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The Temperance Movement attempted to reduce the amount of alcohol consumed within a community or society in general -- and even to prohibit its production and consumption entirely. In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon The Women's Christian Temperance Union is a prominent example of a religion-based temperance movement.

Most of its main supporters (in all countries) have been women, often as part of what some describe as feminism[ref?]. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements theories, and Philosophies which are concerned with the issue of Gender difference, advocate The strong temperance movements of the early 20th century found support from women who were opposed to the domestic violence associated with alcohol abuse, and the large share of household income it could consume, which was especially burdensome to the low-income working class. Domestic violence (also known as domestic abuse or spousal abuse) occurs when a family member partner or ex-partner attempts to physically or psychologically dominate Alcohol abuse, as described in the DSM-IV, is a psychiatric diagnosis describing the use of Alcoholic beverages despite negative consequences Poverty (also called penury) is deprivation of common necessities that determine the quality of life including food clothing shelter and safe Drinking water, and

Contents

United States

Main article: Prohibition in the United States
"The Drunkard's Progress", an iconic lithograph by Nathaniel Currier, exhibits the beliefs of the Temperance movement in the United States.
"The Drunkard's Progress", an iconic lithograph by Nathaniel Currier, exhibits the beliefs of the Temperance movement in the United States. In the United States, the term Prohibition refers to the period from 1920 to 1933 during which the sale manufacture and transportation of alcohol for consumption Lithography is a method for Printing using a plate or stone with a completely smooth surface Nathaniel Currier ( 27 March 1813 - 20 November 1888) was an American lithographer, who headed the company Currier

In colonial America, informal social controls in the home and community helped maintain that the abuse of alcohol was unacceptable. The term colonial history of the United States refers to the history of the land that would become the United States from the start of European settlement to the time of independence As the colonies grew from a rural society into a more urban one, drinking patterns began to change. As the American Revolution approached, economic change and urbanization were accompanied by increasing poverty, unemployment, and crime. Urbanizationn (also spelled urbanisation) is the physical growth of Urban areas into rural or natural land as a result of population in-migration to an existing Poverty (also called penury) is deprivation of common necessities that determine the quality of life including food clothing shelter and safe Drinking water, and Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment These emerging social problems were often blamed on drunkenness. Social control over alcohol abuse declined, anti-drunkenness ordinances were relaxed and alcohol problems increased dramatically. Alcohol abuse, as described in the DSM-IV, is a psychiatric diagnosis describing the use of Alcoholic beverages despite negative consequences A local ordinance is a Law usually found in a municipal code.

In this environment many people began seeking explanations of and a solution for drinking problems. One suggestion came from one of the foremost physicians of the period, Dr. Benjamin Rush. Benjamin Rush ( December 24 1745 &ndash April 19 1813) was a Founding Father of the United States. In 1784, Dr. Rush argued that the excessive use of alcohol was injurious to physical and psychological health (he believed in moderation rather than prohibition). Apparently influenced by Rush's widely discussed belief, about 2000 farmers in a Connecticut community formed a temperance association in 1789. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Similar associations were formed in Virginia in 1800 and New York State in 1808. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Within the next decade, other temperance organizations were formed in eight states, some being state-wide organizations.

The future looked bright for the young movement, which advocated temperance or moderation rather than abstinence. But many of the leaders overestimated their strength; they expanded their activities and took positions on profanation of the Sabbath, and other moral issues. The original meaning of the adjective profane (from the Latin for "in front of or outside the Temple " was to refer to items not belonging to the church In Christianity, the Sabbath is generally a weekly religious Day of rest as ordained by one of the Ten Commandments (the third by Roman Catholic They became involved in political in-fighting and by the early 1820s their movement stalled.

But some leaders persevered in pressing their cause forward. Americans such as Lyman Beecher, who was a Connecticut minister, had started to lecture his fellow citizens against all use of liquor in 1825. Lyman Beecher ( October 12, 1775 &ndash January 10, 1863) was a Presbyterian clergyman temperance movement leader and the father The American Temperance Society was formed in 1826 and benefited from a renewed interest in religion and morality. The American Temperance Society was established in Boston in 1826 Within 12 years it claimed more than 8,000 local groups and over 1,500,000 members. By 1839, 18 temperance journals were being published. Simultaneously, many Protestant churches were beginning to promote temperance. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation.

