Terrestrial television is a term which refers to modes of television broadcasting which do not involve satellite transmission. [1]. The term is uncommon in the United States, and more common in Europe.

Terrestrial television broadcasting dates back to the very beginnings of television as a medium itself with the first long-distance public television broadcast from Washington, D.C., on April 7, 1927. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Aside from transmission by high-flying planes moving in a loop using a system developed by Westinghouse called Stratovision, there was virtually no other method of television delivery until the 1950s with the beginnings of cable television, or community antenna television (CATV). Founded in 1886 as Westinghouse Electric Company and later renamed Westinghouse Electric Corporation by George Westinghouse. Stratovision is an airborne television transmission Relay system from aircraft flying at high altitudes Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive The first non-terrestrial method of delivering television signals that in no way depended on a signal originating from a traditional terrestrial source began with the use of communications satellites during the 1960s and 1970s. A communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to comsat) is an artificial Satellite stationed in space for the purposes of Telecommunications. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970.

Contents 1 Europe 2 North America 3 Digital television 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

Europe

In Europe, a planning conference ("ST61") held under the auspices of the International Telecommunications Union in Stockholm in 1961 allocated frequencies the Bands IV and V for the first time for broadcast television use. ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It also superseded the 1951 Plan (also made in Stockholm) which had first allocated Band II frequencies for FM radio and Band III frequencies for television. Band III is the name of a Radio frequency range within the Very high frequency part of the Electromagnetic spectrum.

Following the ST61 conference, UHF frequencies were first used in the UK in 1964 with the introduction of BBC2. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. In UK, VHF channels were kept on the old 405-line system, while UHF was used solely for 625-line broadcasts (which later used PAL colour). The 405-line Monochrome analogue Television broadcasting system was the first fully electronic television system to be used in regular broadcasting PAL, short for Phase Alternating Line, is a colour -encoding system used in Broadcast television systems in large parts of the world Television broadcasting in the 405-line system continued after the introduction of four analogue programmes in the UHF bands until the last 405-line transmitters were switched off on January 6, 1985. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) VHF Band III is still used in other countries around Europe for PAL broadcasts, though many have plans to phase it out.

The success of terrestrial analogue television across Europe varies from country to country. Although each country has rights to a certain number of frequencies by virtue of the ST61 plan, not all of them have been bought into service.

North America

In the United States and most of the rest of North America as well, terrestrial television underwent a revolutionary transformation with the eventual acceptance of the NTSC standard for color television broadcasts in 1953. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the NTSC ( National Television System Committee) is the Analog television system used in the United States, Canada, Japan, Mexico Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Later, Europe and the rest of the world either chose between the later PAL and SECAM color television standards, or adopted NTSC. PAL, short for Phase Alternating Line, is a colour -encoding system used in Broadcast television systems in large parts of the world SECAM, also written SÉCAM ( Séquentiel couleur à mémoire, French for "Sequential Color with Memory" is an analog color television system Japan also uses a version of NTSC. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.

In addition to the threat from Cable Television, analog terrestrial television is now also subject to competition from satellite television and distribution of video and film content over the Internet. Satellite television is Television delivered by the means of Communications satellites as compared to conventional Terrestrial television and Cable The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks The technology of digital terrestrial television has been developed as a response to these challenges. Digital Terrestrial Television ( DTTV or DTT) is an implementation of digital technology to provide a greater number of channels and/or better quality of picture and The rise of digital terrestrial television, especially HDTV, may mark an end to the decline of broadcast television reception via traditional receiving antennas, which can receive over-the-air HDTV signals. High-definition television (HDTV is a Digital television Broadcasting system with higher resolution than traditional television systems (standard-definition An antenna is a Transducer designed to transmit or Receive electromagnetic waves In other words antennas convert electromagnetic waves into

In North America, terrestrial broadcast television operates on TV channels 2 through 6 (VHF-low band, known as band I in Europe), 7 through 13 (VHF-high band, known as band III elsewhere), and 14 through 69 (UHF television band, elsewhere bands IV and V). Very high frequency (VHF is the Radio frequency range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz. Band I is the name of a Radio frequency range within the Very high frequency part of the Electromagnetic spectrum. Band III is the name of a Radio frequency range within the Very high frequency part of the Electromagnetic spectrum. Channel numbers represent actual frequencies used to broadcast the television signal. Additionally, television translators and boosters can be used to rebroadcast a terrestrial TV signal using an otherwise unused channel to cover areas with marginal reception. A chart showing the North American television bandplan can be found here. In North America, terrestrial Television is broadcast on designated channels numbered 2 through 69

Digital television

By the mid 1990s, the interest in digital television across Europe was such the CEPT convened the "Chester '97" conference to agree means by which digital television could be inserted into the ST61 frequency plan. Digital television (DTV is the sending and receiving of moving images and sound by discrete ( digital) signals in contrast to the analog signals used by

The introduction of digital television in the late 1990s and early years of the 21st century led the ITU to call a Regional Radiocommunication Conference to abrogate the ST61 plan and to put a new plan for digital broadcasting only in its place. A Regional Radiocommunication Conference (RRC is a meeting held between members of the International Telecommunication Union from one or more ITU Regions but from the whole

In December 2005 the EU has decided to cease all analogue television transmissions by the year 2012 and switch all terrestrial television broadcasting to digital (all EU countries have agreed on using DVB-T). The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in DVB-T is an abbreviation for Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial; it is the DVB European-based consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of The Netherlands completed the transition in December 2006, and some EU member states have decided to complete this switchover as early as 2008 (Sweden) and 2009 (Denmark), while the UK began the switch over in late 2007 it will not be a nationwide switch over until mid 2012. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Two member states (not specified in the announcement) have expressed concerns that they might not be able to proceed to the switchover by 2012 due to technical limitations, the rest of the EU member states are expected to stop analogue television transmissions by 2012.

Many countries are developing and evaluating digital terrestrial television systems.

In North America a specification laid out by the ATSC has become the standard for digital terrestrial television. The Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC is the group established in 1982 that developed the eponymous ATSC Standards for Digital television in the In the United States the FCC has set a final deadline for the switchoff of analog service for February 17, 2009. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the All television receivers must now include a digital tuner. An ATSC tuner, often called an ATSC receiver or HDTV tuner, allows reception of ATSC Digital television (DTV signals broadcast In Canada, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), has set August 31, 2011 as the date that over-the-air analog transmission service will cease in most parts of the country except in Northern Canada. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page CRTC may also stand for Cathode Ray Tube Controller. Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ( CRTC, in French Conseil Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 2011 ( MMXI) will be a Common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ^{[1] [2]}

See also

• Broadcast television systems
• Lists of television channels for lists by country and language. There are several broadcast Television systems in use in the world today The lists of television channels' are grouped by name country or language': Lists of television channels by continent List of television channels
• Television channel frequencies
• DVB-T
• ATSC tuner

References

External links

• TVRadioWorld TV stations directory
• W9WI.com (Terrestrial repeater and TV hobbyist information)
• TV Coverage maps and Signal Analysis

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