| Tel Aviv | ||
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| Hebrew | תֵּל־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ | |
| Name meaning | Spring Hill | |
| Founded in | 1909 | |
| Government | City | |
| District | Tel Aviv | |
| Population | 384,400[1] Metropolitan Area: 3,150,800 (2006) |
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| Jurisdiction | 51,788 dunams (51. The following list of Israeli cities is based on the current index of the There are six main administrative districts of Israel, known in Hebrew as mehozot (מחוזות singular mahoz) and fifteen The Tel Aviv District is one of six administrative districts of Israel with a population of 1 A dunam or dönüm, dunum, donum is a unit of Area used in the Ottoman Empire and still used in various standardized versions 8 km²) | |
| Mayor | Ron Huldai | |
| Website | www.tel-aviv.gov.il | |
Tel Aviv-Yafo (Hebrew: תֵּל־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ)[2] (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel, with a population of 384,400. Ron Huldai (רון חולדאי b 26 August 1944 is an Israeli Politician and former fighter pilot and the mayor of Tel Aviv. The Tel Aviv District is one of six administrative districts of Israel with a population of 1 This is a list of the largest and second largest cities by population in each Country. The following list of Israeli cities is based on the current index of the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. [1] Tel Aviv is situated on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline, covering 51. The Israeli Coastal Plain (מישור החוף Mishor HaHof) is the narrow Coastal plain along Israel's Mediterranean Sea coast which houses 70% of 8 square kilometres (20. 0 sq mi). It is the largest and most populous city in Israel's largest metropolitan area known as Gush Dan, home to 3. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Gush Dan (גּוּשׁ דָּן is a Metropolitan area including areas from both the Tel Aviv and the Central Districts of Israel. 15 million people as of 2007. [3] The city is governed by the Tel Aviv-Yafo municipality, headed by Ron Huldai. Ron Huldai (רון חולדאי b 26 August 1944 is an Israeli Politician and former fighter pilot and the mayor of Tel Aviv. [4]
Tel Aviv was founded in 1909 on the outskirts of the ancient port city of Jaffa (Hebrew: יָפוֹ, Yafo). Jaffa يَافَا;(יָפוֹ Yafo; also Japho, Joppa) is an ancient Port city believed to be one of the oldest in the world The growth of Tel Aviv soon outpaced Jaffa, which was largely Arab at the time. Tel Aviv and Jaffa were merged into a single municipality in 1950, two years after the establishment of the State of Israel. The Israeli Declaration of Independence (הכרזת העצמאות Hakhrazat HaAtzma'ut or מגילת העצמאות Megilat HaAtzma'ut) made on 14 May Tel Aviv's White City, designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003, comprises the world's largest concentration of Modernist-style buildings. The White City ( Hebrew: העיר הלבנה ha-Ir ha-Levana) refers to a collection of 4000 Bauhaus or International style buildings built United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex This article is concerned with architectural aspects of Modernism; for the most recent developments in architecture see Contemporary architecture. [5][6][7]
Tel Aviv is Israel's economic hub, home of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and many corporate offices and research and development centers. Tase redirects here It can also mean "to use a Taser on someone" [8] Its beaches, cafes, upscale shopping and secular lifestyle have made it a popular tourist destination. A tourist destination is a city town or other area that is dependent to a significant extent on the revenues accruing from Tourism. [9] It is the country's cultural capital and a major performing arts center. The performing arts are those forms of Art which differ from the Plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own Body, Face and presence [10] In the 2007 Mercer cost of living survey, Tel Aviv was ranked as the most expensive city in the Middle East and the 17th most expensive in the world. [11]
Due to disputes over the status of Jerusalem, Tel Aviv is where countries that have diplomatic relations with Israel locate their embassies. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the [12]
Contents |
Etymology
The name Tel Aviv (literally "Hill of Spring") was chosen in 1910 from many suggestions, among them "Herzliya". Tel Aviv is the Hebrew title of Theodor Herzl's book Altneuland ("Old New Land"), translated from German by Nahum Sokolow. Theodor Herzl (בנימין זאב הרצל ( Binyamin Ze'ev Herzl) (May 2 1860&ndashJuly 3 1904 was an Austrian Jewish journalist who founded modern The Old New Land (or Altneuland in the original German) is a Utopian novel published by Theodor Herzl, the founder of political Zionism The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Nahum Sokolow (1859-1936 was a Zionist leader author translator and a pioneer of Hebrew Journalism. Sokolow took the name from the Book of Ezekiel: "Then I came to them of the captivity at Tel Aviv, that lived by the river Chebar, and to where they lived; and I sat there overwhelmed among them seven days. The Book of Ezekiel is a book of the Hebrew Bible (of the Books of the Bible) named after the prophet Ezekiel. The Khabur River (also Habur Habor Kebar Chebar Chaboras; Aramaic: ܚܒܘܪ, Kurdish: Çemê Xabûr, Turkish: Habur "[13] This name was found fitting as it embraced the idea of the renaissance of the ancient Jewish homeland. Aviv is Hebrew for "spring", symbolizing renewal, and tel is an archaeological site that reveals layers of civilization built one over the other. [14] Theories vary about the etymology of Jaffa or Yafo in Hebrew. Some believe that the name derives from yafah or yofi, Hebrew for "beautiful" or "beauty". Another tradition is that Japheth, son of Noah, founded the city and that it was named for him. Japheth (ˈdʒeɪfɪθ Hebrew. יפת Greek Ιάφεθ, Iapheth, Latin Iafeth or Iapetus Arabic يافث Noah (or Noe, Noach;; Nūḥ; Arabic: نوح; "Rest") was according to the Bible, the tenth and last of
History
Jaffa
- Further information: Jaffa
Jaffa is an ancient port and has changed hands many times in the course of history. A series of archeological excavations, between 1955 and 1974, revealed traces of towers and gates from the Middle Bronze Age. The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for [15] Subsequent excavations, from 1997 onwards, helped date earlier discoveries. [15] They also exposed sections of a packed-sandstone glacis and a "massive brick wall", dating from the Late Bronze Age as well as a temple "attributed to the Sea Peoples" and dwellings from the Iron Age. A glacis ( or) in Military Engineering is an artificial slope of earth used in late European fortresses so constructed as to keep any potential assailant The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for The Sea Peoples is the term used for a confederacy of seafaring raiders of the second millennium BC who sailed into the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, caused political This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man. [15] Remnants of buildings from the Persian, Hellenistic and Pharaonic periods were also discovered. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. Ancient Egypt was an Ancient Civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now [15]
The city is first mentioned in letters from 1470 BCE that record its conquest by Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose III. Pharaoh is the title given in modern parlance to the ancient Egyptian kings of all periods Thutmose III (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis III and meaning Thoth is Born) was the sixth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth [7] Jaffa is mentioned several times in the Bible, as the port from which Jonah set sail for Tarshish;[16] as bordering on the territory of the Tribe of Dan;[17] and as the port at which the wood for Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem arrived from Lebanon. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin According to the Hebrew Bible ( Tanakh / Old Testament) and Qur'an, Jonah (; Arabic: يونس, Yunus or Tarshish occurs in the Hebrew Bible with these meanings One of the sons of Javan (Genesis 104 Tribe of Dan was also a band from the mid 1990s The Tribe of Dan ( was one of the Tribes of Israel. Solomon's Temple (בית המקדש transliterated Beit HaMikdash) also known as the First Temple, was according to [18]
In 1099, the Christian armies of the First Crusade, led by Godfrey of Bouillon occupied Jaffa, which had been abandoned by the Muslims, fortified the town and improved its harbor. The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the dual goals of conquering the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land and freeing Godfrey of Bouillon (c 1060 Boulogne-sur-Mer &ndash 18 July 1100, Jerusalem) was a medieval knight who was a leader of the First [19] As the County of Jaffa, the town soon become important as the main sea supply route for the Kingdom of Jerusalem. A count is a Nobleman in European countries The word count comes from French comte, itself from Latin This article is about the Christian kingdom For the history of the city see History of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian [20] Jaffa was captured by Saladin in 1192 but swiftly re-taken by Richard Coeur de Lion, who added to its defenses. Salahadin Ayyubi ( Arabic:صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب Kurdish: سهلاحهدین ئهیوبی Selah'edînê Eyubî; c Richard I (8 September 1157 &ndash 6 April 1199 was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death [21] In 1223, Emperor Frederick II added further fortications. Frederick II ( December 26, 1194 &ndash December 13, 1250) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was a Pretender to the title [21] Crusader domination ended in 1268, when the Mamluk Sultan Baibars captured the town, destroyed its harbor and razed its fortifications. Baibars, or al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari ( Arabic ar الملك الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس البندقداري [21][22] To prevent further Crusader incursions, the city was ransacked in 1336, 1344 and 1346 by Nasir al-Din Muhammad. Nasir al-Din Muhammad (d c 1318) was the Mihrabanid Malik of Sistan from 1261 until his death [23] In the 16th century, Jaffa was conquered by the Ottomans and was administered as a village in the sanjak of Gaza. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Sanjak and Sandjak (other variants sinjaq sanjaq) are the most common English transcriptions of the Turkish word sancak [22] According to some sources it has been a port for at least 4,000 years,[24] Napoleon besieged the city in 1799 and killed scores of inhabitants; a plague epidemic followed, decimating the remaining population. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. [22]
