| Brain: Tegmentum | ||
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| Transverse section of mid-brain at level of superior colliculi. In biological anatomy the mesencephalon (or midbrain) comprises the Tectum (or corpora quadrigemini Tegmentum, the ventricular mesocoelia (or "iter" The superior colliculus ( Latin, higher hill) is a paired structure that is part of the Brain 's tectal area. ("Tegmentum" visible center right. ) | ||
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| Section through superior colliculus showing path of oculomotor nerve. The superior colliculus ( Latin, higher hill) is a paired structure that is part of the Brain 's tectal area. The oculomotor nerve is the third of twelve paired Cranial nerves. (Tegmentum not labeled, but surrounding structures more clearly defined. ) | ||
| Latin | Tegmentum | |
The tegmentum (from Latin for "floor") is a general area within the brainstem. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The brain stem (or brainstem) is the lower part of the Brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the Spinal cord. It is located between the ventricular system and distinctive basal or ventral structures at each level. The ventricular system is a set of structures in the Brain continuous with the Central canal of the Spinal cord. The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) are a group of nuclei in the Brain interconnected with the Cerebral cortex, Thalamus and In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species It is a multisynaptic network of neurons that is involved in many unconscious homeostatic and reflexive pathways. Neurons (ˈnjuːɹɒn also known as neurones and nerve cells) are responsive cells in the Nervous system that process and transmit information Homeostasis (from Greek: ὅμος hómos, "equal" and ιστημι istēmi, "to stand" lit
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Development
In embryos the tegmentum is the anterior half of the neural tube. An embryo (from Greek:, plural, lit "that which grows" from en- "in" + bryein "to swell be full" is a multicellular In the developing vertebrate the neural tube is the Embryo 's precursor to the Central nervous system, which comprises the Brain and Spinal cord However, for fetuses to adults, tegmentum only refers to the parts of the brain that remains relatively unchanged after development is complete, i. A fetus (or foetus or fœtus) is a developing Mammal or other Viviparous Vertebrate, after the Embryonic stage and e. at the brain stem and midbrain. The brain stem (or brainstem) is the lower part of the Brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the Spinal cord. In biological anatomy the mesencephalon (or midbrain) comprises the Tectum (or corpora quadrigemini Tegmentum, the ventricular mesocoelia (or "iter" Other parts, on the other hand, develop further, through folding and thickening, and have different names. Still, it is considered a continuous central region through all levels of the brainstem.
Structures that develop to grow ventral or lateral outside this primitive tube as add-ons (e. g. the crus cerebri in the anterior of the midbrain) are not considered part of the 'tegmentum' as they are not part of the primitive neural tube but grow as projections from the cerebral cortex. The cerebral crus is the anterior portion of the Cerebral peduncle which contains the motor tracts the plural of which is cerebral crura. The cerebral cortex is a structure within the Brain that plays a key role in Memory, Attention, perceptual Awareness, Thought, Whereas, parts that were inside the primitive neural tube and remained an integral part of it after complete development (e. g. the red nucleus) are considered part of the tegmentum. The red nucleus is a structure in the Rostral Midbrain involved in Motor coordination.
Divisions
The tegmentum forms distinguished divisions in the midbrain, pons and medulla
Midbrain tegmentum
The midbrain tegmentum is the part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. In biological anatomy the mesencephalon (or midbrain) comprises the Tectum (or corpora quadrigemini Tegmentum, the ventricular mesocoelia (or "iter" The pons (sometimes pons Varolii after Costanzo Varolio) is a structure located on the Brain stem. The midbrain Tegmentum is the part of the Midbrain extending from the Substantia nigra to the Cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section In biological anatomy the mesencephalon (or midbrain) comprises the Tectum (or corpora quadrigemini Tegmentum, the ventricular mesocoelia (or "iter" The substantia nigra ( Latin for "black substance" Sömmering) or locus niger is a heterogeneous portion of the midbrain, separating The mesencephalic duct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, aqueduct of Sylvius or the cerebral aqueduct, contains Cerebrospinal
Pontine tegmentum
Lateral tegmental field
The lateral tegmental field (LTF) [1] is the source of several neurons of the noradrenaline system of the brain
Other
Other pertinent areas of the tegmentum are:
- Ventral Tegmental Аrea (VTA)
- Periaqueductal Gray Matter
- Reticular Formation
- Red Nucleus
- Substantia nigra
References
The pontine tegmentum is a part of the Pons of the Brain involved in the initiation of REM sleep. Norepinephrine ( INN) (abbreviated norepi or NE) or noradrenaline ( BAN) (abbreviated NA or NAd) is a The ventral tegmentum or the ventral tegmental area (VTA ( tegmentum, Latin for covering) is part of the Midbrain, lying close to the Substantia Periaqueductal gray (PAG also called the "central gray" is the Midbrain Grey matter that is located around the Cerebral aqueduct within the The reticular formation is a part of the Brain that is involved in actions such as awaking/ sleeping cycle, and lying down The red nucleus is a structure in the Rostral Midbrain involved in Motor coordination. The substantia nigra ( Latin for "black substance" Sömmering) or locus niger is a heterogeneous portion of the midbrain, separatingDictionary
tegmentum
-noun
- The ventral portion of the midbrain, divided from the tectum by the cerebral aqueduct and the periaqueductal grey
- Containing the following nuclei: red nucleus, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area
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