A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more states, or over the possession or control of land by one state after it has conquered it from a former state no longer currently recognized by the occupying power. A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population.
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Context and definitions
These disputes are often related to the possession of natural resources such as rivers, fertile farmland, mineral or oil resources, although the disputes can also be driven by culture, religion and ethnic nationalism. Natural resources are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified ( natural) form "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Ethnic nationalism is a form of Nationalism wherein the " Nation " is defined in terms of Ethnicity. In many cases territorial disputes result from vague and unclear language in a treaty that set up the original boundary.
Territorial disputes are a major cause of wars and terrorism, as states often try to assert their real, or imagined, sovereignty over a territory through invasion, and non-state entities try to influence the actions of politicians through terrorism. War is an international relations Dispute, characterized by organized Violence between National Military units Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself International law does not support the use of force by one state to annex the territory of another state. The UN Charter says: "All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations. "
In some cases such as the Aksai Chin, the Taiwan straits, and Kashmir, both sides will define a line of control that serves as a de-facto international border. Aksai Chin ( Simplified Chinese: 阿克赛钦 Traditional chinese: 阿克賽欽 Hanyu pinyin: Ākèsàiqīn Hindi: अकसाई The Taiwan Strait or Formosa Strait is a 180-km-wide (11185-mile-wide Strait between Mainland China and Taiwan. This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir Names Specifically the term "Line of Control" (LOC refers to the military control line between the Indian- and Pakistani-controlled parts of the former princely state Although these lines are often clearly demarcated, they do not have the legitimacy of an agreed international boundary.
- The term border dispute applies only to the many cases where a limit territory bordering more than one state (including an enclave in one state, e. g. Nagorno Karabakh) is claimed by two or more, not the very existence of a whole state challenged (e. For the republic see Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Nagorno-Karabakh is a Region in the South Caucasus. g. the Republic of China, which the People's Republic of China regards as a defunct and illegitimate entity, with its current jurisdiction of Taiwan claimed by the PRC as its 23rd province). REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia.
- The term occupied territories (see that article) in general refers to regions distinct from the recognized territory of a sovereign state but which it controls, especially with military forces. Occupied territories is a Term of art in International law. In accordance with Article 42 of the Laws and Customs of War on Land (Fourth Hague Convention October Even though a long-term occupation is generally maintained as a means to act upon a territorial claim, this is not a prerequisite, as occupation may also be strategic (such as creating a buffer zone or a preventive move to prevent a rival power obtaining control) or a means of coercion (as a punishment, to impose some internal measures or for use as a bargaining chip). In geography a buffer zone is any zonal area that serves the purpose of keeping two or more other areas (often but not necessarily countries) distant from one another
- Since the latter part of the 20th century, the term "occupied territories" has, in some contexts, come to refer specifically to the West Bank and Gaza Strip, whose status is hotly disputed. The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west It is also used for the case of the occupied North of the Republic of Cyprus.
- The term irredentism (see that article) applies to those border disputes and other territorial claims that one party justifies on the basis of former cultural or ethnic attachment. Irredentism is any position advocating Annexation of territories administered by another State on the grounds of common Ethnicity or prior historical possession
Current territorial disputes
See List of territorial disputes and List of active autonomist and secessionist movements. This is a list of extant Territorial disputes around the world This is a list of currently active autonomist and Secessionist movements around the world
See also
- Fait accompli
- Status quo ante bellum
- Ethnic cleansing
- Lebensraum
- Irredentism
- Rio Grande border disputes
- Thalweg re waterways
Sources and references
- WorldStatesman - click on any state for the listing (after the chronological lists of statesmen) of Territorial Disputes it is party to
- Territorial disputes in CIA World Factbook
- USState Department/ FloridaStateUniversity International Border Studies
- Talking Borders Queen's University Belfast online audio archive
External references
Here are some examples of French words and phrases used by English speakers. The term status quo ante bellum comes from Latin meaning literally as things were before the war. Ethnic cleansing is a Euphemism referring to the persecution through imprisonment expulsion or killing of members of an ethnic minority by a majority to achieve ethnic homogeneity ( German for " habitat " or literally "living space" served as a major motivation for Nazi Germany 's territorial aggression Irredentism is any position advocating Annexation of territories administered by another State on the grounds of common Ethnicity or prior historical possession The Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte has changed course several times in recorded history leading to a number of border disputes both international (involving Mexico and the Thalweg (ˈtɑːlvɛg an English word compounded from the German elements Thal (since Duden 's orthography reform of 1901 written Tal Dr Peter J Middlebrook (born in Lincoln, UK, 15 November, 1965) is a leading English political economist/ Political ScientistDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic