In architecture and city planning, a terrace(d) or row house or townhouse (though the latter term can also refer to patio houses) is a style of housing in use since the late 17th century, where a row of identical or mirror-image houses share side walls. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation A patio home is an American term for a type of housing The term tends to imply a suburban setting and a unit of several houses attached to each other typically with shared walls between The first and last of these houses is called an end terrace, often larger than those houses in the middle.

Contents 1 In the United Kingdom 2 In Australia and New Zealand 2.1 Melbourne 2.2 Sydney 2.3 Brisbane 2.4 Other cities 3 In the United States 4 In Malaysia and Singapore 5 Sources and further reading 6 References 7 External links 8 See also

In the United Kingdom

The term terrace was borrowed from garden terraces by English architects of the late Georgian period to describe streets of houses whose uniform fronts and uniform height created an ensemble that was more stylish than a "row". In Gardening, a terrace is an element where a raised flat paved or gravelled section overlooks a Prospect. The arts Especially during the mid-18th century the period was marked by cultural vibrancy with the establishment of the British Museum in 1753 and the contributions The "row", as in the sixteenth century "Yarmouth Rows" in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, was a designation for a narrow street where the building fronts uniformly ran right to the property line. Great Yarmouth, often known to locals as Yarmouth, is a Coastal Town in Norfolk, England. Norfolk (ˈnɔrfək is a low-lying county in East Anglia, England, United Kingdom.

In England, the first streets of houses with uniform fronts were built by the Huguenot entrepreneur Nicholas Barbon in the rebuilding after the Great Fire of London, but Paris had led the way in the Place des Vosges (1605 – 1612). England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Huguenots were members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France (or French Calvinists) from the sixteenth to the eighteenth Nicholas Barbon (c 1640 - 1698 (Full name Nicholas Unless-Jesus-Christ-Had-Died-For-Thee-Thou-Hadst-Been-Damned Barbon) was an English Economist, This article is about the Great Fire of 1666 For other great fires in London see Early fires of London or Second Great Fire of London. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The Place des Vosges is the oldest square in Paris. It is located in Le Marais, and is part of the 3rd and 4th arrondissements In Parisian squares, central blocks were given discreet prominence, to relieve the façade, but the Georgian idea of treating a row of houses as if it were a palace front, giving the central houses columned fronts under a shared pediment, appeared first in London's Grosvenor Square (1727 onwards; rebuilt) and in Bath's Queen Square (1729 onwards) (Summerson 1947). Grosvenor Square (pronounced "Grove-ner Square" is a large garden square in the exclusive Mayfair district of London, England. Bath is a city in Somerset in the south west of England It is situated west of London and south-east of Bristol.

Early terraces were also built by the two John Woods in Bath and under the direction of John Nash in Regent's Park, London, and the name was picked up by speculative builders like Thomas Cubitt and soon became commonplace. John Wood ( 1704 - May 23, 1754, Bath) also named Wood of Bath, was an English Architect. Bath is a city in Somerset in the south west of England It is situated west of London and south-east of Bristol. John Nash ( 18 January 1752 – 13 May 1835) was an English Architect responsible for much of the layout of Regency For other meanings see Regent's Park (disambiguation Regent's Park (officially The Regent's Park) is one of the Royal Parks London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Thomas Cubitt (born Buxton Norfolk 1788–1855 was the leading master builder in London in the second quarter of the 19th century and also carried out several projects It is far from being the case that terraced houses were only built for people of limited means, and this is especially true in London, where some of the richest people in the country owned terraced houses in locations such as Belgrave Square and Carlton House Terrace. Belgrave Square is one of the grandest 19th century squares in London England Carlton House Terrace refers to a street in the St James's district of London, England, and in particular to two terraces of white Stucco -faced

