A television studio is an installation in which television or video productions take place, either for live television, for recording live to tape, or for the acquisition of raw footage for postproduction. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Video is the technology of electronically capturing, Recording, processing storing transmitting and reconstructing a sequence of Still images "Live TV" redirects here For the British TV station formerly known by this name see L!VE TV. In Film and Video, footage is the raw unedited material as it had been originally recorded by video Camera, which usually must be edited to See also Filmmaking Post-production occurs in the making of motion pictures, television programs, Videos audio recordings The design of a studio is similar to, and derived from, movie studios, with a few amendments for the special requirements of television production. A movie studio (aka film studio) is in the established sense of the term a company that distributes films. A professional television studio generally has several rooms, which are kept separate for noise and practicality reasons. These rooms are connected via intercom, and personnel will be divided among these workplaces. An intercom (intercommunication device is an electronic communications system intended for limited or private dialogue direction collaboration or announcements Generally, a television studio consists of the following rooms:

Studio floor

The studio floor is the actual stage on which the actions that will be recorded take place. A studio floor has the following characteristics and installations:

• decoration and/or sets
• cameras on pedestals
• microphones
• lighting rigs and the associated controlling equipment. Set construction is a process by which a set designer works in collaboration with the director of the production to create the set for a theatrical film or television A professional Video camera (often called a television camera even though the use has spread is a high-end device for recording electronic moving images (as opposed Pedestal (from French piedestal, Italian piedistallo, foot of a stall is a term generally applied to the support of a Statue or a Vase Modern stage lighting is a flexible Tool in the production of Theatre, Dance, Opera and other Performance arts
• several video monitors for visual feedback from the production control room
• a small public address system for communication
• A glass window between PCR and studio floor for direct visual contact is usually desired, but not always possible

While a production is in progress, the following people work in the studio floor. A video monitor also called a broadcast monitor, is a device similar to a Television, used to monitor the output of a video-generating device such as a media A public address or " PA " system is an electronic amplification system with a mixer, Amplifier and Loudspeakers used to

• The on-screen "talent" themselves, and any guests - the subjects of the show.
• A floor director, who has overall charge of the studio area, and who relays timing and other information from the director. Stage management is a sub-discipline of Stagecraft. Although a somewhat fluid line of work in essence the stage management team (which can consist of a production
• One or more camera operators who operate the television cameras, though in some instances these can also be operated from PCR using remote heads. A professional Video camera (often called a television camera even though the use has spread is a high-end device for recording electronic moving images (as opposed
• Possibly a teleprompter operator, especially if this is a news broadcast. News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth

Production control room

Production control room for The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, taken November 7, 2005 during an interview with Gen. For other uses see News Hour. The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer is an evening Television News program broadcast Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat The year 2005 in television involved some significant eventsBelow is a list of Television -related events in 2005. Peter Pace. Peter Pace (born November 5, 1945 in Brooklyn, New York) was the 16th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the

The production control room (also known as the 'gallery') is the place in a television studio in which the composition of the outgoing program takes place. Facilities in a PCR include:

• a video monitor wall, with monitors for program, preview, videotape machines, cameras, graphics and other video sources
• switcher a device where all video sources are controlled and taken to air. A video monitor also called a broadcast monitor, is a device similar to a Television, used to monitor the output of a video-generating device such as a media A vision mixer (also called video switcher video mixer or production switcher) is a device used to select between several different Video Also known as a special effects generator
• audio mixing console and other audio equipment such as effects devices
• character generator creates the majority of the names and full screen graphics that are inserted into the program
• digital video effects and/or still frame devices (if not integrated in the vision mixer)
• technical director's station, with waveform monitors, vectorscopes and the camera control units or remote control panels for the camera control units (CCUs)
• VTRs may also be located in the PCR, but are also often found in the central machine room

Master control room

Main article: Master control

The master control room houses equipment that is too noisy or runs too hot for the production control room. In professional audio, a mixing console, or audio mixer, also called a sound board or soundboard, is an electronic device for combining A character generator, often abbreviated as CG, is a device or software that produces static or animated text (such as crawls and rolls for keying The Technical Director ( TD) or Technical Producer ( TP) is usually the most senior technical person within a Software Company, Theatrical A waveform monitor is a special type of Oscilloscope used in Television applications A vectorscope is a special type of Oscilloscope used in both audio and video applications The camera control unit (CCU is installed in the Production control room (PCR and allows various aspects of the video camera on the Studio floor Master control is the technical hub of a broadcast operation common among most over-the-air Television stations and networks It is distinct from production Master control is the technical hub of a broadcast operation common among most over-the-air Television stations and networks It is distinct from production It also makes sure that wire lengths and installation requirements keep within manageable lengths, since most high-quality wiring runs only between devices in this room. This can include:

• The actual circuitry and connection boxes of the vision mixer, DVE and character generator devices
• camera control units
• VTRs
• patch panels for reconfiguration of the wiring between the various pieces of equipment. A vision mixer (also called video switcher video mixer or production switcher) is a device used to select between several different Video A character generator, often abbreviated as CG, is a device or software that produces static or animated text (such as crawls and rolls for keying The camera control unit (CCU is installed in the Production control room (PCR and allows various aspects of the video camera on the Studio floor VTR redirects here For other meanings see VTR (disambiguation. A patch panel or patch bay or jackfield is a panel typically Rackmounted that houses Cable connections

In a broadcast station in the US, master control room or "MCR" is the place where the on-air signal is controlled. Master control is the technical hub of a broadcast operation common among most over-the-air Television stations and networks It is distinct from production It may include controls to play back programs and commercials, switch local or network feeds, record satellite feeds and monitor the transmitter(s). The description of an MCR given above usually refers to an equipment rack room, which is usually separate from the MCR itself. The term "studio" usually refers to a place where a particular local program is originated. If the program is broadcast live, the signal goes from the production control room to MCR and then out to the transmitter.

Other facilities

A television studio usually has other rooms with no technical requirements beyond program and audio monitors. Among them are:

• one or more make-up and changing rooms
• a reception area for crew, talent, and visitors, commonly called the green room. A green room is a room in a Theater, Studio, or other public venue for the accommodation of performers or speakers when not required on

See also

• Broadcasting
• Broadcast engineering
• Outside broadcasting
• Television crew
• Master control
• Transmission Control Room
• Central Apparatus Room

External links

• NewscastStudio, the Internet's television news set design resource
• The Pinewood Studios Group, Teddington and Pinewood Television studios