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"TV" redirects here. For other uses, see TV (disambiguation).
For the band, see Television (band). Television, formed in New York City in 1973 is an American Rock music band
Braun HF 1, Germany, 1959
Braun HF 1, Germany, 1959
A Philips LCD TV (2006)
A Philips LCD TV (2006)

Television is a widely used telecommunication medium for broadcasting and receiving live, moving greyscale or color images with sound. ( German pronunciation "brown" commonly pronounced "brawn" in English GmbH is a German consumer products company in Kronberg im Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. For the band see Broadcast (band Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or Video signals which transmit The term may also be used to refer specifically to a television set, programming or television transmission. A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U In Telecommunications transmission is the process of sending propagating and receiving an analogue or digital information signal over a physical point-to-point or The word is derived from mixed Latin and Greek roots, meaning "far sight": Greek tele (τῆλε), far, and Latin vision, sight (from video, vis- to see, or to view in the first person). Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly

Commercially available since the late 1930s, the television set has become a common household communications device in homes and institutions, particularly as a source of entertainment and news. The Television Technology can be divided along two lines those developments that depended upon both mechanical and electronic Principles and Since the 1970s, video recordings on tape and later, digital playback systems such as DVDs, have enabled the television to be used to view recorded movies and other programs. Video is the technology of electronically capturing, Recording, processing storing transmitting and reconstructing a sequence of Still images VTR redirects here For other meanings see VTR (disambiguation. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is

A television system may be made up of multiple components, so a screen which lacks an internal tuner to receive the broadcast signals is called a monitor rather than a television. A tuner is a circuit module or free-standing equipment which detects Radio-frequency (RF signals usually of low Amplitude and amplifies them A television may be built to receive different broadcast or video formats, such as high-definition television, commonly referred to as HDTV. High-definition television (HDTV is a Digital television Broadcasting system with higher resolution than traditional television systems (standard-definition High-definition television (HDTV is a Digital television Broadcasting system with higher resolution than traditional television systems (standard-definition

Contents

History

Main article: History of television

The origins of what would become today's television system can be traced back to the discovery of the photoconductivity of the element selenium by Willoughby Smith in 1873, the invention of a scanning disk by Paul Gottlieb Nipkow in 1884, and Philo Farnsworth's Image dissector in 1927. The Television Technology can be divided along two lines those developments that depended upon both mechanical and electronic Principles and Photoconductivity is an optical and electrical phenomenon in which a material becomes more conductive due to the absorption of electro-magnetic radiation Selenium (səˈliniəm is a Chemical element with the Atomic number 34 represented by the chemical symbol Se, an atomic mass of 78 Willoughby Smith ( April 6, 1828, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk — July 17, 1891, Eastbourne, Sussex) was A Nipkow disk (sometimes Anglicized as Nipkov disk also known as scanning disk, is a mechanical geometrically operating Image scanning device invented by Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow ( 22 August 1860 &ndash 24 August 1940) was a German Technician and Inventor. Philo Taylor Farnsworth ( August 19, 1906 – March 11, 1971) was an American inventor The image dissector was an early all-electronic television camera tube invented by Philo Farnsworth.

