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State Highway (left) and Farm to Market Road (right) shields
State: State Highway X (SH X)
Interstates: Interstate Highway X (IH X)
US Routes: U. In the United States, a farm-to-market road or ranch-to-market road (sometimes farm road or ranch road for short is a State road State highway, state road or state route can refer to one of three related concepts two of them related to a State government in a country that is divided The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) The system of United States Numbered Highways (often called U S. Highway X (US X)
Notes: All classes of state-numbered highways are generally state-maintained.

Texas state highways are a network of highways owned and maintained by the U.S. state of Texas. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is the state agency responsible for the day-to-day operations and maintenance of the system. The Texas Department of Transportation ( TxDOT, pronounced "tex-dot" is a Governmental agency in the U In addition to the nationally-numbered Interstate highways and U.S. highways, the highway system consists of a main network of state highways, loops and spurs that provide local access to the Interstate Highways, U. The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) The system of United States Numbered Highways (often called U State highway, state road or state route can refer to one of three related concepts two of them related to a State government in a country that is divided A loop route is a Highway or other major Road that extends out from a typically longer more important parents road to enter and (usually circle a large City A spur route is a short Road forming a branch from a longer more important route (typically a major road Freeway, Interstate Highway or Motorway S. Highways, and state highways. The system also includes a large network of farm to market roads that connect rural areas of the state with urban areas and the rest of the state highway system. In the United States, a farm-to-market road or ranch-to-market road (sometimes farm road or ranch road for short is a State road The state also owns and maintains some park and recreational roads that are located near and within state and national parks as well as recreational areas. This is a list of State parks State natural areas and State historic sites in Texas, United States under the jurisdiction of the Texas Parks The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation All state highways, regardless of classification, are paved roads.

Contents

History

Shield used until the mid-1940s

The Texas State Highway System can trace it roots to the establishment of the Texas Highway Department on April 4, 1917. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Administrative control of the department was given to a three member commission that were appointed by the governor for two year terms. In June 21, 1917, the commission held its first public hearing to receive input on potential highway routes. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. At this time, the committee also divided the state up into six divisions to be headquartered in Amarillo, Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, San Angelo, and San Antonio. Fort Worth is the fifth-largest city in the state of Texas and the seventeenth-largest city in the United States. San Angelo is a city in and the County seat of Tom Green County, Texas, United States. [1] Later that year, the commission designated 26 state highways covering 8,865 miles (14,267 km) that was to be readily accessible to 89 percent of the state's population. [2][1]

In 1921, Congress amended the Federal Aid to Roads Act of 1916 to require the states to take control of road design, construction and maintenance of state highways by 1925. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses As a result, on January 1, 1924 the Highway Department took full control of maintaining the state highways from the counties with which they resided. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC In 1925, the state legislature gives the Highway Department the responsibility of surveying, planning and building highways. The Highway Department was also authorized at this time to acquire new highway right-of-way by purchasing or condemning required land. A right-of-way is a strip of land that is granted – through an Easement or other mechanism – for Transportation purposes such as for a Rail line or [1]

By 1927, the highway system covered 17,960 miles (28,900 km), of which 96 miles (154 km) were concrete, 1,060 miles (1,710 km) were asphalt, 5,000 miles (8,000 km) were gravel, shell or stone and 10,000 miles (20,000 km) were dirt. [1]

In 1951, a 50-mile (80 km) section of the Gulf Freeway (now Interstate 45) opened, becoming Texas' first urban freeway. Interstate 45 (I-45 is an Interstate Highway located entirely within the U In 1957, the state began receiving federal funding for the construction of the Interstate Highway System. The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) The first section of Interstate Highway from county line to county line to open in the state was a 43-mile (69 km) section of I-35 in Bexar County. Interstate 35 in Texas (abbreviated I-35 or IH-35) is a major north-south Interstate Highway running from Laredo near the United States-Mexico Bexar County is a County located in the US state of Texas. As of 2006 the population was estimated at 1555931 By 1967, the highway system had 66,000 miles (106,000 km) of highway. [3]

