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For other uses, see Tern (disambiguation).
Terns
Crested Tern.
Crested Tern. The Greater Crested Tern, Crested Tern or Swift Tern, ( Thalasseus bergii) is a Seabird in the Tern family which nests in dense
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Charadriiformes
Suborder: Lari
Family: Sternidae
Bonaparte, 1838
Genera

Terns are seabirds in the family Sternidae, previously considered a subfamily (Sterninae) of the gull family Laridae (van Tuinen et al. Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Charadriiformes is a diverse order of small to medium-large Birds It includes about 350 Species and has members in all parts of the world For the Currency, see Georgian lari. For the Italian city see Lari Italy. Charles Lucien (Carlo Jules Laurent Bonaparte 2nd Prince of Canino and Musignano ( May 24, 1803 &ndash July 29, 1857) was a French Anous is a genus of Birds in the Tern family It consists of three species Brown Noddy or Common Noddy, Anous Procelsterna is a genus of Birds in the Tern family It consists of two species which are sometimes considered to be conspecific Gygis is a genus of Birds in the Tern family It consists of two species White Tern, Gygis alba Onychoprion, the brown-backed terns, are a Genus of Seabirds in the Tern family. Sternula is a genus of small white Terns It is often subsumed into the larger genus Sterna, although the most recent changes to the This article is about the Greek Goddess for the bird genus see Large-billed Tern. The Caspian Tern ( Hydroprogne caspia, formerly Sterna caspia; syn The Gull-billed Tern, Gelochelidon nilotica, formerly Sterna nilotica (Bridge et al The Inca Tern, Larosterna inca, is a Seabird in the family Sternidae. The name marsh tern refers to Terns of the genus Chlidonias, which are typically found in freshwater marshes rather than coastal locations Thalasseus, the crested terns, is a genus of six species of Seabirds in the Tern family Sterna is a Genus of Terns in the bird family Sternidae. It used to encompass most "white" terns indiscriminately but MtDNA Seabirds are Birds that have adapted to life within the marine environment Gulls (often informally Seagulls) are birds in the family Laridae Gulls (often informally Seagulls) are birds in the family Laridae , 2004). They form a lineage with the gulls and skimmers which in turn is related to skuas and auks. Gulls (often informally Seagulls) are birds in the family Laridae The Skimmers, Rhynchopidae, are a small family of Tern -like Birds in the order Charadriiformes which also includes the Waders Gulls Skuas are Seabirds in the family Stercorariidae. The three smaller skuas are called jaegers in North America This article is about a family of birds For the American ornithological journal see The Auk. Terns have a worldwide distribution.

Most terns were formerly treated as belonging into one large genus Sterna, with the other genera being small, but analysis of DNA sequences supports the splitting of Sterna into several smaller genera (see list, below) (del Hoyo et al. Sterna is a Genus of Terns in the bird family Sternidae. It used to encompass most "white" terns indiscriminately but MtDNA A DNA sequence or genetic sequence is a succession of letters representing the Primary structure of a real or hypothetical DNA Molecule , 1996; Bridge et al. 2005; Collinson 2006).

Many terns breeding in temperate zones are long-distance migrants, and the Arctic Tern probably sees more daylight than any other creature, since it migrates from its northern breeding grounds to Antarctic waters. Bird migration refers to the regular seasonal journeys undertaken by many species of Birds Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability The Arctic Tern ( Sterna paradisaea) is a Seabird of the Tern family Sternidae. One Arctic Tern, ringed as a chick (not yet able to fly) on the Farne Islands off the Northumberland coast in eastern Great Britain in summer 1982, reached Melbourne, Australia in October 1982, a sea journey of over 22,000 km (14,000 statute miles) in just three months from fledging—an average of over 240 km per day, and one of the longest journeys ever recorded for a bird. Bird ringing (also known as bird Banding) is an aid to studying wild Birds by attaching a small individually numbered metal or plastic ring to their legs The Farne Islands (also referred to less formally as the Farnes) are a group of islands off the coast of Northumberland, England. Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

They are in general medium to large birds, typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. They have longish bills and webbed feet. They are lighter bodied and more streamlined than gulls, and look elegant in flight with long tails and long narrow wings. Terns in the genus Sterna have deeply forked tails, those in Chlidonias and Larosterna shallowly forked tails, while the noddies (genera Anous, Procelsterna, Gygis) have unusual 'notched wedge' shaped tails, the longest tail feathers being the middle-outer, not the central nor the outermost. Terns ranges in size from the Least Tern, at 42 g (1. The Least Tern ( Sternula antillarum, formerly Sterna antillarum) is a species of Tern that breeds in North America and locally in northern 5 oz) and 23 cm (9 inches), to the Caspian Tern, at 630 g (1. The Caspian Tern ( Hydroprogne caspia, formerly Sterna caspia; syn 4 lbs) and 53 cm (21 inches).

Arctic Tern.

A flock of Royal Terns in flight in Florida, USA. The Royal Tern ( Thalasseus maximus, syn Sterna maxima - see Bridge et al Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the

Common Tern by the River Thames

A breeding pair of Least Terns. The Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) is a Seabird of the Tern family Sternidae The Thames ( is a major River flowing through southern England. One has just caught a fish.

Terns in flight in California

Terns in flight in California

Most terns (Sterna and the noddies) hunt fish by diving, often hovering first, but the marsh terns (Chlidonias) pick insects of the surface of fresh water. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Terns only glide infrequently; a few species, notably Sooty Tern, will soar high above the sea. The Sooty Tern, Onychoprion fuscatus (formerly Sterna fuscata) is a Seabird of the Tern family (Sternidae Apart from bathing, they only rarely swim, despite having webbed feet.

Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species now known to live in excess of 25-30 years.

Classification and species list

A recent study (Thomas et al. , 2004) of part of the cyt b gene sequence found a closer relationship between terns and the Thinocori, some species of aberrant waders. Cytochrome b/b6 is main subunit of transmembrane cytochrome bc1 and b6f complexes A DNA sequence or genetic sequence is a succession of letters representing the Primary structure of a real or hypothetical DNA Molecule Waders, called shorebirds in North America (where "wader" is used to refer to long-legged wading Birds such as Storks and Waders, called shorebirds in North America (where "wader" is used to refer to long-legged wading Birds such as Storks and These results are in disagreement with other molecular and morphological studies (see Paton & Baker, 2006) and are best interpreted to prove an extraordinary amount of molecular convergent evolution between the terns and these waders, or as retention of an ancient genotype. Convergent evolution describes the acquisition of the same biological trait in unrelated lineages The genotype is the genetic constitution of a cell an organism or an individual (i

According the mtDNA studies and review by Bridge et al (2005), the genera and species of terns are as follows:

References

External links

Dictionary

tern

-noun

  1. Any of various sea birds of the family Sternidae that are similar to gulls but are smaller, more elegant and have a forked tail.
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