By the early Victorian period, a terrace had come to designate any style of housing where individual houses repeating one design are conjoined into rows either long or short. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities The style was used for workers' housing in industrial districts during the great industrial boom following the industrial revolution, particularly in the houses built for workers of the expanding textile industry. Industrial district was initially introduced as a term to describe an area where workers of a monolithic Heavy industry ( Ship-building, Coal mining, The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the The Textile industry (also known in the United Kingdom and Australia as the Rag Trade) is a term used for industries primarily concerned with the design The terrace style spread widely in the UK, and was the usual form of high density residential housing up to World War II, though the 19th century need for expressive individuality inspired variation of facade details and floor-plans reversed with those of each neighboring pair, to offer variety within the standardized format. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Post-World War II, housing redevelopment has led to many outdated or dilapidated terraces being cleared to make room for tower blocks, which occupy a much lower area of land. A tower block, block of flats, or apartment block, is a multi-unit High-rise Apartment building. Because of this land use in inner city areas could theoretically be distributed further to create greater accessibility, employment or recreational or leisure centres. The inner city is the central area of a major city or metropolis However botched implementation meant in many areas (like Manchester or the London estates) the effects of wind channeling and poor follow up development led to the towerblocks offering no real improvement for rehoused residents over their prior terraced houses ^[1].

In the UK terraced industrial district housing has enjoyed huge price rises since around 2001, with prices in most areas (outside London) having more than tripled by mid-2005. Industrial district was initially introduced as a term to describe an area where workers of a monolithic Heavy industry ( Ship-building, Coal mining, In affluent areas terraced houses are often called 'townhouses'. In the 1960s and 1970s areas of affordable terraced housing were often quickly colonised by artists, gay men and young professionals, this being the early stages of the gentrification that happened in parts of many British cities. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class

In 2005 the English Heritage report Low Demand Housing and the Historic Environment found that repairing a standard Victorian terraced house over thirty years is around sixty-percent cheaper than building and maintaining a newly-built house. English Heritage is a Non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom government ( Department for Culture Media and Sport) with a broad remit of In a 2003 survey for Heritage Counts a team of experts contrasted a Victorian terrace with a house built after 1980, and found that:

"The research demonstrated that, contrary to earlier thinking, older housing actually costs less to maintain and occupy over the long-term life of the dwelling than more modern housing. Largely due to the quality and life-span of the materials used, the Victorian terrace house proved almost £1,000 per 100 m² cheaper to maintain and inhabit on average each year. "

Park Crescent, Regent's Park, London

Carlton House Terrace, London

BedZED zero energy terraced houses in Beddington, London

Terraced houses in Fortuneswell, Isle of Portland, Dorset, UK

In Australia and New Zealand

In Australia and New Zealand, the term "terrace house" refers almost exclusively to Victorian and Edwardian era terraces or replicas almost always found in the older, inner city areas of the major cities. For other meanings see Regent's Park (disambiguation Regent's Park (officially The Regent's Park) is one of the Royal Parks London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Carlton House Terrace refers to a street in the St James's district of London, England, and in particular to two terraces of white Stucco -faced London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Beddington Zero Energy Development ( BedZED) is an environmentally-friendly-housing development near Wallington, England, in the London A zero energy building ( ZEB) or net zero energy building is a general term applied to a Building with a net energy consumption of zero over a typical year Beddington is a settlement between the London Boroughs of Sutton and Croydon. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Fortuneswell is the largest of eight Villages on the Isle of Portland, just off the coast of Dorset in the English Channel. The Isle of Portland ( is a limestone tied island long by wide in the English Channel. Dorset ( (or archaically, Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast The inner city is the central area of a major city or metropolis Modern suburban versions of this style of housing are referred to as "town houses".

Terraced housing was introduced to Australia from the United Kingdom in the nineteenth century. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Large numbers of terraced houses were built in the inner suburbs of large Australian cities, particularly Sydney and Melbourne, mainly between the 1850s and the 1890s. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 The beginning of this period coincided with a population boom caused by the Victorian and New South Wales Gold Rushes of the 1850s and finished with an economic depression in the early 1890s. The Victorian Gold rush was a period in the history of Victoria, Australia approximately between 1851 and the late 1860s A recession is a contraction phase of the Business cycle. The U Detached housing became the popular style of housing in Australia following Federation in 1900. The federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South

Terraced housing in Australia ranged from expensive middle-class houses of three, four and five-storeys down to single-storey cottages in working-class suburbs. The most common building material used was brick, often covered with stucco. A brick is a block of Ceramic material used in Masonry construction laid using mortar. Stucco or render is a material made of an aggregate, a binder, and water Many terraces were built in the "Filigree" style, a style distinguished through heavy use of cast iron ornament, particularly on the balconies and sometimes depicting native Australian flora. Many Melbourne terraces featured a unique style of polychrome brickwork, influenced heavily by the early work of local architect Joseph Reed. Joseph Reed (1823?-1890 a Cornishman by birth was probably the most influential Victorian era Architect in Melbourne, Australia.

