomorpha
Superfamily: Chironomoidea
Family: Thaumaleidae
Genera

Afrothaumalea
Androprosopa
Austrothaumalea
Niphta
Oterere
Thaumalea
Trichothaumalea

Thaumaleidae, the solitary midges or trickle midges, are a group of nematoceran flies related to the Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae, and the Simuliidae. Arthropods are Animals belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, " Joint " Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described True flies are Insects of the Order Diptera ( Greek: di = two and pteron = wing possessing a single pair of Nematocera are generally primitive flies, typically recognized by filamentous multi-segmented antennae which may be plumose in some males Culicomorpha is a infraorder of Nematocera. It includes Mosquitoes black flies, and several extant and extinct families of insect Chironomoidea is a Superfamily within the order Diptera, Suborder Nematocera, Infraorder Culicomorpha. Nematocera are generally primitive flies, typically recognized by filamentous multi-segmented antennae which may be plumose in some males True flies are Insects of the Order Diptera ( Greek: di = two and pteron = wing possessing a single pair of Ceratopogonidae, or biting Midges (including what are called in the United States, no-see-ums, midgies, Sand flies Chironomidae (informally known as chironomids or non-biting Midges) are a family of Nematoceran flies with a global distribution A black fly (sometimes called a buffalo Gnat, turkey gnat or white socks) is any member of the family Simuliidae of the They are small, stocky, yellow to brown flies (3-4 mm) and there are very few species known for this family (about 120 species in five genera). In Biological classification, family ( Latin Larvae are found in films on rocks and non- feeding adults are usually found on foliage along the same streams in which the larvae are found. A larva ( Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of Animal with indirect development, undergoing Metamorphosis (for example A few solitary midges are found in the southern hemisphere, but Thaumaleidae are generally an Holarctic family. Southern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is South of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' The Holarctic Ecozone refers to the habitats found throughout the northern continents of the world as a whole

Contents

Description

Adults are recognised by the few (seven) veins reaching the margin, the costa running around the entire margin, by the absence of ocelli and particularly by the short antennae which are no longer than the head. Larvae resemble larval Lutzomyia (Psychodidae), Forcipomyia (Ceratopogonidae), and some Chironomidae. The Nematoceran family Psychodidae ( moth flies or drain flies) are small Flies ( Diptera) with short hairy bodies and wings giving Ceratopogonidae, or biting Midges (including what are called in the United States, no-see-ums, midgies, Sand flies Chironomidae (informally known as chironomids or non-biting Midges) are a family of Nematoceran flies with a global distribution However unpaired prolegs, a ventrally directed truncate head, and prothoracic spiracles on a short respiratory tube differentiate them.

For further information see * Family keys and image

Biology

Adult Thaumaleidae are encountered infrequently, usually close to the hygropetric aquatic larval habitat. The undersides of bridges over smaller running waters are common adult aggregation sites. Thaumaleid larvae are usually hygropetric in vertical, thin water films alongside waterfalls and torrents. They prefer low temperatures and are most frequent in fully shaded localities. They feed by grazing on diatoms. Diatoms ( Greek: (dia = "through" + (temnein = "to cut" i Little or no life history information is available.

Name

The dipteran family name Orphnephilidae Rondani, 1847, based on Orphnephila Haliday, 1832, was used until Bezzi (1913) synonymized Orphnephila with Thaumalea Ruthe, 1831 and adopted Thaumaleidae, based on the senior synonym Thaumalea. Camillo Róndani ( November 21, 1808 &ndash September 17, 1879) was an Italian entomologist noted for his studies of Alexander Henry Haliday, also known as Enrico Alessandro Haliday and Alexis Heinrich Haliday (1807–1870 was an Irish Entomologist. Mario Bezzi (1868 Milan - 1927 Turin) was an Italian professor of Zoology at the University of Turin. This article deals with the general meaning of the term "synonym" Johann Friedrich Ruthe Ruthé or von Ruthe ( 16 April 1788, in Eggenstädt near Hildesheim - 24 August[[ 1859]] This family name has been almost universally used since that time and it is to be maintained. Had Thaumaleidae not come into prevailing usage, Orphnephilidae would continue in use despite the fact that Orphnephila is a junior synonym. Thaumaleidae is cited with its own author and date, followed by the date of the replaced name in parentheses: Thaumaleidae Bezzi, 1913 (1847). It takes precedence over Orphnephilidae Rondani, 1847, and any subsequently published synonyms.

References

External links

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