Jaffa began to grow as an urban center in the early 18th century, when the Ottoman government in Constantinople intervened to guard the port and reduce attacks by Bedouins and pirates. [22] However, the real expansion came during the 19th century, when the population grew from 2,500 in 1806 to 17,000 in 1886. [7]
From 1800 to 1870, Jaffa was surrounded by walls and towers, which were torn down to allow for expansion as security improved. [25] The sea wall, 2. 5 metres (8. 2 ft) high, remained intact until the 1930s, when it was built over during a renovation of the port by the British Mandatory authorities. [25] During the mid-19th century, the city grew prosperous from trade, especially of silk and Jaffa oranges, with Europe. The Jaffa orange, also known as the Shamouti orange, is a very sweet almost seedless orange exported from Israel. [7] In the 1860s Jaffa's small Sephardic community was joined by Jews from Morocco and small numbers of European Ashkenazi Jews, making by 1882 a total Jewish population of more than 1,500. Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing [7]
During the 1880s, Ashkenazi immigration to Jaffa increased with the onset of the First Aliyah. The First Aliyah (also The Farmers' Aliyah) was the first modern widespread wave of Zionist Aliyah. The new arrivals were motivated more by Zionism than religion and came to farm the land and engage in productive labor. History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the [7] In keeping with their pioneer ideology, some chose to settle in the sand dunes north of Jaffa. [7] The beginning of modern-day Tel Aviv is marked by the construction of Neve Tzedek, a neighborhood built by Ashkenazi settlers between 1887 and 1896. Neve Tzedek (נְוֵה צֶדֶק lit Abode of Justice is a Neighbourhood in south-western Tel Aviv, Israel. [5]
Urban development
The Second Aliyah led to further expansion. The Second Aliyah was arguably the most important and influential Aliyah. [7] In 1906, a group of Jews, among them residents of Jaffa, banded together to build a new garden suburb on the outskirts of Jaffa. [26] The goal of the Ahuzat Bayit (lit. Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel "homestead") society was to build a "Hebrew urban centre in a healthy environment, planned according to the rules of aesthetics and modern hygiene". [7] In 1908, the group purchased 5 hectares (12 acres) of dunes northeast of Jaffa which were divided into 60 plots. Meir Dizengoff, who later became Tel Aviv's first mayor, was a member of Ahuzat Bayit. Meir Dizengoff ( Hebrew: מאיר דיזנגוף Russian: Меер Янкелевич Дизенгоф 1861-1936 was a Zionist politician and the first [27][28] His vision for Tel Aviv involved peaceful co-existence with the Arabs. [7]
Another housing society, Nahalat Binyamin, began to build on April 11, 1909, after holding a lottery to divide up the land. Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting [29] Within a year, Herzl, Ahad Ha‘am, Judah Halevi, Lilienblum, and Rothschild streets were built; a water system was installed; and 66 houses (including some on six subdivided plots) were completed. Theodor Herzl (בנימין זאב הרצל ( Binyamin Ze'ev Herzl) (May 2 1860&ndashJuly 3 1904 was an Austrian Jewish journalist who founded modern Yehuda Halevi, in full Yehuda ben Shemuel Ha-Levi, also Judah Halevi, or Judah ben Samuel Halevi ( Hebrew: יהודה הלוי) (c Moshe Leib Lilienblum (משה לייב לילינבלום was a Russian scholar and author born at Keidany, Kovno, October 22, 1843 Rothschild Boulevard is a Boulevard in central Tel Aviv, Israel, which was built in 1910 [29] At the end of Herzl Street, a plot was allocated for a new building for the Herzliya Hebrew High School, founded in Jaffa in 1906. Herzliya Hebrew High School (הגימנסיה העברית הרצליה HaGimnasia HaIvrit Hertzelia) originally known as The Hebrew High School (הגימנסיה [29] On May 21, 1910, the name Tel Aviv was adopted. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting [29] Tel Aviv was planned as a European-style garden suburb of Jaffa, with wide streets and boulevards. The garden city movement is an approach to Urban planning that was founded in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom [30]
By 1914, Tel Aviv had grown to include more than 100 hectares (247 acres), including several new neighborhoods. [29] However, growth halted in 1917 when the Ottoman authorities expelled the Jews of Jaffa. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish [29] A report published in The New York Times by United States Consul Garrels in Alexandria, Egypt described the Jaffa deportation of early April 1917. The orders of evacuation were aimed chiefly at the Jewish population. [31]
Under the British Mandate
Under British administration, the political friction between Jews and Arabs in Palestine increased. Rothschild Boulevard is a Boulevard in central Tel Aviv, Israel, which was built in 1910 Nahum Gutman (1898&ndash November 28, 1980) was a Russian-born Israeli painter, sculptor and Author. Hayyim Nahman Bialik ( Hebrew: חיים נחמן ביאליק) ( January 9, 1873&ndash July 4, 1934) also Chaim or Rabin Square (כיכר רבין Kikar Rabin is a large public city square in central Tel Aviv. The Palestine Mandate, was a set of protocols or articles that formed a multilateral legal and administrative agreement Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. On May 1, 1921, the Jaffa Riots erupted and an Arab mob killed dozens of Jewish residents. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar The Jaffa riots refers to the riots and killings that took place in the British Mandate of Palestine between 1 and 7 May 1921 In the wake of this violence, many Jews left Jaffa for Tel Aviv, increasing the population of Tel Aviv from 2,000 in 1920 to 34,000 by 1925. [5][1] New businesses opened in Tel Aviv, leading to the decline of Jaffa as a commercial center. [29] In 1925, Patrick Geddes drew up a master plan for Tel Aviv that was adopted by the city council led by Meir Dizengoff. Sir Patrick Geddes (1854 - 1932 was a Scottish Biologist and Botanist, known also as an innovative thinker in the fields of Urban planning Meir Dizengoff ( Hebrew: מאיר דיזנגוף Russian: Меер Янкелевич Дизенгоф 1861-1936 was a Zionist politician and the first [7] The core idea was the development of a Garden City. The boundaries he worked within, the Yarkon River in the North and Ibn Gvirol Street in the East, are still regarded as Tel Aviv's real city limits although it has since grown beyond them. [32]
Tel Aviv continued to grow in 1926 but suffered an economic setback between 1927 and 1930. [29][7] At the same time, cultural life was given a boost by the establishment of the Ohel Theater and the decision of Habima Theatre to make Tel Aviv its permanent base in 1931. Habima National Theatre (הבימה - התיאטרון הלאומי lit [29] Tel Aviv gained municipal status in 1934. [29]
The population rose dramatically during the Fifth Aliyah when the Nazis came to power in Germany. The Fifth Aliyah refers to the fifth wave of the Jewish immigration to Israel from Europe and Asia between the years 1929 and 1939 [29] As the Jews fled Europe, many settled in Tel Aviv, bringing the population in 1937 to 150,000, compared to Jaffa's 69,000 residents. Within two years, it had reached 160,000, which was over a third of the country's total Jewish population. [29] Many new immigrants remained after disembarking in Jaffa, turning the city into a center of urban life. In the wake of the 1936–39 Arab rioting, a local port independent of Jaffa was built in 1938, and Lod Airport (later Ben Gurion Airport) and Sde Dov Airport opened between 1937 and 1938. The 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine was an uprising during the British mandate by Arabs in Palestine which lasted from 1936 to 1939 Ben Gurion International Airport (נמל התעופה בן גוריון Namal HaTe'ūfa Ben Gūryōn,, also referred to by its Hebrew acronym Natbag (נתב"ג Sde Dov Airport (שדה דב lit Dov Field also known as Dov Hoz Airport (נמל התעופה דב הוז Namal HaTe'ufa Dov Hoz) is an airport [7]
Tel Aviv's White City, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, emerged in the 1930s. The White City ( Hebrew: העיר הלבנה ha-Ir ha-Levana) refers to a collection of 4000 Bauhaus or International style buildings built A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Many of the German Jewish architects trained at the Bauhaus, the Modernist school of architecture closed by the Nazis in 1933, fled Germany. ("House of Building" or "Building School" is the common term for the, a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts and was famous Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Some came to Palestine and adapted the architectural outlook of the Bauhaus as well as other similar schools, to local conditions, creating what is claimed to be the largest concentration of buildings in the International Style in the world. [7][5]
According to the 1947 UN Partition Plan that proposed dividing Palestine into Jewish and Arab states, Tel Aviv, by then a city of 230,000, was slated for inclusion in the Jewish state. The United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine or United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181 was a plan approved by the General Assembly on November 29 Jaffa with, as of 1945, a population of 101,580 people, 53,930 of whom were Muslim and 16,800 Christian, making up the Arab population, and 30,820 Jewish, was designated as part of the Arab state. [33] The Arabs, however, rejected the partition plan. [7] Between 1947 and 1948, tensions grew on the border between Tel Aviv and Jaffa, with Arab snipers firing at Jews from the minaret of the local mosque. The Haganah and Irgun retaliated with a siege on Jaffa. Haganah ( Hebrew: "The Defense" ההגנה was a Jewish Paramilitary organization in what was then the British Mandate of Palestine Irgun (ארגון shorthand for HaIrgun HaTzva'i HaLe'umi BeEretz Yisra'el, he הארגון הצבאי הלאומי בארץ ישראל "National Military Organization [7] From April 1948, the Arab residents began to leave. When Jaffa was conquered by Israeli forces on May 14, few remained. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the [7]
After Israeli independence