On March 25, 1925, Scottish inventor John Logie Baird gave a demonstration of televised silhouette images in motion at Selfridge's Department Store in London. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. John Logie Baird (August 13 1888 – June 14 1946 was a Scottish engineer and inventor of the world's first working television system Selfridges is a chain of Department stores in the United Kingdom. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. In 1927, Baird transmitted a signal over 438 miles (705 km) of telephone line between London and Glasgow. Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom In 1928, Baird's company (Baird Television Development Company / Cinema Television) broadcast the first transatlantic television signal, between London and New York, and the first shore-to-ship transmission. He also demonstrated an electromechanical color, infrared (dubbed "Noctovision"), and stereoscopic television, using additional lenses, disks and filters. Infrared ( IR) radiation is Electromagnetic radiation whose Wavelength is longer than that of Visible light, but shorter than that of Stereoscopy, stereoscopic imaging or 3-D (three-dimensional imaging is any technique capable of recording three-dimensional visual In parallel, Baird developed a video disk recording system dubbed "Phonovision"; a number of the Phonovision recordings, dating back to 1927, still exist. Phonovision, an experimental process for recording a television signal on phonograph records was developed in the late 1920s in London by Scottish television pioneer John Logie Baird [1] In 1929, he became involved in the first experimental electromechanical television service in Germany. In November 1929, Baird and Bernard Natan of Pathe established France's first television company, Télévision-Baird-Natan. Bernard Natan (1886–1942 (born Natan Tannenzaft) was a bisexual Franco - Romanian Film director and Actor of the 1920s This article deals with the Pathé movie company For their music business see Pathé Records. John Logie Baird (August 13 1888 – June 14 1946 was a Scottish engineer and inventor of the world's first working television system In 1931, he made the first live transmission, of the Epsom Derby. The Derby Stakes, known colloquially as The Derby or internationally as the Epsom Derby, is considered one of the most prestigious flat Thoroughbred horse races In 1932, he demonstrated ultra-short wave television. Baird's electromechanical system reached a peak of 240 lines of resolution on BBC television broadcasts in 1936, before being discontinued in favor of a 405-line all-electronic system developed by Marconi-EMI. The EMI Group is a British music company comprising the major record company EMI Music – which operates several labels and is based in Kensington in

However, Herbert E. Ives of Bell Labs gave the most dramatic demonstration of television yet on April 7, 1927, when he field tested reflected-light television systems using small-scale (2 by 2. Herbert Eugene Ives ( July 21, 1882, Philadelphia Pennsylvania – November 13, 1953) was a scientist and engineer who headed the Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 5 inches) and large-scale (24 by 30 inches) viewing screens over a wire link from Washington to New York City, and over-the-air broadcast from Whippany, New Jersey. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The City of New York New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The subjects, who included Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover, were illuminated by a flying-spot scanner beam that was scanned by a 50-aperture disk at 16 pictures per minute. The United States Secretary of Commerce is the head of the United States Department of Commerce concerned with business and industry the Department states its mission to Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10 1874 &ndash October 20 1964 was the thirty-first President of the United States (1929–1933 A flying-spot scanner (FSS uses a scanning source of a spot of light such as a high-resolution high-light-output low-persistence Cathode Ray Tube (CRT to scan an image

Geographical usage

Television introduction by country.      1930 to 1939      1940 to 1949      1950 to 1959      1960 to 1969      1970 to 1979      1980 to 1989      1990 to 1999      No data
Television introduction by country.      1930 to 1939      1940 to 1949      1950 to 1959      1960 to 1969      1970 to 1979      1980 to 1989      1990 to 1999      No data
Main article: Geographical usage of television

Content

Programming

See also: Category:Television genres

Getting TV programming shown to the public can happen in many different ways. This is a list of when the first publicly announced Television Broadcasts occurred in the mentioned countries The geographical usage of television varies around the world with a number of different transmission standards in use and differing approaches by government in relation to ownership and After production the next step is to market and deliver the product to whatever markets are open to using it. This typically happens on two levels:

  1. Original Run or First Run – a producer creates a program of one or multiple episodes and shows it on a station or network which has either paid for the production itself or to which a license has been granted by the producers to do the same.
  2. Syndication – this is the terminology rather broadly used to describe secondary programming usages (beyond original run). In Broadcasting, syndication is the sale of the right to broadcast Radio shows and Television shows to multiple individual stations without going through It includes secondary runs in the country of first issue, but also international usage which may or may not be managed by the originating producer. In many cases other companies, TV stations or individuals are engaged to do the syndication work, in other words to sell the product into the markets they are allowed to sell into by contract from the copyright holders, in most cases the producers. The term television channel generally refers to either a Television station or its cable / satellite counterpart (both outlined below

First run programming is increasing on subscription services outside the U. S. , but few domestically produced programs are syndicated on domestic FTA elsewhere. Free-to-air (FTA Television (TV and Radio broadcasts are sent unencrypted and may be received via any suitable receiver Free-to-view This practice is increasing however, generally on digital-only FTA channels, or with subscriber-only first run material appearing on FTA.