History of Temperance Organizations

Between 1830 and 1840, most temperance organizations began to argue that the only way to prevent drunkenness was to eliminate the consumption of alcohol. Drunkenness or inebriation is the state of being intoxicated by consumption of Alcoholic beverages to a degree that mental and physical faculties are noticeably The Temperance Society became the Abstinence Society. Abstinence is a voluntary restraint from indulging a desire or appetite for certain bodily activities that are widely experienced as giving pleasure The Independent Order of Good Templars, the Sons of Temperance, the Templars of Honor and Temperance, the Anti-Saloon League, the National Prohibition Party and other groups were formed and grew rapidly. The IOGT Internatinal (formerly known as the International Organisation of Good Templars and International Order of Good Templars and the Independent Order of The Sons of Temperance was a Brotherhood of men who promoted the Temperance movement and mutual support The Templars of Honor and Temperance was established in the United States in 1845 as the Marshall Temperance Fraternity as part of the Temperance movement. The Anti-Saloon League was the leading organization Lobbying for Prohibition in the United States in the early 20th century The Prohibition Party is a political party in the United States best known for its historic opposition to the sale or consumption of Alcoholic beverages With the passage of time, "The temperance societies became more and more extreme in the measures they championed. "

"He who does not love wine, wife, and song will be a fool his whole life long" — a vigorous 1873 assertion of cultural values of German-American immigrants
"He who does not love wine, wife, and song will be a fool his whole life long" — a vigorous 1873 assertion of cultural values of German-American immigrants

While it began by advocating the temperate or moderate use of alcohol, the movement now insisted that no one should be permitted to drink any alcohol in any quantity. It did so with religious fervor and increasing convictions.

The Maine law, passed in 1851 in Maine, was one of the first statutory implementations of the developing temperance movement in the United States. The Maine law, passed in 1851 in Maine, was one of the first statutory implementations of the developing Temperance movement in the United States 1851 ( MDCCCLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean Temperance activist Neal Dow helped force the law into existence. Neal S Dow nicknamed the "Napoleon of Temperance" ( March 20, 1804 &ndash October 2, 1897) was a Prohibitionist The passage of the law, which prohibited the sale of all alcoholic beverages except for "medicinal, mechanical or manufacturing purposes," quickly spread elsewhere, and by 1855 twelve states had joined Maine in total prohibition. These were "dry" states; states without prohibition laws were "wet. "

The act was unpopular with many working class people and immigrants. Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term Opposition to the law turned violent in Portland, Maine on June 2, 1855 during an incident known as the Maine law riot. Portland is the largest city in the US state of Maine and the County seat of Cumberland County. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The Portland Rum Riot, also called the Maine Law Riot, was a brief but violent period of civil unrest that occurred in Portland Maine on 2 June 1855

Temperance Education

In 1880 the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) established a Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction in Schools and Colleges, with Mary Hunt as National Superintendent. The Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction the educational arm of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU was an important part of the Temperance movement Mary Hunt (1830-1906 became one of the most powerful women in the United States Temperance movement promoting Prohibition of alcohol She believed that voters "must first be convinced that alcohol and kindred narcotics are by nature outlaws, before they will outlaw them. The term narcotic (ναρκωτικός is believed to have been coined by the Greek physician Galen to refer to agents that benumb or deaden causing loss " Elizabeth D. Gelok was one of the women that taught Scientific Temperance Instruction at the Schools and Colleges for the students. She was also a member of the WCTU along with Mary Hunt. Mary Hunt (1830-1906 became one of the most powerful women in the United States Temperance movement promoting Prohibition of alcohol She was one of the most well-known and loved Scientific Temperance Instruction teachers because the students loved her strong faith in the WCTU. She really believed in the Women's Christian Temperance Union and wanted to do anything in her power to be heard. Elizabeth decided to use legislation to coerce the moral suasion of students, who would be the next generation of voters. Legislation (or " Statutory law " is law which has been promulgated (or " Enacted quot by a Legislature or other Governing This gave birth to the idea of the compulsory Scientific Temperance Instruction Movement.

By the turn of the century, Mary Hunt’s efforts along with Elizabeth's and the other teacher's proved to be highly successful. Virtually every state, the District of Columbia, and all United States possessions had strong legislation mandating that all students receive anti-alcohol education. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Furthermore, the implementation of this legislation was closely monitored down to the classroom level by legions of determined and vigilant WCTU members throughout the nation.