By the time of Israel's Declaration of Independence on May 14, 1948, the population of Tel Aviv had risen to more than 200,000. The Israeli Declaration of Independence (הכרזת העצמאות Hakhrazat HaAtzma'ut or מגילת העצמאות Megilat HaAtzma'ut) made on 14 May Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [1] Tel Aviv became modern Israel's first capital because of the Arab blockade of Jerusalem, and served as such throughout the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The siege of Jerusalem was a complex series of Military events beginning on December 1 1947 and lasting through July 10 1948 The capital was subsequently transferred to Jerusalem, in December 1949. However, because of the international dispute over the status of Jerusalem, most foreign embassies remained in or near Tel Aviv. [14] In the early 1980s, 13 embassies that had been moved to Jerusalem were returned to Tel Aviv as part of the UN's punitive measures responding to Israel's 1980 Jerusalem Law. United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 declared Israel's 1980 " Jerusalem Law " which declared Jerusalem to be The Jerusalem Law is a common name of Basic Law Jerusalem Capital of Israel passed by the Knesset on July 30, 1980 (17th [34] Today, all embassies to Israel are in Tel Aviv or the surrounding district with the exception of the International Christian Embassy which remains in Jerusalem. The International Christian Embassy Jerusalem (often abbreciated to ICEJ is a prominent Christian Zionist organisation based in Jerusalem, Israel. [12] In April 1949, Tel Aviv and Jaffa were united in the single municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, and the lands of neighboring villages such as al-Shaykh Muwannis, Jammasin and Sumail, which had been depopulated during the war, were incorporated into the municipality. Al-Shaykh Muwannis (الشيخ موّنس was the largest Palestinian Arab town in the the District of Jaffa in British Mandate Palestine. [35] Tel Aviv thus grew to 42 square kilometers (16. 2 sq mi). In 1949, a memorial to the 60 founders of Tel Aviv was constructed. [36] Over the past 60 years, Tel Aviv has developed into a secular, liberal-minded city with a vibrant nightlife and café culture. Secularity ( adjective form secular) is the state of being separate from Religion. [7]
In the 1960s, some of the city's Modernist buildings were demolished and others were allowed to fall into disrepair. At the same time, new tower blocks were built, including the Shalom Meir Tower, Israel's tallest building until 1999. Shalom Meir Tower ( מגדל שלום מאיר, Migdal Shalom Meir; commonly shortened to מגדל שלום, Migdal Shalom) is an office tower Tel Aviv's population peaked in the early 1960s at 390,000, representing 16 percent of the country's total. [37] A long period of steady decline followed, however, and by the late 1980s the city had an aging population of 317,000. [37] High property prices pushed families out and deterred young people from moving in. [37]
At this time, gentrification started taking place in the poorer southern neighborhoods and the old port area in the north was renewed. [7] New laws were introduced later to protect the Modernist buildings, and their preservation was further helped by their gaining of UNESCO status. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 The early 1990s saw the population decline reverse in part due to the large wave of immigrants from the former Soviet Union. [37] The 1990s also saw the emergence of Tel Aviv as a high-tech center. [7] The construction of many skyscrapers and hi-tech office buildings followed, as Tel Aviv moved into a new phase in its development. This list of the tallest buildings and structures in Israel ranks Skyscrapers and Towers in Israel by height In 1993 Tel Aviv was, for the first time, mentioned as a World City by Kellerman who emphasized the existence of "leading economic functions typical for the late 20th century city: hi-tech industries and a modern service economy. Kellermann or Kellerman is a German surname which may refer to Kellermann Arthur Kellermann Kenneth Kellermann "[38] The city is regarded to be a strong candidate global city with many of the key characteristics of World Cities being present. [10]
On November 4, 1995, Israel's prime minister, Yitzhak Rabin, was assassinated at a rally in Tel Aviv in support of the Oslo peace accord. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and is the most powerful political officer in Israel (the President of Israel being a titular figurehead The Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin took place on November 4, 1995, at 2130 at the end of a rally in support of the The outdoor plaza where this occurred, formerly known as Kikar Malchei Yisrael, was renamed Rabin Square. Rabin Square (כיכר רבין Kikar Rabin is a large public city square in central Tel Aviv. [7]
Tel Aviv has suffered from violence by Palestinian terrorist groups since the post-First Intifada period. Palestinian political violence or Palestinian terrorism refers to acts of violence committed for political reasons by Palestinians Palestinian groups that support The First Intifada (1987–1993 (also " Intifada " and "war of the stones" was a mass Palestinian uprising against Israeli The first suicide attack in Tel Aviv occurred on October 19, 1994, on the Line 5 bus, when a bomber killed himself and 21 civilians as part of a Hamas suicide campaign. This article is about suicide attacks for political and/or military reasons Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Tel Aviv bus 5 suicide bombing was a 1994 Hamas suicide attack against Israel Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة The most deadly attack occurred on June 1, 2001, during the Second Intifada, when a suicide bomb exploded inside a nightclub called the Dolphi Disco, and 21 were killed and more than 100 were injured. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombing refers to the Suicide bombing and Mass murder, carried out by a Palestinian militant of twenty-one civilians The most recent attack in the city occurred on April 17, 2006, when 11 people, many of them foreign laborers, were killed and dozens wounded in another suicide attack in the same location. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [39]
In recent years, Tel Aviv has seen increasing support towards green issues with the city turning its lights off as part of Earth Hour in March, 2008. Green politics is a Political ideology which places a high importance on ecological and environmental goals and on achieving these goals through broad-based Earth Hour is an annual international event created by WWF ( The World Wide Fund for Nature/World Wildlife Fund) held on the last Saturday of March that asks households [40]
Geography
Tel Aviv is located around on the Israeli Mediterranean Coastal Plain, the historic land bridge between Europe, Africa, and Asia. The Israeli Coastal Plain (מישור החוף Mishor HaHof) is the narrow Coastal plain along Israel's Mediterranean Sea coast which houses 70% of Via Maris is the modern name for an ancient Trade route, dating from the early Bronze Age, linking Egypt with the northern empires of Syria, Immediately north of the ancient port of Jaffa, Tel Aviv is on land that used to be sand dunes and as such has relatively poor soil fertility. The land has been flattened and has no important gradients; its most notable geographical features are bluffs above the Mediterranean coastline and the Yarkon River mouth. The Yarkon River (נחל הירקון Nahal HaYarkon) also Yarqon River, is an Israeli River which originates at Tel Afek [41] Because of the expansion of Tel Aviv and the Gush Dan region, absolute borders between Tel Aviv and Jaffa and between the city's neighborhoods do not exist. The city is 60 kilometers (37 mi) northwest of Jerusalem and 90 kilometers (56 mi) south of the northern port city of Haifa. Haifa (חֵיפָה; حَيْفَا) is the largest City in Northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country with [42] Neighboring cities and towns include Herzliya Pituah to the north, Herzliya and Ramat HaSharon to the northeast, Ramat Gan and Giv'atayim to the east, Holon to the southeast, and Bat Yam to the south. Herzliya Pituah ( Hebrew: הרצליה פיתוח) is an affluent suburb west of Herzliya, Israel, located on the Mediterranean Sea coast Herzliya (הֶרְצְלִיָּה is a city of 84100 residents located on the central coast of Israel. Ramat HaSharon (רָמַת הַשָּׁרוֹן lit Height of the Sharon) is a city located on Israel 's central coastal strip in the south of the Sharon Ramat Gan (רָמַת גַּן is a city in the Tel Aviv district of Israel, which borders Tel Aviv to its west Giv'atayim (גִּבְעָתַיִם lit "two hills" is a city in Israel east of Tel Aviv. Holon (חוֹלוֹן, Ḥōlōn is a City in Israel, on the central coastal strip south of Tel Aviv. Bat-Yam-municipalityjpg|thumb|Bat Yam municipality building]]Bat-Yam-kikar-hameginim-1 [43]
Climate
Tel Aviv has a Mediterranean climate with hot summers, pleasant springs and autumns, and cold, wet winters (Köppen climate classification Csa). A Mediterranean climate is one that resembles the Climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, which includes over half of the area with this climate type world-wide The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist Humidity tends to be high year-round due to the city's proximity to the sea. In winter, temperatures seldom drop below 5 °C (40 °F) and are usually between 10 °C (50 °F) and 15 °C (60 °F); the city has not seen proper snow since 1950. [44] In summer the average is 26 °C (80 °F), and often daytime temperatures exceed 32 °C (90 °F). Despite the high humidity, precipitation during summertime is rare. The average annual rainfall is 530 millimeters (20. 9 in), nearly all occurring between October and April. [45] Tel Aviv experiences on average more than 300 sunny days a year. The record high temperature the city has seen is 43 °C (110 °F), whilst the city's record low is −1 °C (30 °F). [46][47]
| Weather averages for Tel Aviv | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 17. 5 (63. 5) | 17. 7 (63. 7) | 19. 2 (66. 6) | 22. 8 (73. 0) | 24. 9 (76. 8) | 27. 5 (81. 5) | 29. 4 (84. 9) | 30. 2 (86. 4) | 29. 4 (84. 9) | 27. 3 (81. 1) | 23. 4 (74. 1) | 19. 2 (66. 6) | 24. 0 (75. 2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 9. 6 (49. 3) | 9. 8 (49. 6) | 11. 5 (52. 7) | 14. 4 (57. 9) | 17. 3 (63. 1) | 20. 6 (69. 1) | 23. 0 (73. 4) | 23. 7 (74. 7) | 22. 5 (72. 5) | 19. 1 (66. 4) | 14. 6 (58. 3) | 11. 2 (52. 2) | 16. 4 (61. 5) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 126. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 9 (8. 8) | 90. 1 (5. 0) | 60. 6 (0. 9) | 18. 0 (0. 1) | 2. 3 (0. 3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0. 5 (0) | 26. 3 (0. 1) | 79. 3 (2. 5) | 126. 4 (3. 9) | 530. 5 (21. 5) |
| Source: World Weather Information Service[48][49] | |||||||||||||
Districts
- Further information: Neighborhoods of Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv is made up of nine districts that have formed naturally over the city's short history. This is a list of Neighborhoods in Tel Aviv, Israel, arranged geographically from the northern side to the southern side The most notable of these is Jaffa, the ancient port city out of which Tel Aviv grew. This area is traditionally made up demographically of a greater percentage of Arabs, but recent gentrification is replacing them with a young professional population. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class Similar processes are occurring in nearby Neve Tzedek, the original Jewish neighborhood outside of Jaffa. Neve Tzedek (נְוֵה צֶדֶק lit Abode of Justice is a Neighbourhood in south-western Tel Aviv, Israel. Ramat Aviv, a neighborhood in the northern part of the city largely made up of luxury apartments and including the Tel Aviv University, is currently undergoing extensive expansion and is set to absorb the beachfront property of Sde Dov Airport after its decommissioning. Ramat Aviv is a district of several Neighbourhoods in northern Tel Aviv, on the north bank of the Yarkon River. [50] This will likely take several years while expansion north of the airport makes up the majority of the city's growth.