Unlike the U. S. , repeat FTA screenings of a FTA network program almost only occur on that network. Also, Affiliates rarely buy or produce non-network programming that is not centred around local events.

Funding

Television sets per 1000 people of the world.
Television sets per 1000 people of the world.

Around the globe, broadcast television is financed by either advertising, tv licencing (a form of tax) or by subscription or any combination of all three. To protect revenues, subscription TV channels are usually encrypted to ensure that only subscription payers receive the decryption codes to see the signal. Non-encrypted channels are known as Free to Air or FTA.

Advertising

Advertising attempts to influence people's behaviour and beliefs and television is therefore a powerful and attractive medium for advertisers to use. TV stations sell air time to advertisers in order to fund their programming.

Since inception in the U. S. in 1940, TV commercials have become one of the most effective, persuasive, and popular method of selling products of many sorts, especially consumer goods. A television advertisement or television commercial (often just commercial or advert (US or ad (UK is a span of television programming produced U. S. advertising rates are determined primarily by Nielsen Ratings. Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand Nielsen Ratings are audience measurement systems developed by Nielsen Media Research to determine the Audience size and composition of television The time of the day and popularity of the channel determine how much a television commercial can cost. For example, the highly popular American Idol can cost approximately $750,000 for a thirty second block of commercial time; while the same amount of time for the World Cup and the Super Bowl can cost several million dollars. American Idol, with the full title American Idol The Search for a Superstar for the first season only is an American reality-competition Sporting competitions named World Cup include FIFA World Cup (men's football(soccer FIFA Women's World Cup (women's football(soccer professional American football, the Super Bowl is the Championship game of the National Football League (NFL

In recent years, the paid program or infomercial has become common, usually in lengths of 30 minutes or one hour. Infomercials (or informercials are Television commercials that run for one minute or for as long as a typical Television program Some drug companies and other businesses have even created "news" items for broadcast, known in the industry as video news releases, paying program directors to use them. A video news release ( VNR) is a Video segment created by a PR firm advertising agency marketing firm Corporation, or Government In service industries such as Education, a program director researches plans develops and implements one or more of the firm's professional services [2]

Some TV programs also weave advertisements into their shows, a practice begun in film and known as product placement. Product placement, or embedded marketing, is a type of Advertising, in which promotional Advertisements placed by marketers using For example, a character could be drinking a certain kind of soda, going to a particular chain restaurant, or driving a certain make of car. (This is sometimes very subtle, where shows have vehicles provided by manufacturers for low cost, rather than wrangling them. ) Sometimes a specific brand or trade mark, or music from a certain artist or group, is used. (This excludes guest appearances by artists, who perform on the show. )

The TV regulator oversees TV advertising in the United Kingdom. Its restrictions have applied since the early days of commercially funded TV. Despite this, an early TV mogul, Lew Grade, likened the broadcasting licence as a being a "licence to print money". Lew Grade Baron Grade (25 December 1906&ndash13 December 1998 born Lev Winogradsky, was an influential Showbusiness Impresario and Television Restrictions mean that the big three national commercial TV channels, ITV, Channel 4, and Five can show an average of only seven minutes of advertising per hour (eight minutes in the peak period). Other broadcasters must average no more than nine minutes (twelve in the peak). This means that many imported TV shows from the US have un-natural breaks where the UK company has edited out the breaks intended for US advertising. Advertisements must not be inserted in the course of any broadcast of a news or current affairs program of less than half an hour scheduled duration, or in a documentary of less than half an hour scheduled duration, or in a program for children of less than half an hour scheduled duration. Nor may advertisements be carried in a program designed and broadcast for reception in schools or in any religious service or other devotional program, or during a formal Royal ceremony or occasion. There also must be clear demarcations in time between the programs and the advertisements.