In the first half of the twentieth-century, terraced housing in Australia fell into disfavour and the inner-city areas where they were found were often considered slums. A slum, as defined by the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security In the 1950s, many urban renewal programs were aimed at eradicating them entirely in favour of high-rise development. In recent decades these inner-city areas and their terraced houses have been gentrified. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class With their increasing rarity, they are now highly sought after in Australia, and often due to their proximity to the CBD of the major cities, also highly expensive. A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city

With artificial urban boundaries, new townhouse type developments often nostalgically evoking old style terraces in a post-modern style returned to the favour of local planning offices in many suburban areas.

Melbourne

Melbourne's flat terrain has produced regular terraced house patterns, and the wealth of the gold rush fuelled speculative housing development and also ensured that many terraces were built with ornate and elaborate details in a plethora of different styles, often collectively referred to as "boom" style. Melbourne has more decorative cast iron than any other city in the world^[2] and much of this was used to decorate its terrace houses in the filigree style with decorative cast iron balconies, material which was first imported before local foundries began due to high demand.

The earliest surviving terrace house in Melbourne is Glass Terrace, 72-74 Gertrude Street, Fitzroy (1853-54). Fitzroy (sometimes referred to as South Fitzroy is an Inner city Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Royal Terrace at 50-68 Nicholson Street Fitzroy, completed three years later is only slightly younger and is the oldest surviving complete row.

Multi-storey terraced housing became prevalent in the Melbourne suburbs of Middle Park, Albert Park, East Melbourne, South Melbourne, Carlton, Collingwood, St Kilda, Balaclava, Richmond, South Yarra, Cremorne, North Melbourne, Fitzroy, Port Melbourne, West Melbourne, Footscray, Hawthorn, Abbortsford, Burnley, Brunswick, Parkville, Flemington, Kensington and Elsternwick. Middle Park is an Inner city suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Albert Park is an Inner city suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia in the City of Port Phillip. East Melbourne is an Inner city Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. South Melbourne is an inner-southern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Carlton is an Inner city suburb to the immediate north of the central city area of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Collingwood is an Inner city Suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. St Kilda is an Inner city Suburb of the Victorian capital of Melbourne, Australia. Balaclava is a suburb of Melbourne Victoria, in Australia. It is situated in the south-east of the city in the St Kilda East area and is bounded by Richmond is an Inner city Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. South Yarra is an Inner city Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Cremorne is an Inner city Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. North Melbourne is an Inner-city Suburb of Melbourne, Australia in the state of Victoria. Fitzroy (sometimes referred to as South Fitzroy is an Inner city Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Port Melbourne is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. West Melbourne is a suburb of Melbourne Victoria, Australia. It is in the Local Government Area of the City of Melbourne. Footscray is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Its Local Government Area is the City of Maribyrnong. Hawthorn is an inner-eastern Suburb of Melbourne, Australia, in the state of Victoria. Abbotsford is a small Inner city suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, nestled in between Collingwood, Richmond Burnley is an Inner city Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Brunswick is an inner-northern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Parkville is an Inner city suburb north of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Flemington is an inner-western suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Kensington is a suburb in the inner-west of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Elsternwick is a residential Suburb 9 kilometres south-east of Melbourne, Australia, in the state of Victoria. Freestanding terraces and single storey terraces can be found elsewhere within 10 kilometres of the Melbourne city centre. The Melbourne city centre (referred to as The City or The CBD (Central Business District or more recently in planning parlance The CAD, or Central

Although Melbourne retains a large number of heritage registered terraces, many rows were substantially affected by widescale slum reclamation programs for public housing during the 1950s and 60s. Public housing is a form of Housing tenure in which the property is owned by a Government authority which may be central or local Later private development of walk-up flats and in-fill development has further reduced the number of complete rows. ^[3] As a result, streets and suburbs which contain large intact rows of terrace housing are now fairly rare. Suburbs such as Albert Park, Fitzroy, Carlton, Parkville and East Melbourne are now subject to strict heritage overlays to preserve what is left of these streetscapes.