Historically, there has been a demographic split between the Ashkenazi and Europeans north of the city, including the neighborhood of Ramat Aviv, and the southern, more Sephardi and Mizrahi neighborhoods including Neve Tzedek and Florentin. Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing The European peoples are the various Nations and Ethnic groups of Europe. Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural Mizrahi Jews or Mizrahim, ( also referred to as Edot HaMizrach (Communities of the East are Jews descended [7]
Since the 1980s, however, restoration and gentrification has taken place on a large scale in the southern neighborhoods, making them some of the city’s most desirable neighborhoods for the more prosperous north Tel Avivis. [7] In north Tel Aviv, the old port area, which had become run-down since the port was decommissioned in 1965, also saw an urban revival, becoming an upmarket area with shops and restaurants. [7]
Architecture
- Further information: White City (Tel Aviv) and Category:Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv
The early architecture of Tel Aviv consisted largely of Eastern European-style single-story houses with red-tiled roofs. The White City ( Hebrew: העיר הלבנה ha-Ir ha-Levana) refers to a collection of 4000 Bauhaus or International style buildings built Azrieli Center is a complex of three Skyscrapers in central Tel Aviv. [32] Neve Tzedek, the first neighborhood to be constructed outside of Jaffa is characterised by two-story sandstone buildings. [5] By the 1920s, a new eclectic Orientalist style came into vogue, combining European architecture with Middle Eastern features such as arches, domes and ornamental tiles. [32] Municipal construction followed the "garden city" master plan drawn up by Patrick Geddes. Sir Patrick Geddes (1854 - 1932 was a Scottish Biologist and Botanist, known also as an innovative thinker in the fields of Urban planning Two- and three-story buildings were interspersed with boulevards and public parks. [32] Bauhaus architecture was introduced in the 1920s and 1930s by German Jewish architects who settled in Palestine after the rise of the Nazis. ("House of Building" or "Building School" is the common term for the, a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts and was famous Tel Aviv's White City, in north Tel Aviv, contains more than 5,000 Modernist-style buildings inspired by the Bauhaus school and Le Corbusier. The White City ( Hebrew: העיר הלבנה ha-Ir ha-Levana) refers to a collection of 4000 Bauhaus or International style buildings built ("House of Building" or "Building School" is the common term for the, a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts and was famous Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, who chose to be known as Le Corbusier ( October 6, 1887 – August 27, 1965) was a Swiss [5][6] Construction of these buildings, later declared protected landmarks and, collectively, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, continued until the 1950s in the area around Rothschild Boulevard. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 Rothschild Boulevard is a Boulevard in central Tel Aviv, Israel, which was built in 1910 [6][51] Three thousand buildings were created in this style between 1931 and 1939 alone. [32]
In the 1960s, this architectural style gave way to office towers and a chain of waterfront hotels and commercial skyscrapers. [7] Some of the city's Modernist buildings were neglected to the point of ruin. Before legislation to preserve this landmark architecture, many of the old buildings were demolished. In recent years, efforts have been made to refurbish Bauhaus buildings and restore them to their original condition. [52] In recent years, Tel Aviv has become a hub of modern high-rise architecture due to the soaring price of real-estate in the city. A high-rise is a tall Building or structure Normally the function of the building is added for example high-rise Apartment building or The Shalom Meir Tower, Israel's first skyscraper, was built in Tel Aviv in 1965 and remained the country's tallest building until 1999. Shalom Meir Tower ( מגדל שלום מאיר, Migdal Shalom Meir; commonly shortened to מגדל שלום, Migdal Shalom) is an office tower The Azrieli Center, composed of three buildings— one square, one triangular, and one circular—usurped that title. Azrieli Center is a complex of three Skyscrapers in central Tel Aviv. Since 2001, Israel's tallest building is the City Gate Tower, which is located in the neighboring city of Ramat Gan, although the country's tallest wholly residential building, the Neve Tzedek Tower, is in Tel Aviv. Moshe Aviv Tower ( Hebrew: מגדל משה אביב commonly known as the City Gate) is a Skyscraper located in the demarcated area of the ''bursa'' Ramat Gan (רָמַת גַּן is a city in the Tel Aviv district of Israel, which borders Tel Aviv to its west The Neve Tzedek Tower is a skyscraper in the city of Tel Aviv, Israel. New neighborhoods such as the Park Tzameret are being constructed to house luxury apartment towers including YOO Tel Aviv towers designed by Philippe Starck, while zones such as The southern Kirya are being developed with office towers. Park Tzameret is a newly-built Neighborhood of Tel Aviv, Israel, currently under construction in the east-central side of the city Yoo Tel Aviv is a complex including two luxury residential Skyscrapers in Tel Aviv, Israel, completed in 2007 Philippe Patrick Starck (born January 18, 1949) is a well-known French Designer and probably the best known designer in the New Design style Sarona was a Templer agricultural settlement in the Sharon plain, one of the earliest modern villages established in the Land of Israel, now situated Other recent additions to Tel Aviv's skyline are the 1 Rothschild Tower, Be'eri Nahardea Tower and First International Bank Tower. The First International Bank Tower is a Skyscraper located on historic Rothschild Boulevard in the White City area of Tel Aviv, Israel [53][54]
 Migdal Shalom |
 Towers in Southern Kirya district |
 Bauhaus Museum |
 Pagoda House |
Demographics
| City of Tel Aviv Population by year[37][7][1][5][29] |
|
| 1920 | 2,000 |
| 1925 | 34,000 |
| 1937 | 150,000 |
| 1939 | 160,000 |
| 1948 | 200,000 |
| 1960 | 390,000 |
| 1989 | 317,000 |
| 2008 | 384,400 |
The city has a population of 384,400 spread over an area of 51,788 dunams (51. The Great Synagogue of Tel Aviv is located on Allenby Street Tel Aviv, just east of the Shalom Tower. 8 km²) (20 mi²), yielding a population density of 7,445 people per square kilometer (2,875 per square mile). According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), as of June 2006 Tel Aviv's population is growing at an annual rate of 0. The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה HaLishka HaMerkazit LeStatistika) abbreviated CBS, is an Israeli 9%. It consists of 91. 8% Jews, 4. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ 2% Arabs and 4. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding 0% others (Christians, Buddhists). A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth A number of noted individuals have been Buddhists. Historical Buddhist thinkers and founders of schools Individuals are grouped by nationality except in cases where the [55] The city is relatively multicultural, and languages such as Tagalog, Thai, Russian, Arabic, French and English are often spoken aside Hebrew. Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. Thai (th ภาษาไทย, transcription: phasa thai, transliteration:; pʰāːsǎːtʰāj is the national and Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States According to some estimates, about 50,000 unregistered Asian foreign workers live in the city. expatriate foreign worker is a person who works in a country other than the one of which he or she is a Citizen. [56] Compared with other Westernised cities, crime in Tel Aviv is relatively low. [57]
According to Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality, the average income in the city is about 20% above the national average, and the unemployment rate is 6. 9%. [58] The city maintains education standards above the national average; of its 12th-grade students, 64. 4% are eligible for matriculation certificates, the qualification received by those finishing high school. The Te'udat Bagrut, also written Te'udat Bagroot, (תעודת בגרות lit [58] In the city, the age profile of the population is relatively evenly spread, with 22. 2% aged under 20, 18. 5% aged 20–29, 24% aged 30–44, 16. 2% aged between 45 and 59, and 19. 1% older than 60. [59]
Tel Aviv's population peaked in the early 1960s at around 390,000, falling to 317,000 in the late 1980s as high property prices forced families out and prevented young residents from moving in. [37] The early 1990s, however, saw this downturn reversed with the entry of new immigrants from the Former Soviet Union, and ever since, the population has been growing steadily. [37] Today, the city's population is young and growing. [60] In 2006, 22,000 people moved to the city, while only 18,500 left,[60] and many of the new families had young children. The population of Tel Aviv is expected to reach 450,000 by 2025; meanwhile, the average age of residents in the city fell from 35. 8 in 1983 to 34 in 2008. [60] The population over age 65 stands at 14. 6% compared with 19% in 1983. [60]
Religion
Despite its image as a secular city, Tel Aviv has about a hundred synagogues, including historic buildings such as the Great Synagogue, established in the 1930s. The Great Synagogue of Tel Aviv is located on Allenby Street Tel Aviv, just east of the Shalom Tower. [61] Jewish law states, however, that synagogues must be close to the place of residence, explaining the high number in the city. One of Tel Aviv's famous landmarks is the Hassan Bek Mosque, on the beachfront. The Hassan Bek Mosque, also known as the Hasan Bey Mosque, is considered to be one of the most well-known Mosques located in Jaffa, which is incorported Jaffa is home to a sizable Muslim and Christian population. The number of churches has grown in recent years to accommodate the religious needs of diplomats and foreign workers. [62]
The Tel Aviv District is 93 percent Jewish, 1 percent Muslim, and 1 percent Christian. The remaining 5 percent are not classified by religion. [63] The liberal nature of Tel Aviv is evidenced in matters relating to sexual orientation and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender-transsexual LGBT rights. LGBT (also GLBT) is an initialism referring collectively to Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, and Transgender / transsexual The city hosts a pride parade that attracts more than 80,000 annually, and in early 2008 it hosted Israel's first sex festival.
Economy
Since Tel Aviv was built on sand dunes, farming was not profitable and maritime commerce was centered in Haifa and Ashdod. Haifa (חֵיפָה; حَيْفَا) is the largest City in Northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country with Ashdod (אַשְׁדּוֹד اشدود إسدود Isdud) located in the South District of Israel, on the Mediterranean Sea coast Instead, the city gradually developed as a center for scientific and technical research. In 1974, Intel opened its first overseas research and development operation in the city, and Tel Aviv emerged as a high-tech center in the 1990s. [7] Economic activities in the city account for about 15 percent of national employment and about 17 percent of GDP. [37] Forty percent of national employment in finance and 25 percent of national employment in business services is in the city. [37]
The economy of Tel Aviv has developed dramatically over the past decades. The city has been described as a flourishing technological center by Newsweek and a "miniature Los Angeles" by The Economist. Newsweek is an American weekly Newsmagazine published in New York City. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The Economist is an English-language weekly news and International affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London [64][7] Many computer scientists, their numbers increased by immigration from the former Soviet Union since the early 1990s, live and work in Tel Aviv. In 1998, the city was described by Newsweek as one of the top 10 most technologically influential cities in the world. Newsweek is an American weekly Newsmagazine published in New York City. Since then, high-tech industry in the Tel Aviv area has developed even more. [64] The Tel Aviv metropolitan area (including satellite cities such as Herzliya and Petah Tikva) is Israel's center of high-tech and is sometimes referred to as Silicon Wadi. Herzliya (הֶרְצְלִיָּה is a city of 84100 residents located on the central coast of Israel. Petah Tikva (פֶּתַח תִּקְוָה "Opening of Hope" known as Em HaMoshavot ("Mother of the Moshavot " is a city in the Silicon Wadi (עמק הסיליקון Emek HaSilikon, lit: "Silicon Valley" is an area with a high concentration of High-tech industries in [64][11] Tel Aviv is home to the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE), Israel's only stock exchange, which has reached record heights since the 1990s. Tase redirects here It can also mean "to use a Taser on someone" [65] Many international venture-capital firms, scientific research institutes and high-tech companies are headquartered in the city. Industries in Tel Aviv include chemical processing, textile plants and food manufacturers. [7] The city's nightlife, cultural attractions and architecture attract tourists whose spending benefits the local economy. [66]
The Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) at Loughborough University has constructed an inventory of world cities based on their level of advanced producer services. Loughborough University is a Campus university located in the Market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, in the East Midlands The inventory lists Tel Aviv as having "strong evidence" of world city formation—the highest ranking for a Middle Eastern city with the exception of partly-European Istanbul. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey [67]
Nine of the fifteen Israeli billionaires live in Israel; four live in Tel Aviv or its suburbs, according to Forbes. Forbes is an American Publishing and media company Its flagship publication Forbes magazine is published bi-weekly [68][69] According to Mercer, a human resources consulting firm based in New York, as of 2007 Tel Aviv is the most expensive city in the Middle East and the 17th most expensive in the world. Mercer is a Human resource consulting firm headquartered in New York City New York that is recognized as one of the leading business institutions in the world It falls just behind New York City and Dublin and just ahead of Rome and Vienna in this respect. The City of New York Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. [70][71]
Culture
Tourism and recreation
As a Mediterranean city, Tel Aviv attracts many international tourists annually, some of whom have likened it to Barcelona. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia [9] It has many museums, cultural sites, shopping and entertainment districts, and beaches, and according to the Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality, it has 44 hotels with more than 5,800 rooms. [58] Tel Aviv has been called "the city that never sleeps" because of its nightlife and 24-hour culture. NightLife with Tony Delroy is a popular late night talkback show across ABC Local Radio, Broadcasting from the 702 ABC Sydney studios in Ultimo [72] [73][74]
The city has quite a few public parks, the largest being Park HaYarkon. A park is a protected area of Land and Water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped state and set aside for some purpose often to do with human The Yarkon Park (פארק הירקון Park HaYarkon) is a large Urban park (3 Gan Meir, named after the first mayor, Meir Dizengoff, is another park in the city center. Gan Meir is a Public park, located between the streets of King George and Tchernichovsky in central Tel Aviv, Israel. Seventeen percent of the city is covered in plants. [58] The city has many malls, such as Dizengoff Center (Israel's first mall) and Azrieli Center, as well as many hotels including the Crowne Plaza, Sheraton, Dan, Isrotel and Hilton. Azrieli Center is a complex of three Skyscrapers in central Tel Aviv. Crowne Plaza is a chain of full service upscale Hotels catering to business travelers and to the meetings and conventions market Sheraton Hotels and Resorts is Starwood Hotels & Resorts ' largest and second oldest brand ( Westin being the oldest The Isrotel Tower is a Skyscraper Hotel located on the Beachfront of Tel Aviv, Israel. UH Hilton Hoteljpg|thumbnail|right|The Hilton University of Houston in Houston Texas, located on the campus of the University of Houston, contains the Hilton College of It is home to many museums, architectural and cultural sites, and offers tours in different languages. A tour bus service was made available in 2007,[75] and the city also has architectural tours[76] and Segway tours[77] as well as walking tours of many varieties. For other uses see Tour bus. Tour Bus (תור בוס is an Israeli transportation company and a major Shareholder in several The Segway PT is a two-wheeled, self-balancing Electric vehicle invented by Dean Kamen. [78] The nightlife is particularly active around the beachfront promenades because of its many nightclubs and bars. An esplanade is a long open level area usually next to a river or large body of water where people may walk A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark A bar (also called a Pub or Tavern) is a business that serves drinks especially Alcoholic beverages such as beer liquor and mixed drinks for consumption The city has a wide variety of restaurants offering traditional Israeli dishes as well as international fare. More than 100 sushi restaurants, the third highest concentration in the world, do business in the city, and an Italian restaurant in Tel Aviv was deemed the best Italian restaurant outside of Italy by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture. In Japanese cuisine, is Vinegared Rice, usually topped with other ingredients including fish various meats and vegetables Italian cuisine as a national Cuisine known today has evolved through centuries of social and political changes with its roots traced back to 4th century BC [6][79]
Arts and theater
Tel Aviv is a major cultural center of Israel. Neve Tzedek (נְוֵה צֶדֶק lit Abode of Justice is a Neighbourhood in south-western Tel Aviv, Israel. [80] Eighteen of Israel's 35 major centers for the performing arts are located in the city, including five of the country's nine large theaters, where 55% of all performances in the country and 75% of all attendance occurs. In Mathematics, a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a Fraction of 100 ( per cent meaning "per hundred" [37][81] The Tel Aviv Performing Arts Center is the home of the Israeli Opera, where Plácido Domingo was house tenor between 1962 and 1965, and the Cameri Theater. The Tel Aviv Performing Arts Center is a Performing arts Complex located on Shaul Hamelech Avenue in central Tel Aviv, Israel WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes --> José Plácido Domingo Embil KBE (born January 21, 1941) better The Cameri Theater, established over 60 years ago in Tel Aviv, Israel, is one of the most important and famous Theaters in the country and is well known [82] With 3,000 seats, the Fredric R. Mann Auditorium (Heichal Hatarbut) is the city's largest theater. [83] Habima Theater, Israel's national theater, was closed down for renovations in early 2008. Habima National Theatre (הבימה - התיאטרון הלאומי lit Enav Cultural Center is one of the newer additions to the cultural scene. [81] Other theaters in Tel Aviv are the Gesher Theater and Beit Lessin Theater; Tzavta and Tmuna are smaller theaters that host musical performances and fringe productions. Fringe theatre is a term used to describe Alternative theatre, or entertainment not of the mainstream In Jaffa, the Simta and Notzar theaters specialize in fringe style.
Tel Aviv is home to a number of established dance centers and companies. Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic The Batsheva Dance Company, a contemporary dance troupe, as well as Bat Dor and the Israel Ballet are also headquartered in Tel Aviv. The Batsheva Dance Company is a honored dance company based in Tel Aviv, Israel and founded by Martha Graham and Baroness Batsheva De Rothschild [81]
Opera and classical music performances are held daily in Tel Aviv. [81] Many of the world's leading classical conductors and soloists including Zubin Mehta, Itzhak Perlman, Leonard Bernstein, Isaac Stern, Lorin Maazel and Pinchas Zukerman have performed on Tel Aviv stages. Conducting is the act of directing a Musical performance by way of visible gestures In Music, a solo (from the Italian solo, meaning alone) is a piece or a section of a piece played or sung by a single performer WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Zubin Mehta (born April 29 1936 is an Indian conductor Itzhak Perlman (born August 31, 1945) is an Israeli American Violin Virtuoso, conductor, and Pedagogue WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes Isaac Stern ( July 21, 1920 &ndash September 22, 2001) was an American Violin Virtuoso. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Lorin Varencove Maazel (born March 6, 1930) is a Pinchas Zukerman (פנחס צוקרמן born July 16, 1948) is a noted Israeli Violinist violist, and conductor who was [81]
Tel Aviv has also hosted hundreds of musical acts, arguably more than any other major city in the region, including Madonna, Michael Jackson, Elton John and U2. Michael Joseph Jackson (born August 29 1958 is an American musician entertainer and businessman Sir Elton Hercules John CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947 is an English pop / rock Singer, Composer
The Tel Aviv Cinemathèque screens art movies, premieres of short and full-length Israeli films, and hosts a variety of film festivals, among them the Festival of Animation, Comics and Caricatures, the Student Film Festival, the Jazz, Film and Videotape Festival and Salute to Israeli Cinema. A cinémathèque (or cinematheque) is a French word used to refer to a film archive with small cinemas that screens particularly classic and art-house films The city has several multiplex cinemas. For the fictional character called Megaplex see Megaplex (Transformers. [81]
Museums
Israel is said to have the highest number of museums per capita of any country, three of the largest of which are in Tel Aviv. [84][85] Among these are the Eretz Israel Museum, known for its collection of archaeology and history exhibits dealing with the Land of Israel, and the Tel Aviv Museum of Art. The Eretz Israel Museum was established in 1953 in Ramat Aviv, Israel. For other uses see Israel (disambiguation The Land of Israel ( Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Eretz Yisrael) is The Tel Aviv Museum of Art was established in 1932 in Tel Aviv, Israel, in the home of Tel Aviv's first mayor Meir Dizengoff. Housed on the campus of Tel Aviv University is the Beth Hatefutsoth, a museum of the international Jewish diaspora that tells the story of Jewish prosperity and persecution throughout the centuries of exile. Tel Aviv University (TAU אוניברסיטת תל־אביב את"א is Israel 's largest on-site University, located in Tel Aviv. Beit Hatefutsot or Beth Hatefutsoth ( Hebrew: בית התפוצות "The Diaspora House" — the Nahum Goldmann Museum of the The Jewish diaspora ( Hebrew: Tefutzah, "scattered" or Galut גלות "exile" Yiddish: tfutses) the presence Batey Haosef Museum specializes in Israel Defense Forces' military history. The Israel Defense Forces ( IDF) (צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit The Palmach Museum near Tel Aviv University offers a multimedia experience of the history of the Palmach as well as archives depicting the lives of Jewish soldiers who became Israel's first defenders. The Palmach ( Hebrew: פלמ"ח an acronym for Plugot Maḥatz (Hebrew פלוגות מחץ Strike Companies) was the regular fighting force Near Charles Clore's garden in north Jaffa is a small museum of the Etzel Jewish militant organization, which conquered Jaffa in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Sir Charles Clore ( 24 December 1904 – 26 July 1979) was a British financier retail and property magnate and philanthropist Irgun (ארגון shorthand for HaIrgun HaTzva'i HaLe'umi BeEretz Yisra'el, he הארגון הצבאי הלאומי בארץ ישראל "National Military Organization The Tel Aviv Exhibition Center in the northern part of the city hosts more than 60 major events a year. The Israel Trade Fairs & Convention Center is a Convention center located on Rokach Boulevard in northern Tel Aviv, served by the Tel Aviv University Many offbeat museums and galleries operate in the city's southern areas, including the Tel Aviv Raw Art contemporary art gallery. [86][87]
Sports
Tel Aviv is home to some of the top sports teams in Israel, including a world-class basketball team. It is the only city with three teams in Ligat ha'Al, the country's top football league. Football (כדורגל Kaduregel) is the unofficial national sport of Israel. Maccabi Tel Aviv Sports Club was founded in 1906 and competes in more than 10 sports. Maccabi Tel Aviv ( מכבי תל אביב, often referred to simply as Maccabi is the biggest Sports club in Israel and a part of the Maccabi Its Maccabi Tel Aviv Basketball Club holds 47 Israeli titles, has won 36 editions of the Israel cup, and has five European Championships, and its Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. holds 18 Israeli league titles and has won 22 editions of the Israel cup, two Israel Toto cups and two Asia cups. Maccabi "Electra" Tel Aviv (מכבי "אלקטרה" תל-אביב is a professional Basketball team based in Tel Aviv, playing in the Maccabi Tel Aviv FC is an Israeli Association football club part of the Maccabi Tel Aviv sports club. Yael Arad, an athlete in Maccabi's judo club, won a silver medal in the 1992 Olympic Games. Yael Arad (יעל ארד (born May 1, 1967 in Tel Aviv) was the first Israeli to win an Olympic medal ending a long period of meaning "gentle way" is a modern Japanese martial art ( Gendai budō) and Combat sport, that originated in Japan in the late The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games [88]
Hapoel Tel Aviv Sports Club was founded in 1923 and has included more than 11 sports clubs[89] including the Hapoel Tel Aviv Football Club (13 Israeli championships, 11 Israeli cups, one Toto cup and one Asia champion), a kayaking club, and a women's basketball club. Hapoel Tel Aviv is a sports club in Israel containing Hapoel Tel Aviv B Hapoel Tel Aviv (הפועל תל-אביב is an Israeli football based in Tel Aviv.
Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv's football club (once Israeli champion, twice State Cup winners and twice Toto Cup winner) is the only Israeli football team in the top division that represents a neighborhood, the Hatikva Quarter in Tel Aviv, and not a city. Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv FC (מועדון כדורגל בני יהודה תל אביב Moadon Kaduregel Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv) commonly known as just Bnei Yehuda The State Cup (גביע המדינה Gvia HaMedina) is the second most important tournament in Israeli football after Ligat ha'Al the top division The Toto Cup (גביע הטוטו is a minor cup competition in Israeli football but nevertheless carries the highest annual prize
Other football clubs in the top division were Shimshon Tel Aviv and Beitar Tel Aviv, which has merged into one team, Beitar/Shimshon Tel Aviv, in the third division, Liga Artzit. Shimshon Tel Aviv FC (מועדון כדורגל שמשון תל אביב Moadon Kaduregel Shimshon Tel Aviv) was an Israeli football club based at Beitar Tel Aviv Football Club ( Hebrew: מועדון כדורגל בית"ר תל אביב was an Israeli football club based at Bloomfield Beitar/Shimshon Tel Aviv FC (מועדון כדורגל בית"ר/שמשון תל אביב is an Israeli football club based in Tel Aviv. Structure There are 12 teams in Liga Artzit Each team plays thirty three matches the first 22 matches are played on a home and away basis with the last 11 fixtures based on league Another former first division team, Maccabi Jaffa, played in the lower divisions in the 2007–08 season. Ligat ha'Al 2007-08 Ligat ha'Al Transfers 2007-08 List of Israeli football transfers 2007-08 Liga Leumit 2007-08
Two rowing clubs operate in Tel Aviv. GB coxless pair of Toby Garbett & Rick Dunn at Henley Royal Regatta 2004 The Tel Aviv Rowing Club, established as early as 1935 on the banks of the Yarkon River, is the largest rowing club in Israel. [90] Meanwhile, the beaches of Tel Aviv provide a vibrant Matkot (beach paddleball) scene. Matkot, or Beach paddleball or kadima (מטקה in Hebrew, pl [91] Tel Aviv Lightning represent Tel Aviv in the Israel Baseball League. The Tel Aviv Lightning ( תל אביב לייטנינג) is an Israeli Baseball team from Tel Aviv in the Israel Baseball League. The Israel Baseball League (IBL ( Hebrew: ליגת הבייסבול הישראלית Liget ha-Beisbol ha-Israelit) was a professional six-team Baseball [92]
Government
Tel Aviv is governed by a 31-member city council elected for a four-year term in direct proportional elections. [93] All Israeli citizens over the age of 18 with at least one year of residence in Tel Aviv are eligible to vote in municipal elections. The municipality is responsible for social services, community programs, public infrastructure, urban planning, tourism and other local affairs. [94][95][96] The Tel Aviv City Hall is located at Rabin Square. Rabin Square (כיכר רבין Kikar Rabin is a large public city square in central Tel Aviv. As of 2008, Ron Huldai is mayor of Tel Aviv, having held that office since 1998. Ron Huldai (רון חולדאי b 26 August 1944 is an Israeli Politician and former fighter pilot and the mayor of Tel Aviv. [93] The longest serving mayor of the city was Shlomo Lahat, who was in office for 19 years. Maj Gen Shlomo "Chich" Lahat (b November 9 1927 is a former Israeli general and politician The shortest serving was David Bloch, in office for just two years, 1925–27. The importance of Tel Aviv is further enhanced by the non-recognition of Jerusalem as the Capital of Israel by the international community, which maintains embassies mostly in Tel Aviv. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Israel has De facto control over all of Jerusalem. However there are many differing legal and diplomatic positions on Jerusalem. A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one State or an international Inter-governmental organization (such as the United Nations) present in [97][98] The Israeli Ministry of Defense is in Tel Aviv. The Ministry of Defense (משרד הביטחון Misrad HaBitakhon) of the government of Israel, is the governmental department responsible for defending [99] Israel Meir Lau is chief rabbi of the city. Yisrael (Israel Meir Lau is the Chief Rabbi of Tel Aviv, Israel.
The demographic split in the city has also created political divisions between the Labor Party, usually strongest in the north, and Likud and other right-wing and religious parties, usually strongest in the south. [7] In the 2006 election, however this pattern changed when the new centrist Kadima party gained 28 percent of the city's vote, followed by Labor with 20 percent. The Elections for the 17th Knesset were held in Israel on 28 March 2006. Kadima (קדימה lit Forward) is a political party in Israel. [100][101]
Mayors
| Name | Took office | Left office | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Meir Dizengoff | 1921 | 1925 |
| 2 | David Bloch | 1925 | 1927 |
| 3 | Meir Dizengoff | 1928 | 1936 |
| 4 | Israel Rokach | 1936 | 1952 |
| 5 | Haim Levanon | 1953 | 1959 |
| 6 | Mordechai Namir | 1959 | 1969 |
| 7 | Yehoshua Rabinowitz | 1969 | 1974 |
| 8 | Shlomo Lahat ("Chich") | 1974 | 1993 |
| 9 | Roni Milo | 1993 | 1998 |
| 10 | Ron Huldai | 1998 |
Education
Tel Aviv is home to many schools, colleges, and universities. Meir Dizengoff ( Hebrew: מאיר דיזנגוף Russian: Меер Янкелевич Дизенгоф 1861-1936 was a Zionist politician and the first Israel Rokach, OBE (ישראל רוקח or Yiśrā’el Rōkaḥ born 31 December 1886, died 13 September 1959) was an Israeli Chaim Levanon (חיים לבנון (1899 - 1986 was an Israeli politician and mayor of Tel Aviv between April 13, 1953 and 1959 Mordechai Namir (מרדכי נמיר born Mordechai Nemirovsky on 23 February 1897, died 22 February 1975) was an Israeli Maj Gen Shlomo "Chich" Lahat (b November 9 1927 is a former Israeli general and politician Roni Milo (רוני מילוא born 26 November 1949) is an Israeli politician lawyer and journalist and a former Knesset member who held Ron Huldai (רון חולדאי b 26 August 1944 is an Israeli Politician and former fighter pilot and the mayor of Tel Aviv. Tel Aviv University (TAU אוניברסיטת תל־אביב את"א is Israel 's largest on-site University, located in Tel Aviv. As of 2006, 51,359 children attended school in Tel Aviv, of whom 8,977 were in municipal kindergartens, 23,573 in municipal elementary schools, and 18,809 in high schools. [58] Sixty-four percent of students in the city are entitled to matriculation, more than 5 percent higher than the national average. [58] Four thousand children are in first grade at schools in the city, and population growth is expected to raise this number to 6,000 by 2012. [60] As a result, 20 additional kindergarten classes will open in 2008–09 in the city, while additional classes will be added at schools in north Tel Aviv. A new elementary school is planned north of Sde Dov as well as a new high school in north Tel Aviv. [60]
Particularly notable schools in the city include the Gymnasia Herzlia, which moved from Jaffa to Tel Aviv in 1909 to coincide with the establishment of the city. Herzliya Hebrew High School (הגימנסיה העברית הרצליה HaGimnasia HaIvrit Hertzelia) originally known as The Hebrew High School (הגימנסיה The school continues to operate, although has moved to Jabotinsky Street. [102] Other notable schools in Tel Aviv include Shevah Mofet, the second Hebrew school in the city, Ironi Alef and Alliance. Shevah Mofet (שבח מופת also Shevach Moffet) is a high school on HaMasger Street in Tel Aviv, Israel.
Tel Aviv's major institution for higher education is Tel Aviv University. Tel Aviv University (TAU אוניברסיטת תל־אביב את"א is Israel 's largest on-site University, located in Tel Aviv. Together with Bar-Ilan University in neighboring Ramat Gan, the student population is more than 50,000, with a sizeable number of international students. Ramat Gan (רָמַת גַּן is a city in the Tel Aviv district of Israel, which borders Tel Aviv to its west [103][104] Tel Aviv University, founded in 1953, is now the largest university in Israel, internationally known for its physics, computer science, chemistry and linguistics departments. Tel Aviv University (TAU אוניברסיטת תל־אביב את"א is Israel 's largest on-site University, located in Tel Aviv. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. Computer science (or computing science) is the study and the Science of the theoretical foundations of Information and Computation and their Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields The campus is located in the Ramat Aviv neighborhood. [105]
Transport
Many major routes of the national road network pass through or end in Tel Aviv, a transportation hub. Highway 20, more commonly Ayalon Highway (נתיבי איילון "Netivey Ayalon") is a major intracity Freeway in Gush Dan Seen as the hub of the Israeli transporation system in terms of road rail and air transport transport in Tel Aviv is regarded as very good The main road access route to Tel Aviv is the Ayalon Highway (Highway 20), which runs along the eastern side of the city from north to south along the Ayalon River riverbed, dividing for the most part Tel Aviv and Ramat Gan. Highway 20, more commonly Ayalon Highway (נתיבי איילון "Netivey Ayalon") is a major intracity Freeway in Gush Dan Driving south on the Ayalon gives access to Highway 1, leading to Ben Gurion International Airport and Jerusalem. Highway 1 (כביש 1 is the main highway connecting Tel Aviv with Jerusalem. Ben Gurion International Airport (נמל התעופה בן גוריון Namal HaTe'ūfa Ben Gūryōn,, also referred to by its Hebrew acronym Natbag (נתב"ג Within the city, the main routes are King George Street, Allenby Street, Ibn Gabirol Street, Dizengoff Street, Rothschild Boulevard, and in Jaffa the main route is Jerusalem Boulevard. Allenby Street is a main traffic arterial in Tel Aviv, Israel. Ibn Gabirol Street (often erroneously pronounced as Even Gvirol is a major street in Tel Aviv, Israel, named after the medieval Hebrew Poet Dizengoff Street ( Hebrew: רחוב דיזנגוף Rehov Dizengoff) is a major street in central Tel Aviv, named after Tel Aviv's first mayor Meir Rothschild Boulevard is a Boulevard in central Tel Aviv, Israel, which was built in 1910 Namir Road connects the city to Highway 2, Israel's main north–south highway, and Begin/Jabotinsky Road, which provides access from the east through Ramat Gan, Bnei Brak and Petah Tikva. Highway 2 (כביש 2 Kvish 2) is an Israeli Highway located on the Coastal plain of the Mediterranean Sea. Tel Aviv, accommodating about 500,000 commuter cars daily, suffers from increasing congestion. In 2007, the Sadan Report recommended the introduction of a congestion charge similar to that of London in Tel Aviv as well as other Israeli cities. Road pricing is an economic concept regarding the various direct charges applied for the use of Roads The road charges includes Fuel taxes licence fees London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Under this plan, road users traveling into the city would pay a fixed fee. [106] Tel Aviv Municipality is trying to encourage the use of bicycles in the city, aiming to open 100 bicycle-rental stations to serve 74 kilometers (46. 0 mi) of bicycle paths. Plans call for expansion of the paths to 100 kilometers (62. 1 mi) by 2009. [107]
Tel Aviv has four train stations along the Ayalon Highway. Israel Railways (רכבת ישראל Rakévet Yisra'él) is Israel 's government-owned national railway company and is responsible for all inter-city and suburban The stops are from north to south: Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv Merkaz, Tel Aviv Hashalom (near Azrieli Center) and Tel Aviv Hahaganah (near the Tel Aviv Central Bus Station). Azrieli Center is a complex of three Skyscrapers in central Tel Aviv. Tel Aviv Central Bus Station, or Tel Aviv (New Central Bus Terminal (opened on August 18, 1993) is the primary Bus station in Tel Aviv It is estimated that over a million people travel by train from the surrounding cities to Tel Aviv each month.