Temperance writers viewed the WCTU's program of compulsory temperance education as a major factor leading to the establishment of National Prohibition with passage of the 18th Amendment to the U. Amendment XVIII (the Eighteenth Amendment) of the United States Constitution, along with the Volstead Act (which defined "intoxicating liquors" S. Constitution. Other knowledgeable observers, including the U. S. Commissioner of Education, agreed.

Because of the correlation between drinking and domestic violence -- many drunken husbands abused family members-- the temperance movement existed alongside various women's rights and other movements, including the Progressive movement, and often the same activists were involved in all of the above. Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements theories, and Philosophies which are concerned with the issue of Gender difference, advocate Progressivism is a term that refers to a broad school of international social and political philosophies. Many notable voices of the time, ranging from Lucy Webb Hayes to Susan B. Anthony, were active in the movement. Lucy Ware Webb Hayes sometimes credited as Lemonade Lucy ( August 28, 1831 &ndash June 25, 1889) was the wife of President Susan Brownell Anthony ( February 15, 1820 &ndash March 13, 1906) was a prominent American Civil rights leader who played In Canada, Nellie McClung was a longstanding advocate of temperance. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Nellie McClung, born Nellie Letitia Mooney ( October 20 1873 - September 1 1951) was a Canadian feminist, politician As with most social movements, there was a gamut of activists running from violent (Carrie Nation) to mild (Neal S. Dow). Neal S Dow nicknamed the "Napoleon of Temperance" ( March 20, 1804 &ndash October 2, 1897) was a Prohibitionist

Many former abolitionists joined the temperance movement and it was also strongly supported by the second that began to emerge after 1915. Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies

For decades prohibition was seen by temperance movement zealots and their followers as the almost magical solution to the nation's poverty, crime, violence, and other ills. Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol On the eve of prohibition the invitation to a church celebration in New York said "Let the church bells ring and let there be great rejoicing, for an enemy has been overthrown and victory crowns the forces of righteousness. " Jubilant with victory, some in the WCTU announced that, having brought Prohibition to the United States, it would now go forth to bring the blessing of enforced abstinence to the rest of the world.

The famous evangelist Billy Sunday staged a mock funeral for John Barleycorn and then preached on the benefits of prohibition. William Ashley "Billy" Sunday ( November 19 1862 – November 6 1935) was an American athlete and religious " John Barleycorn " is an English Folksong. The character of John Barleycorn in the song is a personification of the important Cereal crop "The reign of tears is over," he asserted. "The slums will soon be only a memory. We will turn our prisons into factories and our jails into storehouses and corncribs. A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of " Since alcohol was to be banned and since it was seen as the cause of most, if not all, crime, some communities sold their jails. One sold its jail to a farmer who converted it into a combination pig and chicken house while another converted its jail into a tool house.

Anti-Saloon League

The Anti-Saloon League, under the leadership of Wayne Wheeler stressed political results and utilized pressure politics. The Anti-Saloon League was the leading organization Lobbying for Prohibition in the United States in the early 20th century Wayne Bidwell Wheeler ( November 10, 1869 – September 5, 1927) was an American Attorney and prohibitionist Pressure politics generally refers to political action which relies heavily on the use of mass media and mass communications to persuade politicians that the public wants or demands a particular It did not demand that politicians change their drinking habits, only their votes in the legislature. Other organizations like the Prohibition Party and the WCTU lost influence to the League. The Prohibition Party is a political party in the United States best known for its historic opposition to the sale or consumption of Alcoholic beverages The League mobilized its religious coalition to pass state (and local) legislation. Energized by the anti-German sentiment during World War I, in 1918 it achieved the main goal of passage of the 18th Amendment establishing National Prohibition. Amendment XVIII (the Eighteenth Amendment) of the United States Constitution, along with the Volstead Act (which defined "intoxicating liquors"

Temperance organizations

Temperance organizations of the United States played an essential role in bringing about ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution establishing national prohibition of alcohol. Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon They included:

There was often considerable overlap in membership in these organizations, as well as in leadership. The American Issue Publishing Company, incorporated in 1909 was the holding company of the Anti-Saloon League of America The American Temperance Society was established in Boston in 1826 The Anti-Saloon League was the leading organization Lobbying for Prohibition in the United States in the early 20th century The British Women's Temperance Association (BWTA was founded following a meeting in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1876 featuring American temperance activist "Mother" The work of Father Mathew in promoting Temperance across the U Thi Committee of Fifty was formed in 1893 by scholars to investigate problems associated with the use and abuse of alcoholic beverages The Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction the educational arm of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU was an important part of the Temperance movement The IOGT Internatinal (formerly known as the International Organisation of Good Templars and International Order of Good Templars and the Independent Order of The Knights of Father Mathew was a Catholic temperance society that originated in Ireland and promoted complete abstinence from intoxicating The Lincoln-Lee Legion was established by Anti-Saloon League -founder Howard Hyde Russell in 1903 to promote the signing of Abstinence pledges by children The Methodist Episcopal Church Board of Temperance Prohibition and Public Morals was a major organization in the American Temperance movement which led The National Temperance Society and Publishing House was founded in 1865 The Prohibition Party is a political party in the United States best known for its historic opposition to the sale or consumption of Alcoholic beverages The Scientific Temperance Federation was founded in 1906 upon the death of Mary Hunt, head of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union ’s Department of Scientific The Sons of Temperance was a Brotherhood of men who promoted the Temperance movement and mutual support The Templars of Honor and Temperance was established in the United States in 1845 as the Marshall Temperance Fraternity as part of the Temperance movement. Theobald Mathew (1790-1856 an Irish temperance reformer popularly known as Father Mathew was born at Thomastown near Golden County Tipperary The National Temperance Council was established in 1913 to coordinate the activities of numerous organization in the Temperance movement. The World League Against Alcoholism was organized by the Anti-Saloon League, whose goal became establishing Prohibition not only in the United States but throughout Prominent temperance leaders in the United States included Bishop James Cannon, Jr., James Black, Ernest Cherrington, Neal S. Dow, Mary Hunt, William E. Johnson (known as "Pussyfoot" Johnson), Carrie Nation, Howard Hyde Russell, John St. John, Billy Sunday, Father Mathew, Andrew Volstead and Wayne Wheeler. Bishop James Cannon Jr ( 13 November 1864 &ndash 6 September 1944) was an American Bishop of the Methodist James Black (1800-1872 was the creator of the original Bowie knife designed by Jim Bowie. Ernest Cherrington (1877-1950 was a leading temperance journalist (see Temperance movement) Neal S Dow nicknamed the "Napoleon of Temperance" ( March 20, 1804 &ndash October 2, 1897) was a Prohibitionist Mary Hunt (1830-1906 became one of the most powerful women in the United States Temperance movement promoting Prohibition of alcohol William Eugene "Pussyfoot" Johnson ( 25 March 1862 &ndash 2 February 1945) was an American Prohibition advocate Howard Hyde Russell (1855-1946 was the founder of the Anti-Saloon League. John Pierce St John ( February 25, 1833 August 31, 1916) was eighth Governor of Kansas and a candidate for President of William Ashley "Billy" Sunday ( November 19 1862 – November 6 1935) was an American athlete and religious The name Theobald Mathew can refer to at least two individuals Andrew John Volstead ( October 31 1860 &ndash January 20 1947) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Wayne Bidwell Wheeler ( November 10, 1869 – September 5, 1927) was an American Attorney and prohibitionist

United Kingdom

Band of Hope Banner from Cornwall.
Band of Hope Banner from Cornwall. [1]

Starting from a group of workers "taking the pledge", the British Association for the Promotion of Temperance was established by 1835. [2] Within a few years the Temperance movement was advocating complete teetotalism rather than moderation. See also Prohibition, Temperance movement Teetotalism (or T-total is the practice and promotion of complete Abstinence from Alcoholic beverages

In 1847 the Band of Hope was founded in Leeds, to save for working class children from the perils of drink. Hope UK is a national Christian charity located at 25(f Copperfield Street London, England which is dedicated to educating children Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types The members had to pledge to abstain "from all liquors of an intoxicating quality, whether ale, porter, wine or ardent spirits, except as medicine"[3]

In 1853, inspired by the Maine law in the USA, the United Kingdom Alliance led by John B. The United Kingdom Alliance was a Temperance movement in the United Kingdom founded on 20 July 1852. Gough was formed aimed at promoting a similar law prohibiting the sale of alcohol in the UK. This hard-line group of prohibitionists was opposed by other temperance organisations who preferred moral persuasion to a legal ban. This division in the ranks limited the effectiveness of the temperance movement as a whole. The impotence of legislation in this field was demonstrated when the Sale of Beer Act 1854 which restricted Sunday opening hours had to be repealed, following widespread rioting. In 1859 a prototype prohibition bill was overwhelmingly defeated in the House of Commons. [4]