In 1984, US 66 is replaced by I-40 and the US 66 designation is removed from the state highway system the following year. In the US state of Texas, Interstate 40 (abbreviated I-40) runs east-west through the panhandle in the northwest part of the state In the US state of Texas, Interstate 40 (abbreviated I-40) runs east-west through the panhandle in the northwest part of the state [4] [5] In 1992, the 3,200 miles (5,100 km) of Interstate Highway System in Texas was completed with the opening of a 6-mile (9. 7 km) section of I-27. For another freeway route in the United States with Interstate 27 as a "misreference" see U In 1997, the Texas Turnpike Authority is merged with TxDOT and independently, the North Texas Turnpike Authority becomes responsible for toll projects in Collin, Dallas, Denton and Tarrant counties. The Texas Department of Transportation ( TxDOT, pronounced "tex-dot" is a Governmental agency in the U The North Texas Tollway Authority (NTTA maintains and operates Toll roads bridges and tunnels in the North Texas area Collin County is a Suburban County located in the US state of Texas. Dallas County is a County located in the US state of Texas within the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area (colloquially referred Denton County is a County located in the US state of Texas. In 2000 its population was 432976 in 2007 the U Tarrant County is a County located in the US state of Texas. As of 2007 it had a population of 1717435 [4]

Types of highways

Interstate Highways

A map of all Interstate Highways in Texas
A map of all Interstate Highways in Texas

The Interstate Highway System in Texas covers 3,233. The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) 4 miles (5,203. 7 km) and consists of nine primary routes, six auxiliary routes and the splitting of Interstate 35 (I-35) into two branches, I-35E and I-35W, that provide access to both Fort Worth and Dallas. Primary interstates are the major Interstate highways of the United States and are assigned a one or two-digit route number The auxiliary Interstate Highways (also called 3-digit Interstate Highways) is an additional network of freeways of the Interstate Highway System. Interstate 35 in Texas (abbreviated I-35 or IH-35) is a major north-south Interstate Highway running from Laredo near the United States-Mexico Interstate 35E (abbreviated I-35E) an Interstate highway, is the eastern half of Interstate 35 where it splits to serve different cities in Texas Interstate 35W (abbreviated I-35W) an Interstate highway, is the western half of Interstate 35 where it splits to serve different cities in Texas Fort Worth is the fifth-largest city in the state of Texas and the seventeenth-largest city in the United States. The Interstate Highway with the longest segment in Texas is I-10 at 878. In the US state of Texas, Interstate 10 is the major east-west Interstate Highway in the Southern United States. 6 miles (1,414. 0 km). The shortest Interstate Highway in the state is I-110 at 0. Interstate 110 (abbreviated I-110) is an unsigned 092 mile (1 9 miles (1. 4 km).

The construction of the Interstate Highway System in Texas actually began well before these routes were designated as Interstate Highways. A 50-mile (80 km) stretch of the Gulf Freeway (I-45) between Galveston and Houston was opened in 1951, eight years before it was designated I-45. Interstate 45 (I-45 is an Interstate Highway located entirely within the U Interstate 45 (I-45 is an Interstate Highway located entirely within the U "Galveston" redirects here For the town in the US state of Indiana see Galveston Indiana. It was also the first urban expressway in Texas. In 1962, 43 miles (69 km) of I-35 opened in Bexar County, the first section of Interstate Highway to open from county line to county line in a large metropolitan area. Bexar County is a County located in the US state of Texas. As of 2006 the population was estimated at 1555931 [6] Portions of I-10 west of San Antonio took much longer to complete due to the vast open spaces and lack of nearby labor. The majority of the construction of this section of I-10 occurred in the 1970s and 1980s and was complete by the early 1990s. The section east of San Antonio was completed 20 years earlier in 1972. [7] The opening of a 6-mile (10 km) section of I-27 in 1992 completed the Interstate Highway System in Texas. For another freeway route in the United States with Interstate 27 as a "misreference" see U [8]