The Tel Aviv Central Bus Station is in the south of the city. Tel Aviv Central Bus Station, or Tel Aviv (New Central Bus Terminal (opened on August 18, 1993) is the primary Bus station in Tel Aviv The main bus network in Tel Aviv is operated by Dan Bus Company; the Egged Bus Cooperative, the world's second-largest bus company, provides intercity transportation. Dan Bus Company is an Israeli Bus company based in Tel Aviv. It operates local bus service in the Gush Dan metropolitan area as well as some Egged Israel Transport Cooperative Society Ltd (אגד is the largest Bus company in Israel, and the second largest in the world (after London Buses [108]
Tel Aviv's domestic airport is Sde Dov in the northwestern part of the city. Sde Dov Airport (שדה דב lit Dov Field also known as Dov Hoz Airport (נמל התעופה דב הוז Namal HaTe'ufa Dov Hoz) is an airport Sde Dov is slated to close because it occupies prime coastal real estate near the upscale Ramat Aviv neighborhood. [109] In the near future all services to Sde Dov will transfer to Ben Gurion International Airport, Israel's main international airport, close to the city of Lod and 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Tel Aviv. Ben Gurion International Airport (נמל התעופה בן גוריון Namal HaTe'ūfa Ben Gūryōn,, also referred to by its Hebrew acronym Natbag (נתב"ג Lod (לוֹד اَلْلُدّْ al-Ludd; Greco-Latin Lydda) is a mixed Arab - Jewish city about 15 km southeast of Tel Aviv in Because it is close to Tel Aviv, Ben Gurion International Airport is often referred to as Tel Aviv International Airport even though it is not part of any municipal jurisdiction.
In early 2008, Tel Aviv Municipality announced a pilot scheme to build charging stations for electric cars. Initially, five charging points will be built, and eventually 150 points will be set up across the city as part of the Israeli electric car project, Project Better Place. [110] Battery replacement points will be located at the city's entrances.
Media
The three largest newspapers in Israel are published in Tel Aviv. Yedioth Ahronoth (ידיעות אחרונות, lit Latest News) is a major Hebrew language Daily newspaper published in Israel. Tabloid Yedioth Ahronoth has been Israel's most widely circulated newspaper since the 1970s and is headquartered on Begin Road. Yedioth Ahronoth (ידיעות אחרונות, lit Latest News) is a major Hebrew language Daily newspaper published in Israel. [111] Maariv, Israel's second most popular tabloid, is also published in the city, while Haaretz, Israel's most popular broadsheet, is based in the city. Maariv (מַעֲרִיב lit Evening) is a popular Hebrew language Daily newspaper published in Israel. (הארץ "The land" referring to the Land of Israel) founded in 1918 is Israel 's oldest Daily newspaper. [111] Tel Aviv also acts as the base for other national press, including the evening financial newspaper Globes, the weekly newspaper HaTzofe, and the daily newspaper Makor Rishon. Globes is a Hebrew language daily evening financial newspaper published in Israel. HaTzofe (הצופה The Observer) was a Hebrew language daily newspaper published in Israel. Makor Rishon (מקור ראשון "primary source" is an Israeli daily newspaper identified with conservative national and religious values [111] Iton Tel Aviv and the weekly Zman Tel Aviv and the Arabic weekly Almadina (newspaper) report local news. Iton Tel Aviv (עיתון תל אביב is a Tel Aviv, Israel based Newspaper. Zman Tel Aviv (זמן תל אביב Tel Aviv Time) is a weekly Newspaper published in Tel Aviv, Israel. Almadina المدينة is an Israeli-Arabic local Newspaper, printed weekly in Tabloid format published and distributed for free in two editions [111] More recently, the free daily Israel Post and Israeli have been produced in the city. Israel Post (ישראל פוסט originally Metro Israel, is an Israeli Hebrew-language Free daily newspaper based on the concept of the Israeli (ישראלי lit Israeli was an Israeli daily Hebrew language newspaper distributed for free in railway stations bus terminals, and Delek Several radio stations cover the Tel Aviv area, including the city-based Radio Tel Aviv. [112]
Cityscape
Sister cities
Tel Aviv is twinned with 27 cities and has a partnership with Los Angeles, California, USA:[113]
References
- ^ a b c d e Table 3. - Population of localities numbering over 1,000 residents and other rural population (PDF). Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Toulouse ( pronounced in standard French, and in the local accent ( Occitan: Tolosa, pronounced) is a city in southwest This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Essen (ˈɛsən is a City in the center of the Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Sofia (София ˈsɔfija is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of Bulgaria, with a population of 1395568 in the Capital Municipality The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Cannes (kan in Occitan Canas) is a city in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Łódź is Poland 's third largest city with population of 753192 in 2007 (lost its second rank to Krakow in 2007 Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη), Thessalonica, or Salonica is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of Macedonia Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. İzmir, historically Smyrna, is the third most populous city of Turkey and the country's largest port after İstanbul. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Gaza (غزة, עַזָּה ʕazzā is the largest city in the Gaza Strip and the Palestinian territories. Almaty ( Алматы; formerly known as Alma-Ata ( Алма-Ата) also Verniy, (Верный is the largest city in Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the Chişinău (kiʃi'nəw (also known as Kishinev, Кишинёв Kishinyov) is the capital and largest city of Moldova. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Incheon is a metropolitan city and a major seaport on the west coast of South Korea, near Seoul. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Limassol or Lemesos ( Greek: Λεμεσός, Lemesos; Turkish: Limasol, alt Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich CBS (2007-12-31). The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה HaLishka HaMerkazit LeStatistika) abbreviated CBS, is an Israeli Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Retrieved on 2008-05-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of
- ^ Tel Aviv is also commonly written in Hebrew without the hyphen (תל אביב).
- ^ Localities, Population and Density per km²., by Metropolitan Area and Selected Localities (PDF). Statistical Abstract of Israel 2006. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (2006-12-31). The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה HaLishka HaMerkazit LeStatistika) abbreviated CBS, is an Israeli Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Retrieved on 2007-05-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt.
- ^ Tel Aviv Municipality. Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. Retrieved on 2008-02-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor
- ^ a b c d e f g The White City of Tel Aviv. UNESCO. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 Retrieved on 2008-03-29. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King
- ^ a b c d Strimpel, Zoe. "Hip and happening in Tel Aviv", The Times, 2008-02-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols Retrieved on 2008-02-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad "Economist City Guide-Tel Aviv" . The Economist. The Economist is an English-language weekly news and International affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London
- ^ "New Economy: Silicon Wadi" (1998-04-16). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Wired. Wired is a full-color monthly American Magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993
- ^ a b "An ugly scrap at Heathrow for the 'best-looking kid on the block'", Independent on Sunday, 2008-03-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Retrieved on 2008-03-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
- ^ a b Kipnis, B. A. (2001-10-08). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Tel Aviv, Israel - A World City in Evolution: Urban Development at a Deadend of the Global Economy. Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network at Loughborough University. Loughborough University is a Campus university located in the Market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, in the East Midlands Retrieved on 2007-07-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Cities in Transition. Ljubljana: Department of Geography, University of Ljubljana, pp. 183-194.
- ^ a b Worldwide Cost of Living Survey 2007 – city rankings. Mercer Human Resource Consulting (2007-06-18). Mercer is a Human resource consulting firm headquartered in New York City New York that is recognized as one of the leading business institutions in the world Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
- ^ a b Embassies and Consulates in Israel. Israel Science and Technology Homepage. Israel Science and Technology. Retrieved on 2008-06-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable
- ^ Book of Ezekiel 3:15
- ^ a b Tel Aviv. The Book of Ezekiel is a book of the Hebrew Bible (of the Books of the Bible) named after the prophet Ezekiel. Jewish Virtual Library. The Jewish Virtual Library is an online Encyclopedia published by the American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE Retrieved on 2007-07-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls,
- ^ a b c d Excavations at Ancient Jaffa (Joppa). Tel Aviv University. Retrieved on 2008-03-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
- ^ Book of Jonah 1:3
- ^ Book of Joshua 19:40–48
- ^ Books of Chronicles II 2:15
- ^ Runciman, Steven (1951). In the Hebrew Bible, the Book of Jonah is the fifth book in a series of books called the Minor Prophets The Book of Joshua ( Hebrew: Sefer Y'hoshua ספר יהושע is the sixth book in both the Hebrew Tanakh and the Old Testament of the Christian The Books of Chronicles ( Hebrew Divrei Hayyamim, דברי הימים Greek Paraleipomêna) are part of the Hebrew Bible (Jewish Sir James Cochran Stevenson Runciman CH ( 7 July, 1903 &ndash 1 November, 2000) better known as Sir Steven Runciman, was A History of the Crusades Vol 1: The First Crusade. London: Penguin, 282, 308. ISBN 978-0-14-013706-4.
- ^ Runciman, Steven (1952). Sir James Cochran Stevenson Runciman CH ( 7 July, 1903 &ndash 1 November, 2000) better known as Sir Steven Runciman, was A History of the Crusades Vol 2: The Kingdom of Jerusalem. London: Penguin, 191–92. ISBN 978-0-140-13704-0.
- ^ a b c Runciman, Steven (1954). Sir James Cochran Stevenson Runciman CH ( 7 July, 1903 &ndash 1 November, 2000) better known as Sir Steven Runciman, was A History of the Crusades Vol 3: The Kingdom of Acre. London: Penguin, 70–71, 186, 324. ISBN 978-0-140-13705-7.
- ^ a b c d Kark, Ruth (1990). Jaffa: A City in Evolution 1799–1917. Jerusalem: Yad Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, 8-10. ISBN 978-9652170651.
- ^ Tolkovsky, S. (1925). "New Light on the History of Jaffa". London: Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society 5:82-84.
- ^ Jaffa. Jewish Virtual Library. The Jewish Virtual Library is an online Encyclopedia published by the American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE Retrieved on 2008-02-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.
- ^ a b "Archaeological discoveries may prove barrier to Jaffa port rejuvenation", Haaretz. (הארץ "The land" referring to the Land of Israel) founded in 1918 is Israel 's oldest Daily newspaper. Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
- ^ From Spring Hill to Independence. Jewish Virtual Library. The Jewish Virtual Library is an online Encyclopedia published by the American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE Retrieved on 2008-01-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome.
- ^ Dizengoff, Meir. Jewish Agency. The Jewish Agency for Israel (Hebrew הסוכנות היהודית לארץ ישראל HaSochnut HaYehudit L'Eretz Yisra'el) also known as the Sochnut or JAFI Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
- ^ Bridger, David (1906). The New Jewish Encyclopedia. Behrman House, Inc, 117.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m From Spring Hill to Independence. Jewish Virtual Library. The Jewish Virtual Library is an online Encyclopedia published by the American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE Retrieved on 2008-01-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome.
- ^ Bernthal, Ron. "The White City: Tel Aviv And Its Bauhaus Tradition". Travel Writer's Magazine.