Some of the more notable examples of terrace housing in Melbourne include the heritage registered Tasma Terrace, Canterbury, Clarendon Terrace, Burlington Terrace, Cypress Terrace, Dorset Terrace, Nepean Terrace and Annerly Terrace (East Melbourne), Blanche Terrace, Cobden Terrace, Holyrood Terrace (Fitzroy), Rochester Terrace and the St Vincent Gardens precinct (Albert Park), Royal Terrace, Holcombe Terrace, Denver Terrace, Dalmeny House & Cramond House, and Benvenuta (Carlton), Marion Terrace (St Kilda) and Finn Barr (South Melbourne). The Victorian Heritage Register lists places of cultural heritage significance to the State of Victoria St Vincent Gardens in the Melbourne suburb of Albert Park, is an Australian park of national significance

Royal Terrace in Fitzroy, Victoria is Melbourne's oldest complete row	Marion Terrace in St Kilda, Victoria	Row Housing in Balaclava	Elaborate three storey Victorian terraces in Drummond Street Carlton, Victoria. Fitzroy (sometimes referred to as South Fitzroy is an Inner city Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. St Kilda is an Inner city Suburb of the Victorian capital of Melbourne, Australia. Balaclava is a suburb of Melbourne Victoria, in Australia. It is situated in the south-east of the city in the St Kilda East area and is bounded by Carlton is an Inner city suburb to the immediate north of the central city area of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Holcombe Terrace. One of Melbourne's best examples of the filligree style in polychrome brick. Drummond Street Carlton, Victoria	Rochester Terrace in St Vincent Gardens, Albert Park	Denver Terrace. Carlton is an Inner city suburb to the immediate north of the central city area of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. St Vincent Gardens in the Melbourne suburb of Albert Park, is an Australian park of national significance Albert Park is an Inner city suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia in the City of Port Phillip. Drummond Street Carlton, Victoria	Victorian terraces in South Melbourne, Victoria
A mix of styles in Middle Park, Victoria	Victorian filigree style housing in Windsor, Victoria	Timber decorated terrace houses in Middle Park, Victoria	Three storey early Victorian terraces in Lonsdale Street, Melbourne CBD. Carlton is an Inner city suburb to the immediate north of the central city area of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. South Melbourne is an inner-southern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Middle Park is an Inner city suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Windsor is an Inner city suburb of Melbourne Australia. It is part of the City of Stonnington (although a small section of the suburb is in the Middle Park is an Inner city suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Lonsdale Street is located in the centre of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, part of the Hoddle Grid, it runs roughly east-west The Melbourne city centre (referred to as The City or The CBD (Central Business District or more recently in planning parlance The CAD, or Central
Tasma Terrace at Parliament Place, East Melbourne, Victoria. East Melbourne is an Inner city Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Considered Melbourne's finest terraces.	Dilapidated terrace housing in Cremorne, Victoria	A variety of terrace styles in Park Street, South Yarra, Victoria	A row of three storey terrace houses in Park Street, South Yarra, Victoria. Cremorne is an Inner city Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. South Yarra is an Inner city Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. South Yarra is an Inner city Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Notable for downstairs basement levels and faceted bay windows.