Planning is ongoing for a proposed extension of I-69 southward from its current terminus in Indiana through Texas to the United States-Mexico border. The proposed Interstate 69 will pass through the eastern part of the U The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union [9] If built, I-69 will extend about 650 miles (1,050 km) across Texas, from the Louisiana state line in the Texarkana-Shreveport area to South Texas. The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America The Texarkana TX-Texarkana AR Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is a two-county region anchored by Shreveport is the third-largest city and the principal city of the third largest Metropolitan area in the U [10]

U. S. Highways

The United States Numbered Highways are a nationwide grid of highways, but unlike the Interstate Highway System, there is no minimum design standard for these highways. The system of United States Numbered Highways (often called U The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) This is clearly evident as some stretches of the U. S. Highways in Texas are nothing more than a 2-lane rural road, while others are urban freeways. The U. S. Highways have been replaced for the most part by Interstate Highways for through traffic, the U. S. Highways still serve as important regional connectors. Several notable examples of U. S. Highways that are built to freeway standards include US 75 and US 80 in Dallas, US 59 and US 290 in Houston, and US 90 and US 281 in San Antonio. In the US state of Texas, US Highway 75 is a US Highway that begins in Dallas and heads north to the Oklahoma border US Route 80 is an east-west United States highway. As the "0" in the route number indicates it was originally a cross-country route from the Atlantic In the US state of Texas, US Highway 59 is named the Lloyd Bentsen Highway, after Lloyd Bentsen, former U US Highway 290 (or US 290) is an east-west Highway located entirely in Texas. US Route 90 is an east-west United States highway. Despite the "0" in its route number US 90 never was a full coast-to-coast route it has always ended at US Highway 281 is a north-south United States highway. It is 1872 miles was completed June 9 2008 formerly there was no direct access between the two freeways and

The Interstate Highways have replaced several portions of the U. S. Highway network in Texas and as a result, they have been removed from the State Highway System. Several examples include US 81 from Fort Worth to Laredo in favor of I-35, US 75 from Dallas to Galveston in favor of I-45, and US 80 from Dallas to El Paso in favor of I-10 and I-20. US Route 81 is one of the many United States Numbered Highways established in 1926 by the US Department of Agriculture Bureau of Public Roads Interstate 35 in Texas (abbreviated I-35 or IH-35) is a major north-south Interstate Highway running from Laredo near the United States-Mexico In the US state of Texas, US Highway 75 is a US Highway that begins in Dallas and heads north to the Oklahoma border Interstate 45 (I-45 is an Interstate Highway located entirely within the U US Route 80 is an east-west United States highway. As the "0" in the route number indicates it was originally a cross-country route from the Atlantic In the US state of Texas, Interstate 10 is the major east-west Interstate Highway in the Southern United States. Interstate 20 in Texas (abbreviated I-20 or IH-20) is a major east-west Interstate highway in the Southern United States, running [11][12][13]

State highways

SH NASA Road 1 and SH OSR shields

A state highway (SH) is funded and maintained by the state. State Highway NASA Road 1 (officially NASA Parkway (HB1049 78(R and also known as NASA Road 1) is an east-west state highway that runs from Interstate State Highway OSR is a section of the Old San Antonio Road in east central Texas. [14] State highways have been assigned numbers between 1 and 365 with a few exceptions. There is also a State Highway 495 (renumbered from Farm to Market Road 495), as well as canceled routes SH 550 (a temporary designation for what is now part of Interstate 30) and SH 824 (a temporary designation for what was later part of SH 24). State Highway 495 or SH 495 is a State highway in the US state of Texas that runs between Mission and Alamo in Deep State Highway 550 was a State highway in the US state of Texas. In the US state of Texas, Interstate 30 (abbreviated I-30 is an east-west Interstate Highway that runs from I-20 west of Fort Worth State Highway 24, or SH 24, runs from Paris to Campbell in north Texas. State Highway 24, or SH 24, runs from Paris to Campbell in north Texas. NASA Road 1 and State Highway OSR are also in the State Highway network. State Highway NASA Road 1 (officially NASA Parkway (HB1049 78(R and also known as NASA Road 1) is an east-west state highway that runs from Interstate State Highway OSR is a section of the Old San Antonio Road in east central Texas. The first state highways were designated in 1917. All suffixed routes were eliminated by 1939, though a State Highway 75A existed from 1946 to 1994 to match Oklahoma's State Highway 75A. State Highway 91 or SH 91 is a State highway in the US state of Texas that runs roughly 13 miles from the Oklahoma border at Denison Dam Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. The Oklahoma State highway system includes many state highways that actas short spur and connector routes off some of the U