- ^ (1917) The New York Times Current History. The New York Times Co, 167. Retrieved on 2008-03-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ a b c d e Green, White or Black City? (pdf). Martin Wein, Emory University (2006). Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ Supplement to a Survey of Palestine. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
- ^ Foreign Ministry reaction to the transfer of the Dutch embassy from Jerusalem to Tel Aviv. Israel's Foreign Relations: Selected Documents. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1980-08-26). Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Retrieved on 2007-06-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering
- ^ "Tel Aviv-Jaffa". Encyclopaedia Judaica. The Encyclopaedia Judaica is a 26-volume English-language Encyclopedia of the Jewish people and their faith Judaism. (2007). Thomson Gale. Retrieved on 2008-02-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
- ^ Founders Monument and Fountain. Fodors. Fodor's (ˈfoʊdɚz is the world's largest publisher of English language Travel and Tourism information and the first relatively professional producer Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j City Profile (PDF). Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. Retrieved on 2008-03-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
- ^ Kipnis, Baruch A. (2004). Tel Aviv, Israel – A World City in Evolution: Urban Development at a Deadend of the Global Economy (pdf). Retrieved on 2008-03-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
- ^ Major Terrorist Attacks in Israel. Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- ^ "Tel Aviv goes dark as part of global 'Earth Hour' campaign", Haaretz, 2008-03-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Retrieved on 2008-03-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
- ^ Tel Aviv. Jewish Agency. The Jewish Agency for Israel (Hebrew הסוכנות היהודית לארץ ישראל HaSochnut HaYehudit L'Eretz Yisra'el) also known as the Sochnut or JAFI Retrieved on 2008-01-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France.
- ^ Cities located close to Tel Aviv. TimeandDate. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France.
- ^ Map of Israel. Carta. Retrieved on 2008-03-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ "The Distribution of Snow in Israel" . GeoJournal.
- ^ Tel Aviv Climate and Weather. World Travels. Retrieved on 2008-02-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment
- ^ Tel Aviv Almanac: Historical Information (February - Record Low). MyForecast. Retrieved on 2008-04-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
- ^ Tel Aviv Almanac: Historical Information (May - Record High). MyForecast. Retrieved on 2008-04-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
- ^ Monthly Average of Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperature (PDF). Statistical Abstract of Israel 2006. World Weather Information Service. Retrieved on 2008-01-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy.
- ^ Precipitation (PDF). Statistical Abstract of Israel 2006. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה HaLishka HaMerkazit LeStatistika) abbreviated CBS, is an Israeli Retrieved on 2008-01-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy.
- ^ Petersburg, Ofer. "Tel Aviv airport to make way for luxury project", Ynetnews, 2007-07-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Retrieved on 2007-07-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium.
- ^ White City of Tel Aviv. UNESCO. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- ^ Bauhaus Architecture. Jewish Virtual Library. The Jewish Virtual Library is an online Encyclopedia published by the American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE Retrieved on 2008-02-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.
- ^ Tel Aviv Towers. Tel Aviv in Focus. Retrieved on 2008-03-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ Tel Aviv. SkyscraperPage. com. Retrieved on 2008-03-15]]. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ Tel Aviv Ethnic Breakdown (Excel). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (2005-12-31). The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה HaLishka HaMerkazit LeStatistika) abbreviated CBS, is an Israeli Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Retrieved on 2007-07-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death "Others" refers to non-Arab Christians and unclassified.
- ^ Migration News. UC Davis. Retrieved on 2007-05-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.
- ^ Israel 2007 Crime & Safety Report: Tel Aviv. Overseas Security Advisory Agency. Retrieved on 2008-01-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France.
- ^ a b c d e f Tel Aviv-Yafo in Numbers. Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality (July 2006). Retrieved on 2008-01-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva.
- ^ Statistical Abstract of Israel 2007. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה HaLishka HaMerkazit LeStatistika) abbreviated CBS, is an Israeli Retrieved on 2008-01-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor
- ^ a b c d e f "Tel Aviv getting younger", Jerusalem Post, 2008-01-21. The Jerusalem Post is an Israeli daily English-language Broadsheet Newspaper, founded on December 1, 1932 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ Michelson, Udi. "The Jewish underground of Tel Aviv", Ynetnews, 2007-01-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ Tel Aviv-Jaffa. Israeli Tourism Ministry. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ Population by District, Sub-District and Religion (pdf). Statistical Abstract of Israel 2007 (2007). Retrieved on 2008-04-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of
- ^ a b c Levy, Stephen; Matt Rees (1998-11-09). ""Focus on Technology: The Hot New Tech Cities"". Newsweek. Newsweek is an American weekly Newsmagazine published in New York City.
- ^ Sandler, Neal. "Israel: A Hotbed of...Investment", BusinessWeek, 2007-06-21. BusinessWeek is a business Magazine published by McGraw-Hill. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Retrieved on 2007-07-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
- ^ Tel Aviv. Thomsonfly. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- ^ Inventory of World Cities. Loughborough University. Loughborough University is a Campus university located in the Market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, in the East Midlands Retrieved on 2007-07-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
- ^ "The World's Billionaires", Forbes. Retrieved on 2007-07-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
- ^ Bin-Nun, Boaz (2006-12-09). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Israel's 40 Richest. Forbes. Retrieved on 2007-07-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
- ^ Sahadi, Jeanne. "World's most expensive cities", CNNMoney, 2007-06-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Retrieved on 2007-06-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries
- ^ Worldwide Cost of Living Survey 2007 – city rankings. Mercer HR Consulting (2007-06-18). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Retrieved on 2007-07-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
- ^ bars in Tel Aviv. Tel Aviv Insider. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- ^ "TA Anglos make their own scene in city that never sleeps", Jerusalem Post, 2007-10-08. The Jerusalem Post is an Israeli daily English-language Broadsheet Newspaper, founded on December 1, 1932 Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Retrieved on 2008-02-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons
- ^ "Show & Tel", The Mirror, 2008-02-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols Retrieved on 2008-02-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols
- ^ Tel Aviv bus tour. Tel Aviv City Tours. Retrieved on 2008-01-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy.
- ^ Tel Aviv architecture tour. TelAvivArchitecture. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy.
- ^ Tel Aviv segway tours. Segways. co. il. Retrieved on 2008-01-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy.
- ^ Tel Aviv walking tours. TelAviv4Fun. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy.
- ^ Saradas-Trutino, Sarit. "Israel becomes sushi mecca", Ynetnews, 2008-01-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Retrieved on 2008-02-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor
- ^ Schamp, Eike W. , Felsenstein, Daniel (2002). Emerging Nodes in the Global Economy: Frankfurt and Tel Aviv Compared. Springer. Retrieved on 2008-03-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6.
- ^ a b c d e f Tel Aviv Culture. TravelGuides. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ History and Architecture. Israel Opera. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ Mann Auditorium. Hatarbut. co. il. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ Museums and Galleries. Tel Aviv Municipality. Retrieved on 2007-09-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians
- ^ Sharkansky, Ira (2005). Governing Israel: Chosen People, Promised Land and Prophetic Tradition. Transaction Publishers, 22. ISBN 0765802775.
- ^ Treasure of the State. Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. Retrieved on 2008-01-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France.
- ^ The Museums of Tel-Aviv-Jaffa. Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. Retrieved on 2008-01-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France.
- ^ Slater, Robert (2003). Great Jews in Sports. Jonathan David Company, Inc. , 19. Retrieved on 2008-03-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ Hapoel Tel Aviv. Fotw. net. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- ^ Rowers Almanac. Rowersalmanac. com. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- ^ Sports in the Tel-Aviv. Tel Aviv Insider. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- ^ "Israel Baseball League starts in June", St. Louis Jewish Light. Retrieved on 2008-01-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy.
- ^ a b Encyclopaedia Britannica Staff (1974). The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 66. ISBN 0852292902.
- ^ Social Services Administration. Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. Retrieved on 2008-03-29. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King
- ^ Community Life. Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. Retrieved on 2008-03-29. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King
- ^ Tourism. Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. Retrieved on 2008-03-29. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King
- ^ Embassies and Consulates in Israel. Israel Science and Technology Homepage. Retrieved on 2008-03-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor
- ^ Kellerman, Aharon (January 1993). Society and Settlement: Jewish Land of Israel in the Twentieth Century. State University of New York Press, 140. ISBN 0791412954. “[Tel Aviv] also contains most embassies, given the nonrecognition by many countries of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. ”
- ^ Ministry of Defense. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1999-08-24). Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Retrieved on 2008-03-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor
- ^ "תוצאות האמת: 28 לקדימה, הליכוד במקום חמישי", Yedioth Ahronoth, 2006-03-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Retrieved on 2008-03-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. (Hebrew)
- ^ "Pensioners a big hit in Tel Aviv", Jerusalem Post, 2006-03-29. The Jerusalem Post is an Israeli daily English-language Broadsheet Newspaper, founded on December 1, 1932 Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Retrieved on 2008-03-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
- ^ Gymnasia Herzlia (Hebrew). Retrieved on 2008-04-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of
- ^ Tel Aviv University. QS Top Universities. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- ^ Higher Education. Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- ^ TAU History. Tel Aviv University. Tel Aviv University (TAU אוניברסיטת תל־אביב את"א is Israel 's largest on-site University, located in Tel Aviv. Retrieved on 2008-01-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France.
- ^ Wrobel, Sharon. "Public transportation to be overhauled", Jerusalem Post, 2008-08-01. The Jerusalem Post is an Israeli daily English-language Broadsheet Newspaper, founded on December 1, 1932 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Retrieved on 2008-01-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva.
- ^ "City wheels in bicycle rental plan", Jerusalem Post, 2008-01-21. The Jerusalem Post is an Israeli daily English-language Broadsheet Newspaper, founded on December 1, 1932 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ Solomon, Shoshanna (2001-11-01). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Facets of the Israeli Economy – Transportation. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved on 2007-07-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians
- ^ Bar-Eli, Avi. "Sde Dov to be vacated, state gets half of Big Bloc", Haaretz, 2006-11-30. (הארץ "The land" referring to the Land of Israel) founded in 1918 is Israel 's oldest Daily newspaper. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Retrieved on 2007-07-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians
- ^ "Tel Aviv commits to electric car", Globes, 2008-01-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Retrieved on 2008-01-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
- ^ a b c d Israel Newspapers. Abzynewslinks. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ Tel Aviv Israel news media. Mondotimes. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
- ^ Tel Aviv sister cities (Hebrew). Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality. Retrieved on 2008-01-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy.
- ^ Tel Aviv decides to retain contract with Gaza City as `twin city` (English). Haaretz. Retrieved on 2008-02-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.
External links
- The unnofficial guide to Tel Aviv
- Tel Aviv official tourism website
- Get to know Tel Aviv by HD virtual tours
- Tel Aviv - city without a break Photography by Lev Borodulin
- Tel Aviv Foundation
- Tel Aviv Photos
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