Sydney

Like Melbourne, Sydney also is home to a large amount of terraced housing. Suburbs where terrace housing is highly prevalent includes The Rocks, Paddington, Bondi Junction, Glebe, Surry Hills, Darlinghurst and Balmain. The Rocks is an inner-city Suburb, Tourist precinct and historic area of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Paddington is an inner-city eastern Suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Bondi Junction is an eastern Suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Glebe is an inner-city Suburb of Sydney. Glebe is located 3 Kilometres south-west the Sydney central business district and is part of the For the Melbourne suburb see Surrey Hills Victoria Surry Hills is an inner-city Suburb of Sydney, in the Darlinghurst is an inner-city eastern Suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Balmain is a Suburb in the inner-west of Sydney, in Due to the city's higher density, it is not unusual to find terrace houses of up to three storeys and the undulating topography of the city means that many of the terraces are typically staggered up hills rather than level or uniform. Some of the more notable examples include the heritage registered Cliff Terrace (Glebe).

In contrast to the British practice of the day, where dozens or even hundreds of houses were constructed by a developer as a single housing estate, Sydney practice was normally to build a short run of houses, an interesting example being the "Castle Terrace" in Paddington. Consisting of five houses, the middle one has been given a distinctive treatment.

Most Sydney terraces are firmly anchored into solid sandstone, which provided an opportunity to follow the British practice of constructing a basement storey below street level, reached by a flight of stairs down from the street. Many examples of this are to be found in Paddington. In the suburb of Balmain, there are examples of houses actually constructed from local sandstone, rather than bricks covered with stucco.

Terrace Houses, The Rocks, Sydney	Very old cottages The Rocks, Sydney	Earlier Victorian stone-built Terrace The Rocks, Sydney	Typical Paddington Terrace marching downhill, Sydney
Castle Terrace in Paddington, Sydney	A derelict row in Darlinghurst, Sydney	A British-style basement in Paddington, Sydney	Sandstone-fronted terrace in Balmain, Sydney
A full bay-windowed end of terrace in Balmain, Sydney	Basic houses typical of Surry Hills, Sydney	'Gentrified' property in Surry Hills, Sydney

Brisbane

In Brisbane, Queensland, stone and attached building was disfavoured outside of government buildings, and in fact legislated against by the Undue Subdivision of Land Prevention Act 1885. The Rocks is an inner-city Suburb, Tourist precinct and historic area of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Rocks is an inner-city Suburb, Tourist precinct and historic area of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Rocks is an inner-city Suburb, Tourist precinct and historic area of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent The Undue Subdivision of Land Prevention Act 1885 was a law passed by the Parliament of Queensland in that year to prevent overcrowding and urban degradation in cities and towns Enacted as a public health and anti-slum measure, this act set a minimum frontage of about 10 metres for each residential block, thus effectively ending the building of terraces, although a few terraces were built as a single rental project, were not subdivided, and managed to bypass the legislation. However only a handful of elaborate heritage listed examples remain, mostly clustered in the Central Business District (The Mansions and Harris Terrace on George Street and Petrie Terrace on Petrie Terrace), and a handful of singular rows in the inner suburbs (Cook's Terrace on Coronation Drive, Milton and Edmonstone Street in West End). The Mansions is a heritage listed set of six three-storied terrace houses located on the corner of George Street and Margaret Street, Brisbane, Queensland Milton is an inner suburb of Brisbane, Australia, located approximately two kilometres west of Brisbane's Central business district. West End is also the name of a suburb in Townsville. See West End Queensland (Townsville. Nostalgic replicas, however, are popular in Brisbane, with some notable examples, built in the 1980s and 1990s in mock Victorian style along Gregory Terrace.

The Mansions, Brisbane CBD	Harris Terrace, George Street	A mixed row in Normanby, Inner Brisbane	Cook's Terrace overlooking the river in Milton
O'Keefe's Buildings Petrie Terrace	Petrie Terrace - on Petrie Terrace	Gregory Terrace Replicas 1988, Brisbane	Musgrave terraces, West End

Other cities

Examples of terrace housing outside of Sydney and Melbourne are less common.

For reasons given above, terraces are extremely rare in Brisbane.

The planned city of Adelaide, South Australia has perhaps the most terrace houses of any other capital city, Marine Apartments in the suburb of Grange, is particularly notable, as it is a large three storey filigree terrace. Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country Grange is a suburb located by the beach in Adelaide. It is approximately thirty minutes drive from the Adelaide Central business district.

