A television network is a distribution network for television content whereby a central operation provides programming for many television stations. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U A television station is a type of broadcast station that broadcasts both audio and Video to Television receivers in a particular area Until the mid-1980s, television programming in most countries of the world was dominated by a small number of broadcast networks. A broadcast network is an Organization, such as a Corporation or other association, that provides live or Recorded content such as Many early television networks (e. g. the BBC, NBC or CBS) evolved from earlier radio networks. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network. A radio network is a network system which distributes programming to multiple stations simultaneously or slightly delayed for the purpose of extending total It may be confused with a television channel. The term television channel generally refers to either a Television station or its cable / satellite counterpart (both outlined below

A network may or may not produce its own prime time programmes. Prime Time is the major News analysis current affairs and Politics programme broadcast on Radio Telefís Éireann in Ireland If not, production houses such as Warner Brothers and Sony Pictures can distribute their content to the different networks and it is common that a certain production house may have programmes on two or more rival networks. Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc ( SPE) is the television and Film production/distribution unit of Japanese Media conglomerate Sony

Within the industry, a tiering is sometimes created among groups of networks based on whether their programming is simultaneously originated from a central point, and whether the network master control has the technical and administrative capability to take over the programming of their affiliates in real-time when it deems this necessary—the most common example being breaking national news events. Breaking news is a Current event that broadcasters feel warrants the interruption of scheduled programming in order to report its details

In countries where most networks broadcast identical, centrally originated content to all their stations and where most individual transmitters therefore operate only as large "repeater stations", the terms television network, television channel and television station have become interchangeable in everyday language, with only professionals in TV-related occupations continuing to make a difference between them.

However, in North America in particular, many television channels available via cable and satellite television are branded as "networks" but are not truly networks in the sense defined above, as they are singular operations – they have no affiliates or component stations. Satellite television is Television delivered by the means of Communications satellites as compared to conventional Terrestrial television and Cable Such channels are more precisely referred to by terms such as "specialty channels" (Canada) or "cable networks" (U. A specialty channel (or speciality channel) is a Television channel which consists of Programming focused on a single type or targeted at a specific This article is about the type of television channel For cable television infrastructure i S. ), although the latter term is somewhat of a misnomer (however, it may be judged otherwise because cable channels are networked across the country by various cable and satellite systems).

In the U. S. , television networks are simply identified as "networks" (such as ABC, CBS or NBC), while the local stations are identified by the station's call sign and city of license. The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's

In Europe and much of Asia, Africa and South America, television networks are often more or less numbered (for example, Britain's BBC One, BBC Two, ITV1, Channel 4 and Five etc, or the Netherlands' Nederland 1, Nederland 2, Nederland 3. This article deals with the ITV1 brand name as it is broadcast at present Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began Nederland 1 is the first and oldest of the three Television stations providing Public broadcasting in The Netherlands. Nederland 2 is a Dutch television channel one of three alongside Nederland 1 and Nederland 3. Nederland 3 ( English: Netherlands 3 is the third and youngest of the Terrestrial television channels operated by the Dutch public-broadcasting organization NPO

In Australia, television networks are identified by the channel number in the capital cities (such as Seven, Nine or Ten). The Seven Network is an Australian television network, owned by the Seven Media Group. The Nine Network, or Channel Nine, is an Australian television network based in Willoughby, a suburb on the North Shore of Sydney Network Ten, or Channel Ten, is one of Australia 's three major commercial television networks.

Similarly in the Philippines, VHF networks are sometimes informally referred to by the channel number they are seen on terrestrial TV in the Mega Manila area (e. Mega Manila is the term used for the regions of Central Luzon, CALABARZON, MIMAROPA and Metro Manila. g. Channel 2 or Dos for ABS-CBN) while some UHF networks have the channel numbers in their name (e. ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation ( (ABS-CBN " A lto B roadcasting S ystem- C hronicle B roadcasting N etwork" g. Studio 23 and Net 25 which are seen on channels 23 and 25 respectively). Studio 23 is a Filipino Television network owned by the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation. DZEC-TV is a UHF television station owned by Eagle Broadcasting Corporation. In addition, the two largest networks in the Philippines produce all their primetime programmes except for Asianovelas while other networks adopt block-time programming whose programming arrangements are similar to the relationship between a US network and station. Korean drama (한국드라마 refers to televised dramas similar to Western Miniseries, produced in the Korean language for Korean audiences

US History

NBC set up the first permanent coast-to-coast radio network in the United States by 1928, using dedicated telephone line technology. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's In Computer networks and telecommunications a dedicated line is a communications cable or other facility dedicated to a specific application in contrast with a shared resource But the signal from an electronic television system, containing much more information than a radio signal, required a broadband transmission medium. The term broadband can have different meanings in different contexts Transmission by a nationwide series of radio relay towers would be possible but extremely expensive.