State highway loops and spurs

Loop, spur and beltway shields

State highway loops and spurs are short links in the State Highway network. Typically, a loop connects two state highways, and a spur connects a state highway to a farm to market or local road. Many loops are either new bypasses or older bypassed roads. One loop—around Houston—is labeled Beltway 8. Beltway 8 ( BW8) the Sam Houston Parkway, along with the Sam Houston Tollway, is a Beltway around the city of Houston Texas, The first loops and spurs were defined in 1939; prior to that, the roadways had been segments of the state highways they branched off of.

Farm to market roads

Farm to market and ranch to market road shields
Main article: Farm to market road

Farm to market roads generally exist in rural areas. In the United States, a farm-to-market road or ranch-to-market road (sometimes farm road or ranch road for short is a State road Rural areas can be large and isolated (also referred to as "the country" and/or "the countryside over the course of time After the city or county acquires right-of-way, TxDOT builds and maintains the road. For railroad track easement see Track transition curve. An easement is the right or freedom to do something or the right to prevent [14] A number of these roads, generally west of U.S. Highway 281,[15] are designated ranch to market roads, and one—Ranch Road 1—is simply a ranch road, serving the LBJ Ranch. US Highway 281 is a north-south United States highway. It is 1872 miles was completed June 9 2008 formerly there was no direct access between the two freeways and Lyndon B Johnson National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park in central Texas about 50 miles west of Austin in the Farm to market roads were first designated in 1941 and ranch to market roads in 1942. A number of farm to market roads in urban areas were re-designated in 1995 as urban roads but, amid much controversy, the shields were not changed.

Business routes

Business Interstate highway, U. S. highway, state highway and farm to market road shields

Business routes are assigned to many old alignments of Interstate highways, U. A business route (occasionally city route) in the United States is a short Auxiliary route connected to a parent Numbered highway at its beginning S. highways, state highways and farm to market roads that have been bypassed. In addition to the numerical designation, a unique lettered suffix is assigned to each business route along the highway - for instance, Business Interstate Highway 40-D and Business Farm to Market Road 1960-A. (Not all routes start from A, and letters are sometimes skipped. ) These letters are included on the sign in small print below the number. The sign specifications for business Interstate highways do not include the letter, but it has been added to many signs. Prior to 1991, business routes were assigned loop or spur numbers, but signed as business routes (with a BUSINESS plate above the shield for the main route). In 1991, all the business routes were assigned official designations, and their former loop and spur numbers were eliminated.

Park and recreational roads

Park road and recreational road shields

Park roads and recreational roads serve state or national parks and "recognized recreational areas"; the first ones were defined in 1939 and 1970 respectively. State Park is a term used in the United States and in Mexico for an area of land preserved on account of its natural beauty historic interest recreation or other A national park is a reserve of land usually declared and owned by a national Government, protected from most Human development and pollution All roads in state parks are maintained by TxDOT, but are generally not numbered. [14]

Toll roads

Main article: Texas Tollways
Toll Interstate highway, U. Toll roads are generally highways in which the motorist must pay a toll to use S. highway and state highway shields

One characteristic of the highways in Texas are its frontage roads; most freeways have continuous frontage roads, one-way in urban areas and two-way in rural areas. A frontage road (also access road, feeder, service drive, service road, outer road, and especially surface road) is Rural areas can be large and isolated (also referred to as "the country" and/or "the countryside over the course of time Several toll roads have one-way frontage roads—not necessarily continuous—with State Highway numbers. A toll road, (also known as a tollway, turnpike, pike, or toll highway, especially if it is constructed to Freeway standards Most toll roads are marked with special logos, but TxDOT has adopted a new shield as of 2006 for numbered toll roads.

Due to lack of funds the state is increasingly relying on toll roads to expand and maintain its aging highway system. This has sparked much controversy as these toll roads will be privately owned and operated and thus will continue to charge tolls long after the respective road has been paid for.