In Perth, Western Australia there are a handful of examples in the inner city and Fremantle's Point Street. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. Fremantle (commonly known as Freo is a Port City in Western Australia, located southwest of Perth, the state capital at the mouth of

Tasmania, being one of the oldest European settlements has a number of good examples despite the relative size of its major cities in comparison to mainland cities. Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass Inner Hobart has some good examples of terrace housing. Hobart is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Launceston has some great examples as well (mostly in the Central Business District and East Launceston), including Alpha Terrace, which has striking similarities to many of the terraces in Sydney's hilly suburbs. Launceston ( (short first vowel /ˈlɔːnsəstən/ is often incorrectly heard in other parts of Australia is a city in the north of the state of Tasmania, Australia

Outside of Melbourne in Victoria, Ballarat has some scattered existing terrace houses and semi-detached houses, as do the older cities of Geelong, Queenscliff, Portland and Port Fairy. Ballarat (formerly spelt "Ballaarat" is a city in Victoria, Australia, and one of the country's largest inland cities MCite/Citephp.--> Geelong (dʒəˈlɔŋ is the second largest city in the state Queenscliff is a small town on the Bellarine Peninsula at the entrance to Port Phillip in southern Victoria Australia and is bounded on its north side The city of Portland is the oldest European settlement in what is now the state of Victoria, Australia. Port Fairy is a coastal town in western Victoria, Australia. It is located on the Princes Highway in the Shire of Moyne west of Warrnambool

Outside of Sydney in New South Wales, Newcastle has a fine collection of 1890s terraces. The Newcastle metropolitan area is the second most populated area in the state of New South Wales and includes most of the Newcastle and Lake Macquarie Almost all of them be found in a conservation area just east of the Central Business District on The Terrace, Wolfe Street, Tyrell Street, Bull Street and Watts Street, including Buchanans Terrace (c1890). Surprisingly, the Western New South Wales city of Dubbo has examples of Victorian terraces and semi-detached houses close to the city centre, mostly in the Darling Street area. Dubbo is a city in the Central West Region of New South Wales, Australia.

Terrace houses are much rarer in New Zealand. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Some examples can be found in the older suburbs of Auckland, such as Parnell and occasional one off examples such as Hyland House in Dunedin. The Auckland metropolitan area or Greater Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous urban area in the country Parnell, a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand, dates from the Pakeha settlement of Auckland in 1841 Dunedin (dəˈneɪdɪn) Ōtepoti in Maori is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, and the principal city of the region of

Some other smaller provincial Australian cities also have rare pockets of terrace housing.

Single storey terraces in suburban Geelong	Victorian filligree terraces in Queenscliff	Streetscape in Newcastle, New South Wales	Unique Edwardian pair in Maclean, Northern Rivers, New South Wales
Terrace in Dubbo, Western New South Wales

In the United States

The first row houses in the United States, were Carstairs Row in Philadelphia, designed by builder and architect Thomas Carstairs ^[4] circa 1799 through 1820, for developer William Sansom, as part of the first speculative housing developments in the United States. MCite/Citephp.--> Geelong (dʒəˈlɔŋ is the second largest city in the state The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Jewelers' Row is in the Center City section of Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Subdivision is the act of dividing land into pieces that are easier to sell or otherwise develop usually via a Plat. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[5] Carstairs Row was built on the southern part of the site occupied by "Morris' Folly" – Robert Morris’ unfinished mansion designed by L'Enfant. Robert Morris Jr (ˈmɒrɨs ( January 20, 1734 – May 9, 1806) was an American merchant and a signer to the United States ^[6] Prior to this time houses had been built not in rows, but individually. It can be contrasted with Elfreth's Alley, the oldest continuously occupied road in America, where all the house are of varying heights and widths, with different street lines, doorways and brickwork. Elfreth's Alley is a residential Alley located in Philadelphia Pennsylvania, in the United States.