The BBC, being strictly non-commercial is not allowed to show advertisements on television. The majority of its budget comes from TV licencing (see below) and the sale of content to other broadcasters. BBC content delivered outside of the UK such may contain advertising because those ouside the UK do not pay the licence fee.

Taxation or TV License

Television services in some countries may be funded by a television licence, a form of taxation which means advertising plays a lesser role or no role at all. Television licences around the world The Museum of Broadcast Communications in Chicago notes that two-thirds of the countries in Europe and half For example, some channels may carry no advertising at all and some very little.

The BBC carries no advertising and is funded by an annual licence paid by all households owning a television. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly abbreviated to the 'ABC' is Australia's national public broadcaster. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Sveriges Television AB ( SVT,) is a national Television broadcaster based in Sweden, funded by an obligatory fee payable by all Television -owners This licence fee is set by government, but the BBC is not answerable to or controlled by government and is therefore genuinely independent. The fee also funds radio channels, transmitters and the BBC web sites.

The two main BBC TV channels are watched by almost 90 percent of the population each week and overall have 27 per cent share of total viewing. [3] This in spite of the fact that 85% of homes are multichannel, with 42% of these having access to 200 free to air channels via satellite and another 43% having access to 30 or more channels via Freeview[4]. Freeview is an operator of free Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom, using the DVB-T standard The licence that funds the seven advertising-free BBC TV channels costs less than £136 a year (about US$270) irrespective of the number of TV sets owned. When the same sporting event has been presented on both BBC and commercial channels, the BBC always attracts the lion's share of the audience, indicating viewers prefer to watch TV uninterrupted by advertising.

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) carries no advertising (except for the ABC shop) as it is banned under lawABC Act 1983. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly abbreviated to the 'ABC' is Australia's national public broadcaster. The ABC receives its funding from the Australian Government every three years. In the 2006/07 Federal Budget the ABC received Au$822. 67 Million [1] this covers most of the ABC funding commitments. The ABC also receives funds from its many ABC Shops in Australia.

Subscription

Some TV channels are partly funded from subscriptions and therefore the signals are encrypted before broadcast to ensure that only paying subscribers have access to the decryption codes. Most subscription services are also funded by advertising.

Television genres

Television genres include a broad range of programming types that entertain, inform, and educate viewers. A genre (ˈʒɑːnrə also /ˈdʒɑːnrə/ from French "kind" or "sort" from Latin: genus (stem gener-) is a loose set The most expensive entertainment genres to produce are usually drama and dramatic miniseries. However, other genres, such as historical Western genres, may also have high production costs.

Popular entertainment genres include action-oriented shows such as police, crime, detective dramas, horror or thriller shows. As well, there are also other variants of the drama genre, such as medical dramas and daytime soap operas. Science fiction shows can fall into either the drama or action category, depending on whether they emphasize philosophical questions or high adventure. Comedy is a popular genre which includes situation comedy (sitcom) and animated shows for the adult demographic such as South Park". South Park is an animated American television comedy series created and written by Trey Parker and Matt Stone for Comedy Central

The least expensive forms of entertainment programming are game shows, talk shows, variety shows, and reality TV. Game shows show contestants answering questions and solving puzzles to win prizes. Talk shows feature interviews with film, television and music celebrities and public figures. Variety shows feature a range of musical performers and other entertainers such as comedians and magicians introduced by a host or Master of Ceremonies. There is some crossover between some talk shows and variety shows, because leading talk shows often feature performances by bands, singers, comedians, and other performers in between the interview segments. Reality TV shows "regular" people (i. e. , not actors) who are facing unusual challenges or experiences, ranging from arrest by police officers (COPS) to weight loss (The Biggest Loser). An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works The Biggest Loser is an American Reality television show that began broadcasting on the NBC network on October 19, 2004 A variant version of reality shows depicts celebrities doing mundane activities such as going about their everyday life (The Osbournes) or doing manual labour (Simple Life). The Osbournes was an Emmy Award -winning American Reality television program broadcast by MTV in the U The Simple Life was a Television series broadcast from December 2, 2003 to August 5, 2007.