See also

Interstate Highways A list of interstate highways within Texas. This is a list of Interstate Highways in Texas, all of which are owned and maintained by the U
U.S. Highways A list of U. US Highways in Texas are owned and maintained by the state Main U S. highways within Texas.
State highways A list of all state highways within Texas. The list of state highways in Texas are owned and maintained by the state through the Texas Department of Transportation.
State highway loops A list of all state highway loops within Texas. This is a list of Texas State Highways in the US state of Texas with Loop designations
State highway spurs A list of all state highway spurs within Texas. This is a list of State highways in the US state of Texas with Loop or Spur designations
Farm to market roads A list of all farm to market roads within Texas. Farm to Market Roads in Texas are owned and maintained by the state

References

  1. ^ a b c d Texas Department of Transportation. The following is a list of the Freeways and tollways in the Dallas / Fort Worth, Texas area Interstate 20; Interstate This is a list of highways in the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. This is a list of highways in San Antonio Texas, consisting of Interstates, U The Texas Department of Transportation ( TxDOT, pronounced "tex-dot" is a Governmental agency in the U TxDOT History: 1917-1930. Retrieved on 2008-03-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus
  2. ^ Texas Highway Department. The Texas Department of Transportation ( TxDOT, pronounced "tex-dot" is a Governmental agency in the U Map showing proposed system of highways [map]. (1917) Retrieved on 2008-03-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus
  3. ^ Texas Department of Transportation. TxDOT History: 1970 to 1951. Retrieved on 2008-02-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor
  4. ^ a b Texas Department of Transportation. TxDOT History: 2000 to 1971. Retrieved on 2008-03-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus
  5. ^ Texas Department of Transportation. The Texas Department of Transportation ( TxDOT, pronounced "tex-dot" is a Governmental agency in the U Highway Designation File - U.S. Highway No. 66. Retrieved on 2008-03-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus
  6. ^ Texas Department of Transportation. TxDOT History: 1970 to 1951. Retrieved on 2008-02-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor
  7. ^ Beaumont et al. . From Anywhere to Everywhere: The Development of the Interstate Highway System in Texas 30. Texas Transportation Institute. The Texas Transportation Institute (TTI in College Station Texas is the largest transportation research agency in the United States Retrieved on 2008-02-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor
  8. ^ Texas Department of Transportation. TxDOT History: 2000 to 1971. Retrieved on 2008-02-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor
  9. ^ Texas Department of Transportation. The Texas Department of Transportation ( TxDOT, pronounced "tex-dot" is a Governmental agency in the U I-69/TTC (Northeast Texas to Mexico). Retrieved on 2008-02-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the
  10. ^ Texas Department of Transportation (2008-02-09). The Texas Department of Transportation ( TxDOT, pronounced "tex-dot" is a Governmental agency in the U 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. I-69 TTC Tier 1 EIS Meeting Handout.
  11. ^ Texas Department of Transportation. The Texas Department of Transportation ( TxDOT, pronounced "tex-dot" is a Governmental agency in the U Highway Designation File - U.S. Highway No. 81. Retrieved on 2008-03-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus
  12. ^ Texas Department of Transportation. The Texas Department of Transportation ( TxDOT, pronounced "tex-dot" is a Governmental agency in the U Highway Designation File - U.S. Highway No. 75. Retrieved on 2008-03-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus
  13. ^ Texas Department of Transportation. The Texas Department of Transportation ( TxDOT, pronounced "tex-dot" is a Governmental agency in the U Highway Designation File - U.S. Highway No. 80. Retrieved on 2008-03-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus
  14. ^ a b c Texas Department of Transportation. The Texas Department of Transportation ( TxDOT, pronounced "tex-dot" is a Governmental agency in the U Highway Designation File Glossary. Retrieved on 2008-02-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed
  15. ^ Texas Department of Transportation. Farm/Ranch to Market Facts. Retrieved on 2008-02-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed

External links

The Texas Department of Transportation ( TxDOT, pronounced "tex-dot" is a Governmental agency in the U
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