Terrace housing in American usage generally continued to be called townhouses in the United States, with a distinctive type found in New York City, among other cities, called a brownstone. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The City of New York Brownstone is a brown Triassic Sandstone which was once a popular Building material. Some newer row houses, which are especially prominent in neighborhoods like Middle Village, Woodhaven and Jackson Heights in Queens and Bensonhurst, Bay Ridge, Canarsie and Marine Park in Brooklyn are commonly referred to locally as "attached houses"

In Philadelphia, Baltimore, San Francisco, and Washington DC, they are simply called row houses or row homes, and are very common. Middle Village is a neighborhood in central Queens, a borough of New York City. Woodhaven is a mostly residential upper middle-class neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. Jackson Heights is a Neighborhood in north-western portion of the borough of Queens in New York City, USA. Bensonhurst is a neighborhood located in the south-central part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Bay Ridge is a neighborhood in the southwest corner of the New York City borough of Canarsie is a Neighborhood in the southeastern portion of the borough of Brooklyn, in New York City, United States. See also Marine reserve as many areas called parks are wholly or partly marine conservation reserves A marine park is a Park consisting Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Despite the narrow lots, many row houses are relatively large.

In historic Philadelphia, almost the entire city is populated with various types of row houses. Many of Philadelphia's row houses date back to colonial times. The style and type of material used in constructing Philadelphia's row houses vary throughout the city. Most homes are primarily red brick in construction, with stone and marble accent. There are some communities in the city where the homes are built of solid granite, such as Mayfair in Northeast Philadelphia and Mt. Airy in Northwest Philadelphia. Mayfair is a neighborhood located in the Northeast section of Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Northeast Philadelphia ("the Northeast" is a section of the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. For other uses see Mount Airy. Mount Airy is a neighborhood of Northwest Philadelphia in the U Northwest Philadelphia ("Uptown Philly" is a section of the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

In much of the Southern United States, they are referred to as row homes. The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive In the United States the term commonly describes a two story, owner-occupied housing unit that shares a wall with one or more neighboring units. The term also carries a more upscale cachet than the term "condo. "

In the Midwest and Great Plains (and often in Georgia), they are referred to as "townhomes. The Great Plains are the broad expanse of Prairie and Steppe which lie east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule " The term is not terribly specific, a townhome sometimes implies one side of a duplex that is owned.

Row houses in Baltimore's Charles Village neighborhood	San Francisco's "Painted Ladies" on Steiner Street, Alamo Park, not strictly "terraced", but similar	"Terraced" homes in San Francisco	Row houses along Dartmouth Street in Boston's South End
Elfreth's Alley, Philadelphia	Townhome Condominiums, Midtown Atlanta	Colorful Townhomes, Midtown Atlanta	Row houses in Washington, DC's Eckington neighborhood
Lawrenceville neighborhood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	Bristol Bay townhomes in Bristol, WI	Formstone-faced rowhomes in Baltimore

In Malaysia and Singapore

Introduced around the beginning of the twentieth century, terraced houses (also known as linear linkhouses) have been adopted in both Malaysia and Singapore since the countries' early British colonial rule. Charles Village is a Neighborhood located in the north-central area of Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Painted Ladies is a term used for Victorian and Edwardian houses and buildings painted in three or more colors that embellish or enhance their architectural details Elfreth's Alley is a residential Alley located in Philadelphia Pennsylvania, in the United States. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Midtown Atlanta is a district in Atlanta Georgia, situated between the commercial and financial district of Downtown to the south and the affluent residential Midtown Atlanta is a district in Atlanta Georgia, situated between the commercial and financial district of Downtown to the south and the affluent residential Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Eckington is a Neighborhood in Northeast Washington DC located south of the Prospect Hill and Glenwood Cemeteries Lawrenceville is one of the largest Neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Bristol is a town in Kenosha County, Wisconsin, United States. Formstone is a plaster compound creating the Trompe l'oeil appearance of rock For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Singapore The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Based on British terraced home designs, the Southeast Asian variations are similar to their British counterparts (in which the living quarters are located on the front and top floor and the kitchen at the back) and were adapted to accommodate the area's tropical weather, which is primarily warm throughout the year and receives heavy rainfall. Earlier versions were more open, designed to better circulate air and features inner courtyards, with a frontal yard, rear yard, or both. A typical Malaysian and Singaporean terraced house is usually one or two floors high, but a handful of three or four storey terraced homes exist, especially newer terraced houses. Earlier variations followed traditional Western, Malay, India and Chinese architecture, as well as Art Deco and International stylings between the 1930s and 1950s. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial The International style was a major Architectural style of the 1920s and 1930s