Despite this setback Quakers and the Salvation Army (founded in 1865) still lobbied parliament to restrict alcohol sales. The Salvation Army is a Christian charity and church that is internally organised like a military service. Nonconformists were active with large numbers of Baptist and Congregational ministers being teetotal. Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. In Wales Lady Llanover closed all the public houses on her estate and was an outspoken critic of the evils of drink. Augusta Hall Baroness Llanover ( 21 March 1802 &ndash 17 January 1896) born Augusta Waddington, was a Welsh Heiress

The League of the Cross was a Catholic total abstinence organisation founded in 1873 by Cardinal Manning. The League of the Cross was a Roman Catholic Total abstinence confraternity founded in London in 1873 by Cardinal Manning. In 1876 the British Women's Temperance Association was formed to persuade men to stop drinking and in 1884 the National Temperance Federation, associated with the Liberal Party was founded. The British Women's Temperance Association (BWTA was founded following a meeting in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1876 featuring American temperance activist "Mother" The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the rise of the Labour Party in the 1920s and a third party [5]

The temperance movement received an unexpected boost due to state intervention when the Liberal government passed the Defence of the Realm Act in 1914 at the beginning of the First World War. The Defence of the Realm Act ( DORA) was passed in the United Kingdom on 8 August 1914, during the early weeks of World War I. According to the provisions of this act pub hours were licensed, beer was watered down and was subject to a penny a pint extra tax. [6]This situation was maintained by the subsequent establishment of the State Management Scheme in 1916 which nationalised breweries and pubs in certain areas of Britain where armanents manufacture was taking place. The State Management Scheme (known locally as 'The Scheme' saw the UK government take over and run the brewing distribution and sale of liquor in three regions of the UK from

However in the end the dismal example of the complete failure of National Prohibition in America in the 1920's put paid to any remote chance that the temperance lobby would succeed in achieving its aims in the UK[7]

Ireland

In Ireland, a Catholic priest Theobald Matthew persuaded thousands to sign the pledge. Theobald Mathew (1790-1856 an Irish temperance reformer popularly known as Father Mathew was born at Thomastown near Golden County Tipperary

New Zealand

In New Zealand at the end of the 19th Century it became apparent that problems associated with settlement, such as larrikinism and drunkenness, were growing in society. Larrikin redirects here for the British rock band see Larrikin Love Larrikinism is the name given to the Australian folk tradition Increasing urbanisation heightened public awareness of the gap between social aspirations and reality of the young colony. Urbanizationn (also spelled urbanisation) is the physical growth of Urban areas into rural or natural land as a result of population in-migration to an existing Generalisations from newspapers, visiting speakers & politicians in the late 1890’s allowed development of large public overreaction and fervor to the magnitude of the problem of alcohol. It became the firm opinion of a number of prominent New Zealanders that the colony’s problems were associated with alcohol. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island

Despite the efforts of the temperance movement, the rate of convictions for drunkenness remained constant in New Zealand. The rapid increase in the number of convictions for public drunkenness was more a reflection of the growing population rather than social denigration.

The pressure applied from the temperance movement crippled New Zealand’s young wine industry post WWI. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

In 1834, the first recorded temperance meeting was held in the Bay of Islands (Northland). The 1860’s saw the foundation of a large number of temperance societies. Many provinces passed licensing ordinances giving residents the right to secure, by petition, the cancellation or granting of liquor licenses in their district. The Licensing Act of 1873 allowed the prohibition of liquor sales in districts if petitioned by two-thirds of residents. In this year a national body called the New Zealand Alliance for Suppression and Abolition of Liquor Traffic was formed pushing for control of the liquor trade as a democratic right. In 1893 the Alcoholic Liquors Sale Control Act aligned licensing districts with parliamentary electorates. In 1894 Clutha electorate voted ‘no-license’ and in 1902 Mataura and Ashburton followed suit. Clutha may refer to Clutha (dance, a Scottish country dance The Clutha, a traditional Scottish band Mataura is a town in the Southland region of the South Island of New Zealand. Ashburton is a town and district in the Canterbury region on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. In 1905 Invercargill, Oamaru and Greylynn voted ‘no-license’. Invercargill ( Waihōpai in Māori) is the southernmost and westernmost city in New Zealand, and one of the southernmost cities in the world History The vicinity of Oamaru features some important archaeological sites In 1908 Bruce, Wellington suburbs, Wellington South, Masterton, Ohinemuri and Eden voted ‘no-license' and many wine makers were denied the right to sell their wines locally and were forced out of business. This article is about the given name For other uses see Bruce (disambiguation The English language name Bruce arrived in Scotland with the Wellington South was a Canadian federal electoral district represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1867 to 1968 Masterton is a town (and local government district in the Wellington region of New Zealand. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice

In 1911 the Liquor Amendment Act provided for national poll on prohibition and the New Zealand Viticultural Association was formed to “save this fast decaying industry by initiation of such legislation as will restore confidence among those who after long years of waiting have almost lost confidence in the justice of the Government. Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol Through harsh laws and withdrawal of government support and encouragement that had been promised, a great industry had been practically ruined. ”

In 1914 sensing a growing feeling of wowserism, Prime Minister Massey lambasted Dalmatian wine as "a degrading, demoralizing and sometimes maddening drink. Wowsers! is also a signature expression used by the cartoon character Inspector Gadget. "

On April 10, 1919 a national poll for continuance was carried with 51%, due only to votes of Expeditionary Force soldiers returning from Europe. On December 7 a second poll failed by 3363 votes to secure prohibition over continuance or state purchase and control of liquor. Restrictive legislation was introduced on sale of liquor, and by 1928 the percentage of prohibition votes begin to decline.

References

  1. ^ The Band of Hope Banner, illustrated, is in the Heritage Centre at the village of Constantine in Cornwall
  2. ^ Harrison, Brian (1971). This place should not be confused with Constantine Bay, Cornwall which is west of Padstow. Drink & the Victorians, The Temperance Question in England 1815-1872. Faber and Faber.  
  3. ^ Nick Brownlee (2002) This is Alcohol: 99
  4. ^ Nick Brownlee (2002) This is Alcohol: 99-100
  5. ^ Sparatacus.schoolnet
  6. ^ Nick Brownlee (2002) This is Alcohol: 106
  7. ^ Nick Brownlee (2002) This is Alcohol: 107

Bibliography

See also

Source

External links

Throughout the first 1800 years of church history, Christians consumed Alcoholic beverages as a common part of everyday life and nearly always used Wine The term Coffee Palace was used in Australia to describe the Temperance hotels which were built during the period of the 1880s Daisy Douglas Barr was Imperial Empress (leader of the Indiana Women's Ku Klux Klan (WKKK in the early 1920s and an active member of the Women's Christian Temperance Union Diocletian Lewis (1823-1886 commonly known as Dr Dio Lewis was a Temperance leader who practiced Homeopathy. Edith Smith Davis was a major leader in the Temperance movement. A lecture by Diocletian Lewis in 1873 inspired Eliza Thompson (Eliza Jane Trimble Thompson to begin leading groups of women into saloons where they sang Hymns The IOGT Internatinal (formerly known as the International Organisation of Good Templars and International Order of Good Templars and the Independent Order of Mary Hunt (1830-1906 became one of the most powerful women in the United States Temperance movement promoting Prohibition of alcohol Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol Purley Albert Baker (1858-1924 was an ordained Methodist minister who strongly opposed any consumption of beverage Alcohol and was superintendent of the Ohio The Hallelujah Trail is a 1965 Western spoof directed by John Sturges and starring Burt Lancaster, Lee Remick, Brian Dr Thomas Sewall ( April 16, 1786 &ndash April 10, 1845) was a doctor writer and professor The Washingtonian movement ( Washingtonians, Washingtonian Temperance Society or Washingtonian Total Abstinence Society) was a 19th century fellowship Wedding of the Weddings is an annual Meeting of couples who had non-alcoholic wedding receptions William Hogarth (10 November 1697 &ndash 26 October 1764 was a major English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, social critic Beer Street and Gin Lane are two prints issued in 1751 by English artist William Hogarth in support of what would become the Gin Act The Alcohol and Drugs History Society is a scholarly organization whose members study the history of a variety of illegal regulated and unregulated Drugs such as Opium
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