Social aspects

Main article: Social aspects of television

Television has played a pivotal role in the socialization of the 20th and 21st centuries. The social aspects of television are the influences this medium has had on society since its inception There are many social aspects of television that can be addressed, including:

Environmental aspects

With high lead content in CRTs, and the rapid diffusion of new, flat-panel display technologies, some of which (LCDs) use lamps containing mercury, there is growing concern about electronic waste from discarded televisions. The social aspects of television are the influences this medium has had on society since its inception The social aspects of television are the influences this medium has had on society since its inception The social aspects of television are the influences this medium has had on society since its inception The social aspects of television are the influences this medium has had on society since its inception The social aspects of television are the influences this medium has had on society since its inception The social aspects of television are the influences this medium has had on society since its inception The social aspects of television are the influences this medium has had on society since its inception The social aspects of television are the influences this medium has had on society since its inception The social aspects of television are the influences this medium has had on society since its inception The social aspects of television are the influences this medium has had on society since its inception The social aspects of television are the influences this medium has had on society since its inception Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly The cathode ray tube (CRT is a Vacuum tube containing an Electron gun (a source of electrons and a Fluorescent screen with internal or Mercury (ˈmɜrkjʊri also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum, is a Chemical element with the symbol Hg ( Latinized hydrargyrum Electronic waste, " e-waste " or " Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment " (" WEEE " is a Waste type consisting Related occupational health concerns exist, as well, for disassemblers removing copper wiring and other materials from CRTs. Occupational safety and health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the Safety, Health and welfare of people engaged in Further environmental concerns related to television design and use relate to the devices' increasing electrical energy requirements. Electric energy is the potential energy associated with the conservative Coulomb forces between Charged particles contained within a system, where [5]

In numismatics

The 50 years of Television commemorative coin
The 50 years of Television commemorative coin

Television has had such an impact in today's life, that it has been the main motif for numerous collectors' coins and medals. Euro gold and silver commemorative coins are special Euro coins minted and issued by member states of the Eurozone. One of the most recent ones is the Austrian 50 years of Television commemorative coin minted in March 9, 2005. Euro gold and silver commemorative coins are special Euro coins minted and issued by member states of the Eurozone. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The obverse of the coin shows a "test pattern", while the reverse shows several milestones in the history of television.

References

  1. ^ Restoring Baird's TV Recordings
  2. ^ Jon Stewart of "The Daily Show" was mock-outraged at this, saying, "That's what we do!", and calling it a new form of television, "infoganda". Jon Stewart (born Jonathan Stuart Leibowitz; November 28 1962 is an American Comedian, Satirist, Actor, Writer, and The Daily Show (known in its current incarnation as The Daily Show
  3. ^ http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=multichannel&requesttimeout=500&flag=viewingsummary viewing statistics in UK
  4. ^ http://www.ofcom.org.uk/research/tv/reports/dtv/dtv_2007_q3/dtvq307.pdf OFCOM quarterly survey
  5. ^ The Rise of the Machines: A Review of Energy Using Products in the Home from the 1970s to Today (PDF). Energy Saving Trust (July 3, 2006). Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-08-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne

See also

Further reading

External links

The Museum of Broadcast Communications (or MBC) is located in Chicago Illinois. The Canada Science and Technology Museum ( Musée des sciences et de la technologie du Canada) is located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada on St

Dictionary

television

-noun

  1. (uncountable) An electronic communication medium that allows the transmission of real-time visual images, and often sound.
  2. (countable) A device for receiving television signals and displaying them in visual form.
  3. (uncountable) Collectively, the programs broadcast via the medium of television.
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