Researchers at the AT&T subsidiary Bell Telephone Laboratories patented coaxial cable in 1929, primarily as a telephone improvement device. Before proposing a merge request please see Talk and see if the merger you propose has recently been made and Bell Laboratories (also known as Bell Labs and formerly known as AT&T Bell Laboratories and Bell Telephone Laboratories) is the Research organization Coaxial cable is a cable consisting of an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer typically made from a flexible material with a high Dielectric constant, all Its high capacity (transmitting 240 telephone calls simultaneously) also made it ideal for long-distance television transmission, where it could handle a frequency band of 1 megahertz. The hertz (symbol Hz) is a measure of Frequency, informally defined as the number of events occurring per Second. ^[1] German television first demonstrated such an application in 1936 by relaying televised telephone calls from Berlin to Leipzig, 180 km (112 miles) away, by cable. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong ^[2] The network was later extended to television viewing offices in Nuremberg and Munich. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany.

AT&T laid the first L-carrier coaxial cable between New York and Philadelphia, with automatic signal booster stations every 10 miles (16 km), and in 1937 they experimented with transmitting televised motion pictures over the line. SystemYearFrequencyCoax per cableDistance between repeatersVoice circuits per coaxL-119413 Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and Retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power or onto the other side of an obstruction ^[3] Bell Labs gave demonstrations of the New York-Philadelphia television link in 1940–1941. Bell Laboratories (also known as Bell Labs and formerly known as AT&T Bell Laboratories and Bell Telephone Laboratories) is the Research organization AT&T used the coaxial link to transmit the Republican national convention in June 1940 from Philadelphia to New York City, where it was televised to a few hundred receivers over the NBC station. ^[4]

NBC had earlier demonstrated an inter-city television broadcast on February 1, 1940, from its station in New York City to another in Schenectady, New York by General Electric relay antennas, and began transmitting some programs on an irregular basis to Philadelphia and Schenectady in 1941. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Schenectady (skəˈnɛktədi Θkahnéhtati in Tuscarora) is a City in Schenectady County, New York, United States Wartime priorities suspended the manufacture of television and radio equipment for civilian use from April 1, 1942 to October 1, 1945, temporarily shutting down expansion of television networking. However, in 1944 a short film, "Patrolling the Ether", was broadcast simultaneously over three stations as an experiment. Patrolling the Ether is a short film made in 1944 depicting Amateur radio operators aiding the Federal Communications Commission in monitoring the airwaves

AT&T made its first postwar addition in February 1946, with the completion of a 225-mile (362 km) cable between New York City and Washington, D.C., although a blurry demonstration broadcast showed that it would not be in regular use for several months. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The DuMont Television Network, which had begun experimental broadcasts before the war, launched what Newsweek called "the country's first permanent commercial television network" in 1946, connecting New York with Washington. The DuMont Television Network was the world's first commercial Television network, beginning operation in the United States in 1946 Newsweek is an American weekly Newsmagazine published in New York City. ^[5] Not to be outdone, NBC launched what it called "the world's first regularly operating television network" on June 27, 1947, serving New York, Philadelphia, Schenectady and Washington. ^[6] Baltimore and Boston were added to the NBC television network in late 1947. DuMont and NBC would be joined by CBS and ABC in 1948. The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. By 1951, the four networks stretched coast to coast, carried on the new microwave radio relay network of AT&T Long Lines. Microwave radio relay is a technology for transmitting digital and analog signals, such as long-distance Telephone calls and the relay of AT&T Communications Inc is a IXC / Long distance telephone company owned by AT&T.

FCC regulations in the United States restricted the number of television stations that could be owned by any one network, company or individual. This led to a system where most local television stations were independently owned, but received programming from the network through a franchising contract, except in a few big cities that had network owned-and-operated stations. Franchising refers to the methods of practicing and using another person's Philosophy of business. In the early days of television, when there were often only one or two stations broadcasting in an area, the stations were usually affiliated with several networks and were able to choose which programs to air. Eventually, as more stations were licensed, it became common for each station to be affiliated with only one network and carry all of the "prime time" network programs.

Another FCC regulation, the Prime Time Access Rule, restricted the number of hours of network programming that could be broadcast on the local affiliate stations. The Prime Time Access Rule (PTAR was instituted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC to restrict the amount of network programming that local Television stations This was done to encourage the development of locally produced programs and to give local residents access to broadcast time. More often, the result included a substantial amount of syndicated programming, usually consisting of old movies, independently produced and syndicated shows, and reruns of network programs. In Broadcasting, syndication is the sale of the right to broadcast Radio shows and Television shows to multiple individual stations without going through Occasionally, these shows were presented by a local host, especially in programs that showed cartoons and short comedies intended for children. See List of local children's television series (United States). The following is a list of local children's television shows.

References

See also

• List of television networks by country
• Television system

Broadcast Television networks Note: This list should include television networks. A television system is a Canadian term for a group of Television stations which share common ownership branding and programming but are not legally considered a

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