The manner in which the buildings were designed varies by their location in an urban area. Derivatives located within city centres may also utilize their space for both commercial on the ground floor and residential use on the first floor and above (accurately known as shophouses, also similar to Lingnan buildings). A shophouse is a vernacular architectural Building type that is both native and unique to urban Southeast Asia. Lingnan culture (嶺南文化 refers to the Culture of Guangdong and the nearby provinces in southeastern China. Inner city terrace house design tended to lack any frontal yard at all, with narrow street frontages, hence the building's structure directly erected in front of the road. One of the reasons behind this was the taxing according to street frontage rather than total area, thereby creating an economic motivation to build narrow and deeply. A five foot way porch was usually laid out at the ground floor for use by both the residents and pedestrians. Five foot ways are pedestrian walkways indented into the ground floor of a building from the road so that the overhanging upper floors can provide a cover to shield pedestrians from A porch is a structure attached to a building forming a covered entrance to a vestibule or doorway Alternatively, the porch may be sealed from the rest of the walkway to serve as personal space. Such designs became less common after the 1960s.

Terrace houses located on the outskirts of city centres were less restrictive, although the design of the building itself was not unlike those in the city. Certain homes tend to feature longer front yards, enough to accommodate cars. Others strictly serve as a small garden. This design remained in demand throughout the twentieth century, and a construction boom of the house design occurred in Malaysia since the 1940s, with numerous housing estates consisting of terrace homes sprouting in and around cities and towns. In the process, the design of the building began to diversify, with various refinements and style changes. Generally, the building's floor space and yards become larger and more elaborate through time, as is the modernisation of exterior construction and facade.

Certain older terrace houses tend to be converted for various new roles; some are converted into shophouses or business premises (including clubs, hotels and boarding homes–especially pre-independence houses–and kindergartens). Others have remained in use as residential units, are abandoned, neglected, or razed. Significant expansions are also common on all terrace homes; roofs and additional rooms may be added within the floorspace of the house's lot. Concerns are also raised with the limited maintenance and monitoring of deserted terrace homes, which potentially become hiding places for rodents and snakes (in yards with overgrown grass), and drug addicts.

Earlier variations of the terrace house were constructed with wood, later replaced with a masonry shell holding wooden beams to form foundations for the upper floors and tiled roof. Contemporary variations are primarily held together with reinforced concrete beams, which are later completed with concrete slabs, brick walls and tiled roofs.

Sources and further reading

• Summerson, John, 1947. Sir John Newenham Summerson CH CBE (1904-1992 was one of the leading English architectural historians of the 20th century Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "John Wood and the English town-planning tradition" collected in Heavenly Mansions (1963). John Wood or variants therefrom may refer to Actors Mrs John Wood (1831&ndash1915 British actor in America along with her less notable husband John
• Summerson, Georgian London.
• Chen, The Encyclopedia of Malaysia, Volume 5 (1998). The Encyclopedia of Malaysia is a multi-volume encyclopedia about Malaysia

References

External links

• http://www.le.ac.uk/emoha/leicester/terraces.html - A tribute to the typical terraced houses of Leicester, UK

See also

• Back-to-back houses
• Duplex
• Semi-detached
• Townhouse
• Shotgun house
• List of house types
• Gentrification
• Australian architectural styles

Back-to-back houses are a form of Terraced house in which two houses share a rear wall (or in which the rear wall of a house directly abuts a factory or other building A duplex house is a dwelling comprising two units usually side-by-side but sometimes on two different floors Semi-Detached (1998 was Therapy? 's last album for A&M Records. Historically in the United Kingdom, Ireland and in many other countries a townhouse (or a "house in town" was a residence of a peer or member of the The shotgun house is a narrow rectangular domestic residence usually no more than 12  feet (3 Residential dwellings can be built in a large variety of configurations Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class Australian architectural styles, like the revivalist trends which dominated Europe for centuries have been primarily derivative

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